Case report of spontaneous coronary artery dissection as a cause of death
We present an autopsy case of a rare and often undiagnosed cause of sudden cardiac death in young women - spontaneous coronary artery dissection. This is a challenging diagnosis at post-mortem and an autopsy pathologist should be aware of its macroscopic and microscopic features. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - May 4, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Stella Garvie, Ian SD Roberts Tags: Short case Source Type: research
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(Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 30, 2024 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Testing for genomic biomarkers in non-small-cell lung cancer
The number of targeted therapies licenced for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has increased substantially in recent years, resulting in a major increase in demand for genomic testing of tissue specimens. The range of different alteration types that are now actionable in NSCLC is reflected in the complexity of current testing approaches. Cellular pathologists hold a key role in triaging tissue specimens for genomic biomarker testing and should be familiar with the genomic alterations seen in NSCLC, the testing strategies utilised and how to interpret molecular pathology reports in order to effectively support the mana...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 30, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Oliver G Shutkever, Philip Bennett, David A Moore Tags: Mini-symposium: thoracic pathology Source Type: research
Nuclear features in thyroid cytology: features helpful for a morphological diagnosis in routine practice
This review article describes nuclear features of a range of thyroid lesions to enable confident diagnosis in a multidisciplinary thyroid cancer setting. It is hoped that this will serve as a handy aide-m émoire when faced with diagnosis of thyroid FNA (fine needle aspiration) cytology in day-to-day practice. The existing literature has been reviewed to give the reader an overview of the classification systems in thyroid cytology and various entities described therein. The lesions are broadly catego rised as benign, malignant, and indeterminate. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 29, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Priya Bhagwat, Sabine Pomplun Tags: Mini-symposium: endocrine pathology Source Type: research
A morphology-based approach to mesenchymal tumours of the thorax
Primary mesenchymal tumours of the thorax are rare lesions that can pose significant diagnostic difficulties, particularly given the morphological overlap with carcinomas and mesotheliomas that occur much more commonly at these sites. In this article we will discuss a morphology-based approach to assist pathologists when confronted with a possible mesenchymal neoplasm. This will be combined with an overview of the key immunohistochemical and molecular studies that aid diagnosis of the more commonly encountered neoplasms that arise in the thorax. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 27, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Katherine Elizabeth Quiohilag, Carol Kwon, Jonathan GN. Davey, David Andrew Dorward Tags: Mini-symposium: thoracic pathology Source Type: research
Cytomorphological assessment of small cell lung carcinoma in a malignant pleural effusion
We report a case of this in an elderly female patient. Her previous history of ductal breast carcinoma, ovarian serous carcinoma, and non-small cell lung carcinoma prompted several possible differential diagnoses. We discuss the importance of cytology specimens in the diagnosis of lung c arcinomas, and the cytomorphological features of SCLC with their nuances and subtleties. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 27, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Ka Wing Eric Wong, Charlotte Flynn, Terence Gordon Smith, Richard Bishop Tags: Short case Source Type: research
Distinguishing non-small-cell carcinoma from its histological mimics: diagnostic challenges in pulmonary pathology
Pulmonary pathologists often must make a diagnosis based on small specimens derived from aspirated or solid tissue fragments, extracted under radiological guidance, containing limited diagnostic material. This poses a diagnostic challenge. Advances in treatment also demand tissue is analysed for multiple molecular anomalies therefore pathologists must be judicious in their use of ancillary tests such as immunohistochemistry. Whilst the majority of tumours encountered are non-small cell lung carcinomas, the lungs and thorax are a common metastatic site and can display a wide variety of different tumour types. (Source: Diagn...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 24, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Andrew Robinson, Ayesha Azam, David Snead Tags: Mini-symposium: thoracic pathology Source Type: research
Protein-based biomarkers in pulmonary malignancies
Targeted therapies have revolutionised the management of patients with lung cancer over the last 20 years. A crucial role for pulmonary pathologists is to provide high quality and timely analysis of predictive biomarkers that guide the use of these targeted treatments. Protein-based biomarkers, alongside nucleic acid analyses, are mostly used to predict response to therapies that inhibit oncogenic stimulation or utilise immune checkpoint inhi bition. Despite the protein-based mechanism of action of targeted therapies, development of biomarkers for lung cancers have been chiefly focused on genomics. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 22, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Alexander K. Haragan Tags: Mini-symposium: thoracic pathology Source Type: research
Rectal gastric heterotopia with fundic gland polyps, mimicking a high-risk primary anorectal neoplasm: histological evidence of the effects of gastric acid-suppressing medication in a rectal ‘outlet patch’
Gastric heterotopia can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract but is rare in the rectum. This case of rectal gastric heterotopia is novel as the heterotopic mucosa contained fundic gland polyps, and there were histological changes in the gastric glands characteristic of proton pump inhibitor-related changes. These changes included apocrine-like luminal cytoplasmic protrusions in cystically dilated oxyntic gland parietal cells. These are well described in the native stomachs of PPI treated patients, but this is the first report of these changes in heterotopic gastric mucosa to our knowledge. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 17, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Ethan Clarke, Khine Thu, Tim Bracey Tags: Short case Source Type: research
Multinodular goitre: pitfalls in the interpretation of thyroid follicular nodular disease
Thyroid follicular nodular disease (FND), formerly known as multinodular goitre is one of the commonest thyroid pathologies and can show variable clinical presentation and a variety of histopathologic features. The microscopic features of thyroid FND can sometimes mimic those of well-differentiated thyroid malignancies. It is important to recognise this range of appearances to avoid over diagnosis of neoplasia. Macroscopic examination of t hyroid specimens and correlation with microscopic features can be helpful in interpreting nodules with atypical appearances. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 15, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Rashpal Flora, Suchana Mukhopadhyay Tags: Mini-symposium: endocrine pathology Source Type: research
Pitfalls in the interpretation of parathyroid pathology
This article briefly describes the pathology of the parathyroid gland seen commonly in routine practice and the application of recent WHO terminologies in practice. The commonest clinical presentation is hypercalcaemia due to hyperparathyroidism. Diagnosis of parathyroid lesions requires the integration of clinical, biochemical, surgical and histopathological features. MDT discussion and optimized clinical information support the pathological features. Often, histological specimens require a detailed workup including processing the entire gland, further levels and sectioning, and ancillary testing. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 13, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Shonali Natu Tags: Mini-symposium: endocrine pathology Source Type: research
The past, the present and the promising: a report of a rare case of parathyroid carcinoma
We report a case of PTC demonstrating classical lymphovascular invasion, and review how pathologists can confidently and effectively diagnose PTC utilising the correct morphological histopathological featur es, supported by a panel of immunohistochemical stains and ancillary molecular testing. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 13, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Sarah Ruane, Pedro Oliveira Tags: Short case Source Type: research
The application of artificial intelligence to thyroid nodule assessment
Artificial intelligence (AI) is of considerable interest in the healthcare community including its diagnostic applications for thyroid nodules in assisting both radiology and FNA assessment. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) helps distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules and is a crucial step in the initial diagnosis of cancer. The classification of some lesions can be challenging, and the use of AI in some cases may become essential in order not to give an indeterminate result to the lesion. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 6, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Paola Chiara Rizzo, Stefano Marletta, Nicol ò Caldonazzi, Alessia Nottegar, Albino Eccher, Fabio Pagni, Vincenzo L'Imperio, Liron Pantanowitz Tags: Mini-symposium: endocrine pathology Source Type: research
Painting the path to precision: unraveling endocrine tumors with immunohistochemistry
While morphological assessment remains the primary cornerstone in tumor diagnostics, immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses hold immense value in surgical pathology. This is particularly true in endocrine pathology, which encompasses a multitude of tumors from various organs, often presenting with several morphological mimics. In many cases, IHC proves to be invaluable for practicing pathologists in reaching accurate diagnoses. Furthermore, IHC plays a pivotal role in prognosticating endocrine tumors, aiding pathologists in grading and assessing the risk associated with these lesions. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 5, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: L. Samuel Hellgren, C. Christofer Juhlin Tags: Mini-symposium: endocrine pathology Source Type: research
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(Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - March 27, 2024 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
