BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Combining trauma script exposure with tDCS to alleviate symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: a two-arm randomized sham-controlled multicenter trial
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects 3.9% of the global population, with only half experiencing remission [1]. Exposure therapy for PTSD aims to act on identified dysregulated brain regions [2]. Certainly, functional alterations occur in key brain regions of the fear-processing network, including the amygdala (AMY) [3] and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) [4], a top-down control region engaged in extinction. Furthermore, the left dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC), known for cognitive control and emotion appraisal, is implicated in top-down control of the vmPFC [4] and in intrusive traumatic memories [5]. (Source: ...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - May 1, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: No émie Eyraud, Pierre Poupin, Marc Legrand, Agnès Caille, Anne Sauvaget, Samuel Bulteau, Bénédicte Gohier, Ghina Harika-Germaneau, Dominique Drapier, Nematollah Jaafari, Olivier Bodic, Bruno Brizard, Valérie Gissot, Catherine Belzung, Jean-Baptiste Source Type: research

Synaptic density changes following electroconvulsive therapy: A longitudinal pilot study with PET-MR 11C-UCB-J imaging in late-life depression
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for late-life depression (LLD), but its exact mechanism is not fully understood. The neuroplasticity hypothesis suggests that ECT works by inducing seizures that lead to neurotrophic effects crucial for its success (1). Supporting the neuroplasticity hypothesis, preclinical research shows that electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) enhances neurotrophic factors, promotes neurogenesis, boosts synaptogenesis, axonal sprouting, dendritic growth, and spine density, and alters synaptic circuitry in the hippocampus (2). (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and C...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - May 1, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Maarten Laroy, Thomas Vande Casteele, Margot Van Cauwenberge, Michel Koole, Patrick Dupont, Stefan Sunaert, Jan Van den Stock, Pascal Sienaert, Koen Van Laere, Mathieu Vandenbulcke, Louise Emsell, Filip Bouckaert Source Type: research

The Effect of tDCS on Inhibitory Control and its Transfer Effect on Sustained Attention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An fNIRS Study
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have inhibitory control deficits. The combination of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and inhibitory control training produces good transfer effects and improves neuroplasticity. However, no studies have explored whether applying tDCS over the dlPFC improves inhibitory control and produces transfer effects in children with ASD. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 29, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Liu Chen, Bang Du, Ke Li, Kaiyun Li, TingTing Hou, Fanlu Jia, Li Li Source Type: research

Transcranial direct current stimulation alters cerebrospinal fluid-interstitial fluid exchange in mouse brain
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has gained prominence recently. Clinical studies have explored tDCS as an adjunct to neurologic disease rehabilitation, with evidence suggesting its potential in modulating brain clearance mechanisms. The glymphatic system, a proposed brain waste clearance system, posits that cerebrospinal fluid-interstitial fluid (CSF-ISF) exchange aids in efficient metabolic waste removal. While some studies have linked tDCS to astrocytes inositol trisphosphate (IP3)/Ca2+ signaling, the impact of tDCS on CSF-ISF exchange dynamics remains unc...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 28, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Yan Wan, Hiromu Monai Source Type: research

Characterization, number, and spatial organization of nerve fibers in the human cervical vagus nerve and its superior cardiac branch
We examined the neuroanatomy of the mid-cervical segment of the human VN and its superior cardiac branch to gain insight into the side effects of VN stimulation and aid in developing targeted stimulation strategies. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 24, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Bettina Kronsteiner, Genova Carrero-Rojas, Lukas F. Reissig, Atieh Seyedian Moghaddam, Karoline M. Schwendt, Sylvia Gerges, Udo Maierhofer, Oskar C. Aszmann, Angel M. Pastor, Attila Kiss, Bruno K. Podesser, Wolfgang Birkfellner, Francesco Moscato, Roland Source Type: research

ITRUSST consensus on standardised reporting for transcranial ultrasound stimulation
As transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) advances as a precise, non-invasive neuromodulatory method, there is a need for consistent reporting standards to enable comparison and reproducibility across studies. To this end, the International Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation Safety and Standards Consortium (ITRUSST) formed a subcommittee of experts across several domains to review and suggest standardised reporting parameters for low intensity TUS, resulting in the guide presented here. The scope of the guide is limited to reporting the ultrasound aspects of a study. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, an...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 24, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Eleanor Martin, Jean-Fran çois Aubry, Mark Schafer, Lennart Verhagen, Bradley Treeby, Kim Butts Pauly Source Type: research

Reduced VR Motion Sickness by Applying Random-phase Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation to the Left Parietal Cortex
With the increasing spread of consumer-friendly VR headsets in our daily life, VR motion sickness (VRMS) is approximately affecting 40-70% of the VR users [1]. Although brain stimulation-based VRMS mitigation techniques exist [2], it is still unclear whether the mitigated VRMS symptoms in these previous studies could be observed in an online manner. In other words, whether or not reduced VRMS could be perceived while tACS was applied concurrently with the VR environment. Furthermore, the true attribution of mitigated VRMS symptoms to targeted brain interventions or other factors, such as the side effects of brain stimulati...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 24, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Gang Li, Theodore Zanto Source Type: research

Dietary tyrosine consumption modulates the effects of tDCS, but not tRNS, on planning behaviour
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) holds great promise for alleviating various diseases and enhancing cognitive function. Despite its potential, contradictory findings remain prevalent in the field due to a combination of methodological (1) and interindividual factors. A decade of diverse research methodologies has consistently shown that variations in dopaminergic (DA) activity, specifically within the realm of executive function (EF), can predict the direction of tDCS effects on EF (2 –5). (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 19, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Oliver Buck, Tenielle Found, Rachel Weldon, Lee Wei Lim, Luca Aquili Source Type: research

Vagus Nerve Stimulation enhances remyelination and decreases innate neuroinflammation in lysolecithin-induced demyelination.
Current treatments for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) poorly address chronic innate neuroinflammation nor do they offer effective remyelination. The vagus nerve has a strong regulatory role in inflammation and Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has potential to affect both neuroinflammation and remyelination in MS. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 19, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Helen Bachmann, Boris Vandemoortele, Vanessa Vermeirssen, Evelien Carrette, Kristl Vonck, Paul Boon, Robrecht Raedt, Guy Laureys Source Type: research

NonInvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (VANQUISH): a Randomized Safety and Feasibility Study
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) typically presents with severe thunderclap headache, often described as the “worst headache of life”. The vast majority of patients (90%) have persistent severe headache while in the intensive care unit [1] and more than a third continue to have this headache for years following cerebral insult, which adversely affects their quality of life [2]. Currently, there is lack of effective treatments or guidelines, and the data evaluating the efficacy of analgesic medications for these patients is scarce. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 17, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Tania Rebeiz, Tagir Sabirov, Timothy G. White, David Ledoux, Jung-min Kim, Donna Kerner, Betsy Moclair, Amanda Lin, Shahab Khazanehdari, Aashish Patel, Heustein Sy, Marc S. Ayoub, Bensam Benziger, Kenia Samuel, Krista Lim-hing, Celine Rahman DeMatteo, Ric Source Type: research

Depressive symptom trajectories with prolonged rTMS treatment
A prolonged repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment course could be beneficial for some patients experiencing major depressive episodes (MDE). We identified trajectories of rTMS response in depressive patients who received an extended rTMS treatment course and sought to determine which trajectories achieved the greatest benefit with a prolonged treatment course. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 17, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Xiao Chen, Daniel M. Blumberger, Jonathan Downar, Victoria J. Middleton, Naima Monira, Jennifer Bowman, Joseph Kriske, John Kriske, Nancy Donachie, Tyler S. Kaster Source Type: research

Breakdown of effective information flow in disorders of consciousness: Insights from TMS-EEG
The complexity of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying human consciousness is widely acknowledged, with information processing and flow originating in cortex conceived as a core mechanism of consciousness emergence. Combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is considered as a promising technique to understand the effective information flow associated with consciousness. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 17, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Yang Bai, Li Yang, Xiangqiang Meng, Ying Huang, Qijun Wang, Anjuan Gong, Zhen Feng, Ulf Ziemann Source Type: research

Auditory cues modulate the short timescale dynamics of STN activity during stepping in Parkinson ’s disease.
Gait impairment has a major impact on quality of life in patients with Parkinson ’s disease (PD). It is believed that basal ganglia oscillatory activity at β frequencies (15-30 Hz) may contribute to gait impairment, but the precise dynamics of this oscillatory activity during gait remain unclear. Additionally, auditory cues are known to lead to improvements in gait kinematics in PD. If the neurophysiological mechanisms of this cueing effect were better understood they could be leveraged to treat gait impairments using adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation (aDBS) technologies. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, ...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 16, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Chien-Hung Yeh, Yifan Xu, Wenbin Shi, James J. Fitzgerald, Alexander L. Green, Petra Fischer, Huiling Tan, Ashwini Oswal Source Type: research

ACES: Automated Correlation of Electric field strength and Stimulation effects for non-invasive brain stimulation
Multiple sources of (protocol, inter-individual) variability contribute to the limited reliability of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) findings [1]. Meta-analytical techniques could potentially even out such variability, but are hampered by the large parameter space involved [2]. Wischnewski and colleauges [3] recently proposed a partial solution, suggesting a novel approach to aggregate transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) studies using various montages and stimulation parameters. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 15, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Kris Baetens, Sybren Van Hoornweder, Taylor A. Berger, Miles Wischnewski Source Type: research

Letter to the editor: ACES: Automated Correlation of Electric field strength and Stimulation effects for non-invasive brain stimulation
Multiple sources of (protocol, inter-individual) variability contribute to the limited reliability of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) findings1. Meta-analytical techniques could potentially even out such variability, but are hampered by the large parameter space involved2. Wischnewski and colleauges3 recently proposed a partial solution, suggesting a novel approach to aggregate transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) studies using various montages and stimulation parameters. They simulated the electric field in a common head model using SimNIBS4, an open source software which allows the user to model the field...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 15, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Kris Baetens, Sybren Van Hoornweder, Taylor A. Berger, Miles Wischnewski Source Type: research