Mechanisms of Bacterial Drug Resistance with Special Emphasis on Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase
New Microbiol. 2024 May;47(1):1-14.ABSTRACTAntibiotics are designed to effectively treat bacterial infections while minimizing harm to the human body. They work by targeting specific components of bacteria or by disrupting essential processes such as cell wall synthesis, membrane function, protein production, and metabolic pathways. However, the misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of drug resistance in humans, animals, and agriculture, contributing to the global spread of this problem. Drug resistance can be either innate or acquired, with acquired resistance involving changes in the bacterial chrom...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Daniel Geleta Gemeda Abebe Bikila Alemu Netsanet Workneh Getenet Beyene Source Type: research
Long COVID: lights and shadows on the clinical characterization of this emerging pathology
New Microbiol. 2024 May;47(1):15-27.ABSTRACTMore than 800 million individuals have contracted SARSCOV2 infection worldwide. It was estimated that almost 10-20% of these might suffer from Long COVID. It is a multisystemic syndrome, which negatively affects the quality of life with a significant burden of health loss compared to COVID negative individuals. Moreover, the risk of sequelae still remains high at 2 years in both nonhospitalized and hospitalized individuals. This review summarizes studies regarding long COVID and clarifies the definitions, the risk factors and the management of this syndrome. Finally, it delves in...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Viola Cogliandro Paolo Bonfanti Source Type: research
Epidemiology and Clinical impact of single and multi-viral respiratory infections in post-pandemic era
This study aimed to explore the prevalence of respiratory viruses and the clinical impact of single- and multi-infection among hospitalized patients in various age groups. 3578 nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) were analyzed for pathogen detection of acute respiratory tract infections. 930 out of 3578 NPS were diagnosed positive for at least one respiratory virus. The distribution of viral infections, prevalence and pathogen, differed significantly among age groups. Most RTI are observed in the age group over 65 years (50.6%) with a high SARS-CoV2 prevalence, following by group <5 years (25.6%), where the most frequently detec...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Maria Vittoria Mauro Sonia Greco Maura Pellegrini Tommaso Campagna Federica Caprino Nadia Elia Antonio Mastroianni Francesca Greco Source Type: research
Evaluation of the Pneumonia Panel on laboratory samples from an Italian pediatric center: results from a monocentric study
New Microbiol. 2024 May;47(1):33-37.ABSTRACTLower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are still burdened by considerable morbidity and mortality. Rapid and appropriate treatment imply knowledge of the underlying causative pathogen; while it is tempting to offer broad spectrum antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices invite a judicious use of the latter, especially when bacteria are not the cause. However, the epidemiology shifts to multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens that require optimization of molecules in order to provide optimal treatment. Novel methods requiring direct sample result testing such as the Biofire...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cristiana de Luca Emanuela Gallo Gabriella Tripepi Ornella Leone Source Type: research
In vitro analysis of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in different pig cell types
This study aims to evaluate PERVs distribution in several swine cell lines and samples of domestic and feral pigs. Moreover, the capacity of PERVs to infect human and non-human primate cells and to integrate in the cellular genome was tested by Real-Time PCR and by Reverse Transcriptase assay. Results indicated a widespread diffusion of PERVs both in cell lines and samples analysed: the viral genome was found in all the established cell lines, in 40% of the primary cell lines and in 60% of the tissue samples tested. The assays indicated that the virus can be transmitted from porcine to human cells: in the specific case, in...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andrea Cacciamali Silvia Dotti Riccardo Villa Source Type: research
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in the treatment of COVID-19: Evaluation of 78 patients
New Microbiol. 2024 May;47(1):47-51.ABSTRACTOne of the drugs that has been suggested for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection is tenofovir disoproxil (TDF). Herein, it was aimed to evaluate the outcomes of TDF receiving COVID-19 cases in terms of day 7-10 PCR negativity and day 30 survival. Patients who received TDF due to PCR-confirmed COVID-19 between 27.04.2021 and 31.12.2021 were included in our study. The primary outcome was considered to be 7-10 days of PCR negativity, while the secondary outcome was considered 30-day survival after diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients who died before completing the treatment period (7-1...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gamze Şanlıdağ İşbilen Isabel Raika Durusoy Onmu ş Ilkin Çankayalı Kubilay Demira ğ Mehmet Uyar Candan Çiçek Tansu Yamazhan H üsnü Pullukçu O ğuz Reşat Sipahi Source Type: research
Comparison of Whole Blood and Plasma for Monitoring Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus
New Microbiol. 2024 May;47(1):52-59.ABSTRACTMonitoring Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after transplantation is recommended to enable preemptive therapy. However, the most suitable sample type remains unclear. Patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell or liver transplantation were included in this study. Viral loads in sequential whole-blood and plasma samples were retrospectively analyzed. EBV DNA was detected more frequently in whole blood (55%) than in plasma (18%). The detection rate of CMV DNA was similar between the two sample types. The correlation of viral loads between the two sam...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yuto Fukuda Yuka Torii Ken-Ichi Iwata Kazunori Haruta Makoto Yamaguchi Takako Suzuki Atsushi Narita Hideki Muramatsu Yasuhiro Ogura Yoshiyuki Takahashi Yoshinori Ito Jun-Ichi Kawada Source Type: research
Coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus increases IFN- λ1 and CXCL10 expression in human primary bronchial epithelial cells
In conclusion, our study revealed that two important cytokines, IFN-λ1 and CXCL10, exhibited increased expression during coinfection.PMID:38700885 (Source: New Microbiologica)
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nipaporn Sankuntaw Nuntaya Punyadee Wasun Chantratita Viraphong Lulitanond Source Type: research
A new intestinal supplement 'Synbiotics' therapeutically regulates gut microbiota and activates PPARs pathway to inhibit Alzheimer's disease progression in mouse models
New Microbiol. 2024 May;47(1):68-79.ABSTRACTWe aimed to investigate the role of Synbiotic preparations on the interaction of gut microbiota with AD development. APP/PS1 mice were randomized into APP/PS1 and Synbiotics groups, and C57BL/6J mice were used as wild type (WT) control group. The mice in the Synbiotics group and the APP/PS1 group were given Synbiotics and xylo-oligosaccharides for 3 months, respectively. The mice in the WT group were given the same amount of normal saline. Cognitive function was measured. Positron emission computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) was used to detect fasting blood g...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yanan Tong Guoxiu Lu Jia Guo Miao Liu Yinxing Dai Jinxin Zhang Xinru Xu Zhiguo Wang Guoxu Zhang Source Type: research
Epidemiology and molecular characterization of respiratory viruses at the end of COVID-19 pandemic in Lombardy, Northern Italy
New Microbiol. 2024 May;47(1):80-87.ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic forced the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) which influenced the circulation of other respiratory pathogens, such as Influenza virus (FLU), Parainfluenza virus (PIV), Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV), Rhinovirus (RV), Enterovirus (EV), Adenovirus (AdV), Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), and Human Coronavirus (CoV). The aim of the current study was to investigate how, with the end of the pandemic, the withdrawal of the NPIs impacted on the circulation and distribution of common respiratory viruses. The analyzed samples were collected from June...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Leonardo Sclavi Marta Bertelli Serena Messali Arnaldo Caruso Francesca Caccuri Source Type: research
High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus Genotype Distribution and Correlation with Cervical Cytomorphological Data in Turkish and Immigrant Women in Mersin Province
New Microbiol. 2024 May;47(1):88-97.ABSTRACTHuman papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral agent in the world and the most common cause of cervical cancer. HPV prevalence and genotype distribution vary by region and demographic data. In a province in the south of Turkey that constantly receives immigration, we aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes, evaluate the compatibility between cervical Pap smear cytology results patients and HR-HPVs, and make an up-to-date contribution to the elucidation of epidemiological data. In this single-centre study, a total of 12,641 ...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Murat Yaman Hacer Ece Arslan Özcan Ayfer Bakir Source Type: research
Analysis of cases with co-infection of COVID-19 and pulmonary aspergillosis
This study included 201 COVID-19 patients from December 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023; 7 (3.5%) were diagnosed with CAPA. The main risk factors were age, MV, ICU admission and COPD, and the presence of comorbidities such as ARDS and hypoproteinemia in COVID-19 patients, more susceptible to Aspergillus infection. In addition to specimen culture in the lower respiratory tract, the 1,3-β-D-glucan antigen test can serve as an important screening indicator for early CAPA diagnosis in non-granulocytopenia patients.PMID:38700889 (Source: New Microbiologica)
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hui Zheng Hu Li Bo Wu Qian Liu Bin Yan Wu Yu Wang Rui Ying Wang Source Type: research
The presence of Trichomonas vaginalis in urogenital samples can affect the sensitivity of Mycoplasma hominis identification techniques, leading to an underestimation of bacterial infections
New Microbiol. 2024 May;47(1):103-106.ABSTRACTTrichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis, two microorganisms causing infections of the urogenital tract, are closely associated in that they establish an endosymbiosis relationship, the only case among human pathogens. As a result, the presence of one microorganism may be considered a sign that the other is present as well. Identification of the two pathogens in clinical samples is based on cultivation techniques on specific media, even though in recent years, new sensitive and rapid molecular techniques have become. Here, we demonstrate that the concomitant presence of T.v...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Valentina Margarita Gavino Carboni Pier Luigi Fiori Paola Rappelli Source Type: research
Evaluation of an automated rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ASTar, Q-linea AB) applied directly on blood cultures bottles positive for Gram-negative pathogens
New Microbiol. 2024 May;47(1):107-110.ABSTRACTWe evaluated the performance of a new rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test (ASTar; Q-linea AB) on Gram-negative bacilli, directly from positive blood cultures bottles. MIC values obtained by the routine reference method (Microscan, Beckman Coulter) were compared to the ones provided by the tested method (ASTar). ASTar demonstrated an overall essential agreement of 98% and a category agreement of 96.1%. The overall rate of major errors and very major errors was 2.5% and 3.3%, respectively. ASTar can represent a rapid, simple, and reliable method to speed up informa...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Isabella Banchini Eva Caterina Borgatti Claudio Foschi Tiziana Lazzarotto Simone Ambretti Source Type: research
Lamivudine plus dolutegravir as a switch strategy in children: three case reports
We present three case reports of three children enrolled in the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children: a 9-year-old boy, a 10-year-old girl, and a 2-year-old girl with perinatally acquired HIV who immediately started antiretroviral therapy with a three-drug regimen upon diagnosis, which occurred at delivery, after 6 months of life, and after 2 years of life, respectively. They achieved and maintain virological suppression after 1, 6, and 7 months of therapy, respectively; then a switch strategy was performed with a two-drug regimen with DTG/3TC STR at the age of 7 years for the first child and at the age of 9 year...
Source: New Microbiologica - May 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Laura Labate Claudia Bartalucci Lucia Taramasso Giorgia Brucci Antonio Vena Matteo Bassetti Antonio Di Biagio Source Type: research
