Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Domestic Dairy Cattle and Cats, United States, 2024
We report highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle and cats in Kansas and Texas, United States, which reflects the continued spread of clade 2.3.4.4b viruses that entered the country in late 2021. Infected cattle experienced nonspecific illness, reduced feed intake and rumination, and an abrupt drop in milk production, but fatal systemic influenza infection developed in domestic cats fed raw (unpasteurized) colostrum and milk from affected cows. Cow-to-cow transmission appears to have occurred because infections were observed in cattle on Michigan, Idaho, and Ohio farms where avian influenza virus-in...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 29, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Eric R Burrough Drew R Magstadt Barbara Petersen Simon J Timmermans Phillip C Gauger Jianqiang Zhang Chris Siepker Marta Mainenti Ganwu Li Alexis C Thompson Patrick J Gorden Paul J Plummer Rodger Main Source Type: research
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Domestic Dairy Cattle and Cats, United States, 2024
We report highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle and cats in Kansas and Texas, United States, which reflects the continued spread of clade 2.3.4.4b viruses that entered the country in late 2021. Infected cattle experienced nonspecific illness, reduced feed intake and rumination, and an abrupt drop in milk production, but fatal systemic influenza infection developed in domestic cats fed raw (unpasteurized) colostrum and milk from affected cows. Cow-to-cow transmission appears to have occurred because infections were observed in cattle on Michigan, Idaho, and Ohio farms where avian influenza virus-in...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 29, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Eric R Burrough Drew R Magstadt Barbara Petersen Simon J Timmermans Phillip C Gauger Jianqiang Zhang Chris Siepker Marta Mainenti Ganwu Li Alexis C Thompson Patrick J Gorden Paul J Plummer Rodger Main Source Type: research
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians-Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 May;30(5):854-863. doi: 10.3201/eid3005.231647.ABSTRACTCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tickborne infection that can range from asymptomatic to fatal and has been described in >30 countries. Early identification and isolation of patients with suspected or confirmed CCHF and the use of appropriate prevention and control measures are essential for preventing human-to-human transmission. Here, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, and prevention and control of CCHF. CCHF poses a continued public health threat given its wide geographic distribution, potential to spr...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Maria G Frank Gretchen Weaver Vanessa Raabe State of the Clinical Science Working Group of the National Emerging Pathogens Training Education Center ’s Special Pathogens Research Network2 State of the Clinical Science Working Group of the National Emerg Source Type: research
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians-Diagnosis, Clinical Management, and Therapeutics
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 May;30(5):864-873. doi: 10.3201/eid3005.231648.ABSTRACTCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the most geographically widespread tickborne viral infection worldwide and has a fatality rate of up to 62%. Despite its widespread range and high fatality rate, no vaccines or treatments are currently approved by regulatory agencies in the United States or Europe. Supportive treatment remains the standard of care, but the use of antiviral medications developed for other viral infections have been considered. We reviewed published literature to summarize the main aspects of CCHFV infection in human...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Maria G Frank Gretchen Weaver Vanessa Raabe State of the Clinical Science Working Group of the National Emerging Pathogens Training Education Center ’s Special Pathogens Research Network2 State of the Clinical Science Working Group of the National Emerg Source Type: research
Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Kakuma Refugee Camp Complex, Kenya, 2020-2021 < sup > 1 < /sup >
We describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Kakuma Refugee Camp Complex, Kenya. We performed descriptive analyses of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the camp and surrounding community during March 16, 2020‒December 31, 2021. We identified cases in accordance with national guidelines.We estimated fatality ratios and attack rates over time using locally weighted scatterplot smoothing for refugees, host community members, and national population. Of the 18,864 SARS-CoV-2 tests performed, 1,024 were positive, collected from 664 refugees and 360 host community members. Attack rates were 325.0/100,000 population (CFR 2.9%)...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Maurice Ope Raymond Musyoka John Kiogora Jesse Wambugu Elizabeth Hunsperger Gideon O Emukule Peninah Munyua Bonaventure Juma Elizabeth Simiyu Levan Gagnidze John Burton Rachel B Eidex Source Type: research
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians-Virology, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 May;30(5):847-853. doi: 10.3201/eid3005.231646.ABSTRACTCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by CCHF virus, is a tickborne disease that can cause a range of illness outcomes, from asymptomatic infection to fatal viral hemorrhagic fever; the disease has been described in >30 countries. We conducted a literature review to provide an overview of the virology, pathogenesis, and pathology of CCHF for clinicians. The virus life cycle and molecular interactions are complex and not fully described. Although pathogenesis and immunobiology are not yet fully understood, it is clear that multiple pro...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Maria G Frank Gretchen Weaver Vanessa Raabe State of the Clinical Science Working Group of the National Emerging Pathogens Training and Education Center ’s Special Pathogens Research Network Source Type: research
Identifying Contact Time Required for Secondary Transmission of Clostridioides difficile Infections by Using Real-Time Locating System
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 May;30(5):908-915. doi: 10.3201/eid3005.231588.ABSTRACTConsidering patient room shortages and prevalence of other communicable diseases, reassessing the isolation of patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is imperative. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the secondary CDI transmission rate in a hospital in South Korea, where patients with CDI were not isolated. Using data from a real-time locating system and electronic medical records, we investigated patients who had both direct and indirect contact with CDI index patients. The primary outcome was secondary CDI transmi...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Min Hyung Kim Jaewoong Kim Heejin Ra Sooyeon Jeong Yoon Soo Park Dongju Won Hyukmin Lee Heejung Kim Source Type: research
Coccidioidomycosis-Related Hospital Visits, Texas, USA, 2016-2021
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 May;30(5):882-889. doi: 10.3201/eid3005.231624.ABSTRACTWe analyzed hospital discharge records of patients with coccidioidomycosis-related codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification, to estimate the prevalence of hospital visits associated with the disease in Texas, USA. Using Texas Health Care Information Collection data for 2016-2021, we investigated the demographic characteristics and geographic distribution of the affected population, assessed prevalence of hospital visits for coccidioidomycosis, and examined how prevalence varied by demographic a...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Heather Mayfield Vanora Davila Elena Penedo Source Type: research
Congenital Syphilis Prevention Challenges, Pacific Coast of Colombia, 2018-2022
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 May;30(5):890-899. doi: 10.3201/eid3005.231273.ABSTRACTHigh incidences of congenital syphilis have been reported in areas along the Pacific coast of Colombia. In this retrospective study, conducted during 2018-2022 at a public hospital in Buenaventura, Colombia, we analyzed data from 3,378 pregnant women. The opportunity to prevent congenital syphilis was missed in 53.1% of mothers because of the lack of syphilis screening. Characteristics of higher maternal social vulnerability and late access to prenatal care decreased the probability of having >1 syphilis screening test, thereby increasing the ...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jose F Fuertes-Bucheli Diana P Buenaventura-Alegr ía Adriana M Rivas-Mina Robinson Pacheco-L ópez Source Type: research
Case Series of Jamestown Canyon Virus Infections with Neurologic Outcomes, Canada, 2011-2016
We describe a case series of confirmed JCV-mediated neuroinvasive disease among persons from the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec, and Nova Scotia, Canada, during 2011-2016. We highlight the case definitions, epidemiology, unique features and clinical manifestations, disease seasonality, and outcomes for those cases. Two of the patients (from Quebec and Nova Scotia) might have acquired JCV infections during travel to the northeastern region of the United States. This case series collectively demonstrates JCV's wide distribution and indicates the need for increased awareness of JCV as the underlying cause of m...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Vanessa Meier-Stephenson Michael A Drebot Kristina Dimitrova Melanie DiQuinzio Kevin Fonseca David Forrest Todd Hatchette Muhammad Morshed Glen Patriquin Guillaume Poliquin Lynora Saxinger Bouchra Serhir Raymond Tellier Christian Therrien Linda Vrbova Hei Source Type: research
Cross-Sectional Study of Q Fever Seroprevalence among Blood Donors, Israel, 2021
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 May;30(5):941-946. doi: 10.3201/eid3005.230645.ABSTRACTWe evaluated Q fever prevalence in blood donors and assessed the epidemiologic features of the disease in Israel in 2021. We tested serum samples for Coxeilla burnetii phase I and II IgG using immunofluorescent assay, defining a result of >200 as seropositive. We compared geographic and demographic data. We included 1,473 participants; 188 (12.7%) were seropositive. The calculated sex- and age-adjusted national seroprevalence was 13.9% (95% CI 12.2%-15.7%). Male sex and age were independently associated with seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 1.6...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Nesrin Ghanem-Zoubi Yafit Atiya-Nasagi Evgeniy Stoyanov Moran Szwarcwort Basel Darawsha Mical Paul Eilat Shinar Source Type: research
Kinetics of Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Asymptomatic Persons
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 May;30(5):934-940. doi: 10.3201/eid3005.231764.ABSTRACTTo determine the kinetics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in asymptomatic persons and to evaluate viral load doubling time and half-life, we retrospectively tested samples retained from 32 HEV RNA-positive asymptomatic blood donors in Germany. Close-meshed monitoring of viral load and seroconversion in intervals of ≈4 days provided more information about the kinetics of asymptomatic HEV infections. We determined that a typical median infection began with PCR-detectable viremia at 36 days and a maximum viral load of 2.0 × 104 IU/mL. Viremia doubled ...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ricarda Pl ümers Jens Dreier Cornelius Knabbe Eike Steinmann Daniel Todt Tanja Vollmer Source Type: research
Reemergence of Bordetella parapertussis, United States, 2019-2023
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 May;30(5):1058-1060. doi: 10.3201/eid3005.231278.ABSTRACTTo determine changes in Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis detection rates, we analyzed 1.43 million respiratory multiplex PCR test results from US facilities from 2019 through mid-2023. From mid-2022 through mid-2023, Bordetella spp. detection increased 8.5-fold; 95% of detections were B. parapertussis. While B. parapertussis rates increased, B. pertussis rates decreased.PMID:38666607 | DOI:10.3201/eid3005.231278 (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Brooklyn A Noble Sarah S Jiudice Jay D Jones Tristan T Timbrook Source Type: research
Antimicrobial Resistance as Risk Factor for Recurrent Bacteremia after Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Klebsiella spp. Community-Onset Bacteremia
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 May;30(5):974-983. doi: 10.3201/eid3005.231555.ABSTRACTWe investigated links between antimicrobial resistance in community-onset bacteremia and 1-year bacteremia recurrence by using the clinical data warehouse of Europe's largest university hospital group in France. We included adult patients hospitalized with an incident community-onset Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Klebsiella spp. bacteremia during 2017-2019. We assessed risk factors of 1-year recurrence using Fine-Gray regression models. Of the 3,617 patients included, 291 (8.0%) had >1 recurrence episode. Third-generation cephalo...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Salam Abbara Didier Guillemot David R M Smith Salma El Oualydy Maeva Kos C écile Poret St éphane Breant Christian Brun-Buisson Laurence Watier Source Type: research
Economic Burden of Acute Gastroenteritis among Members of Integrated Healthcare Delivery System, United States, 2014-2016
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 May;30(5):968-973. doi: 10.3201/eid3005.230356.ABSTRACTWe conducted a large surveillance study among members of an integrated healthcare delivery system in Pacific Northwest of the United States to estimate medical costs attributable to medically attended acute gastroenteritis (MAAGE) on the day care was sought and during 30-day follow-up. We used multivariable regression to compare costs of MAAGE and non-MAAGE cases matched on age, gender, and index time. Differences accounted for confounders, including race, ethnicity, and history of chronic underlying conditions. Analyses included 73,140 MAAGE epi...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: John F Dickerson Suzanne B Salas Judy Donald Holly C Groom Mi H Lee Claire P Mattison Aron J Hall Mark A Schmidt Source Type: research
