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Unstructured treatment interruption of antiretroviral therapy in clinical practice: a systematic reviewInterruption non structurée du traitement antirétrovirale dans la pratique clinique: une revue systématiqueInterrupción no estructurada del tratamiento durante la terapia antirretroviral en la práctica clínica: revisión sistemática
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Conclusion Treatment interruptions are common and contribute to worsening patient outcomes. HIV/AIDS programmes should consider assessing their causes and frequency as part of routine monitoring. Future research should focus on evaluating interventions to address the most frequently reported reasons for interruptions.Objectif: Caractériser la fréquence, les raisons, les facteurs de risque et les conséquences des interruptions non structurées du traitement antirétroviral (ART).Méthode: Revue systématique.Résultats: 70 études ont été incluses. La proportion médiane des patients qui ont interrompu le t...
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - September 15, 2011 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Katharina KranzerNathan Ford Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research
Combating the HIV Epidemic in Southern AfricaCombating the HIV Epidemic in Southern AfricaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Health behavior changes are necessary to optimize the public health and prevention interventions targeted at the HIV epidemic. Future Virology
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - September 15, 2011 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: HIV/AIDS Journal Article Source Type: news
ESCV MembershipEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Possible association of lower rate of postherpetic neuralgia in patients on anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐αEmail this article to a colleague.
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The objective of this study was to investigate whether patients on TNF‐α inhibitors who developed herpes zoster have a lower incidence of subsequent development of postherpetic neuralgia. A retrospective review of herpes zoster patients on TNF‐α inhibitors (infliximab, etanercept, or adalimumab) was conducted in 12 dermatology clinics. Medical records of such patients were reviewed thoroughly to confirm herpes zoster and TNF‐α inhibitors and any subsequent development of postherpetic neuralgia (pain score ≥3 out of 10 after 90 days of shingles onset) was noted. A total of 206 cases were reviewed, of which only 2...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Saba JavedQurat‐Ul‐Ain KamiliNatalia MendozaStephen K. Tyring Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Isolation and genotyping of rubella virus from a case of congenital infection in BrazilEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report a congenital rubella case with fetal death occurred at 29th week of gestation. RV was confirmed in placenta. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the RVs/SaoPaulo01.‐ BRA/08.CRI belongs to the genotype 2B of RV. J. Med. Virol. 83:2048–2050, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: J.Q. AndradeC.A. FigueiredoM.I. OliveiraM.H.B. CarvalhoR. SchultzM. Zugaib Tags: Case Report Source Type: research
Rhinovirus frequently detected in elderly adults attending an emergency departmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractThe general aim was to investigate the burden of respiratory virus illness in a hospital emergency department, during two different epidemic seasons. Consecutive patients attending an emergency department during two study periods (February/March 2009 and 2010) were enrolled using broad inclusion criteria (fever/preceding fever and one of a set of ICD‐9 codes suggestive of respiratory illness); nasopharyngeal washes were tested for the most common respiratory viruses using PCR‐based methods. Influenza A virus was detected in 24% of samples collected in February/March 2009, whereas no samples tested positive for ...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Alessandra PierangeliCarolina ScagnolariCarla SelvaggiSimona VerzaroMaria Teresa SpinaEmanuela BrescianiGuido AntonelliGiuliano Bertazzoni Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Whole genome analyses of African G2, G8, G9, and G12 rotavirus strains using sequence‐independent amplification and 454® pyrosequencingEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study illustrates the swift characterization of all the 11 rotavirus genome segments by using a single set of universal primers for cDNA synthesis followed by 454® pyrosequencing and RotaC analysis. J. Med. Virol. 83:2018–2042, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Khuzwayo C. JereLuwanika MleraHester G. O'NeillA. Christiaan PotgieterNicola A. PageMapaseka L. SeheriAlberdina A. van Dijk Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
High detection rates of nucleic acids of a wide range of respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx and the middle ear of children with a history of recurrent acute otitis mediaEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study molecular methods were used to determine the presence of nucleic acids of human rhinoviruses (HRV; types A, B, and C), respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV; types A and B), bocavirus (HBoV), adenovirus, enterovirus, coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43), influenza viruses (types A, B, and C), parainfluenza viruses (types 1, 2, 3, 4A, and 4B), human metapneumovirus, and polyomaviruses (KI and WU) in the nasopharynx of children between 6 and 36 months of age either with (n = 180) or without (n = 66) a history of recurrent acute otitis media and in 238 middle ear effusion samples collected from 143 ch...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Selma P. WiertsemaGlenys R. ChidlowLea‐Ann S. KirkhamKarli J. CorscaddenEva N. MoweShyan VijayasekaranHarvey L. CoatesGerald B. HarnettPeter C. Richmond Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Simultaneous infection of measles and varicella‐zoster virus in a child in IndiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractSimultaneous occurrence of measles and chickenpox in a single individual is a rare event despite the fact that each of these infections alone is very common. The clinical presentation and molecular characterization of a dual infection caused by measles and Varicella‐Zoster virus (VZV) in a 3‐year female child is reported for the first time from India. The child presented with high fever, cough, cervical lymphadenopathy, and maculopapular rash followed by vesicular skin rash. The child was not immunized against measles and chickenpox. The viral nucleic acids extracted from the clinical specimen were subjected to...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Dipankar BiswasKaushal YadavBiswajyoti BorkakotyJagadish Mahanta Tags: Case Report Source Type: research
Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in non‐neoplastic cervical tissue lesion: Cervical erosionEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study detected a high prevalence of HPV infection in women with cervical erosion compared to women with a normal cervix. This data may contribute to the HPV epidemiology in the southeastern Turkey. It is recommended that women with cervical erosion should be given priority in HPV screening programs. J. Med. Virol. 83:1997–2003, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Aysen BayramSuna ErkılıçÖzcan BalatFahriye EkşiMete Gürol UğurEbru ÖztürkGülsüm Kaya Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
High prevalence of intermediate‐risk human papillomavirus infection in uterine cervices of kenyan women infected with human immunodeficiency virusEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate an association between certain human papillomavirus (HPV) types and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Sexually active females (n = 487; 19–61 years old) were enrolled in the study. Subjects underwent Pap testing and evaluations of HIV and HPV infection status on uterine cervical cell samples. HPV genotyping was performed using a Kurabo GeneSQUARE DNA microarray test. Overall, 23 HPV genotypes were detected, and the most prevalent HPV genotype was HPV‐52, followed by HPV‐39, ‐54, ‐45, ‐56, ‐53, ‐31, ‐42, ‐16, ‐68, and ‐51. HPV‐30, ...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Mosfequr RahmanToshiyuki SasagawaRika YamadaAlan KingoroHiroshi IchimuraSatoru Makinoda Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Immunological insights into the pathogenesis of active CMV infection in non‐immunosuppressed critically ill patientsEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractDissociation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA loads between the lower respiratory tract and blood, with high levels in the former compartment and low or undetectable levels in the latter, commonly occurs during active CMV infection in critically ill patients despite the presence of high frequencies of CMV‐specific IFN‐γ‐producing CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in blood. Data presented in this case report suggest that inter‐compartmental differences in interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) levels may, in part, explain the pathobiology of this phenomenon. In the absence of ganciclovir treatment, a significant correlation was observ...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: José BlanquerMarifina ChiletIsabel BenetGerardo AguilarBeatriz Muñoz‐CoboAlexander TellezElisa CostaDayana BravoDavid Navarro Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Systematic screening of BK virus by real‐time PCR prevents BK virus associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipientsEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractBK virus associated nephropathy occurs in approximately 5% of renal transplant recipients. Quantitation of BKV DNA in serum/plasma early in the course of disease has been suggested to be an important diagnostic tool for polymavirus‐associated nephropathy (PVAN). The aim of this study was to develop a BKV real‐time PCR (qPCR), which could be included in a diagnostic qPCR platform. Additionally, the significance of the assay as a surrogate marker for PVAN was investigated. Quantitation of BKV DNA by qPCR was carried out on 234 serum samples from a retrospective study including 31 renal transplant recipients monit...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Anna‐Lena HammarinBjörn ÖqvistJohn WahlgrenKerstin I. Falk Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Sequence typing of adenovirus from samples from hematological stem cell transplant recipientsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, the phylogenetic analysis of adenovirus sequences from hematological stem cell transplant patients' samples showed evidence of two possible cross‐infection incidents involving three and five patients, respectively. J. Med. Virol. 83:1951–1958, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Yasir Mohammed A. Al QurashiMalcolm GuiverRobert J. Cooper Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Herpesvirus saimiri infection of rhesus macaques: A model for acute rhadinovirus‐induced t‐cell transformation and oncogenesisEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractHerpesvirus saimiri (HVS) causes acute lymphoma and leukemia upon experimental infection of various monkey species. HVS strain C488 is also capable of transforming human T‐lymphocytes to stable growth in culture. The most susceptible species for oncogenesis are New World primates, in particular the cottontop tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). However, Old World monkeys such as macaques are the most used animal model for the close‐to‐human situation. The limited data on HVS infection in Old World monkeys prompted us to investigate susceptibility to infection and disease induction by HVS in macaques. After having esta...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Brigitte RosenwirthIvanela KondovaHenk NiphuisEdward J.D. GreenwoodFabian SchmidtErnst J. VerschoorSabine WittmannJonathan L. HeeneyWilly M.J.M. BogersHelmut FickenscherGerrit Koopman Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Clinical evaluation of the signal‐to‐cutoff ratios of hepatitis C virus antibody screening tests used in ChinaEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractThe clinical diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is important to direct an accurate course of therapy. Previous studies have reported a correlation between the signal‐to‐cutoff (S/CO) ratios of the anti‐HCV screening test and confirm HCV infections for American anti‐HCV screening kits as well as for those in China. It is currently unknown whether clinical laboratories use the same threshold S/CO ratios under routine conditions and if these values are acceptable for the analysis of Chinese samples. A total of 336 anti‐HCV screening‐test‐positive serum samples were tested in duplicate using d...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Shiji WuYanling LiuLiming ChengBotao YinJing PengZiyong Sun Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Prevalence of Amino acid mutation in hepatitis C virus core region among Japanese volunteer blood donorsEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractIt is not known whether there is a trend of increasing or decreasing incidence of new hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Japan. From the treatment point of view, it is important to verify HCV genotypes and the prevalence of treatment‐resistant clones of HCV. At the Japanese Red Cross blood centers, all blood samples obtained from blood donation have been screened using serological methods and the minipool nucleic acid amplification testing. One hundred and fourteen donors have been identified over the past 10 years to be HCV RNA‐only positive without detectable anti‐HCV and were considered to be in the acu...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Yasumi FuruiYuji HoshiKazumoto MurataKiyoaki ItoKou SuzukiShigeharu UchidaMasahiro SatakeMasashi MizokamiKenji Tadokoro Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
HBV DNA suppression in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon or placeboEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, PEG‐IFN therapy resulted in a greater HBV DNA decline in positive HBeAg patients than a placebo. The decline of HBV DNA was greater in patients with HBeAg loss or who exhibited an ALT flare during PEG‐IFN than in patients with spontaneous HBeAg loss or flares during placebo therapy. J. Med. Virol. 83:1917–1923, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Bettina E. HansenVincent RijckborstMartijn J. ter BorgHarry L.A. Janssen Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Lamivudine resistance mutations in European patients with hepatitis B and patients co‐infected with HIV and hepatitis BEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractEvaluation of resistance pattern in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Retrospective study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) resistance mutations in patients found viraemic after first‐line treatment. HBV viral load was determined by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction and the substitutions in HBV‐DNA were studied by polymerase sequencing test. First line treatment had failed in 12 out of 33 patients (36%) receiving anti‐HBV drugs. The 12 patients with persistent viraemia were all lamivudine (LAM) experienced and 7 had a polymerase sequencing test available. LAM substitution mutations L180M + M204V/I were fo...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Lucia TaramassoPatrizia CaligiuriAntonio Di BiagioBianca BruzzoneRaffaella RossoGiancarlo IcardiClaudio Viscoli Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Stability of hepatitis B surface antigen over time: Implications for studies using stored seraEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, HBsAg levels remained stable in stored frozen sera for 12 months without significant changes, and could be used to quantify HBsAg accurately. J. Med. Virol. 83:1900–1904, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: James FungChing‐Lung LaiJohn YoungDanny Ka‐Ho WongJohn YuenWai‐Kay SetoMan‐Fung Yuen Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Lack of association of RAD51 genetic variations with hepatitis B virus clearance and occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Korean populationEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, 16 sequence variations were detected by resequencing all exons, the exon–intron boundary, and promoter regions of the human RAD51 gene in DNA samples of 24 unrelated individuals. To investigate the association of common variations in the RAD51 locus with HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence, six common polymorphisms were genotyped in a total of 1,103 Korean HBV cohort, composed of 433 spontaneously recovered patients as controls and 670 chronic carriers of HBV, who were stratified further into 327 cirrhosis/chronic hepatitis patients and 343 patients with HCC infected with HBV. Logis...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Charisse Flerida A. PasajeJeong‐Hyun KimByung‐Lae ParkHyun Sub CheongJoon Seol BaeTae‐Joon ParkJin‐Sol LeeYongha KimHyo‐Suk LeeInSong KohYoon Jun KimHyoung Doo Shin Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus strains circulating in Belgian patients co‐infected with HIV and HBV: Overt and occult infectionEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have similar transmission routes, implying that patients infected with HIV are at particular risk for HBV infection. Patients who are co‐infected with HIV and HBV progress more rapidly to end‐stage liver disease and different HBV genotypes may have a distinct impact on disease progression. One hundred ninety‐one anti‐HBc‐positive sera from Belgian patients co‐infected with HIV and HBV were collected during 1998–2008. Full‐length HBV genomes as well as large S or partial S genes were amplified and their molecular evolutionary history was ...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Mahmoud Reza PourkarimPhilippe LemeySamad Amini‐Bavil‐OlyaeeLieselot HouspieJannick VerbeeckMustafizur RahmanPiet MaesEric VanwijngaerdenFrederik NevensMarc Van Ranst Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Genotypic tropism of antiretroviral‐treated patients with drug resistant HIV‐1Email this article to a colleague.
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This study analyzed genotypic HIV‐1 tropisms in patients with evidence of genotypic drug resistance to antiretroviral therapies in Northwest Poland. V3 loop sequences were analyzed from plasma samples obtained from patients presenting with virologic treatment failure while on combined antiretroviral treatment and with evidence of genotypic drug resistance. Genotypic X4 and R5 tropisms were identified using the geno2pheno algorithm with a false positive rate threshold set at 10%. Clinical data for all patients examined was collected, in addition to determining the CCR5 Δ32 genotype and calculating the genotypic susceptib...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - September 15, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Milosz ParczewskiMagdalena Leszczyszyn‐PynkaAnna UrbanskaDorota BanderAnna Boron‐Kaczmarska Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Molecular characterization of Drosophila cells persistently infected with Flock House virus.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Little is known about the molecular determinants causing and sustaining viral persistent infections at the cellular level. We found that Drosophila cells persistently infected (PI) with Flock House virus (FHV) invariably harbor defective viral RNAs, which are replicated by the FHV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Some defective RNAs encoded a functional B2 protein, the FHV suppressor of RNA interference, which might contribute to maintenance of virus persistence. Viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) of both polarities were detected in PI cells and primarily mapped to regions of the viral genome that were pr...
Source: Virology - September 14, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Jovel J, Schneemann A Tags: Virology Source Type: research
Long term virological, immunological and mortality outcomes in a cohort of HIV-infected female sex workers treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in AfricaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
Clinical and biological benefits of HAART can be maintained over the long term among FSWs in Africa and could also lead to important public health benefits.
Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles - September 14, 2011 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Charlotte HuetAbdoulaye OuedraogoIssouf KonateIsidore TraoreFrancois RouetAntoinette KaboreAnselme SanonPhilippe MayaudPhilippe Van de PerreNicolas Nagot Source Type: research
[Current advances in hepatitis C treatment].Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Infection by hepatitis C virus constitutes an important health problem in Mexico. Diagnosis of high-risk population is essential given the probability of developing chronic disease, cirrhosis and cirrhosis decompensation, likely leading to the need of a liver transplant and/or the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the standard of care (SOC) treatment includes pegylated interferon and ribavirin, which have shown an approximately 57% rate response in genotype 1, the most prevalent in Mexico. It is known that between 30 and 60% of the infected population does not show a sustained virological...
Source: Salud Publica de Mexico - September 13, 2011 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Cisneros-Garza LE Tags: Salud Publica Mex Source Type: research
Genetic characterization of Porcine Circovirus 2 found in Malaysia.Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion:
Phylogenetic study suggests that there may be a link between movements of animals by import of breeders into the country being the route of entry of the virus. While it is not possible to eradicate the virus from commercial pigs, the swine industry in Malaysia can be safeguarded by control measures implemented throughout the country. These measures should include improved biosecurity, disease surveillance; vaccination as well as enforcement of regulations formulated to control and prevent the spread of this disease on a national scale.
Source: Virology Journal - September 13, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Seetha JaganathanOoi ToungPhang YeeTan YewChoo YoonLim Keong Source Type: research
Rising burden of Hepatitis C Virus in Hemodialysis PatientsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion:
This study suggesting that i) the prevalence of HCV does not differentiate between past and present infection and continued to be elevated ii) HD patients may be a risk for HCV due to the involvement of multiple routes of infections especially poor blood screening of transfused blood and low standard of dialysis procedures in Pakistan and iii) need to apply infection control practice.
Source: Virology Journal - September 13, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Sanaullah KhanSobia AttaullahIjaz AliSultan AyazNaseemullah .Shahid KhanSami SirajJabbar Khan Source Type: research
Efficacy and safety of a switch to unboosted atazanavir in combination with nucleoside analogues in HIV-1-infected patients with virological suppression under antiretroviral therapyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions
In patients with virological suppression and no prior history of virological failure, a switch to unboosted atazanavir in combination with NRTIs is associated with a low probability of virological failure and a good safety profile.
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - September 13, 2011 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pavie, J., Porcher, R., Torti, C., Medrano, J., Castagna, A., Valin, N., Rusconi, S., Ammassari, A., Ghosn, J., Delaugerre, C., Molina, J.-M., on behalf of the NEAT Unboosted Atazanavir Cohort Study Group, Franzetti, Lascoux-Combes, Lorenzini, Carosi, Alb Tags: Original research Source Type: research
Correction for Rubin, The early history of tumor virology: Rous, RIF, and RAV [Correction]Email this article to a colleague.
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PERSPECTIVE Correction for “The early history of tumor virology: Rous, RIF, and RAV,” by Harry Rubin, which appeared in issue 35, August 30, 2011, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (108:14389–14396; first published August 3, 2011; 10.1073/pnas.1108655108).The author notes that on page 14390, column 3, the reference to work by Groupé and Manaker should instead appear as “Manaker and Groupé.” The corresponding reference, ref. 21, should also appear as “Manaker RA, Groupé V.”
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - September 13, 2011 Category: Science Tags: Corrections Source Type: research
The sialic acid binding activity of the S protein facilitates infection by porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirusEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
Our results suggest that the sialic acid binding activity facilitates the infection by TGEV under unfavorable environmental conditions. The dependence on the sialic acid binding activity for an efficient infection differs in the analyzed TGEV strains.
Source: Virology Journal - September 12, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Christel Schwegmann-WesselsSandra BauerChristine WinterLuis EnjuanesHubert LaudeGeorg Herrler Source Type: research
Novel snake papillomavirus does not cluster with other non-mammalian papillomavirusesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Papillomaviruses (PVs) are associated with the development of neoplasias and have been found in several different species, most of them in humans and other mammals. We identified, cloned and sequenced PV DNA from pigmented papilloma-like lesions of a diamond python (Morelia spilota spilota). This represents the first complete PV genome discovered in a Squamata host (MsPV1). It consists of 7048 nt and contains the characteristic open reading (ORF) frames E6, E7, E1, E2, L1 and L2. The L1 ORF sequence showed the highest percentage of sequence identities to human PV5 (57.9%) and Caribbean manatee (Trichechus manatus) PV1 (55....
Source: Virology Journal - September 12, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Christian LangeClaude FavrotMathias AckermannJessica GullElisabeth VetschKurt Tobler Source Type: research
The effects of RNase H inhibitors and nevirapine on the susceptibility of HIV-1 to AZT and 3TC.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
It was recently proposed that HIV RT mutations that decrease RNase H activity increase zidovudine (AZT) resistance by delaying the degradation of the RNA template, allowing more time for AZTMP excision from the 3' end of the viral DNA. This predicts that suboptimal concentrations of an RNase H Inhibitor (RNHI), which would decrease RNaseH activity, would decrease AZT susceptibility. Conversely, a suboptimal concentration of a nonnucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI) would decrease polymerase activity and increase AZT susceptibility. We determined the effect of several RNHIs and an NNRTI (nevirapine) on AZT and l...
Source: Virology - September 9, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Davis CA, Parniak MA, Hughes SH Tags: Virology Source Type: research
The Ebola virus glycoprotein mediates entry via a non-classical dynamin-dependent macropinocytic pathway.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) has been reported to enter cultured cell lines via a dynamin-2-independent macropinocytic pathway or clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The route(s) of productive EBOV internalization into physiologically relevant cell types remain unexplored, and viral-host requirements for this process are incompletely understood. Here, we use electron microscopy and complementary chemical and genetic approaches to demonstrate that the viral glycoprotein, GP, induces macropinocytic uptake of viral particles into cells. GP's highly-glycosylated mucin domain is dispensable for virus-induced macropinocytosis,...
Source: Virology - September 9, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Mulherkar N, Raaben M, de la Torre JC, Whelan SP, Chandran K Tags: Virology Source Type: research
An immediate-early protein of white spot syndrome virus modulates the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase of shrimp.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, co-transfection of WSV083 and MjFAK genes proceeded in insect cells revealed that the MjFAK phosphorylation and cell adhesion activity could be inhibited by the expression of WSV083. Kinase domain mutants of WSV083 lost its ability of inhibiting FAK phosphorylation. Moreover, silencing of FAK gene through RNAi accelerated the shrimp death rate upon WSSV challenge. These results demonstrate for the first time that modulation of FAK phosphorylation by WSV083 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of WSSV infection.
PMID: 21908012 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Virology - September 9, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Lu H, Ruan L, Xu X Tags: Virology Source Type: research
Viral aetiology of influenza-like illness in Belgium during the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemicEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to determine the proportion of influenza-like illness (ILI) attributable to specific
viruses during the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic and to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of ILI due
to respiratory viruses in Belgium. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from ILI patients by general practitioners (GPs) and
paediatricians (PediSurv) and analysed for viruses. Of 139 samples collected from children <5 years of age by PediSurv, 86
were positive, including 28 influenza (20%), 27 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (19%), 21 rhinovirus (17...
Source: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - September 8, 2011 Category: Microbiology Tags: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
High pentraxin-3 plasma levels associate with thrombocytopenia in acute Puumala hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemicaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Our aim was to investigate whether plasma levels of the long pentraxin-3 (PTX3) associate with the severity of Puumala hantavirus-induced
nephropathia epidemica (NE). Sixty-one prospectively identified consecutively hospitalized NE patients were examined. Plasma
PTX3, interleukin (IL)-6, terminal complement complex SC5b-9, complement component C3, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine,
sodium, kynurenine, and tryptophan levels, as well as the blood cell count, were determined for up to five consecutive days
after hospitalization. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the maxi...
Source: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - September 8, 2011 Category: Microbiology Tags: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Identification of ionotrophic purinergic receptors in Huh-7 cells and their response towards structural proteins of HCV genotype 3aEmail this article to a colleague.
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem in developing countries including Pakistan. Chronic HCV infection results in progressive liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis, insulin resistance and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ionotrophic purinergic (P2X) receptors are identified to involve in a spectrum of physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the role of P2X receptors in HCV liver associated diseases still remains to be investigated. The current study was designed to identify the presence of P2X receptors in human liver cells. Furthermore, it investigates the response of P2X rece...
Source: Virology Journal - September 8, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Sobia ManzoorMuhammad IdreesJaved AshrafAzra MehmoodSadia ButtKaneez FatimaHaji AkbarIrshad RehmanIshtiaq Qadri Source Type: research
Chikungunya triggers an autophagic process which promotes viral replicationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy may play a promoting role in ChikV replication. Investigating in details the relationship between autophagy and viral replication will greatly improve our knowledge of the pathogenesis of ChikV and provide insight for the design of candidate antiviral therapeutics.
Source: Virology Journal - September 8, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Pascale Krejbich-TrototBernard GayGhislaine Li-Pat-YuenJean-Jacques HoarauMarie-Christine Jaffar-BandjeeLaurence BriantPhilippe GasqueMelanie Denizot Source Type: research
Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Pakistan: a systemic reviewEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article deepens the current molecular information about the geographical distribution of HCV genotypes and subgenotypes in population of four provinces of Pakistan. 34 published papers (1996-2011) related to prevalence of HCV genotypes/serotypes and subgenotypes in Pakistan were searched.ResultHCV genotype/s distribution from all 34 studies was observed in 28,400 HCV infected individuals in the following pattern: 1,999 (7.03%) cases of genotype 1; 1,085 (3.81%) cases of genotype 2; 22,429 (78.96%) cases of genotype 3; 453 (1.59%) cases of genotype 4; 29 (0.10%) cases of genotype 5; 37 (0.13%) cases of genotype 6; 1,42...
Source: Virology Journal - September 8, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Sobia AttaullahSanaullah KhanIjaz Ali Source Type: research
Distribution of sialic acid receptors and influenza A virus of avian and swine origin in experimentally infected pigsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
A difference in predilection sites between SIV and AIV virus was found, and this difference was in accordance with the distribution of the SA-alpha-2,6 and SA-alpha-2,3 receptor, respectively. The results indicated that the distribution of influenza A virus receptors in pigs are similar to that of humans and therefore challenge the theory that the pig acts as a mixing vessel between human and avian influenza viruses. Furthermore, it was shown that AIV prefers to infect alveolar type II epithelial cells in pigs. This corresponds with findings in humans emphasising the resemblance between the two species.
Source: Virology Journal - September 8, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Ramona TrebbienLars LarsenBirgitte Viuff Source Type: research
Identification of H-2d Restricted T Cell Epitope of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Structural Protein VP1Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
The results of this study lay foundation for studying the FMDV immune process, vaccine development, among other things. These results also showed that, to identify viral T cell epitopes, the combined application of bioinformatics and molecular biology methods is effective.
Source: Virology Journal - September 7, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Xin-Sheng LiuYong-Lu WangYong-Guang ZhangYu-Zhen FangLi PanJian-Liang LuPeng ZhouZhong-Wang ZhangShou-Tian Jiang Source Type: research
Mimivirus reveals Mre11/Rad50 fusion proteins with a sporadic distribution in eukaryotes, bacteria, viruses and plasmidsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
The existence of the fused version of protein sequences is consistent with known functional interactions between Mre11 and Rad50, and the gene fusion probably enhanced the opportunity for lateral transfer. The abundance of the Mre11/Rad50 fusion genes in viral metagenomes and their sporadic phyletic distribution in cellular organisms suggest that viruses, plasmids and transposons played a crucial role in the formation of the fusion proteins and their propagation into cellular genomes.
Source: Virology Journal - September 7, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Takashi YoshidaJean-Michel ClaverieHiroyuki Ogata Source Type: research
Lentviral-mediated RNAi to inhibit target gene expression of the porcine integrin alphav subunit, the FMDV receptor, and against FMDV infection in PK-15 cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
Ialphav-PK-15 cells were demonstrated as a cell model for anti-FMDV potency testing, and this study suggests that shRNA could be a viable therapeutic approach for controlling the severity of FMD infection and spread.
Source: Virology Journal - September 7, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Jihuai LuoJunzheng DuShandian GaoGuozheng ZhangJingjing SunGuozheng CongJunjun ShaoTong LinHuiyun Chang Source Type: research
Heterologous prime-boost-boost immunisation of Chinese cynomolgus macaques using DNA and recombinant poxvirus vectors expressing HIV-1 virus-like particlesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
MVA and FP9 are ideal replication-deficient viral vectors for HIV-1 vaccines due to their excellent safety profile for use in humans. This study shows this novel prime-boost-boost regimen was poorly immunogenic in Chinese cynomolgus macaques.
Source: Virology Journal - September 7, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Simon BridgeSally SharpeMike DennisStuart DowallBrian GettyDonald AnsonMichael SkinnerJames StewartTom Blanchard Source Type: research
Characterization of a ViI-like Phage Specific to Escherichia coli O157:H7Email this article to a colleague.
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Phage vB_EcoM_CBA120 (CBA120), isolated against Escherichia coli O157:H7 from a cattle feedlot, is morphologically very similar to the classic phage ViI of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Until recently, little was known genetically or physiologically about the ViI-like phages, and none targeting E. coli have been described in the literature. The genome of CBA120 has been fully sequenced and is highly similar to those of both ViI and the Shigella phage AG3. The core set of structural and replication-related proteins of CBA120 are homologous to those from T-even phages, but generally are more closely related to those fro...
Source: Virology Journal - September 7, 2011 Category: Virology Authors: Elizabeth KutterKyobi Skutt-KakariaBob BlasdelAyman El-ShibinyAnna CastanoDaniel BryanAndrew KropinskiAndre VillegasHans-Wolfgang AckermannAna L ToribioDerek PickardHany AnanyTodd CallawayAndrew Brabban Source Type: research
Molecular characterization and complete genome analysis of human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 from children with hand, foot and mouth disease in Thailand during 2008-2011Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has mostly been caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16). CA 16 was
the most common cause of HFMD in 2010. EV71 had a high prevalence in 2008-2009 and has been identified with a higher frequency
since 2011. Nearly complete genome sequences of three EV71 strains (2008-2009 strains) and two CA16 strains (2010 strains)
obtained from outbreaks in Thailand in 2008 to 2010 were characterized. Based on a phylogenetic tree of the complete VP1 region,
three EV71 strains grouped into the B5, C1 and C4 genotypes, and two CA16 strains grouped into the C g...
Source: Archives of Virology - September 6, 2011 Category: Virology Tags: Archives of Virology Source Type: research
No evidence for a role of xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus and BK virus in prostate cancer of German patientsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in men. Controversial data exist concerning the role of BKPyV
and the xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related gammaretrovirus (XMRV) in prostate cancer development. We therefore assessed
the association between prostate cancer and viral infections. We could detect BKPyV in only 1 out of 85 prostate cancer samples,
whereas none of the tissue samples showed evidence for XMRV positivity. Lack of detection of BKPyV and XMRV in prostate cancer
tissues suggests that these viruses do not play a role in the pathogenesis of this type of cancer.
...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - September 6, 2011 Category: Microbiology Tags: Medical Microbiology and Immunology Source Type: research
TMC310911, a Novel Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Protease Inhibitor shows in Vitro an Improved Resistance Profile and Higher Genetic Barrier to Resistance Compared with Current Protease Inhibitors.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
TMC310911 is a novel human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI) structurally closely related to darunavir (DRV), but with improved virological characteristics. TMC310911 has potent antiviral activity against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 (median 50% effective concentration [EC(50)], 14 nM) and a wide spectrum of recombinant HIV-1 clinical isolates including multi PI-resistant strains with decreased susceptibility to currently approved PIs (fold change in EC(50) [FC]>10). On a panel of 2011 recombinant clinical isolates with decreased susceptibility to at least one of the currently approv...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - September 6, 2011 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dierynck I, Van Marck H, Van Ginderen M, Jonckers TH, Nalam MN, Schiffer CA, Raoof A, Kraus G, Picchio G Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research
