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Ig and cross-presentation by splenic DCs [Immunology]
Nature and physiological status of antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells DCs, are decisive for the immune reactions elicited. Multiple factors and cell interactions have been described that affect maturation of DCs. Here, we show that DCs arising in the absence of immunoglobulins (Ig) in vivo are impaired in cross-presentation...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 5, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Zietara, N., Lyszkiewicz, M., Puchalka, J., Pei, G., Gutierrez, M. G., Lienenklaus, S., Hobeika, E., Reth, M., Martins dos Santos, V. A. P., Krueger, A., Weiss, S. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Immune escape by the tumor stroma [Immunology]
The contribution of molecules such as perforin, IFN-γ (IFNγ), and particularly Fas ligand (FasL) by transferred CD8+ effector T (TE) cells to rejection of large, established tumors is incompletely understood. Efficient attack against large tumors carrying a surrogate tumor antigen (mimicking a “passenger” mutation) by TE cells requires action of...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 5, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Listopad, J. J., Kammertoens, T., Anders, K., Silkenstedt, B., Willimsky, G., Schmidt, K., Kuehl, A. A., Loddenkemper, C., Blankenstein, T. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Role of MyD88 in Th17 cell differentiation [Immunology]
Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is classically known as an adaptor, linking TLR and IL-1R to downstream signaling pathways in the innate immune system. In addition to its role in innate immune cells, MyD88 has been shown to play an important role in T cells. How MyD88 regulates...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 5, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Chang, J., Burkett, P. R., Borges, C. M., Kuchroo, V. K., Turka, L. A., Chang, C.-H. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Choroid plexus immunity in brain aging [Immunology]
The adaptive arm of the immune system has been suggested as an important factor in brain function. However, given the fact that interactions of neurons or glial cells with T lymphocytes rarely occur within the healthy CNS parenchyma, the underlying mechanism is still a mystery. Here we found that at...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 5, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Baruch, K., Ron-Harel, N., Gal, H., Deczkowska, A., Shifrut, E., Ndifon, W., Mirlas-Neisberg, N., Cardon, M., Vaknin, I., Cahalon, L., Berkutzki, T., Mattson, M. P., Gomez-Pinilla, F., Friedman, N., Schwartz, M. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

EriB suppresses Th1 and Th17 cells in EAE [Immunology]
In this study, we demonstrated that EriB was efficacious in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis. Treatment with EriB...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 5, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Lu, Y., Chen, B., Song, J.-H., Zhen, T., Wang, B.-Y., Li, X., Liu, P., Yang, X., Zhang, Q.-L., Xi, X.-D., Chen, S.-D., Zuo, J.-P., Chen, Z., Chen, S.-J. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Cellular sources of IFN-{gamma} in Salmonella infection [Immunology]
IFN-γ is critical for immunity against infections with intracellular pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica. However, which of the many cell types capable of producing IFN-γ controls Salmonella infections remains unclear. Using a mouse model of systemic Salmonella infection, we observed that only a lack of all lymphocytes or CD90 (Thy1)+...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 5, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Kupz, A., Scott, T. A., Belz, G. T., Andrews, D. M., Greyer, M., Lew, A. M., Brooks, A. G., Smyth, M. J., Curtiss, R., Bedoui, S., Strugnell, R. A. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

RNA editing activity of AID [Immunology]
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is essential for the somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR) of Ig genes. The mechanism by which AID triggers SHM and CSR has been explained by two distinct models. In the DNA deamination model, AID converts cytidine bases in DNA into uridine. The uridine is...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 5, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Liang, G., Kitamura, K., Wang, Z., Liu, G., Chowdhury, S., Fu, W., Koura, M., Wakae, K., Honjo, T., Muramatsu, M. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Pulmonary & Allergy Update highlights insights and advances
(National Jewish Health) Nationally recognized faculty from National Jewish Health will discuss insights and recent advances in pulmonary medicine, asthma, allergies and immunology at the 35th Annual Pulmonary & Allergy Update at Keystone, Feb. 6-9. Topics will range from nutrition and asthma to the allergic impact of global warming, allergies to joint replacements and new dietary recommendations for food allergy.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - February 5, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Deletion of interleukin (IL)‐12p35 induces liver fibrosis in dominant‐negative TGFβ receptor type II mice
In conclusion, IL‐12p35−/− dnTGFβRII mice, histologically and immunologically, reflect key features of PBC, providing a useful generic model to understand the immunopathology of human PBC. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;)
Source: Hepatology - February 5, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Masanobu Tsuda, Weici Zhang, Guo‐Xiang Yang, Koichi Tsuneyama, Yugo Ando, Kazuhito Kawata, Ogyi Park, Patrick S.C. Leung, Ross L. Coppel, Aftab A. Ansari, William M. Ridgway, Bin Gao, Zhe‐Xiong Lian, Richard Flavell, Xiao‐Song He, M.Eric Gershwin Tags: Liver Injury/ Regeneration Source Type: research

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B*57:01‐restricted activation of drug‐specific T cells provides the immunological basis for flucloxacillin‐induced liver injury
Conclusion: This work defines the immune basis for flucloxacillin‐induced liver injury and links the genetic association to the iatrogenic disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;)
Source: Hepatology - February 5, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Manal M. Monshi, Lee Faulkner, Andrew Gibson, Rosalind E. Jenkins, John Farrell, Caroline J. Earnshaw, Ana Alfirevic, Karin Cederbrant, Ann K. Daly, Neil French, Munir Pirmohamed, B. Kevin Park, Dean J. Naisbitt Tags: Autoimmune, Cholestatic and Biliary Disease Source Type: research

Serum soluble interleukin 7 receptor is strongly associated with lupus nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Conclusions Our data indicate that sIL-7R is a marker of SLE disease activity, especially nephritis. In contrast to conventional disease activity markers, sIL-7R is not produced by immune cells, but might instead reflect activation of tissue cells in the target organ.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Badot, V., Luijten, R. K. M. A. C., van Roon, J. A., Depresseux, G., Aydin, S., Van den Eynde, B. J., Houssiau, F. A., Lauwerys, B. R. Tags: Open access, Immunology (including allergy), Pathology, Inflammation, Radiology, Renal medicine, Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Surgical diagnostic test Source Type: research

Whole microvascular unit deletions in dermatomyositis
Conclusions Capillary loss may not be the primary cause of muscle ischaemia in DM. The primary event rather stands upstream, probably at the level of perimysial arcade arteries around which inflammatory infiltrates predominate and which lumen may show narrowing in chronic DM. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury, which is favoured by autoimmune backgrounds in experimental models and which activates the complement cascade in capillaries, could represent an hitherto unsuspected (and potentially preventable) mechanism of muscle damage in DM.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Gitiaux, C., Kostallari, E., Lafuste, P., Authier, F.-J., Christov, C., Gherardi, R. K. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Muscle disease, Radiology, Connective tissue disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Clinical diagnostic tests Basic and translational research Source Type: research

Fine mapping of Xq28: both MECP2 and IRAK1 contribute to risk for systemic lupus erythematosus in multiple ancestral groups
Conclusions These data suggest contributions of both IRAK1 and MECP2 to SLE susceptibility.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Kaufman, K. M., Zhao, J., Kelly, J. A., Hughes, T., Adler, A., Sanchez, E., Ojwang, J. O., Langefeld, C. D., Ziegler, J. T., Williams, A. H., Comeau, M. E., Marion, M. C., Glenn, S. B., Cantor, R. M., Grossman, J. M., Hahn, B. H., Song, Y. W., Yu, C.-Y., Tags: Genetics, Immunology (including allergy), Connective tissue disease, Systemic lupus erythematosus Basic and translational research Source Type: research

Ligation of TLR7 by rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid single strand RNA induces transcription of TNF{alpha} in monocytes
Conclusions These results suggest that expression of TLR7, but not TLR8, may be a predictor for RA disease activity and anti-TNFα responsiveness, and targeting TLR7 may suppress chronic progression of RA.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Chamberlain, N. D., Kim, S.-j., Vila, O. M., Volin, M. V., Volkov, S., Pope, R. M., Arami, S., Mandelin, A. M., Shahrara, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis Basic and translational research Source Type: research

Microscopic gut inflammation in axial spondyloarthritis: a multiparametric predictive model
Conclusions The prevalence of microscopic gut inflammation in SpA remains unaltered over time. Younger age (shorter symptom duration), progressive disease, male sex and higher disease activity are independently associated with microscopic gut inflammation in axial SpA.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Van Praet, L., Van den Bosch, F. E., Jacques, P., Carron, P., Jans, L., Colman, R., Glorieus, E., Peeters, H., Mielants, H., De Vos, M., Cuvelier, C., Elewaut, D. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Bone and joint infections, Ophthalmology, Pathology, Inflammation, Ankylosing spondylitis, Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Calcium and bone Clinical Source Type: research

Efficacy of anti-IL-1 treatment in Majeed syndrome
Conclusions The differential response to treatment with TNF-α or IL-1 blocking agents sheds light into disease pathogenesis; it supports the hypothesis that Majeed syndrome is an IL-1β dependent autoinflammatory disorder, and further underscores the importance of IL-1 in sterile bone inflammation.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Herlin, T., Fiirgaard, B., Bjerre, M., Kerndrup, G., Hasle, H., Bing, X., Ferguson, P. J. Tags: Genetics, Immunology (including allergy), Bone and joint infections, Inflammation, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Epidemiology, Calcium and bone Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

Meta-analysis suggests that intensive non-biological combination therapy with step-down prednisolone (COBRA strategy) may also 'disconnect' disease activity and damage in rheumatoid arthritis
Conclusions Changes in the relationship between disease activity and damage progression may not be limited to anti-TNF treatment, but a property of early, rapid and deep suppression of joint inflammation, also induced by conventional strategies that include glucocorticoids.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Boers, M., van Tuyl, L., van den Broek, M., Kostense, P. J., Allaart, C. F. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Inflammation, Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

Interleukin-6 receptor blockade induces limited repair of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis: a micro CT study
Conclusions Blockade of IL-6R by tocilizumab can induce limited repair in a subset of erosions, particularly in large lesions with sclerosis. Repair of erosions during tocilizumab treatment reflects the favourable impact of IL-6R blockade on local bone remodelling in patients with RA.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Finzel, S., Rech, J., Schmidt, S., Engelke, K., Englbrecht, M., Schett, G. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

Intravenous golimumab is effective in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy with responses as early as week 2: results of the phase 3, randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled GO-FURTHER trial
Conclusion The addition of intravenous golimumab rapidly and significantly improved signs and symptoms in patients with active RA despite ongoing MTX, in some patients by week 2.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Weinblatt, M. E., Bingham, C. O., Mendelsohn, A. M., Kim, L., Mack, M., Lu, J., Baker, D., Westhovens, R. Tags: Open access, Immunology (including allergy), Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Epidemiology Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

MRI versus conventional measures of disease activity and structural damage in evaluating treatment efficacy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Conclusion Only ACRp90 responders showed a significant decrease in synovitis and the halting of structural damage, suggesting that levels of response higher than ACRp30 are more appropriate for assessing drug efficacy. The excellent responsiveness of MRI and its ability to detect subclinical synovitis make it a promising outcome measure.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Malattia, C., Consolaro, A., Pederzoli, S., Madeo, A., Pistorio, A., Mazzoni, M., Mattiuz, C., Magnano, G., Viola, S., Buoncompagni, A., Palmisani, E., Hasija, R., Ruperto, N., Ravelli, A., Martini, A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Inflammation, Radiology, Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Clinical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnostics) Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

Autoantibodies to citrullinated fibrinogen compared with anti-MCV and anti-CCP2 antibodies in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis at an early stage: data from the French ESPOIR cohort
Conclusions In early arthritis, AhFibA, anti-MCV and anti-CCP2 showed similar diagnostic sensitivity with a high diagnostic specificity and a similar high positive predictive value for RA. Adding ACPA to the 1987 ACR criteria significantly increased the number of patients classified as having RA, confirming the validity of the recent inclusion of the serological criterion in the ACR/EULAR criteria.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Nicaise-Roland, P., Nogueira, L., Demattei, C., de Chaisemartin, L., Rincheval, N., Cornillet, M., Grootenboer-Mignot, S., Dieude, P., Dougados, M., Cantagrel, A., Meyer, O., Serre, G., Chollet-Martin, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

Childhood socioeconomic factors and perinatal characteristics influence development of rheumatoid arthritis in adulthood
Conclusions RA was associated with low childhood SES sustained into adulthood, with cumulative effects across multiple measures, suggesting the importance of other unmeasured factors linking SES and RA.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Parks, C. G., D'Aloisio, A. A., DeRoo, L. A., Huiber, K., Rider, L. G., Miller, F. W., Sandler, D. P. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Epidemiology Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

Evaluating joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis: is it necessary to radiograph both hands and feet?
Conclusion Performing x-rays of both hands and feet yields additive information compared with imaging only a part of these.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Knevel, R., Kwok, K., de Rooy, D., Posthumus, M., Huizinga, T., Brouwer, E., van der Helm-van Mil, A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Radiology, Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Clinical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnostics) Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

Chemokine receptor CCR1 antagonist CCX354-C treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: CARAT-2, a randomised, placebo controlled clinical trial
Conclusions CCX354-C exhibited a good safety and tolerability profile and evidence of clinical activity in RA.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Tak, P. P., Balanescu, A., Tseluyko, V., Bojin, S., Drescher, E., Dairaghi, D., Miao, S., Marchesin, V., Jaen, J., Schall, T. J., Bekker, P. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Epidemiology Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

Effect of baseline rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated peptide antibody serotype on rituximab clinical response: a meta-analysis
Conclusion Although the difference was modest, the overall-effect model indicates that seropositive patients respond better to rituximab than seronegative patients.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Isaacs, J. D., Cohen, S. B., Emery, P., Tak, P. P., Wang, J., Lei, G., Williams, S., Lal, P., Read, S. J. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Pain (neurology), Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

Biosimilars in rheumatology: the wind of change
The wind of change is blowing in rheumatology. Rheumatologists may soon be exposed to ‘biosimilars’ of the medicines they routinely use as the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has recently issued its final guideline on biosimilar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)1—a product class of utmost importance for rheumatologists—and a biosimilar infliximab is currently under evaluation for marketing authorisation in Europe,2 and more will come. Rheumatologists, as it appears, are especially challenged these days as many of their patients are already successfully put on long term treatment with individualised drug ...
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Schneider, C. K. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis Editorials Source Type: research

Type B CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induce Th1 responses to peanut antigens: Modulation of sensitization and utility in a truncated immunotherapy regimen in mice
ConclusionCpG ODNs, especially type B, were highly effective in inducing Th1 responses in mice undergoing induction of peanut allergy, as well as in mice undergoing therapy for established peanut allergy. Interestingly, the IgE response was not significantly altered, suggesting that IgG antibodies may be enough to prevent peanut‐induced anaphylaxis.
Source: Molecular Nutrition - February 5, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mike Kulis, Balachandra Gorentla, A. Wesley Burks, Xiao‐Ping Zhong Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Characterization of murine macrophages from bone marrow, spleen and peritoneum
Conclusions: Our results show that BMs, SPMs and PMs are distinct populations with different biological functions, providing clues to guide their further experimental or therapeutic use.
Source: BMC Immunology - February 5, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Changqi WangXiao YuQi CaoYa WangGuoping ZhengThian TanHong ZhaoYe ZhaoYiping WangDavid Harris Source Type: research

Evaluating the potential of a new isotope‐labelled glyco‐ligand for estimating the remnant liver function of schistosoma‐infected mice
This study demonstrated that the isotope‐labelled OCTAM could accumulate in the liver, might have potential as an imaging agent for in vivo hepatic function evaluation of schistosomiasis.
Source: Parasite Immunology - February 5, 2013 Category: Parasitology Authors: P.‐C. Cheng, P.‐F. Chiang, K.‐M. Lee, C.‐H. Yeh, K.‐L. Hsu, S.‐W. Liu, L.‐H. Shen, C.‐L. Peng, C.‐K. Fan, T.‐Y. Luo Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

3 NIH-sponsored clinical trials test influenza treatments
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Three clinical trials that seek to find more effective treatments for influenza are enrolling volunteers with influenza at the National Institutes of Health's Clinical Center in Bethesda, Md., and at several dozen other domestic and international sites.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - February 5, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Health Board
Public lecture: Dysfunction, depression, delirium: what happens when the brain gets inflamed is a talk about neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and other brain inflammations. It will be given by Prof Colm Cunningham tomorrow at 6.30pm in Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Pearse St, Dublin and is part of the Biomedical Frontiers series of free public lectures organised by the School of Biochemistry and Immunology of Trinity College Dublin.
Source: The Irish Times - Health - February 4, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Honeybee Venom ImmunotherapyHoneybee Venom Immunotherapy
Honeybee venom allergy represents a risk factor for severe systemic reaction in challenged allergic patients. Immunotherapy
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - February 4, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Allergy & Clinical Immunology Journal Article Source Type: news

Z Pro High Protein Supplement: Recall - Undeclared Soy And Milk
People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to soy or milk run the risk of a serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products.
Source: FDA MedWatch - February 4, 2013 Category: American Health Source Type: news

R-Kane Products, Inc. Issues Allergy Alert On Undeclared Soy And Milk In Z Pro High Protein Supplement
R-Kane Products, Inc, Pennsauken, NJ is recalling all outstanding supplies of its Z PRO HIGH PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT, because it contains soy and milk, allergens which are not declared on the labels of individual packets of the product.
Source: Food and Drug Administration - February 4, 2013 Category: Food Science Source Type: news

Geographic factors can cause allergies, asthma: People living close to the equator are at higher risk, study finds
Those living near the equator may find themselves sneezing and wheezing more than usual. And the reason may not be due to increasing pollen counts. According to a new study, living in locations closest to the equator can put you at increased risk of developing allergy and asthma.
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - February 4, 2013 Category: Science Source Type: news

Echocardiographic Findings in a Child Allergic to Cow's MilkEchocardiographic Findings in a Child Allergic to Cow's Milk
A 9-month-old child presented with several clinical features of Kawasaki disease, together with mild cardiac echocardiographic alterations, but no fever. What was the cause? Journal of Medical Case Reports
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - February 4, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Allergy & Clinical Immunology Journal Article Source Type: news

Hope For An Injectable Antidote Suitable For Treatment Of Cyanide Victims In A Mass Casualty Setting
In an advance toward closing a major gap in defenses against terrorist attacks and other mass casualty events, scientists are reporting discovery of a promising substance that could be the basis for development of a better antidote for cyanide poisoning. Their report, which describes a potential antidote that could be self-administered, much like the medication delivered by allergy injection pens, appears in ACS' Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Steven E. Patterson, Ph.D...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - February 4, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Bio-terrorism / Terrorism Source Type: news

Effect of epimedium polysaccharide-propolis flavone immunopotentiator on immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide in chickens.
Abstract Two hundred and fifty 11-day-old chickens were randomly assigned into 5 groups and except normal control group injected with cyclophosphamide once a day for 3 successive days. At day-14-old, all chickens were vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine. At the same time of the first vaccination, the chickens in three experimental groups were injected respectively with epimedium polysaccharide-propolis flavone immunopotentiator (EPI) at three dosages, once a day for 3 successive days. On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the first vaccination, the serum antibody titer and IgG, IgM, IFN-γ and IL-6 concentrations, p...
Source: Cellular Immunology - February 4, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fan Y, Lu Y, Wang D, Liu J, Song X, Zhang W, Zhao X, Nguyen TL, Hu Y Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: research

Contribution of the inflammasomes to autoinflammatory diseases and recent mouse models as research tools.
Abstract Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that serve as activating platforms for the enzyme caspase-1 in response to various danger signals. Active caspase-1 can cleave the precursors of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and thereby activate them. Deregulation of this cascade caused by mutations in genes coding for inflammasomal components and their interaction partners can lead to severe disease. This review summarizes the contribution of deregulated inflammasomes to the field of autoinflammatory syndromes. In addition, it gives insight into currently available mouse models that are used to s...
Source: Clinical Immunology - February 4, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Heymann MC, Rösen-Wolff A Tags: Clin Immunol Source Type: research

Immunological memory and nasopharyngeal carriage in 4-year-old children previously primed and boosted with 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) with or without concomitant prophylactic paracetamol.
CONCLUSION: Regardless of whether previous PHiD-CV vaccination was given with or without PP, induction of immunological memory and persistence of PHiD-CV's impact on carriage was seen until at least 28 months post-booster vaccination. Our study results therefore suggest that the lower immune responses after primary and booster vaccination with PP are of transient nature. PMID: 23391599 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Vaccine - February 4, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Prymula R, Habib A, François N, Borys D, Schuerman L Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

Optimal approaches to data collection and analysis of potential immune mediated disorders in clinical trials of new vaccines.
CONCLUSION: Standardised collection of safety data to allow appropriate analyses are optimal approaches for detecting rare events in clinical trials. Appropriate data analysis will then more reliably define potential causal relationships with vaccination. PMID: 23391600 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Vaccine - February 4, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Silva FT, De Keyser F, Lambert PH, Robinson WH, Westhovens R, Sindic C Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

A systematic review of safety data reporting in clinical trials of vaccines against malaria, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus.
CONCLUSIONS: The review demonstrated lack of standardized safety data reporting in trials for vaccines against malaria, TB and HIV. Standardization of safety data collection and reporting should be encouraged to improve data quality and comparability. LIMITATIONS: The search strategy missed studies published in languages other than English and excluded studies reporting on vaccine trials for diseases besides malaria, TB and HIV. PMID: 23395586 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Vaccine - February 4, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tamminga C, Kavanaugh M, Fedders C, Maiolatesi S, Abraham N, Bonhoeffer J, Heininger U, Vasquez C, Moorthy VS, Epstein JE, Richie TL Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

Changes in antibody specificities and cytokine release after infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus.
Abstract Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) is an apparently innocuous and persistent virus that can modify mouse immune reactions. We have shown that LDV-infected mice immunized with human growth hormone (hGH) showed a deep modification of the specificity of the anti-hGH antibodies (Ab) in CBA/Ht mice but not BALB/c animals. The aim of this work was to extend the previous observations to another mouse strain, C57BL/6, as well as to an antigen unrelated to hGH, ovalbumin (OVA), and to explore at the same time the production of various cytokines at serum and cellular levels. The amount of Ab directed to hGH...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - February 4, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Aparicio JL, Saxena A, Coutelier JP, Van Snick J, Retegui LA Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

New tricks from an old dog: Mitochondrial redox signaling in cellular inflammation.
Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O(2)(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) have long been implicated as pro-inflammatory, yet the sources of ROS and the molecular mechanisms by which they enhance inflammation have been less clear. Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of inflammation mediated by the innate immune system have allowed these issues to be revisited. Although the Nox2 NADPH oxidases generate the bulk of ROS for antimicrobial host defense, recent studies have found that NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production can actually dampen macrophage inflammatory respo...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - February 4, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pelletier M, Lepow TS, Billingham LK, Murphy MP, Siegel RM Tags: Semin Immunol Source Type: research

Sex-specific expression, synthesis and localization of aromatase regulators in one-year-old Atlantic salmon ovaries and testes.
Abstract Transcripts for dax1, foxl2, mis and sf1 are co-expressed in the somatic companion cells of teleost germ cells. These regulatory factors function, in part, to modulate the transcription of aromatase, particularly cyp19a, the terminal enzyme of estrogen biosynthesis. At least two separate aromatase loci exist in teleost fish that encode distinct isoforms. The activity of two forms, cyp19a and cyp19b1, are predominantly associated with the ovary and the brain, respectively. We isolated sequences that compose the proximal promoters of cyp19a, cyp19b1 and foxl2a, to identify potential transcription factor bind...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry and molecular biology. - February 4, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: von Schalburg KR, Gowen BE, Rondeau EB, Johnson NW, Minkley DR, Leong JS, Davidson WS, Koop BF Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol Source Type: research

Allergy: airway epithelial rac1 suppresses allergic inflammation.
Abstract Loss of Rac1 in airway epithelial cells has demonstrated its participation in the ingestion of apoptotic cells and, more importantly, has revealed an unexpected role for Rac1 in maintaining the anti-inflammatory and non-immunogenic environment of the lung and reducing the intensity of allergic sensitization. PMID: 23391381 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current Biology - February 4, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Henson PM, Bratton DL Tags: Curr Biol Source Type: research

Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by Methyl Aminolevulinate.
PMID: 23391490 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas - February 4, 2013 Category: Dermatology Authors: Pastor-Nieto MA, Jiménez-Blázquez E, Sánchez-Herreros C, Belmar-Flores P Tags: Actas Dermosifiliogr Source Type: research

Analyses of T cell-mediated immune response to a human melanoma-associated antigen by the young and the elderly.
Abstract Elderly cancer patients are often excluded from immune-based clinical trials and therapies based on the belief that they respond poorly to tumor antigens. Using melanoma as a model and melanoma related Mart-1 (27-35) epitope specific T cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells as a tool we compared the T cell responses from young and elderly to the Mart-1(27-35) epitope, ex vivo. We also compared the natural Treg (nTreg) activities and the expression of a number of genes associated with immune response by real- time reverse Transcription Polymerase chain Reaction (qPCR) in formalin fixed primary melanomas, in...
Source: Human Immunology - February 4, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Chakraborty NG, Yadav M, Dadras SS, Singh P, Chhabra A, Feinn R, Kerr PE, Grant-Kels JM, Mukherji B, Hegde UP Tags: Hum Immunol Source Type: research

Dendritic cell activation, phagocytosis,and CD69 expression on cognate T cells are suppressed by n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
In this study, we first focused on the functional consequences of 5% (wt/wt) fish oil on splenic CD11c(+) DCs. Administration of n-3 LCPUFAs, modeling human pharmacological intake (2% of total kcal from EPA,1.3% from DHA), to C57BL/6 mice for 3 weeks reduced DC surface expression of CD80 by 14% and TNFα secretion by 29% upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation relative to a control diet. N-3 LCPUFAs also significantly decreased CD11c(+) surface expression and phagocytosisby 12% compared to the control diet. Antigen presentation studies revealed a 22% decrease in CD69 surface expression on transgenic CD4(+) T lymphocytes activa...
Source: Immunology - February 4, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Teague H, Rockett BD, Harris M, Brown DA, Shaikh S Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Adaptive resistance: a tumor strategy to evade immune attack.
Abstract A dilemma in cancer immunology is that, although patients often develop active antitumor immune responses, the tumor still outgrows. It has become clear that under the pressure of the host's immune system, cancer cells have adapted elaborate tactics to reduce their immunogenicity (also known as immunoselection) and/or to actively suppress immune cells and promote immune tolerance (also known as immunosubversion). In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Dolen and Esendagli [Eur. J. Immunol. 2013. 43: XXX-XXX] show that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells develop an adaptive immune phenotype swit...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - February 4, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yao S, Chen L Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: research