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Use of electronic anatomy practical examinations for remediating "at risk" studentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes a combination of anatomy testing and grading strategies to allow "at risk" (borderline failing) students an opportunity to remediate their lowest set of examination scores and pass their anatomy course. An alternative electronic practical examination for these students provided flexibility in laboratory scheduling, thereby increasing laboratory access for other students taking concurrent courses. Specifically, the electronic examinations allowed for a reduction in the amount of time the cadaver laboratory is locked down for examination purposes. Masters-level occupational therapy (MOT) students, phys...
Source: Anatomical Sciences Education - November 20, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Frank J. Daly Source Type: journals

Meta-evaluation in clinical anatomy: A practical application of item response theory in multiple choice examinationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study sought to measure the quality of a clinical anatomy multiple-choice final examination using item response theory (IRT) models. One hundred seventy-six students took a multiple-choice clinical anatomy examination. One- and two-parameter IRT models (difficulty and discrimination parameters) were used to assess item quality. The two-parameter IRT model demonstrated a wide range in item difficulty, with a median of -1.0 and range from -2.0 to 0.0 (25th to 75th percentile). Similar results were seen for discrimination (median 0.6; range 0.4-0.8). The test information curve achieved maximum discrimination for an abili...
Source: Anatomical Sciences Education - November 19, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Milton Severo, Maria A. Ferreira Tavares Source Type: journals

Reformatted computed tomographic evaluation of the thoracic pedicle in a Chinese population for the surgical application of transpedicular screw placementEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions The results of this study suggest that transpedicular screw fixation may not be suitable for the mid-thoracic regions in most Chinese females and that modified pedicle screw techniques or modified type of fixation is required in these patients. CT evaluation is a must before this procedure is performed. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00276-009-0592-xAuthors Yuchun Chen, ShanTou University Medical College Orthopedics Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital 515041 Guangdong ChinaJican Zeng, ShanTou University Medical College Orthopedics Department of t...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - November 17, 2009 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: journals

A 3D reconstruction of pancreas development in the human embryos during embryonic period (Carnegie stages 15–23)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion The 3D computer-assisted reconstruction of the human pancreas visualized the relationships between the two pancreatic buds. This explains the disposition and the modality of the components fusion. This embryologic development permits a better understanding of congenital abnormalities. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00276-009-0533-8Authors M. Radi, University Montpellier I Avenue Kennedy Laboratory of Experimental Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Montpellier-Nimes 30908 Nîmes FranceJ. Gaubert, University Montpellier I Avenue Kennedy Laboratory of Experimental A...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - November 17, 2009 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: journals

A qualitative study of student responses to body paintingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
One hundred and thirty-three preclinical medical students participated in 24 focus groups over the period 2007-2009 at Durham University. Focus groups were conducted to ascertain whether or not medical students found body painting anatomical structures to be an educationally beneficial learning activity. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Five principal themes emerged: (1) body painting as a fun learning activity, (2) body painting promoting retention of knowledge, (3) factors contributing to the memorability of body painting, (4) removal from comfort zone, and (5) the impact of body painting on students'...
Source: Anatomical Sciences Education - November 17, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Gabrielle M. Finn, John C. McLachlan Source Type: journals

Review of the surgical anatomy of the axillary nerve and the anatomic basis of its iatrogenic and traumatic injuryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this review, therefore, is to discuss the surgical anatomy of the axillary nerve and further emphasize the clinical importance of the its injury following shoulder trauma. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewDOI 10.1007/s00276-009-0594-8Authors Nihal Apaydin, Ankara University School of Medicine Department of Anatomy Sihhiye 06100 Ankara TurkeyR. Shane Tubbs, Children’s Hospital Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery Birmingham AL USAMarios Loukas, St. George’s University Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine St. George’s Grenada, West IndiesFabrice Duparc, Faculté de Médec...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - November 16, 2009 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: journals

Morphological adaptation of the tarso-metatarsal joints onto load transmission in the footEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion In healthy feet, force transmission in the TMT joints appears to occur via the dorsal and medial edges. Considering the correlation of topical cartilaginous surface DMC and subchondral density patterns, clinical application of CT-OAM seems to be recommendable in the case of undefined middle foot pain. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00276-009-0554-3Authors Christine Maria Isabel Ebel, Anatomische Anstalt der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Pettenkoferstr. 11 Munich 80336 GermanyPeter M. Prodinger, Klinik für Orthopädie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar Ismaninger...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - November 14, 2009 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: journals

Right posterior sinoatrial node artery showing a pericaval course: a previously undescribed mode of terminationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a case of right PSNA which terminated in a previously unreported course, i.e., the pericaval. Discussion pertains to the anatomic features of the PSNA that render it susceptible to the aforementioned complications. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Anatomic VariationsDOI 10.1007/s00276-009-0593-9Authors Andreas Yiangou Andreou, Nicosia General Hospital Cardiology Department Old Road Nicosia-Limassol 213, Strovolos P.O. Box 2029 Nicosia CyprusGeorge M. Georgiou, Nicosia General Hospital Cardiology Department Old Road Nicosia-Limassol 213, Strovolos P.O. Box 2029 Nicosia CyprusPanayiotis C. Avraamides, N...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - November 14, 2009 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: journals

A mini pig model for visualization of perforator flap by using angiography and MIMICSEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions 3D modeling in combination with traditional sectional imaging of the pig model enables blood vessels to be displayed more dynamically with greater realism. The procedure described could be useful for future flap research, by offering a better visualization of the vascular structure of the skin flap, allowing for better anatomical understanding. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00276-009-0588-6Authors Jin Mei, Wenzhou Medical College Department of Anatomy University-town 325035 Wenzhou Zhejiang ChinaZhiXun Yin, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical ...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - November 14, 2009 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: journals

The Clinical Anatomy of the Coronary Arteries-An Anatomical Study on 100 Human Heart Specimens by Horia MuresianEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No abstract. (Source: Clinical Anatomy)
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 14, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: David J. Heylings Source Type: journals

Michael H. Ross (1930-2009)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No abstract. (Source: Clinical Anatomy)
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Wojciech Pawlina, Kathleen Scogna Source Type: journals

Locating the arcuate line of Douglas: Is it of surgical relevance?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is aimed at determining the position of the arcuate line in relation to anatomical landmarks of the anterior abdominal wall. Arcuate lines were examined in 80 (44 male, 36 female) subjects, aged between 18 and 70 years, during autopsies and dissection. The position of the arcuate line was determined in relation to the umbilicus, pubic symphysis, and intersections of rectus abdominis muscle. Sixty four (80.4%) cases had the arcuate line. In most cases (52), this line was located in the upper half of a line between the umbilicus and the pubic symphysis. Most males (93%) had the arcuate line, while more than a thir...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: P.M. Mwachaka, H.S. Saidi, P.O. Odula, K.O. Awori, W.O. Kaisha Source Type: journals

An anatomic study on the junctura tendinum in the 4th intermetacarpal space and its clinical implicationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report results of anatomic study in the fourth intermetacarpal space, focusing on the pattern of junctura tendinum and variations of extensor tendons of the little finger with its clinical implication on snapping of the little finger. Fifty unpaired cadaveric hands were dissected from the wrist to the middle phalanx of the ring and little fingers. The type of junctura tendinum was judged based on Von Schroder's classification and the relationship with EDC were recorded. EDC to the little finger and EDM were dissected and the numbers were recorded. Forty six hands (92%) exhibited a junctura tendinum in the fourth interme...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: In-Ho Jeon, Joon-Ho Seok, Il-Hyung Park, Jin-Won Choi, Woo-Kie Min, Dong-Soo Kwon, Hyo-Jin Kim, Poong-Taek Kim Source Type: journals

Descriptive anatomy of the dominant septal perforators using Dual Source coronary CT angiographyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although clinical outcomes for septal ablation in treating left ventricular outflow tract obstructions are generally favorable, a variety of complications have been reported including a high incidence of right bundle branch block. These complications may be attributed to anatomic variability of the dominant septal perforator. We used Dual Source CT Coronary Angiography (DS-CTA) to determine the location of the termination point of the dominant septal perforator as well as the distance of the termination point from the mitral annulus in patients undergoing DS-CTA. One-hundred-fourteen DS-CTA scans were retrospectively revie...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Waleed Brinjikji, Scott R. Harris, Adam T. Froemming, Kevin N. Christensen, Nirusha Lachman, Philip A. Araoz Source Type: journals

Topographical anatomy of the transverse facial arteryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The transverse facial artery (TFA) is found in the lateral face and supplies the parotid gland and duct, facial nerve, facial muscles, and skin. To better understand the cutaneous vascularization of the lateral face and to better characterize the topography and other anatomical features of the TFA, microsurgical dissection was performed in 44 cadavers. The number of TFAs present ranged from one to three, and a single TFA was most common (70.5%). The TFA originated from the superficial temporal artery at or above the level of crossing by the temporofacial trunk of the facial nerve in the parotid gland (57.6%). The TFA divid...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Hee-Jun Yang, Young-Chun Gil, Hye-Yeon Lee Source Type: journals

Response to the letter to the editor by Joel Levi: Hermann Stieve's clinical-anatomical research on executed women during the "Third Reich"Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No abstract (Source: Clinical Anatomy)
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: A. Winkelmann, U. Schagen Source Type: journals

Erb's point - do ear, nose and throat surgeons know where it is?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No abstract (Source: Clinical Anatomy)
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Andrew J. Carswell, Philip J. Clamp, Puneet Titoria, Venkat Reddy Source Type: journals

Anatomical variation in the position of the brachiocephalic trunk (innominate artery) with respect to the trachea: A computed tomography-based study and literature review of innominate artery compression syndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Respiratory compromise due to tracheal compression by the brachiocephalic trunk (BT), a condition first labeled as Innominate Artery Compression Syndrome (IACS), has been controversially attributed to an anomalous origin of this vessel to the left of, and hence crossing, the trachea. The aim of this study was to establish the normal relationship between the BT and trachea in infants, children, and young adults without obstructive respiratory symptoms. One hundred and eighty-one computed tomography (CT) examinations of the thorax, in three age groups, were reviewed. In axial cross section, the origin of the BT from the aort...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: S.L. Fawcett, A.C. Gomez, J.A. Hughes, P. Set Source Type: journals

errare humanum est perseverare diabolicumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No abstract (Source: Clinical Anatomy)
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: R. Shane Tubbs, Marios Loukas Source Type: journals

Adductor magnus: A post-operative illustration of its dual nerve supplyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a case in which MRI clearly demonstrated the function of the sciatic nerve by highlighting the complications of its involvement by disease and subsequent surgery. In this clinical case, the underlying diagnosis of a nerve sheath tumour had been established and treated surgically, and subsequent follow-up imaging confirmed the expected features of sciatic nerve transection. Six months following the removal of the tumour, atrophy was seen in the muscle groups supplied by the branches of this nerve. This was manifested as muscle wasting and high signal on T1 and T2-weighted MRI affecting the biceps femoris (short a...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Tristan Barrett, Owen J. Arthurs Source Type: journals

Cervical lymph nodes are found in direct relationship with the internal carotid artery: Significance for the lymphatic drainage of the brainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study seeks to identify cervical lymph nodes related to the human internal carotid artery (ICA) that could act as the first regional lymph nodes for the brain. Bilateral dissections were carried out on four embalmed human heads, from the level of the carotid bifurcation in the neck, to the base of the skull. Lymph nodes from every specimen were processed for histological examination. A total of 51 deep cervical lymph nodes were identified: 12 lymph nodes (confirmed by histological examination) were observed to be in direct relationship with the ICA. These lymph nodes were found within the carotid sheath and had averag...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: R. Clapham, E. O'sullivan, R.O. Weller, R.O. Carare Source Type: journals

Anatomic position of the asterion in Kenyans for posterolateral surgical approaches to cranial cavityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed at determining the anatomic position of the asterion in a Kenyan population. Measurements from the asterion to the root of zygoma and the tip of mastoid process, respectively were taken on both left and right sides of 90 (51 male, 39 female) human skulls. The relation of the asterion to the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction was also determined. The distances on the right and left sides from the asterion to the root of the zygoma were 58.85 ± 2.50 mm and 58.44 ± 2.12 mm, respectively. The asterion was 47.89 ± 3.72 mm above the tip of mastoid process on the right side and 47.62 ± 2.87 mm on the left side...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: P.M. Mwachaka, J. Hassanali, P.O. Odula Source Type: journals

The position of the mandibular canal and histologic feature of the inferior alveolar nerveEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study found that the inferior alveolar nerve often gives rise to several branches at each level (range 0-3). To minimize the risk of injury, knowledge of the small branches of the nerve and of the detailed findings regarding the position of the mandibular canal reported here should be considered when planning mandibular surgery, especially during implant placement. Clin. Anat. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy)
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: C. Kilic, K. Kamburo[gbreve]lu, T. Ozen, H.A. Balcioglu, B. Kurt, T. Kutoglu, H. Ozan Source Type: journals

The iliolumbar artery - Anatomic considerations and details on the common iliac artery trifurcationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The iliolumbar artery (ILA) of Haller is the largest nutrient pedicle of the ilium and its detailed knowledge is important for various surgical procedures that approach the lumbosacral junction, the L4/L5 disk space, the sacroiliac joint, the iliac and psoas muscles, or the lumbar spine. Also the ILA is relevant for various techniques of embolization. We aimed to evaluate the anatomic and topographic features of the ILA, by dissection on 30 human adult pelvic halves and on 50 angiograms. ILA was a constant presence and it emerged at Level A (from the common iliac artery (CIA), 8.75%), Level B (from the CIA bifurcation, 2.5...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: M.C. Rusu, R. Cergan, D. Dermengiu, G.C. Curc[abreve], R. Folescu, A.G.M. Motoc, A.M. Jianu Source Type: journals

Atlas of Descriptive Histology by Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, and Todd A. BarnashEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No abstract. (Source: Clinical Anatomy)
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 13, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Robert M. Klein Source Type: journals

Variable patterns of cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of foot in fetusesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions A comparison with cutaneous innervation patterns found in other population groups revealed three new variants which have not been reported in the other populations. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00276-009-0587-7Authors Pratima Wahee, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER) Department of Anatomy HNo: 27, NAC, Shivalik Enclave Mani Majra, Chandigarh 160101 IndiaAnjali Aggarwal, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER) Department of Anatomy Research Block-B, PGIMER Chandigarh IndiaHarjeet, Post Graduate Instit...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - November 12, 2009 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: journals

Morphology and compartmentation of the jugular foramen in adult Indian skullsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion This information will be of help to the clinicians for understanding clinical presentations and progression of the lesions of the jugular foramen region and planning for the operations. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00276-009-0591-yAuthors Sunita Arvind Athavale, KVG Medical College Department of Anatomy D.K. District Kurunjibag, Sullia Karnataka 574327 India Journal Surgical and Radiologic AnatomyOnline ISSN 1279-8517Print ISSN 0930-1038 (Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy)
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - November 12, 2009 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: journals

Netter ImagesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
From Netterimages.com Netterimages.com is a collection of medical illustrations by world renowned medical illustrator, Frank H. Netter, MD, and physician-artists, John Craig and Carlos Machado. Topics range from human anatomy to clinical disease states to new therapeutic technologies. Illustrations in this collection are offered for sale as rights-managed imagery. Author Elsevier Karen Oswald Digital Asset Manager e-mail: k.oswald@elsevier.com Features Hundreds and hundreds of the classic Netter medical illustrations to choose from Browse through mini-collections of predefined lightboxes such as, the Spine and the Wrist...
Source: Think Anatomy - November 9, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Vanessa Tags: Medical stock image sources Source Type: info

Micro-magnetic resonance imaging and embryological analysis of wild-type and pma mutant mice with clubfoot.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Gross similarities between the external appearance of the hind limbs of the peroneal muscle atrophy (pma) mouse mutant and congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), a human disorder historically referred to as 'clubfoot', suggested that this mutant could be a useful model. We used micro-magnetic resonance imaging to visualize the detailed anatomy of the hind limb defect in mutant pma mice and performed 3D comparisons between mutant and wild-type hind limbs. We found that the pma foot demonstrates supination (i.e. adduction and inversion of the mid foot and fore foot together with plantar flexion of the ankle and ...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 9, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Duce S, Madrigal L, Schmidt K, Cunningham C, Liu G, Barker S, Tennant G, Tickle C, Chudek S, Miedzybrodzka Z Tags: J Anat Source Type: journals

Collagen fibril organization in the pregnant endometrium of decorin-deficient mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In the pregnant mouse endometrium, collagen fibrillogenesis is characterized by the presence of very thick collagen fibrils which are topographically located exclusively within the decidualized stroma. This dynamic biological process is in part regulated by the small leucine-rich proteoglycans decorin and biglycan. In the present study we utilized wild-type (Dcn(+/+)) and decorin-deficient (Dcn(-/-)) time-pregnant mice to investigate the evolution of non-decidualized and decidualized collagen matrix in the uterine wall of these animals. Ultrastructural and morphometric analyses revealed that the organization o...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 9, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Sanches JC, Jones CJ, Aplin JD, Iozzo RV, Zorn TM, Oliveira SF Tags: J Anat Source Type: journals

Tissue distribution of cells derived from the area opaca in heterospecific quail-chick blastodermal chimeras.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of the current study was to determine the tissue distribution of cells derived from the area opaca in heterospecific quail-chick blastodermal chimeras. Quail-chick chimeras were constructed by transferring dissociated cells from the area opaca of the stage X-XII (EG&K) quail embryo into the subgerminal cavity of the unincubated chick blastoderm. The distribution of quail cells in embryonic as well as extra-embryonic tissues of the recipient embryo were examined using the QCPN monoclonal antibody after 6 days of incubation in serial sections taken at 100-mum intervals. Data gathered in the present study de...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 9, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Karagenç L, Sandikci M Tags: J Anat Source Type: journals

The evolution of anatomical illustration and wax modelling in Italy from the 16th to early 19th centuries.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Although the contribution to anatomical illustration by Vesalius and his followers has received much attention, less credit has been given to Veslingius and particularly Fabricius. By 1600, Fabricius had amassed more than 300 paintings that together made the Tabulae Pictae, a great atlas of anatomy that was highly admired by his contemporaries. Many of his new observations were incorporated into subsequent books, including those by Casserius, Spighelius, Harvey and Veslingius. Also of importance were the Tabulae by Eustachius (1552), which, although only published in 1714, greatly influenced anatomical wax mod...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 9, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Riva A, Conti G, Solinas P, Loy F Tags: J Anat Source Type: journals

The enamel-dentine junction in the postcanine dentition of Australopithecus africanus: intra-individual metameric and antimeric variation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract We used micro-computed tomography and virtual tools to study metric and morphological features at the enamel-dentine junction and on the outer enamel surface in the postcanine dentition of an exceptionally well-preserved maxilla and mandible of an early hominin. The fossil, Sts 52 from Sterkfontein, South Africa, is attributed to Australopithecus africanus and is about 2.5 million years old. For comparative purposes in this exploratory study, we also used micro-computed tomography to analyse the dentition of a common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), a pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus) and three extant humans. Metam...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 9, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Braga J, Thackeray JF, Subsol G, Kahn JL, Maret D, Treil J, Beck A Tags: J Anat Source Type: journals

Dynamic expression of Six family genes in the dental mesenchyme and the epithelial ameloblast stem/progenitor cells during murine tooth development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined expression of six members of the Six family genes in the dental mesenchyme and the dental epithelium of the developing tooth germs in mice by in situ hybridization. We found dynamic expression patterns for Six1, Six2, Six4 and Six5 in the oral epithelium and mesenchymal cells with distinct expression patterns at the early stage before invagination of the dental epithelium. In addition, expression of Six1 and Six4 was observed in the inner enamel epithelium of the incisor and molar tooth germs at the cap stage. Expression of Six5 was maintained in the bell stage tooth germs, and intense expression...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 9, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Nonomura K, Takahashi M, Wakamatsu Y, Takano-Yamamoto T, Osumi N Tags: J Anat Source Type: journals

Functional morphology of the sound-generating labia in the syrinx of two songbird species.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In songbirds, two sound sources inside the syrinx are used to produce the primary sound. Laterally positioned labia are passively set into vibration, thus interrupting a passing air stream. Together with subsyringeal pressure, the size and tension of the labia determine the spectral characteristics of the primary sound. Very little is known about how the histological composition and morphology of the labia affect their function as sound generators. Here we related the size and microstructure of the labia to their acoustic function in two songbird species with different acoustic characteristics, the white-crown...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 9, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Riede T, Goller F Tags: J Anat Source Type: journals

The evolution of human artistic creativity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Creating visual art is one of the defining characteristics of the human species, but the paucity of archaeological evidence means that we have limited information on the origin and evolution of this aspect of human culture. The components of art include colour, pattern and the reproduction of visual likeness. The 2D and 3D art forms that were created by Upper Palaeolithic Europeans at least 30 000 years ago are conceptually equivalent to those created in recent centuries, indicating that human cognition and symbolling activity, as well as anatomy, were fully modern by that time. The origins of art are therefor...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 9, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Morriss-Kay GM Tags: J Anat Source Type: journals

Attitudes of healthcare students on gross anatomy laboratory sessionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study provides support for the implementation of multiple laboratory sessions using cadavers into a uniform curriculum for physical therapy students in Japan. Anat Sci Educ. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists. (Source: Anatomical Sciences Education)
Source: Anatomical Sciences Education - November 7, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Yukiko Kawashiro, Reiko Anahara, Toshihiko Kohno, Chisato Mori, Yoshiharu Matsuno Source Type: journals

Antifertility Characteristics of the N-terminal Region of Mouse Equatorial Segment Protein.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To investigate antifertility characteristics of the equatorial segment protein (ESP) and its potential immunocontraceptive effect, three partially overlapping cDNA fragments P1/P2/P3, together covering the entire mouse ESP, were cloned, expressed, and purified. The roles of P1/P2/P3 in fertility were investigated through in vitro fertilization and mouse mating test. Antibodies against P1/P2 significantly reduced the rates of fertilization in vitro in the zona-intact experiments. Coincubation of zona-free mouse oocytes with capacitated mouse spermatozoa in the presence of antibodies against P1/P2 also inhibited sperm-oo...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Lv ZM, Wang M, Xu C Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Localization and Expression of Peroxiredoxin II in the Mouse Ovary, Oviduct, Uterus, and Preimplantation Embryo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we aimed to study the localization and expression of Prx II in the mouse ovary, oviduct, and uterus, and preimplantation embryos. Immunohistochemical staining analysis showed that, in the ovary, Prx II was expressed in the oocyte cytoplasm of the primary follicle, the secondary follicle, and the premature follicle; Prx II was expressed in germinal vesicle-intact oocytes (GV oocytes) and metaphase II eggs (MII eggs), as well as at various stages in early embryos. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results indicated that the Prx II mRNA was expressed at a high level in GV eggs, slightly l...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Wang S, Huang W, Shi H, Lin C, Xie M, Wang J Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Immunohistochemical Characterization of Human Fetal Olfactory Bulb and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Culture as a Source for Clinical CNS Restoration.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clinical studies have expanded the therapeutic olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation to different human Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases. In fact, the OEC transplantation in clinic is a mixture of olfactory bulb cells; they even have not demonstrated that they have such a subpopulation yet. However, as a source of OECs transplantation, the development and identification of human fetal OECs are still need more understanding, because some surgery try to restoration CNS injury with a more purity of OEC cultures generated by a number of different procedures. In this article, twelve human fetal olfactory b...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Liu K, Li Y, Wang H, Jiang X, Zhao Y, Sun D, Chen L, Young W, Huang H, Zhou C Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Structure of Tight Junctions in Mouse Submandibular Gland.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined TJs of mouse submandibular glands (SMG) in thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas. TJs between acinar cells and between intercalated duct cells had 2-6 parallel strands on the protoplasmic fracture face, with occasional branches, interconnections and free ends, and corresponding grooves on the extracellular face. Granular duct cell TJs had 2-30 strands, a depth of </=0.5 mum, and occasional loops extending further basally. Where 3 or 4 cells met, the TJs extended basally </=1 mum and consisted of 2 parallel boundary strands into which the apical strands inserted. Quantitative analyses showed significa...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Kikuchi K, Kawedia J, Menon AG, Hand AR Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Effect of Maternal Malnutrition During Lactation on the Endometrial ERalpha Expression, Collagen Type, and Blood Vessels in the Rats Offspring at Puberty.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, maternal malnutrition during lactation caused changes in endometrial angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and Eralpha expression in female offspring that will appear in puberty and could affect the reproductive biology of the female offspring. Anat Rec, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. PMID: 19899115 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anatomical Record)
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Bittencourt Brasil F, Silva Faria T, Barcellos Sampaio FJ, Fonte Ramos CD Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Age-Related Changes in Craniofacial Morphology in GDF-8 (Myostatin)-Deficient Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines the onset and relationship between hypermuscularity and craniofacial morphology in neonatal and adult mice with GDF-8 deficiency. Fifteen (8 wild-type and 7 GDF-8 -/-), 1-day-old and 16 (9 wt and 7 GDF-8 -/-), 180-day-old male CD-1 mice were used. Standardized radiographs were taken of each head, scanned, traced, and cephalometric landmarks identified. Significant mean differences were assessed using a group x age, two-way ANOVA. Myostatin-deficient mice had significantly (P < 0.01) smaller body and masseter muscle weights and craniofacial skeletons at 1 day of age and significantly greater body and ...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Vecchione L, Miller J, Byron C, Cooper GM, Barbano T, Cray J, Losee JE, Hamrick MW, Sciote JJ, Mooney MP Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Development of the Stapedius Muscle and Unilateral Agenesia of the Tendon of the Stapedius Muscle in a Human Fetus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective was to analyze the development of the stapedius muscle to understand an isolated unilateral absence of the tendon of the stapedius muscle in a human fetus. The study was made on 50 human embryos and fetuses aged 38 days to 17 weeks post-conception. The stapedius muscle was formed by two anlagen, one for the tendon, which derives from the internal segment of the interhyale and another for the belly, located in the second pharyngeal arch, medially to the facial nerve and near the interhyale. In the interhyale, two segments were observed forming an angle and delimited by the attachment of the belly of the staped...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Mérida-Velasco JR, Verdugo-López S Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Developmental Pattern of the Right Atrioventricular Septal Valve Leaflet and Tendinous Cords.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No consensus exists regarding the precise contribution of myocardium and the atrioventricular (AV) cushion mesenchyme to the development of leaflets, tendinous cords (TCs) and papillary muscles. Furthermore, the origin and fate of the myocardium embedded in the immature mesenchyme of the AV cushions at the beginning of AV valvulogenesis is controversial. Some authors have suggested that these cells result from a mesenchyme-to-myocardium transformation. In contrast, other researchers have concluded that they are derived from the myocardial ventricular wall and the interventricular septum (IVS). On the other hand, it has...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Guzmán LV, Mayoral PV, Valencia JP, Pine SS, Gómez CS Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Rudimentary Eyes of Squamate Fossorial Reptiles (Amphisbaenia and Serpentes).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The rudimentary characteristic of the eyes of fossorial animals raises some questions regarding its evolution and functionality. Would these eyes result from atrophy or from stagnated development? How would its visual function work? Anatomical investigations of these organs are the fundamental preamble to answer those questions, which are still little explored by the literature. In this article we have studied anatomical aspects of the eyes of three species of fossorial reptiles, within the suborder Amphisbaena (Amphisbaena alba, Amphisbaena mertensi, Leposternon infraorbitale), as well as a species within the ophidian...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Foureaux G, Egami MI, Jared C, Antoniazzi MM, Gutierre RC, Smith RL Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Occlusal Development and Masseter Activity in Alpacas (Lama pacos).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tooth eruption and the development of occlusion are significant ontogenetic changes in the masticatory apparatus of mammals. Here, we test the hypothesis that changes in masseter activity are correlated with increased occlusal contacts at major stages of dental development in the alpaca, Lama pacos. We compare electromyographic data from the superficial and deep masseter in infant and juvenile alpacas prior to and following m1 occlusion and from adults with full permanent dentitions. The pre-m1 and post-m1 occlusion groups exhibit similar masseter activity durations, chewing cycle durations, and with the exception of t...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Williams SH, Sidote J, Stover KK Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

SLC/CCR7 Stimulates the Proliferation of BMDCs by the pNF-kappaB p65 Pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined the effect of SLC at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 ng/mL) on the proliferation of bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). ELC (CCL19), another high-affinity ligand for CCR7, was used as the control at the same time. We found that SLC directly stimulated the proliferation of BMDCs and enhanced the antigen-presenting function and CCR7 expression. Western blot analysis showed that pNF-kappaBp65 was involved in this mechanism. We also found that the NF-kappaB inhibitor PDTC could specifically block the proliferation and CCR7 expression of BMDCs induced by SLC or ELC (20...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Zhou S, Li R, Qin J, Zhong C, Liang C Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

A head in virtual reality: Development of a dynamic head and neck modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Advances in computer and interface technologies have made it possible to create three-dimensional (3D) computerized models of anatomical structures for visualization, manipulation, and interaction in a virtual 3D environment. In the past few decades, a multitude of digital models have been developed to facilitate complex spatial learning of the human body. However, there is limited empirical evidence to guide the development and integration of effective computer models for teaching and learning. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a dynamic head and neck model with flexible displays (2D, 3D, and s...
Source: Anatomical Sciences Education - November 5, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ngan Nguyen, Timothy D. Wilson Source Type: journals

Ultrasound–anatomic correlation of the peripheral nerves of the upper limbEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion Ultrasound is a useful tool to identify the main nerves of the upper arm. This atlas indicates the locations and relations among the nerves, correlating with the ultrasound appearance. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Teaching AnatomyDOI 10.1007/s00276-009-0583-yAuthors Xavier Bargalló, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Department of Radiology (CDIC) C/Villarroel, 170 08036 Barcelona SpainAnna Carrera, Universitat de Barcelona Department of Anatomy, Facultat de Medicina Barcelona SpainXavier Sala-Blanch, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Department of Anaesthesiology Barcelona SpainGorane Santa...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - November 4, 2009 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: journals