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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 31.

A comparison of non-toxin vaccine adjuvants for their ability to enhance the immunogenicity of nasally-administered anthrax recombinant protective antigen.
This study compared non-toxin adjuvants to CT for their ability to induce protective antibody responses with nasal immunization. C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice were immunized with rPA formulated with the following adjuvants: CT, IL-1α, LPS, CpG, Pam3CSK4, 3M-019, resiquimod/R848 or c48/80. Serum and nasal wash cytokine concentrations were monitored 6h post-vaccination as biomarkers for acute activation of the innate immune system. Not all of the adjuvants induced significant changes in innate serum or nasal wash cytokines, but when changes were observed, the cytokine signatures were unique for each adjuvant. All adjuvants excep...
Source: Vaccine - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gwinn WM, Johnson BT, Kirwan SM, Sobel AE, Abraham SN, Gunn MD, Staats HF Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

Efficacy of a divalent and a multivalent water-in-oil formulated vaccine against a highly virulent strain of Flavobacterium psychrophilum after intramuscular challenge of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Abstract Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a well-known pathogen causing significant problems in aquaculture worldwide. In recent years an increasing number of disease outbreaks caused by F. psychrophilum has been reported on juvenile and post smolts of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) in Norway. The current study was performed to assess the efficacy of two autogenous oil-in-water formulated vaccines containing whole cell antigens of F. psychrophilum to induce protective immunity against challenge. The vaccines were formulated either as multivalent (FLAVO AVM6) or divalent (FLAVO IPN) and administered by the intrap...
Source: Vaccine - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fredriksen BN, Olsen RH, Furevik A, Souhoka RA, Gauthier D, Brudeseth B Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

Identification of a synthetic muramyl peptide derivative with enhanced Nod2 stimulatory capacity.
Abstract Muramyl peptides (MPs) represent the building blocks of bacterial peptidoglycan, a critical component of bacterial cell walls. MPs are well characterized for their immunomodulatory properties, and numerous studies have delineated the role of MPs or synthetic MP analogs in host defense, adjuvanticity and inflammation. More recently, Nod1 and Nod2 have been identified as the host sensors for specific MPs, and, in particular, Nod2 was shown to detect muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a MP found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Because mutations in Nod2 are associated with the etiology of C...
Source: Innate Immunity - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rubino SJ, Magalhaes JG, Philpott D, Bahr GM, Blanot D, Girardin SE Tags: Innate Immun Source Type: research

Fish oil attenuates liver injury caused by LPS in weaned pigs associated with inhibition of TLR4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein signaling pathways.
This study evaluated whether fish oil exerted a hepatoprotective effect in a LPS-induced liver injury model via regulation of TLR4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein (NOD) signaling pathways. Twenty-four piglets were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design, and the main factors included diet (5% corn oil or 5% fish oil) and immunological challenge (LPS or saline). Fish oil resulted in enrichment of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and total (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver. Less severe liver injury was observed in pigs fed fish oil, as evidenced by improved serum biochemical parameters and...
Source: Innate Immunity - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Chen F, Liu Y, Zhu H, Hong Y, Wu Z, Hou Y, Li Q, Ding B, Yi D, Chen H Tags: Innate Immun Source Type: research

Inflammation in dry eye associated with rheumatoid arthritis: Cytokine and in vivo confocal microscopy study.
Abstract The purpose of this research was to study ocular surface inflammation in relation to systemic disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with or without secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SSII and non-SSII respectively). The study was conducted in two phases. In phase I, 12 patients with active RA SSII and 12 with active RA non-SSII were consecutively enrolled. Each completed an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and underwent a full eye exam and in vivo confocal microscopy examination of the cornea. Tear fluid samples were collected in sponges and analyzed for IL-1α, -6, and -8, an...
Source: Innate Immunity - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Villani E, Galimberti D, Del Papa N, Nucci P, Ratiglia R Tags: Innate Immun Source Type: research

Reactive oxygen species H(2)O(2) and OH, but not O(2)(-) promote oridonin-induced phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by human histocytic lymphoma U937 cells.
In this study, oridonin caused modest amount of ROS generation in U937 cells, with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and hydroxyl free radical (OH) as the major types. Meanwhile, H(2)O(2) and OH were positive regulators involved in oridonin-enhanced engulfment of apoptotic cells through down-regulating mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and inducing autophagy. The ROS-mediated phagocytosis was independent of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. H(2)O(2) and OH generation also activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases-Akt (PI3K-Akt) and phospholipase C γ-protein kinase C(PLC γ)-Ras-Raf-ERK signaling pathways, which...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zang L, He H, Xu Q, Yu Y, Zheng N, Liu W, Hayashi T, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

Echinocystic acid, a metabolite of lancemaside A, inhibits TNBS-induced colitis in mice.
Abstract The rhizome of Codonopsis lanceolata (CL, family Campanulaceae), of which the main constituent is lancemaside A, has been used for cough and bronchitis in traditional Chinese medicine. To evaluate anti-colitic effect of CL, we examined anti-inflammatory effect of CL extracts, lancemaside A and its metabolites in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitic mice. Among CL extracts, CL BuOH extract inhibited LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression, as well as NF-κB activation most potently. CL BuOH extract also inhibited col...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hyam SR, Jang SE, Jeong JJ, Joh EH, Han MJ, Kim DH Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

Suppression of LPS-induced inflammatory responses by gossypol in RAW 264.7 cells and mouse models.
Abstract Gossypol, a yellowish polyphenolic compound originally from cotton plant, has been known to exert a potential for anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the protection of gossypol on inflammation in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and LPS induced in vivo lung injury model. The effects of gossypol on pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. The results showed that gossypol significantly inhibited the production of LPS-induce...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Huo M, Gao R, Jiang L, Cui X, Duan L, Deng X, Guan S, Wei J, Soromou LW, Feng H, Chi G Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

Mechanism underlying the effect of combined therapy using glucosamine and low-dose cyclosporine A on the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.
Abstract Combination therapy is often used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) to improve clinical efficacy or to spare the dose of each drug. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a calcineurin inhibitor that was developed for the treatment of AD. Glucosamine (Glu) is a potent immunosuppressant that inhibits Th2-mediated immunity. We previously reported that Glu has an ameliorative effect on the development of the pathology in NC/Nga mice. The aims of our study were to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of combination of Glu and low-dose CsA in dermatophagoides farina (Df)-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice an...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kim CH, Choi YS, Cheong KA, Lee AY Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

IgA deficiency in wolves.
Abstract Low mean concentrations of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and an increased frequency of overt IgA deficiency (IgAD) in certain dog breeds raises the question whether it is a breeding-enriched phenomenon or a legacy from the dog's ancestor, the grey wolf. The IgA concentration in 99 serum samples from 71wolves, living in wilderness (n=58) or captivity (n=13) in Sweden and Norway, was therefore measured by capture ELISA. The concentrations were markedly lower in the wolf serum samples than in the dog controls. Potential differences in the IgA molecule between dogs and wolves were addressed by sequencing the wo...
Source: Developmental and Comparative Immunology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Frankowiack M, Hellman L, Zhao Y, Arnemo JM, Lin M, Tengvall K, Møller T, Lindblad-Toh K, Hammarström L Tags: Dev Comp Immunol Source Type: research

Identification of TNF13b (BAFF) gene from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its immune response to bacteria and virus.
Abstract The TNF superfamily B cell activating factor (BAFF) is a central cytokine in several diseases. A BAFF gene has been cloned from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), analyzed its structure, and investigated its expression pattern in various tissues after Aeromonas hydrophila and Aquareovirus infection. The open reading frame of grass carp BAFF (gcBAFF) consists of 804 bases encoding 267 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis shows the gcBAFF is most closely related to other teleost BAFFs with the highest similarity to zebrafish. RT-PCR analysis shows the gcBAFF transcript is expressed in a wide range of tissue...
Source: Developmental and Comparative Immunology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pandit NP, Shen Y, Wang W, Chen Y, Li J Tags: Dev Comp Immunol Source Type: research

Molecular cloning, recombinant expression and characterization of GMCSF from the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta.
Abstract Recent studies have found that, in addition to hematopoiesis, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) plays pivotal roles in multiple immune disorders. The gene encoding Macaca mulatta GMCSF (mmGMCSF) was cloned from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Concanavalin A (Con A) and mismatched allogeneic antigen-stimulation significantly increased the production of mmGMCSF by monkey PBMCs. The gene encoding mature mmGMCSF was first expressed as a soluble fusion protein in E. coli, and native mmGMCSF was further prepared by protease cleavage. The recombinant mmGMCSF induced a...
Source: Developmental and Comparative Immunology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tao Z, Yang H, Jia D, Wan L, Cheng J, Lu X Tags: Dev Comp Immunol Source Type: research

Phenotypic maturation of porcine NK- and T-cell subsets.
Abstract Detailed information concerning the development of the immune system in young pigs is still rudimental. In the present study, we analyzed changes in phenotype and absolute numbers of natural killer cells, γδ T cells, T helper cells, regulatory T cells and cytolytic T cells in the blood of pigs from birth to six months of age. For each lymphocyte subpopulation, a combination of lineage and differentiation markers was investigated by six-color flow cytometry. Major findings were: i) absolute numbers of γδ T cells strongly increased from birth until 19 to 25 weeks of age, indicating an important role for ...
Source: Developmental and Comparative Immunology - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Talker SC, Käser T, Reutner K, Sedlak C, Mair KH, Koinig H, Graage R, Viehmann M, Klingler E, Ladinig A, Ritzmann M, Saalmüller A, Gerner W Tags: Dev Comp Immunol Source Type: research

Intestinal dendritic cells: their role in intestinal inflammation, manipulation by the gut microbiota and differences between mice and men.
Abstract The intestinal immune system maintains a delicate balance between immunogenicity against invading pathogens and tolerance of the commensal microbiota and food antigens. Dendritic cells (DC) generate primary T-cell responses, and determine whether these responses are immunogenic or tolerogenic. The regulatory role of DC is of particular importance in the gut due to the high antigenic load. Intestinal DC act as sentinels, sampling potentially pathogenic antigens but also harmless antigens including the commensal microbiota. Following antigen acquisition, intestinal DC migrate to secondary lymphoid organs to ...
Source: Immunology Letters - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mann ER, Landy JL, Bernardo D, Peake ST, Hart AL, Al-Hassi HO, Knight SC Tags: Immunol Lett Source Type: research

Development of enterovirus diagnostic assay system for human patients
Abstract The coxsackieviruses B3 (CVB3) are members of the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae. They are the most common etiological agents of chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. However, there is still no effective diagnostic method for CVB3 in human patients. Here, we established a fast and accurate system to detect enterovirus (CVB3) in the sera of patients with viral myocarditis using a capsid‐protein‐specific peptide sequence. The peptide sequence was selected from the whole CVB3 capsid protein sequence by computationally predicting those fragments with high antigenicity and low hydrophobici...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - January 22, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Byung‐Kwan Lim, Eun‐Seon Ju, Dieu Hung Lao, Soo‐Hyeon Yun, Yoo‐Jung Lee, Duk‐Kyung Kim, Eun‐Seok Jeon Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

DG HEALTH ALLERGY RELIEF (Loratadine) Tablet [Dolgencorp, LLC]
Updated Date: Jan 22, 2013 EST
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - January 22, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Soluble FAS ligand as a biomarker of disease recurrence in differentiated thyroid cancer
CONCLUSIONS:sFASL and IFN‐α levels were correlated significantly with thyroid cancer recurrence and may be useful for risk‐adapted surveillance strategies in patients with thyroid cancer. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Source: Cancer - January 22, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Mohammad S. Hossain, Chandar Bhimani, Zhengjia Chen, Sungjin Kim, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Shi‐Yong Sun, Dong M. Shin, Edmund K. Waller, Fadlo R. Khuri Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The prevalence and socio‐demographic risk factors of clinical eczema in infancy: A population‐based observational study
Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceApproximately one in three infants developed eczema by 12 months of age. East Asian infants are at increased risk of eczema despite their parents having lower rates of allergy than non‐Asian parents. Gene‐environment interactions may explain the differential effect seen in this minority group.© 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy - January 22, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pamela E. Martin, Jennifer J. Koplin, Jana K. Eckert, Adrian J. Lowe, Anne‐Louise Ponsonby, Nicholas J. Osborne, Lyle C. Gurrin, Marnie N. Robinson, David J. Hill, Mimi L.K. Tang, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Katrina J. Allen, Tags: Original Article‐Epidemiology of Allergic Disease Source Type: research

Activation/Inhibition of mast cells by supra-optimal antigen concentrations
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue resident cells of hemopoietic origin and are critically involved in allergic diseases. MCs bind IgE by means of their high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI). The FcepsilonRI belongs to a family of multi-chain immune recognition receptors and is activated by cross-linking in response to multivalent antigens (Ags)/allergens. Activation of the FcepsilonRI results in immediate release of preformed granular substances (e.g. histamine, heparin, and proteases), generation of arachidonic acid metabolites, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The FcepsilonRI shows a remarkable, bell-shaped...
Source: Cell Communication and Signaling - January 22, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Michael Huber Source Type: research

Sortase-mediated modification of {alpha}DEC205 [Immunology]
A monoclonal antibody against the C-type lectin DEC205 (αDEC205) is an effective vehicle for delivery of antigens to dendritic cells through creation of covalent αDEC205–antigen adducts. These adducts can induce antigen-specific T-cell immune responses or tolerance. We exploit the transpeptidase activity of sortase to install modified peptides and protein-sized antigens...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 22, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Swee, L. K., Guimaraes, C. P., Sehrawat, S., Spooner, E., Barrasa, M. I., Ploegh, H. L. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

MZ B cells as source of protective HIV antibodies [Immunology]
A series of potent, broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies have been isolated from B cells of HIV-infected individuals. VRC01 represents a subset of these antibodies that mediate neutralization with a restricted set of IGHV genes. The memory B cells expressing these antibodies were isolated years after infection; thus, the B-cell subpopulation...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 22, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Pujanauski, L. M., Janoff, E. N., McCarter, M. D., Pelanda, R., Torres, R. M. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

ICAM-1 tunes CD8 T-cell decay and recall potential [Immunology]
CD8 T-cell responses are critical for protection against intracellular pathogens and tumors. The induction and properties of these responses are governed by a series of integrated processes that rely heavily on cell–cell interactions. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 functions to enhance the strength of antigenic stimulation, extend the duration of contact...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 22, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Cox, M. A., Barnum, S. R., Bullard, D. C., Zajac, A. J. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

ChAT+ B cells regulate innate immunity [Immunology]
Appropriate control of immune responses is a critical determinant of health. Here, we show that choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is expressed and ACh is produced by B cells and other immune cells that have an impact on innate immunity. ChAT expression occurs in mucosal-associated lymph tissue, subsequent to microbial colonization, and...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 22, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Reardon, C., Duncan, G. S., Brustle, A., Brenner, D., Tusche, M. W., Olofsson, P., Rosas–Ballina, M., Tracey, K. J., Mak, T. W. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

In Vivo Tungsten Exposure Alters B-Cell Development and Increases DNA Damage in Murine Bone Marrow
High environmental tungsten levels were identified near the site of a childhood pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cluster; however, a causal link between tungsten and leukemogenesis has not been established. The major site of tungsten deposition is bone, the site of B-cell development. In addition, our in vitro data suggest that developing B lymphocytes are susceptible to tungsten-induced DNA damage and growth inhibition. To extend these results, we assessed whether tungsten exposure altered B-cell development and induced DNA damage in vivo. Wild-type mice were exposed to tungsten in their drinking water for up to 16 week...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - January 22, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kelly, A. D. R., Lemaire, M., Young, Y. K., Eustache, J. H., Guilbert, C., Molina, M. F., Mann, K. K. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Neutrophil and Eosinophil Granulocytes as Key Players in a Mouse Model of Chemical-Induced Asthma
Diisocyanates are an important cause of chemical-induced occupational asthma. This type of immunologically mediated asthma is often characterized by a predominant granulocytic inflammation in the airways, rather than an infiltration by lymphocytes. We sought to determine the contribution of granulocytes in the outcome of chemical-induced asthma using general and specific leukocyte depletion strategies in an established mouse model of isocyanate asthma. On days 1 and 8, BALB/c mice received dermal applications with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) or vehicle (acetone olive oil), followed by two ip injections of cyclophosphami...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - January 22, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: De Vooght, V., Smulders, S., Haenen, S., Belmans, J., Opdenakker, G., Verbeken, E., Nemery, B., Hoet, P. H. M., Vanoirbeek, J. A. J. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Disseminated cryptococcosis initially presenting as cellulitis in a patient suffering from nephrotic syndrome
Conclusion: Since the poor outcome of disseminated cryptococcosis if unrecognized and untreated in time, it should be investigated rigorously as a differential diagnosis in patients with nephrotic syndrome suffering from cutaneous diseases.
Source: BMC Nephrology - January 22, 2013 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Wentao NiQi HuangJunchang Cui Source Type: research

Children with egg allergies can safely receive flu vaccine, U-M study says
(University of Michigan Health System) Egg allergic children did not have adverse reactions to a single dose of influenza vaccine in a multi-center study.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - January 22, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Why Do Rich Kids Have More Peanut Allergies?
I recently heard that children from wealthy families are more susceptible to peanut allergies than are kids from less affluent families. Is this true? If so, what's the explanation? Could it be diet or other lifestyle factors?
Source: Dr. Weil Q and A - January 21, 2013 Category: Consumer Health Advice Source Type: news

Nasal High-Mobility Group Box-1 Protein in Children with Allergic Rhinitis
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;161:116–121 (DOI:10.1159/000345246)
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - January 21, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Inconclusive Evidence for or against Positive Antigen Selection in the Shaping of Human Immunoglobulin E Repertoires: A Call for New Approaches
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;161:122–126 (DOI:10.1159/000345421)
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - January 21, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Non-Pro-Vitamin A and Pro-Vitamin A Carotenoids in Atopy Development
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;161:99–115 (DOI:10.1159/000345958)
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - January 21, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

In the Summertime When the Weather Is Fine
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;161:97–98 (DOI:10.1159/000345993)
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - January 21, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Even After Rehabilitation, Drug Abuse Impairs Sexual Performance In Men
Researchers at the University of Granada, Spain, and Santo Tomas University in Colombia have found that drug abuse negatively affects sexual performance in men even after years of abstinence. This finding contradicts other studies reporting that men spontaneously recovered their normal sexual performance at three weeks after quitting substance abuse. The results of this study have been published in the prestigious Journal of Sexual Medicine, the official journal of the International Society for Sexual Medicine...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - January 21, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Allergy Source Type: news

Optimal timing for solids introduction – why are the guidelines always changing?
We present the current clinical equipoise with regards to recently revised guidelines published almost simultaneously in the UK, US and Australia and argue that guideline modification about timing of introduction (both for high risk infants but also for the general population) will require careful review of emerging literature to provide a true evidence base to inform public health practice such as infant feeding guidelines. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy - January 21, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jennifer J. Koplin, Katrina J. Allen Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Chlorinated tap water linked to upsurge in food allergies worldwide: study
Thousands of communities across the country and around the world add it to their water supplies to ensure that their water is safe for human exposure and consumption. But the common practice of adding chlorine chemicals to water for public safety purposes may not be...
Source: NaturalNews.com - January 21, 2013 Category: Consumer Health Advice Source Type: news

Prostate cancer cells metabolize d-lactate inside mitochondria via a d-lactate dehydrogenase which is more active and highly expressed than in normal cells
Highlights: ► First evidence is given that cancer cells metabolize d-lactate inside mitochondria. ► d-Lactate dehydrogenase (d-LDH) is shown to be present in prostate mitochondria. ► d-LDH protein level and activity is higher in cancer than in normal prostate cells. ► d-Lactate metabolism occurs with membrane potential generation and ATP synthesis. ► d-Lactate enters mitochondria and causes malate export at a higher rate in cancer.Abstract: Although d-lactate metabolism has been shown to occur in a variety of mitochondria, the metabolic fate of d-lactate in cancer cells has never been investigated, as it is belie...
Source: FEBS Letters - January 21, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lidia de Bari, Loredana Moro, Salvatore Passarella Tags: Research Letters Source Type: research

Live cell imaging techniques to study T cell trafficking across the blood-brain barrier in vitro and in vivo
DiscussionThe sequential use of in vitro and in vivo live cell imaging of T cells interacting with the BBB allows us to delineate the kinetics and molecular determinants involved in multistep extravasation of encephalitogenic T cells across the BBB.
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - January 21, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Caroline CoisneRuth LyckBritta Engelhardt Source Type: research

Targeting eosinophils in allergy, inflammation and beyond
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 12, 117 (2013). doi:10.1038/nrd3838 Authors: Patricia C. Fulkerson & Marc E. Rothenberg Eosinophils can regulate local immune and inflammatory responses, and their accumulation in the blood and tissue is associated with several inflammatory and infectious diseases. Thus, therapies that target eosinophils may help control diverse diseases, including atopic disorders such as asthma and allergy, as well as
Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery - January 21, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Patricia C. FulkersonMarc E. Rothenberg Tags: Review Source Type: research

Next generation personalized animals as an enabling technology in personalized vaccinology.
PMID: 23337595 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Vaccine - January 21, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Poland GA, Mirochnitchenko O Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

Anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects of the polyphenol curcumin on human fibroblast-like synoviocytes.
CONCLUSION: The natural compound curcumin represents strong anti-inflammatory properties and induces apoptosis in FLS. This study provides an insight into possible molecular mechanisms of this substance and suggests it as a natural remedy for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases like RA. PMID: 23347846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Immunopharmacology - January 21, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kloesch B, Becker T, Dietersdorfer E, Kiener H, Steiner G Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

Determination of Viremia and Concentration of Circulating Nonstructural Protein 1 in Patients Infected with Dengue Virus in Mexico.
In this study, viremia and circulating NS1 levels were determined in 225 serum samples collected from patients in Mexico infected with dengue virus serotypes 1 and 2 (DENV-1 and DENV-2). Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) who were infected with DENV-1 showed higher levels of circulating NS1 than patients with dengue fever (DF) (P = 0.0175). Moreover, NS1 levels were higher in patients with primary infections with DENV-1 than in patient infected with DENV-2 (P < 0.0001) and in patients with primary infections with DENV-2 than in patients with secondary infections with DENV-2 (P = 0.0051). Unexpectedly, viremia ...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - January 21, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: de la Cruz-Hernández SI, Flores-Aguilar H, González-Mateos S, López-Martinez I, Alpuche-Aranda C, Ludert JE, Del Angel RM Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Variable NK cell receptors and their MHC class I ligands in immunity, reproduction and human evolution
Nature Reviews Immunology 13, 133 (2013). doi:10.1038/nri3370 Authors: Peter Parham & Ashley Moffett Natural killer (NK) cells have roles in immunity and reproduction that are controlled by variable receptors that recognize MHC class I molecules. The variable NK cell receptors found in humans are specific to simian primates, in which they have progressively co-evolved with MHC class I
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - January 21, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Peter ParhamAshley Moffett Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research

Invariant natural killer T cells: an innate activation scheme linked to diverse effector functions
Nature Reviews Immunology 13, 101 (2013). doi:10.1038/nri3369 Authors: Patrick J. Brennan, Manfred Brigl & Michael B. Brenner Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells exist in a 'poised effector' state, which enables them to rapidly produce cytokines following activation. Using a nearly monospecific T cell receptor, they recognize self and foreign lipid antigens presented by CD1d in a conserved manner, but their activation
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - January 21, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Patrick J. BrennanManfred BriglMichael B. Brenner Tags: Review Source Type: research

Cytokines: T cells take a break from IL-7
Nature Reviews Immunology 13, 70 (2013). doi:10.1038/nri3388 Author: Yvonne Bordon Prolonged IL-7-mediated signalling in CD8+ T cells induces apoptosis.
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - January 21, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yvonne Bordon Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research

Neuroinflammation: Inflammatory brain drain
Nature Reviews Immunology 13, 69 (2013). doi:10.1038/nri3392 Author: Yvonne Bordon Loss of the dopamine D2 receptor or activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can enhance CNS inflammation and contribute to neurodegenerative disease.
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - January 21, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yvonne Bordon Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research

Mast cells: Fishing for circulating IgE
Nature Reviews Immunology 13, 68 (2013). doi:10.1038/nri3390 Author: Kirsty Minton Perivascular mast cells in the skin extend projections into the blood vessel lumen to acquire circulating IgE.
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - January 21, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kirsty Minton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research