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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 26.

No Adverse Reactions To Single Dose Influenza Vaccine In Children Allergic To Egg
Egg allergic children, including those with a history of anaphylaxis to egg, can safely receive a single dose of the seasonal influenza vaccine, according to a new study from the University of Michigan. Historically, the CDC recommended that the seasonal influenza vaccine not be administered to egg allergic children. Recent research conducted at the University of Michigan, and elsewhere, helped modify this recommendation in 2011 so that caution was warranted for only those with severe egg allergy...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - January 23, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Allergy Source Type: news

Undervaccinated children have better health
The controversy about the efficiency and necessity of vaccines is well known. While conventional medicine advocates the use of vaccines, it also ignores the variety of toxic substances that vaccines contain and compromise the immunological responses. At the same time...
Source: NaturalNews.com - January 23, 2013 Category: Consumer Health Advice Source Type: news

The molecular adjuvant mC3d enhances the immunogenicity of FimA from type I fimbriae of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.
CONCLUSION: We conclude that mC3d can be expressed in a prokaryotic vector and enhance the immune response of the recombinant protein. FimA-mC3d(3) is potentially a subunit vaccine against S. enterica serovar Enteritidis infection. PMID: 23352331 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection - January 23, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Musa HH, Zhang WJ, Lv J, Duan XL, Yang Y, Zhu CH, Li HF, Chen KW, Meng X, Zhu GQ Tags: J Microbiol Immunol Infect Source Type: research

RE: Letter to the editor on "Alemtuzumab induction in renal transplantation: A meta-analysis and systemic review"
PMID: 23352934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Transplant Immunology - January 23, 2013 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Zhang X, Wang L Tags: Transpl Immunol Source Type: research

Systematic reviews of alemtuzumab in renal transplantation.
PMID: 23352935 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Transplant Immunology - January 23, 2013 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: O'Callaghan JM, Morgan RD, Knight SR, Morris PJ Tags: Transpl Immunol Source Type: research

Inhibitory effects of epi-sesamin on HMGB1-induced vascular barrier disruptive responses in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract Nuclear DNA-binding protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein acts as a late mediator of severe vascular inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis and septic shock. Epi-sesamin (ESM), an important component of Asarum sieboldii roots, is known to exhibit anti-allergic, anti-nociceptive, and anti-fungal effects. However, little is known of its effects on HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses. Here, we investigated this issue by monitoring the effects of ESM on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cecal ligation and the puncture (CLP)-mediated release of HMGB1, and on modulation of HMGB1-mediated inflammatory re...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - January 23, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lee W, Ku SK, Kim JA, Lee T, Bae JS Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Sensitizing capacity and allergenicity of enzymatically cross-linked sodium caseinate in comparison to sodium caseinate in a mouse model for cow's milk allergy.
Abstract A transglutaminase cross-linked caseinate was designed for use in dairy products to increase the viscosity of food matrices. The difference in structure of cross-linked caseinate might have implications for the risk of developing cow's milk allergy. The sensitizing capacity and the allergenicity (the potency to induce an allergic effector response) of cross-linked sodium caseinate was investigated using a mouse model for cow's milk allergy. Mice were orally sensitized with cross-linked caseinate or caseinate using cholera toxin as adjuvant. Anaphylactic shock reactions, change in body temperature, acute al...
Source: Toxicology Letters - January 23, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: van Esch BC, Hest MG, Westerbeek H, Garssen J Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Oral administration of Ag suppresses Ag-induced allergic conjunctivitis in mice: critical timing and dose of Ag.
CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic and early therapeutic treatment of OVA feeding suppressed EAC. Both high and low doses of oral OVA induced oral tolerance but with different mechanisms. PMID: 23343653 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology - January 23, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ishida W, Fukuda K, Harada Y, Sumi T, Taguchi O, Tsuda M, Yagita H, Fukushima A Tags: Br J Ophthalmol Source Type: research

Should antihistamines be re-considered as antiasthmatic drugs as adjuvants to anti-leukotrienes?
Abstract In spite of histamine mimicking the symptoms of allergic bronchoconstriction and severe anaphylaxis, histamine antagonists most probably represent no effective treatment for these conditions. Anti-leukotrienes proved effective for preventing attacks of allergic asthma. In vitro evidence supports a supra-additive effect of histamine H(1) receptor antagonists and anti-leukotrienes in vitro, in asthma models utilizing human bronchi. The same seems to hold true for human allergen provocation tests in vivo. We conclude that combinations of second-generation antihistamines and anti-leukotrienes deserve a large-s...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - January 23, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Bartho L, Benko R Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Paraquat-Induced Retinal Degeneration Is Exaggerated in CX3CR1-Deficient Mice and Is Associated with Increased Retinal Inflammation [Immunology and Microbiology]
Conclusions. Our results suggest that the CX3CR1 signaling pathway may play an important role in controlling retinal inflammation under oxidative and ischemia/reperfusion conditions. In the absence of CX3CR1, uncontrolled retinal inflammation results in exaggerated retinal degeneration.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 23, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Chen, M., Luo, C., Penalva, R., Xu, H. Tags: Immunology and Microbiology Source Type: research

Limitations of the study "Cost-effectiveness of tick-borne encephalitis vaccination in Slovenian adults"
PMID: 23352724 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Vaccine - January 23, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kos M, Locatelli I Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

Molecular cloning and characterization of Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) gene from shrimp Penaeus monodon exposed to salinity stress.
Abstract Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP), a protein present ubiquitously in wide range of organisms play significant role in transport of acyl groups for macromolecular biosynthesis involved in various functional and regulatory processes. In crustaceans, ACBP has functional role in growth, reproduction and temperature tolerance. In the present study, two suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries were performed using gut tissues of shrimp Penaeus monodon exposed to low (3ppt) and high (55ppt) salinity stress conditions. SSH library resulted in identification of differentially expressed genes that be...
Source: Developmental and Comparative Immunology - January 23, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kiruthika J, Rajesh S, Ponniah AG, Shekhar MS Tags: Dev Comp Immunol Source Type: research

Shotgun proteomics of coelomic fluid from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
Abstract The purple sea urchin has a complex immune system that is likely mediated by gene expression in coelomocytes (blood cells). A broad array of potential immune receptors and immune response proteins has been deduced from their gene models. Here we use shotgun mass spectrometry to describe 307 proteins with possible immune function in sea urchins including proteins involved in the complement pathway and numerous SRCRs. The relative abundance of dual oxidase 1, ceruloplasmin, ferritin and transferrin suggests the production of reactive oxygen species in coelomocytes and the sequestration of iron. Proteins such...
Source: Developmental and Comparative Immunology - January 23, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Dheilly NM, Raftos DA, Haynes PA, Courtney Smith L, Nair SV Tags: Dev Comp Immunol Source Type: research

Beyond pattern recognition: NOD-like receptors in dendritic cells.
Abstract Innate instruction of adaptive immunity was proposed more than 20 years ago as a mechanism by which long-lived lymphocyte responses are targeted to appropriate antigens. At the time Charles Janeway proposed this theory, most of the innate immune receptors were unknown, and the pivotal role of the dendritic cell in instructing T cell priming was debated. There is now overwhelming evidence that the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system must interact to generate immunity. Much of this work has focused on families of innate immune receptors called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on dendritic c...
Source: Trends in Immunology - January 23, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Krishnaswamy JK, Chu T, Eisenbarth SC Tags: Trends Immunol Source Type: research

mTOR, linking metabolism and immunity.
Abstract mTOR is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays a critical role in cell growth and metabolism by sensing different environmental cues. There is a growing appreciation of mTOR in immunology for its role in integrating diverse signals from the immune microenvironment and coordinating the functions of immune cells and their metabolism. In CD8 T cells, mTOR has shown to influence cellular commitment to effector versus memory programming; in CD4 T cells, mTOR integrates environmental cues that instruct effector cell differentiation. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - January 23, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xu X, Ye L, Araki K, Ahmed R Tags: Semin Immunol Source Type: research

The self-reported density of truck traffic on residential streets and the impact on asthma, hay fever and eczema in young adolescents.
CONCLUSION: The findings suggest an aggravating effect of truck traffic on current asthma symptoms, but not on asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema diagnoses. It seems that it probably has an impact as a direct respiratory irritant in early adolescence. PMID: 23352596 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia - January 23, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Vlaski E, Stavric K, Seckova L, Kimovska Hristova M, Isjanovska R Tags: Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) Source Type: research

Tau protein levels in children do not increase during severe asthma attack-induced hypoxic conditions.
PMID: 23352597 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia - January 23, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hasegawa S, Wakiguchi H, Hirano R, Okazaki F, Kudo K, Ichiyama T Tags: Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) Source Type: research

GERI-DRYL ALLERGY RELIEF (Diphenhydramine Hcl) Tablet, Coated [Geri-Care Pharmaceutical Corp]
Updated Date: Jan 23, 2013 EST
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - January 23, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Immunodeficiency in patients with 49,XXXXY chromosomal variation
Abstract Boys affected with 49,XXXXY sex chromosomal variation have been described to have high incidence of recurrent otitis media and asthma, the cause of which is unknown. We hypothesized that primary immunodeficiency occurs in patients with XXXXY aneuploidy. To investigate this, 31 boys with known 49,XXXXY were evaluated through a multidisciplinary clinic. Screening history was performed using the “10 Warning Signs of primary immunodeficiency” (Jeffrey Modell Foundation), as well as by history of atopic and autoimmune conditions. Of the 31 boys, 20 had at least two warning signs of primary immunodeficiency, and fiv...
Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics - January 23, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Michael D. Keller, Teresa Sadeghin, Carole Samango‐Sprouse, Jordan S. Orange Tags: Article Source Type: research

NIH-developed candidate dengue vaccine shows promise in early-stage trial
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A candidate dengue vaccine developed by scientists at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has been found to be safe and to stimulate a strong immune response in most vaccine recipients, according to results from an early-stage clinical trial sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the NIH. The trial results were published online on Jan. 17 in the Journal of Infectious Diseases.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - January 23, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Neuromyositis Associated with Cytomegalovirus Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies-Associated Vasculitis
Viral Immunology , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: Viral Immunology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: article Source Type: research

Digital Games: Learning through Play
The Horizon Report, the go-to guide for emerging educational technology published by the New Media Consortium (www.nmc.org/horizon), projected in 2005 that educational gaming would become a significant learning tool within two or three years. The 2008 report identifies game play as one of the seven metatrends that continue to affect pedagogy, evolving to include virtual worlds, augmented reality, and massive multiplayer modes. Yet there are still those who consider electronic games mindless entertainment that fails to confer academic benefits. Eric Klopfer, winner of the 2008 AIBS Education Award, directs the Scheller Teac...
Source: Eye on Education - January 22, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Oksana Hlodan Source Type: news

Mild Improvement in Symptoms and Pulmonary Function in a Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Toluene Diisocyanate-Induced Asthma
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;161:189–194 (DOI:10.1159/000338993)
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Phenotypic Correlations between Monocytes and CD4+ T Cells in Allergic Patients
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;161:131–141 (DOI:10.1159/000343687)
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Characterization of Candidate Anti-Allergic Probiotic Strains in a Model of Th2-Skewed Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;161:142–154 (DOI:10.1159/000343703)
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Bed Bug Saliva Causes Release of Monocytic Inflammatory Mediators: Plausible Cause of Cutaneous Bite Reactions
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;161:127–130 (DOI:10.1159/000345134)
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Different Frequencies of Tc17/Tc1 and Th17/Th1 Cells in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;161:155–162 (DOI:10.1159/000345401)
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Children with egg allergies can safely receive flu vaccine, multi-center study finds
Egg allergic children, including those with a history of anaphylaxis to egg, can safely receive a single dose of the seasonal influenza vaccine, according to a new study.
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - January 22, 2013 Category: Science Source Type: news

Index
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Preface
Asthma is one of the most common diseases seen by physicians in the field of allergy and immunology. Although this diagnosis is often solely made on a clinical basis, particularly by primary care physicians, objective confirmation is frequently obtained by evaluating for bronchodilator reversibility or bronchial hyperreactivity. In most cases, an initial clinical suspicion for asthma is correct.
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Eugene M. Choo Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Contents
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Contributors
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Novel factors interfering with human immunodeficiency virus‐type 1 replication in vivo and in vitro
Abstract The strategy of all retroviral infections is based on establishing an equilibrium between virus replication and proviral latency in the infected host. The human immunodeficiency virus‐type 1 (HIV‐1), belonging to the subfamily of lentiviridae, adds an additional level of sophistication to this general rule by encoding two regulatory genes (tat and rev) and four accessory genes (nef, vif, vpr and vpu); HIV‐2, structurally similar to HIV‐1 but characterized by lower pathogenicity in vivo, encodes another accessory gene, vpx. The function of these accessory genes has become clear in recent years: they serve a...
Source: Tissue Antigens - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: E. Vicenzi, G. Poli Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Finding On Killer Cells Opens New Avenue For Combating AIDS, Cancer And Other Diseases
A research team led by the La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology has discovered the mechanism that enables CD4 helper T cells to assume the more aggressive role of killer T cells in mounting an immune attack against viruses, cancerous tumors and other damaged or infected cells. The finding, made in collaboration with researchers from the RIKEN Institute in Japan, could enable the development of more potent drugs for AIDS, cancer and many other diseases based on using this mechanism to trigger larger armies of killer T cells against infected or damaged cells...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - January 22, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Immune System / Vaccines Source Type: news

Mature T Cells Can Switch Function To Better Tackle Infection
The fate of mature T lymphocytes might be a lot more flexible than previously thought. New research from the RIKEN Center for Allergy and Immunology (RCAI) in Japan and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI) in the USA shows for the first time that mature CD4+ helper T lymphocytes can be re-programed to become killer-like CD8+ T lymphocytes and gain killing functions. The findings are reported in the journal Nature Immunology, by a team of researchers led by Ichiro Taniuchi from RIKEN and Hilde Cheroutre from La Jolla...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - January 22, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Immune System / Vaccines Source Type: news

Update On The Principles And Novel Local And Systemic Therapies For The Treatment Of Non-Infectious Uveitis.
Abstract Ocular inflammatory disorders constitute a sight-threatening group of diseases that might be managed according to their severity. Their treatment guidelines experience constant changes with new agents that improve the results obtained with former drugs. Nowadays we can make use of a five step protocol in which topical, periocular and systemic corticosteroids remain as the main therapy for non-infectious uveitis. In addition, immunosuppresive drugs can be added in order to enhance the anti-inflammatory effects and to play the role of corticosteroid-sparing agents. These can be organized in four other steps:...
Source: Inflammation and Allergy Drug Targets - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gallego-Pinazo R, Dolz-Marco R, Martínez-Castillo S, Arévalo JF, Díaz-Llopis M Tags: Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets Source Type: research

Prevention of Allergic Rhinitis by Aldose Reductase Inhibition in a Murine Model.
Conclusion: These results indicate an important role of AR in the mediation of RWE-induced allergic rhinitis in mice and prevention by AR inhibitor, fidarestat offers a novel therapeutic approach to ameliorate allergic rhinitis. PMID: 23360251 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Inflammation and Allergy Drug Targets - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yadav UC, Mishra R, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Sur S, Bolodgh I, Ramana KV, Srivatsava SK Tags: Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets Source Type: research

Intravenous Immunoglobulın Therapy in Dermatology: An Update.
Abstract Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a fractioned blood product consisting of IgG antibodies which was first used in antibody deficiency disorders. It is increasingly being used for several inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. IVIG can also be used in a wide range of dermatological diseases which are difficult to treat including autoimmune bullous skin diseases and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The use of IVIG in dermatological disorders is discussed in this article. PMID: 23360252 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Inflammation and Allergy Drug Targets - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Cakmak SK, Cakmak A, Gönül M, Kılıç A, Gül U Tags: Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets Source Type: research

C16 peptide shown to prevent leukocyte infiltration and alleviate detrimental inflammation in acute allergic encephalomyelitis model.
Abstract Integrins are important adhesion receptors for leukocytes binding to endothelial cellular adhesion molecules. Previous studies have suggested that blocking relevant integrins might prevent leukocyte infiltration and suppress clinical and pathological features of neuroinflammatory disease. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of Multiple sclerosis (MS), is characterized by chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system in which circulating leukocytes enter the brain and spinal cord leading to inflammation, myelin damage and subsequent paralysis. To prove this hypothes...
Source: Neuropharmacology - January 22, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fang M, Sun Y, Hu Z, Yang J, Davies H, Wang B, Ling S, Han S Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Desensitization of allergy to human insulin and its analogs by administering insulin aspart and insulin glargine.
We report a 51-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes who required multiple daily insulin injections. The patient developed allergy to human regular insulin and insulin analogs (insulin aspart and insulin glargine), which was resolved by subcutaneous insulin desensitization. PMID: 23351561 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Annales d'Endocrinologie - January 22, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Wu P, Ji C, Wang M, Zou S, Ge W Tags: Ann Endocrinol (Paris) Source Type: research

Treatment of Foot Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Response and Correction of Immunological Anomalies.
This study was designed to evaluate the distribution of Tregs/Th17/Th1 cells in type 2 diabetic patients with foot disease before and after human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell (hUCB-MSCs) transplantation. Fifteen diabetic patients with foot disease under insulin therapy received hUCB-MSC transplantation. The hUCB-MSCs were directly injected into the quadriceps thigh muscles in patients with foot disease (cell quantity at 2×106 per point). Physical attributes, blood cytokines, blood glucose and insulin dosage were evaluated before treatment and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks thereafter. The ratios of Treg/Th17, Treg...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - January 22, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Li XY, Zheng ZH, Li XY, Guo J, Zhang Y, Li H, Wang YW, Ren J, Wu ZB Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Retargeting of regulatory T cells to surface-inducible autoantigen La/SS-B.
Abstract The nuclear autoantigen La can be detected on the surface of dying cells. Here we present an assay which enables us to show that La protein is not limited to the surface of dying cells but will be released upon stress-induced cell death. As released La protein tightly binds to the surface of neighboring intact cells we asked the question whether or not La protein could serve as a stress-inducible target e.g. for redirecting of regulatory T cells (Tregs) into damaged tissues to downregulate an immune response. In order to provide first proof of concept we developed a novel fully humanized single-chain bispe...
Source: Journal of Autoimmunity - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Koristka S, Cartellieri M, Arndt C, Bippes CC, Feldmann A, Michalk I, Wiefel K, Stamova S, Schmitz M, Ehninger G, Bornhäuser M, Bachmann M Tags: J Autoimmun Source Type: research

A comparison of non-toxin vaccine adjuvants for their ability to enhance the immunogenicity of nasally-administered anthrax recombinant protective antigen.
This study compared non-toxin adjuvants to CT for their ability to induce protective antibody responses with nasal immunization. C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice were immunized with rPA formulated with the following adjuvants: CT, IL-1α, LPS, CpG, Pam3CSK4, 3M-019, resiquimod/R848 or c48/80. Serum and nasal wash cytokine concentrations were monitored 6h post-vaccination as biomarkers for acute activation of the innate immune system. Not all of the adjuvants induced significant changes in innate serum or nasal wash cytokines, but when changes were observed, the cytokine signatures were unique for each adjuvant. All adjuvants excep...
Source: Vaccine - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gwinn WM, Johnson BT, Kirwan SM, Sobel AE, Abraham SN, Gunn MD, Staats HF Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

Efficacy of a divalent and a multivalent water-in-oil formulated vaccine against a highly virulent strain of Flavobacterium psychrophilum after intramuscular challenge of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Abstract Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a well-known pathogen causing significant problems in aquaculture worldwide. In recent years an increasing number of disease outbreaks caused by F. psychrophilum has been reported on juvenile and post smolts of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) in Norway. The current study was performed to assess the efficacy of two autogenous oil-in-water formulated vaccines containing whole cell antigens of F. psychrophilum to induce protective immunity against challenge. The vaccines were formulated either as multivalent (FLAVO AVM6) or divalent (FLAVO IPN) and administered by the intrap...
Source: Vaccine - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fredriksen BN, Olsen RH, Furevik A, Souhoka RA, Gauthier D, Brudeseth B Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research