Anatomy Research This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 12.

Super-dose Anti-VEGF (SAVE) Trial: 2.0 mg Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Recalcitrant Neovascular Macular Degeneration–Primary End Point
Conclusions: Intravitreal injections of 2.0 mg ranibizumab led to statistically significant VA gains and anatomic improvement in patients with persistent intraretinal, subretinal, or subretinal pigment epithelial fluid during a previous regimen of chronic monthly 0.5-mg ranibizumab injections. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Source: Ophthalmology - November 5, 2012 Category: Opthalmology Authors: David M. Brown, Eric Chen, Angeline Mariani, James C. Major, SAVE Study Group Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Evaluation of valvular disease by cardiac computed tomography assessment
Abstract: Cardiac multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography is emerging as a technique to evaluate cardiac valve structure and function. MDCT can provide insights into cardiac valve anatomy and pathologic states, including comparable efficacy in valve area and regurgitant orifice area assessment compared with echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. MDCT can also be useful when initial evaluation of valvular disease with echocardiography yields suboptimal images. MDCT provides concurrent visualization of coronary anatomy which may avoid the need for further invasive preoperative testing. Overall, more st...
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography - November 5, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Anshu K. Buttan, Eric H. Yang, Matthew J. Budoff, Gabriel Vorobiof Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Electrodiagnosis of Brachial Plexopathies and Proximal Upper Extremity Neuropathies
This article describes the normal anatomy of the brachial plexus and its major terminal branches, as well as the major causes and clinical presentations of lesions of these structures. An approach to electrodiagnosis of brachial plexopathies and proximal upper extremity neuropathies is provided, with an emphasis on those nerve conduction studies and portions of the needle examination, which permit localization of lesions to specific trunks, cords, and terminal branches. The importance of specific sensory nerve conduction studies for differentiating plexopathies from radiculopathies and mononeuropathies is emphasized.
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - November 5, 2012 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Zachary Simmons Source Type: research

Hippocampal volume in subjects at high risk of psychosis: A longitudinal MRI study
Abstract: Introduction: The hippocampal formation has been studied extensively in schizophrenic psychoses and alterations in hippocampal anatomy have been consistently reported. Chronic schizophrenia seems to be associated with bilateral hippocampal volume (HV) reduction, while in patients with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) there are contradictory results. This is the first region of interest (ROI) based follow-up MRI study of hippocampal volume comparing ARMS individuals with and without transition to psychosis. The aim was to investigate the timing of HV changes in ARMS in the early phase of psychosis.Methods: Magnetic ...
Source: Schizophrenia Research - November 5, 2012 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Anna Walter, Erich Studerus, Renata Smieskova, Pascal Kuster, Jacqueline Aston, Undine E. Lang, Ernst-Wilhelm Radue, Anita Riecher-Rössler, Stefan Borgwardt Tags: Neuroimaging Source Type: research

TFPI-2 Downregulates Multidrug Resistance Protein in 5-FU-Resistant Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma BEL-7402/5-FU Cells.
This study investigated the effect of TFPI-2 in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant human hepatocellular cancer BEL-7402/5-FU cells in vitro. We constructed TFPI-2 overexpression BEL-7402/5-FU cell lines and explored resistance index (RI) of 5-FU, function of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump, and the mRNA and protein expression of drug resistance gene, including multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), lung-resistance protein (LRP), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), glutathione-S-transferase-π (GST-π), excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), and p38 phosphorylation. We found that TFPI-2 improved the R...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 4, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Lu F, Hou YQ, Song Y, Yuan ZJ Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Patella instability: building bridges across the ocean a historic review
This article will review the developments in the management of patellar dislocations by tracing their historical roots. This is not meant to be a comprehensive review, but rather to give current readers a “historical memory” upon which to judge and interpret our present-day bridge of knowledge. Level of evidence V. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory KneePages 1-15DOI 10.1007/s00167-012-2274-1Authors Elizabeth A. Arendt, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Av., Suite R200, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USADavid Dejour, Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique Sauvegarde, 8 Avenue Ben Gourio...
Source: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy - November 3, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Source Type: research

Tumor location and nature of lymphatic vessels are key determinants of cancer metastasis
This study shows that the proximity of a VEGF-D+ primary tumor to small lymphatics is an important determinant of metastasis. These observations may explain why tumor location relative to the lymphatic network is prognostically important for some human cancers. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research PaperPages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s10585-012-9541-xAuthors Ramin Shayan, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Post Office Box 2008, Parkville, VIC 3050, AustraliaRachael Inder, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Post Office Box 2008, Parkville, VIC 3050, AustraliaT...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Metastasis - November 2, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Clinical and Experimental Metastasis Source Type: research

A comparison of subchondral bone mineralization between the glenoid cavity and the humeral head on 57 cadaverous shoulder joints
Conclusions We could demonstrate that stress distribution in both joint partners of the glenohumeral joint is inhomogeneous and characteristically bicentric due to the physiological incongruity. Monocentric mineralization patterns can result as a cause of age-related loss of incongruity. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-1034-8Authors Marko Kraljević, Anatomical Institute, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 20, 4056 Basel, SwitzerlandValentin Zumstein, Anatomical Institute, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 20, 4056 Basel, SwitzerlandRolf ...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - November 2, 2012 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: research

[Perspectives] November, 2012
The heart I am holding is pure white in colour: a section has been cut out of a ventricle, allowing me to see inside. I can make out the details of the chordae tendineae, and the delicate flaps of the valves. It's only on looking closer—much closer—that a subtle pattern of ridges on the surface is apparent. The anatomy is real, but the heart is not. It is a 3D printed copy of the original that sits on the shelf in front of me.
Source: LANCET - November 2, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Niall Boyce Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research

Role of oxygen gradients in shaping redox relationships between the human intestine and its microbiota.
Abstract The unique anatomy and physiology of the intestine in conjunction with its microbial content create the steepest oxygen gradients in the body, which plunge to near anoxia at the luminal midpoint. Far from static, intestinal oxygen gradients ebb and flow with every meal. This in turn governs redox effectors nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and reactive oxygen species of both host and bacterial origin. The review will illustrate how the intestine and microbes utilize oxygen gradients as a backdrop toward mechanistically shaping redox relationships and a functional coexistence. PMID: 23127782 [PubMed - as s...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - November 2, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Graham Espey M Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Giant flightless bats from the future
[caption id="attachment_4872" align="aligncenter" width="600" caption="Dougal Dixon's Night stalker Manambulus perhorridus, from the 1981 speculative classic After Man."] [/caption]Of the world's 5700-odd living species of mammal, more than 1200 are bats, making them the most speciose mammalian group after rodents (of which there are about 2200 species). Bats are phenomenally diverse and occur in most terrestrial environments around the world. Understandably, they're often compared to birds, and several bat groups - those that eat fruit and those that hunt insects and birds on the wing - are undeniably similar, in eco...
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - November 1, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Evolution Source Type: research

Urethral Cancer
This article discusses the histology and anatomy of the male and female urethra, as well as their natural history. In addition, the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and future directions of management of cancer arising in the urethra are addressed.
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Petros D. Grivas, Matthew Davenport, James E. Montie, L. Priya Kunju, Felix Feng, Alon Z. Weizer Source Type: research

‘Web impingement’ of the ankle: a case report
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to EditorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00167-012-2266-1Authors Kars P. Valkering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The NetherlandsPau Golanó, Laboratory of Arthroscopic and Surgical Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (Human Anatomy Unit), University of Barcelona, c/Feixa Llarga s/n (Campus Bellvitge), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainC. Niek van Dijk, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 ...
Source: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy - November 1, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Source Type: research

Alternative method for accessing the target coronary artery in patients with difficult coronary anatomy: exchanging the diagnostic catheter with a guiding catheter.
We report a method of the placement of the guiding catheter in two cases in which the diagnostic catheter could be easily engaged to the target coronary arteries but not a guiding catheter, due to a distorted aortic sinus and an osteal subtotal occlusion, respectively. After engaging to the target coronary artery with a diagnostic catheter, a coronary guidewire was advanced through the diagnostic catheter, and exchanged with a guiding catheter over the guidewires. The procedures were completed with success. PMID: 23363949 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi - November 1, 2012 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kardeşoğlu E, Yalçın M, Celik T, Ozmen N Tags: Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars Source Type: research

A Novel Technique for the Implantation of Paddle Leads in the Cervical Spine
ConclusionA new technique is presented that allows easy and reliable implantation of cervical paddle leads in the neck with a low risk of iatrogenic complications.
Source: Neuromodulation - November 1, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Jacob Amrani Tags: Case Series Source Type: research

Pedagogical value of dissection anatomy in Kenya.
This article shares our experience at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi, and presents arguments for the dissection course as a central tool for teaching macroscopic anatomy. PMID: 23192496 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Singapore Medical Journal - November 1, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Ongeti K Tags: Singapore Med J Source Type: research

Human cadaveric study of the morphology of the basilar artery.
Conclusion: We highlight the morphological aspects of the BA, the knowledge of which would help neurosurgeons safely diagnose, as well as plan and execute vascular bypass and shunting procedures for the treatment of stenosis, aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations in the posterior cranial fossa. PMID: 23192505 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Singapore Medical Journal - November 1, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Mamatha H, D'Souza AS, Pallavi, Suhani S Tags: Singapore Med J Source Type: research

Recipient outcomes of dual and multiple renal arteries following 1000 consecutive laparoscopic donor nephrectomies at a single institution
ConclusionComplex vascular anatomy not a contraindication to LDN. Recipients of allograft with >2 arteries experience longer warm and cold ischemia times, greater incidence of DGF, and greater propensity for ureteral complications. Long term recipient outcomes remain excellent.
Source: Clinical Transplantation - November 1, 2012 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Matthew Cooper, Andrew Kramer, Joseph M. Nogueira, Michael Phelan Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Psychometric Properties and Podiatric Medical Student Perceptions of USMLE-style Items in a General Anatomy Course.
Conclusions: Students valued USMLE-style items. These data, coupled with the psychometric data, suggest that USMLE-style items can be successfully incorporated into a basic science course in podiatric medical education. Outcomes from students who recently took the APMLE Part I suggest that incorporation of USMLE-style items into the general anatomy course was a successful measure and prepared them well. PMID: 23204205 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association - November 1, 2012 Category: Podiatry Authors: D'Antoni AV, Dilandro AC, Chusid ED, Trepal MJ Tags: J Am Podiatr Med Assoc Source Type: research

[Applied anatomy of the reverse pedicled island skin flap with arterial arch at the superior border of the abductor hallucis muscle for repairing fore foot skin defect].
CONCLUSIONS: The fore foot skin defect can be repaired using this flap supplied by the branch of the anterior medial malleolus artery and the medial tarsal artery, the superficial branch of the medial plantar artery, or all the three. The pivot point formed by the neck of the first metatarsal or metatarsophalangeal joint allows for long vessel pedicles and larger flap areas to increase the flexibility of surgery. PMID: 23174582 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of Southern Medical University - November 1, 2012 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Tan W, Guli Zhaer A, Huang WH, Jiang XR Tags: Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao Source Type: research

Successful surgical repair of d-transposition of the great arteries in a separated conjoined twin.
CONCLUSION: Careful planning, skillful surgical separation and cardiac surgery by a combined medical and surgical team is the key to save the twins in such a rare case. PMID: 23151868 [PubMed - in process]
Source: World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP - November 1, 2012 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Chen G, Jia B, Zhang WB Tags: World J Pediatr Source Type: research

Effective detection and management of low-velocity Lisfranc injuries in the emergency setting: Principles for a subtle and commonly missed entity.
CONCLUSION: Although potentially devastating if missed, if a few treatment principles for low-velocity LFIs are applied from the initial presentation onward, outcomes from this injury can be optimized. PMID: 23152455 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien - November 1, 2012 Category: Primary Care Authors: Mayich DJ, Mayich MS, Daniels TR Tags: Can Fam Physician Source Type: research

A stochastic mathematical model to study the autoimmune progression towards type 1 diabetes
ConclusionsOur results suggest that the islet tissue is biophysically robust enough to compensate high rates of beta cell loss. These predictions can be experimentally tested ‘in vitro’ quantifying space and time electrophysiological dynamics of animal islets kept at different glucose gradients. The model indicates the necessity of maintaining glycaemia within physiological levels as soon as possible after diabetes onset in order to avoid a dramatic interruption of Ca2+ pulsatility and consequent drop of insulin release. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - November 1, 2012 Category: Endocrinology Authors: R. Portuesi, C. Cherubini, A. Gizzi, R. Buzzetti, P. Pozzilli, S. Filippi Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Editorial
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: R. Shane Tubbs Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Anatomical study of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior cruciate ligament for double-bundle reconstruction using the quadruple bone-tunnel technique.
CONCLUSIONS: These results have led to a better definition of the anatomy of the AL and PM bundle footprint of the PCL. The technique of double-bundle PCL reconstruction using quadruple bone-tunnel is feasible. Application of these data during PCL reconstruction using the quadruple bone-tunnel technique may help optimize knee stability. PMID: 23158127 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Chinese Medical Journal - November 1, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Luo H, Ao YF, Zhang WG, Liu SY, Zhang JY, Yu JK Tags: Chin Med J (Engl) Source Type: research

Clinical and Electrodiagnostic Features of Sciatic Neuropathies
This article reviews the anatomy, clinical features, pathophysiology, and electrodiagnostic assessment of sciatic neuropathies. There are multiple potential sites of pathology, determined in part by the mechanism of insult, including trauma, compression, masses, inflammation, and vascular lesions. Diagnosis is augmented by careful electrodiagnostic studies and imaging to help distinguish sciatic neuropathy from other sources of pathology. Electrodiagnostic studies may also help in assessing for early recovery and in determining prognosis.
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: B. Jane Distad, Michael D. Weiss Source Type: research

Neuroanatomy of the female abdominopelvic region: A review with application to pelvic pain syndromes
Abstract Pelvic pain can be a life altering disease. Multiple pathologies can affect this region resulting in neurologic issues. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the nerve supply to this region is important for the clinician who treats such patients. The current review outlines the anatomy of the nervous system of the abdominopelvic region with special attention to this anatomy in the female. Clin. Anat., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Mohammadali M. Shoja, Amit Sharma, Nadine Mirzayan, Chris Groat, Koichi Watanabe, Marios Loukas, R. Shane Tubbs Tags: Review Source Type: research

Using imaging‐based, three‐dimensional models of the cervix and uterus for studies of cervical changes during pregnancy
Abstract Preterm birth affects over 12% of all pregnancies in the United States for an annual healthcare cost of $26 billion. Preterm birth is a multifactorial disorder but cervical abnormalities are a prominent feature in many patients. Women with a short cervix are known to be at increased risk for preterm birth and a short cervix is used to target therapy to prevent preterm birth. Although the clinical significance of a short cervix is well known, the three‐dimensional anatomical changes that lead to cervical shortening are poorly understood. Here, we review our previous studies of the three‐dimensional anatomy of t...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Michael House, Reid McCABE, Simona Socrate Tags: Review Source Type: research

Outcomes of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair in Patients with Hostile Neck Anatomy
This study aims to evaluate outcomes following EVAR in patients with hostile neck anatomy (HNA).Methods: Data prospectively collected from 552 elective EVARs were analysed retrospectively. Data regarding neck morphology was obtained from aneurysm stent plans produced prior to EVAR. HNA was defined as any of; neck diameter >28 mm, neck angulation >60°, neck length
Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery - November 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: P.W. Stather, R.D. Sayers, A. Cheah, J.B. Wild, M.J. Bown, E. Choke Tags: Aneurysms Source Type: research

Spontaneously perforated pyometra: an unusual cause of acute abdomen and pneumoperitoneum.
We report a rare case of spontaneously perforated pyometra presenting with generalised peritonitis and pneumoperitoneum. Perforation of the uterus is also unusual and often associated with the presence of an intrauterine device, a gravid uterus or malignancy. Our case illustrates the importance of clinical knowledge of acute and neoplastic gynaecological diseases, which are not uncommonly encountered by the general surgeon. Moreover, good appreciation of pelvic anatomy and close collaboration with gynaecology colleagues is essential as operative intervention is often required. PMID: 23131215 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England - November 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Shapey IM, Nasser T, Dickens P, Haldar M, Solkar MH Tags: Ann R Coll Surg Engl Source Type: research

Imaging prostate cancer.
This article reviews the anatomy of the prostate gland, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques, and the role MR imaging in the setting of prostate cancer. Sequences discussed include T2-weighted MR imaging, proton ((1)H) MR spectroscopic imaging, diffusion-weighted MR imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. MR imaging can be applied as an adjuvant tool to establish the diagnosis, localize, determine the extent, and estimate the aggressiveness of prostate cancers. The role of transrectal ultrasonography, computed tomography, and radionuclide scans is also briefly discussed. PMID: 23122037 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Radiologic Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Jung AJ, Westphalen AC Tags: Radiol Clin North Am Source Type: research

Pelvic nodal imaging.
This article focuses on the clinical anatomy, pathways of lymphatic spread of malignancies, current criteria, and newer advances in imaging of male pelvic nodes. PMID: 23122041 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Radiologic Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Hedgire SS, Pargaonkar VK, Elmi A, Harisinghani AM, Harisinghani MG Tags: Radiol Clin North Am Source Type: research

Imaging of the scrotum.
This article reviews ultrasound and MR imaging features of various intratesticular and extratesticular lesions including acute and nonacute conditions of the scrotum. Nonneoplastic lesions that can mimic scrotal malignancy are discussed. Normal anatomy and imaging techniques are also presented. PMID: 23122043 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Radiologic Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Aganovic L, Cassidy F Tags: Radiol Clin North Am Source Type: research

Imaging of male pelvic trauma.
Abstract Prompt imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of male pelvic soft tissue trauma. Using appropriate imaging modalities, with optimization of contrast administration when appropriate, is essential for accurate diagnosis. Traumatic bladder rupture, either extraperitoneal or intraperitoneal, is diagnosed with high accuracy using computed tomography cystography. Suspicion of urethral injury warrants evaluation with retrograde urethrography to evaluate for the presence of injury and injury location. Early identification of laceration of the testicular tunica albuginea is essential. Understanding both ...
Source: Radiologic Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Avery LL, Scheinfeld MH Tags: Radiol Clin North Am Source Type: research

Preliminary Application of High-Definition CT Gemstone Spectral Imaging in Hand and Foot Tendons.
CONCLUSION: GSI with monochromatic images at 65 keV displays clearly the most hand and foot tendon anatomy and disorders with image quality improved, as compared with conventional polychromatic images. It may be used solely or combined with MRI in clinical work, depending on individual patient disease condition. PMID: 23118573 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Korean J Radiol - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Deng K, Zhang CQ, Li W, Wang JJ, Wang XY, Pang T, Wang GL, Liu C Tags: Korean J Radiol Source Type: research

Percutaneous biliary drainage using open cell stents for malignant biliary hilar obstruction.
CONCLUSION: Applying an open cell stent in the biliary system is feasible, and can be effective, especially in multiple intersecting stent insertions in the hepatic hilum. PMID: 23118579 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Korean J Radiol - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Ahn SJ, Bae JI, Han TS, Won JH, Kim JD, Kwack KS, Lee JH, Kim YC Tags: Korean J Radiol Source Type: research

MRI of the penis.
Abstract MRI of the penis is an expensive test that is not always superior to clinical examination or ultrasound. However, it shows many of the important structures, and in particular the combination of tumescence from intracavernosal alprostadil, and high-resolution T(2) sequences show the glans, corpora and the tunica albuginea well. In this paper we summarise the radiological anatomy and discuss the indications for MRI. For penile cancer, it may be useful in cases where the local stage is not apparent clinically. In priapism, it is an emerging technique for assessing corporal viability, and in fracture it can in...
Source: The British Journal of Radiology - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Kirkham A Tags: Br J Radiol Source Type: research

Flapless implant surgery
Endosseous dental implants allow dentists to dependably and predictably replace missing teeth and improve the quality of life for many patients. Practitioners now seek to make further advancements in this area, including minimizing perioperative and postoperative discomfort, maximizing aesthetic outcomes, and improving long-term success rates. Flapless implant surgery simplifies the surgery from the patient’s standpoint but can be risky because the implants are placed while the practitioner is essentially unable to see the status and morphology of the underlying bone. Both excellent treatment planning and operator skill ...
Source: Dental Abstracts - November 1, 2012 Category: Dentistry Tags: Implants Source Type: research

Clinical implication of Meissner's corpuscles.
Abstract During the last decade skin biopsy has been confirmed as a tool to provide diagnostic information on some peripheral neuropathies. Most studies were focused on intraepithelial nerve fibers and few studies have investigated large myelinated fibers or whether corpuscles in human skin change quantitatively or qualitatively in pathologies of the peripheral or central nervous system. The main objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of Meissner's corpuscles including their distribution, density and age changes, development, molecular composition, cellular anatomy and physiology. We also de...
Source: CNS and Neurological Disorders Drug Targets - November 1, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Vega JA, López-Muñiz A, Calavia MG, García-Suárez O, Cobo J, Otero J, Arias-Carrión O, Pérez-Piñera P, Menéndez-González M Tags: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research

Expression and Function of Ferroportin 1 in O-2A Progenitor Cells.
Abstract Iron plays a crucial role in the survival, differentiation, and myelin formation of oligodendrocyte lineages. However, the regulation mechanism of iron homeostasis in oligodendrocytes remains unclear. Recently, much research has focused on Ferroportin 1 (FPN1), an iron exporter protein. First, about 95% pure primary rat O-2A progenitor cells were obtained by shaking methods in our laboratory. The expression of FPN1 mRNA and protein in O-2A progenitor cells were determined by reverse transcription-PCR and western blot. In addition, the localization of FPN1 at the cell membrane, in the cytoplasm and in proce...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Lin Q, Feng J, Zhao X, Zhang G, Wang W Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Morphological Variation of Primary Reproductive Structures in Males of Five Families of Neotropical Bats.
Abstract Bats present unique features among mammals with respect to reproduction, and although neotropical bats do not have a hibernation period, many of their reproductive characteristics vary seasonally and interspecifically. Thus, this work aimed to examine the reproductive structures of 18 species belonging to five families of Brazilian bats. The gross anatomy of the testes varied little; however, the epididymis of Emballonuridae and Vespertilionidae showed exceptional structures with a large elongation of the caudal region. We observed a wide variation in the positioning of the testes: Phyllostomidae and Nocti...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Beguelini MR, Puga CC, Martins FF, Betoli AH, Taboga SR, Morielle-Versute E Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Sex-Related Shape Dimorphism in the Human Radiocarpal and Midcarpal Joints.
This study investigated sex-related shape variation and allometric patterns in five carpal bones that make up the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints in modern humans. We found that many aspects of carpal shape (76% of all variables quantified) were similar between males and females, despite variation in size. However, 10 of the shape ratios were significantly different between males and females, with at least one significant shape difference observed in each carpal bone. Within-sex standard major axis regressions (SMA) of the numerator (i.e., the linear variables) on the denominator (i.e., the geometric mean) for each signif...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Kivell TL, Guimont I, Wall CE Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Lysosome Dysfunction Enhances Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis through Ubiquitinated Protein Accumulation in Hela Cells.
Abstract The role of lysosomal system in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in cancer cells is not fully understood. Menadione is frequently used as oxidative stress model. It is indicated that menadione could induce autophagy in Hela cells. In the present study, we examined whether the lysosomal inhibitor, ammonium chloride (NH(4) Cl) could prevent the autophagy flux by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and enhance apoptosis induced by menadione via mitochondrial pathway. The results demonstrated generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and increased levels of ubiquitinated prote...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Yu C, Huang X, Xu Y, Li H, Su J, Zhong J, Kang J, Liu Y, Sun L Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Audiovisual biofeedback improves diaphragm motion reproducibility in MRI.
Conclusions: This study was the first to investigate the potential of AV biofeedback to improve the motion reproducibility of internal anatomy using MRI. The study demonstrated the significant improvement in diaphragm motion reproducibility using AV biofeedback combined with MRI. This system can potentially provide clinically beneficial motion management of internal anatomy in MRI and radiotherapy. PMID: 23127085 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical Physics - November 1, 2012 Category: Physics Authors: Kim T, Pollock S, Lee D, O'Brien R, Keall P Tags: Med Phys Source Type: research

4D cone beam CT via spatiotemporal tensor framelet.
Conclusions: By effectively utilizing the spatiotemporal coherence of the patient anatomy among different respiratory phases in a multilevel fashion with multibasis sparsifying transform, the proposed STF method potentially enables fast and low-dose 4DCBCT with improved image quality. PMID: 23127087 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical Physics - November 1, 2012 Category: Physics Authors: Gao H, Li R, Lin Y, Xing L Tags: Med Phys Source Type: research

Ultrasound in Pregnancy
For the emergency physician tasked with evaluating the patient with an obstetric emergency, ultrasound can provide important and potentially life-saving information. Ultrasound of the pregnant patient is unique in that two possible approaches can be used: transabdominal and transvaginal. Another unique feature is that an understanding of developmental anatomy, which changes during pregnancy, is important. Two of the most basic yet important uses of ultrasound in the pregnant patient are to provide information concerning the gestational age of the pregnancy and the fetal heart rate. Ultrasound has a major role in the diagno...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Sam Hsu, Brian D. Euerle Source Type: research

Practical Otic Anatomy and Physiology of the Dog and Cat
This article provides a brief discussion of the various anatomic features of the ear and normal physiology of portions of the ear.
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - November 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Bradley L. Njaa, Lynette K. Cole, Natalie Tabacca Source Type: research

Computational and bioengineered lungs as alternatives to whole animal, isolated organ, and cell-based lung models
Development of lung models for testing a drug substance or delivery system has been an intensive area of research. However, a model that mimics physiological and anatomical features of human lungs is yet to be established. Although in vitro lung models, developed and fine-tuned over the past few decades, were instrumental for the development of many commercially available drugs, they are suboptimal in reproducing the physiological microenvironment and complex anatomy of human lungs. Similarly, intersubject variability and high costs have been major limitations of using animals in the development and discovery of drugs used...
Source: AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - November 1, 2012 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Patel, B., Gauvin, R., Absar, S., Gupta, V., Gupta, N., Nahar, K., Khademhosseini, A., Ahsan, F. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research

Principles and management of head and neck cancer
This article outlines the relevant anatomy, aetiology, presentation, examination and investigatory pathway for this group of patients including relevant national guidelines. An overview of surgical and non-surgical managements available for early and late stage tumours is given. This is supported by information about the multidisciplinary approach to these cancers which is current best practice. Potential future developments in management are discussed.
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - November 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Shane Lester, Woo-Young Yang Tags: Head and neck Source Type: research

Diseases of the salivary glands
Abstract: Salivary gland disease is managed by a number of specialities. There are three pairs of major salivary glands and several hundred minor salivary glands within the upper aerodigestive tract. Pathology is diverse, including infective, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Clinical presentation is usually with a lump within, or swelling of the gland. Investigations combine clinical assessment, fine needle aspiration cytology and radiology. Management is medical or surgical dependent on pathology. Surgical intervention is commonly performed for chronic inflammatory disorders and neoplasms. Management requires a sound...
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - November 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Paula Bradley, James O'Hara Tags: Head and neck Source Type: research