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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 13.

Urethral Cancer
This article discusses the histology and anatomy of the male and female urethra, as well as their natural history. In addition, the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and future directions of management of cancer arising in the urethra are addressed.
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Petros D. Grivas, Matthew Davenport, James E. Montie, L. Priya Kunju, Felix Feng, Alon Z. Weizer Source Type: research

‘Web impingement’ of the ankle: a case report
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to EditorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00167-012-2266-1Authors Kars P. Valkering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The NetherlandsPau Golanó, Laboratory of Arthroscopic and Surgical Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (Human Anatomy Unit), University of Barcelona, c/Feixa Llarga s/n (Campus Bellvitge), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainC. Niek van Dijk, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 ...
Source: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy - November 1, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Source Type: research

Alternative method for accessing the target coronary artery in patients with difficult coronary anatomy: exchanging the diagnostic catheter with a guiding catheter.
We report a method of the placement of the guiding catheter in two cases in which the diagnostic catheter could be easily engaged to the target coronary arteries but not a guiding catheter, due to a distorted aortic sinus and an osteal subtotal occlusion, respectively. After engaging to the target coronary artery with a diagnostic catheter, a coronary guidewire was advanced through the diagnostic catheter, and exchanged with a guiding catheter over the guidewires. The procedures were completed with success. PMID: 23363949 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi - November 1, 2012 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kardeşoğlu E, Yalçın M, Celik T, Ozmen N Tags: Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars Source Type: research

A Novel Technique for the Implantation of Paddle Leads in the Cervical Spine
ConclusionA new technique is presented that allows easy and reliable implantation of cervical paddle leads in the neck with a low risk of iatrogenic complications.
Source: Neuromodulation - November 1, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Jacob Amrani Tags: Case Series Source Type: research

Pedagogical value of dissection anatomy in Kenya.
This article shares our experience at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi, and presents arguments for the dissection course as a central tool for teaching macroscopic anatomy. PMID: 23192496 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Singapore Medical Journal - November 1, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Ongeti K Tags: Singapore Med J Source Type: research

Human cadaveric study of the morphology of the basilar artery.
Conclusion: We highlight the morphological aspects of the BA, the knowledge of which would help neurosurgeons safely diagnose, as well as plan and execute vascular bypass and shunting procedures for the treatment of stenosis, aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations in the posterior cranial fossa. PMID: 23192505 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Singapore Medical Journal - November 1, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Mamatha H, D'Souza AS, Pallavi, Suhani S Tags: Singapore Med J Source Type: research

Recipient outcomes of dual and multiple renal arteries following 1000 consecutive laparoscopic donor nephrectomies at a single institution
ConclusionComplex vascular anatomy not a contraindication to LDN. Recipients of allograft with >2 arteries experience longer warm and cold ischemia times, greater incidence of DGF, and greater propensity for ureteral complications. Long term recipient outcomes remain excellent.
Source: Clinical Transplantation - November 1, 2012 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Matthew Cooper, Andrew Kramer, Joseph M. Nogueira, Michael Phelan Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Psychometric Properties and Podiatric Medical Student Perceptions of USMLE-style Items in a General Anatomy Course.
Conclusions: Students valued USMLE-style items. These data, coupled with the psychometric data, suggest that USMLE-style items can be successfully incorporated into a basic science course in podiatric medical education. Outcomes from students who recently took the APMLE Part I suggest that incorporation of USMLE-style items into the general anatomy course was a successful measure and prepared them well. PMID: 23204205 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association - November 1, 2012 Category: Podiatry Authors: D'Antoni AV, Dilandro AC, Chusid ED, Trepal MJ Tags: J Am Podiatr Med Assoc Source Type: research

[Applied anatomy of the reverse pedicled island skin flap with arterial arch at the superior border of the abductor hallucis muscle for repairing fore foot skin defect].
CONCLUSIONS: The fore foot skin defect can be repaired using this flap supplied by the branch of the anterior medial malleolus artery and the medial tarsal artery, the superficial branch of the medial plantar artery, or all the three. The pivot point formed by the neck of the first metatarsal or metatarsophalangeal joint allows for long vessel pedicles and larger flap areas to increase the flexibility of surgery. PMID: 23174582 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of Southern Medical University - November 1, 2012 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Tan W, Guli Zhaer A, Huang WH, Jiang XR Tags: Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao Source Type: research

Successful surgical repair of d-transposition of the great arteries in a separated conjoined twin.
CONCLUSION: Careful planning, skillful surgical separation and cardiac surgery by a combined medical and surgical team is the key to save the twins in such a rare case. PMID: 23151868 [PubMed - in process]
Source: World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP - November 1, 2012 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Chen G, Jia B, Zhang WB Tags: World J Pediatr Source Type: research

Effective detection and management of low-velocity Lisfranc injuries in the emergency setting: Principles for a subtle and commonly missed entity.
CONCLUSION: Although potentially devastating if missed, if a few treatment principles for low-velocity LFIs are applied from the initial presentation onward, outcomes from this injury can be optimized. PMID: 23152455 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien - November 1, 2012 Category: Primary Care Authors: Mayich DJ, Mayich MS, Daniels TR Tags: Can Fam Physician Source Type: research

A stochastic mathematical model to study the autoimmune progression towards type 1 diabetes
ConclusionsOur results suggest that the islet tissue is biophysically robust enough to compensate high rates of beta cell loss. These predictions can be experimentally tested ‘in vitro’ quantifying space and time electrophysiological dynamics of animal islets kept at different glucose gradients. The model indicates the necessity of maintaining glycaemia within physiological levels as soon as possible after diabetes onset in order to avoid a dramatic interruption of Ca2+ pulsatility and consequent drop of insulin release. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - November 1, 2012 Category: Endocrinology Authors: R. Portuesi, C. Cherubini, A. Gizzi, R. Buzzetti, P. Pozzilli, S. Filippi Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Editorial
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: R. Shane Tubbs Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Anatomical study of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior cruciate ligament for double-bundle reconstruction using the quadruple bone-tunnel technique.
CONCLUSIONS: These results have led to a better definition of the anatomy of the AL and PM bundle footprint of the PCL. The technique of double-bundle PCL reconstruction using quadruple bone-tunnel is feasible. Application of these data during PCL reconstruction using the quadruple bone-tunnel technique may help optimize knee stability. PMID: 23158127 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Chinese Medical Journal - November 1, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Luo H, Ao YF, Zhang WG, Liu SY, Zhang JY, Yu JK Tags: Chin Med J (Engl) Source Type: research

Clinical and Electrodiagnostic Features of Sciatic Neuropathies
This article reviews the anatomy, clinical features, pathophysiology, and electrodiagnostic assessment of sciatic neuropathies. There are multiple potential sites of pathology, determined in part by the mechanism of insult, including trauma, compression, masses, inflammation, and vascular lesions. Diagnosis is augmented by careful electrodiagnostic studies and imaging to help distinguish sciatic neuropathy from other sources of pathology. Electrodiagnostic studies may also help in assessing for early recovery and in determining prognosis.
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: B. Jane Distad, Michael D. Weiss Source Type: research

Neuroanatomy of the female abdominopelvic region: A review with application to pelvic pain syndromes
Abstract Pelvic pain can be a life altering disease. Multiple pathologies can affect this region resulting in neurologic issues. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the nerve supply to this region is important for the clinician who treats such patients. The current review outlines the anatomy of the nervous system of the abdominopelvic region with special attention to this anatomy in the female. Clin. Anat., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Mohammadali M. Shoja, Amit Sharma, Nadine Mirzayan, Chris Groat, Koichi Watanabe, Marios Loukas, R. Shane Tubbs Tags: Review Source Type: research

Using imaging‐based, three‐dimensional models of the cervix and uterus for studies of cervical changes during pregnancy
Abstract Preterm birth affects over 12% of all pregnancies in the United States for an annual healthcare cost of $26 billion. Preterm birth is a multifactorial disorder but cervical abnormalities are a prominent feature in many patients. Women with a short cervix are known to be at increased risk for preterm birth and a short cervix is used to target therapy to prevent preterm birth. Although the clinical significance of a short cervix is well known, the three‐dimensional anatomical changes that lead to cervical shortening are poorly understood. Here, we review our previous studies of the three‐dimensional anatomy of t...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Michael House, Reid McCABE, Simona Socrate Tags: Review Source Type: research

Outcomes of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair in Patients with Hostile Neck Anatomy
This study aims to evaluate outcomes following EVAR in patients with hostile neck anatomy (HNA).Methods: Data prospectively collected from 552 elective EVARs were analysed retrospectively. Data regarding neck morphology was obtained from aneurysm stent plans produced prior to EVAR. HNA was defined as any of; neck diameter >28 mm, neck angulation >60°, neck length
Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery - November 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: P.W. Stather, R.D. Sayers, A. Cheah, J.B. Wild, M.J. Bown, E. Choke Tags: Aneurysms Source Type: research

Spontaneously perforated pyometra: an unusual cause of acute abdomen and pneumoperitoneum.
We report a rare case of spontaneously perforated pyometra presenting with generalised peritonitis and pneumoperitoneum. Perforation of the uterus is also unusual and often associated with the presence of an intrauterine device, a gravid uterus or malignancy. Our case illustrates the importance of clinical knowledge of acute and neoplastic gynaecological diseases, which are not uncommonly encountered by the general surgeon. Moreover, good appreciation of pelvic anatomy and close collaboration with gynaecology colleagues is essential as operative intervention is often required. PMID: 23131215 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England - November 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Shapey IM, Nasser T, Dickens P, Haldar M, Solkar MH Tags: Ann R Coll Surg Engl Source Type: research

Imaging prostate cancer.
This article reviews the anatomy of the prostate gland, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques, and the role MR imaging in the setting of prostate cancer. Sequences discussed include T2-weighted MR imaging, proton ((1)H) MR spectroscopic imaging, diffusion-weighted MR imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. MR imaging can be applied as an adjuvant tool to establish the diagnosis, localize, determine the extent, and estimate the aggressiveness of prostate cancers. The role of transrectal ultrasonography, computed tomography, and radionuclide scans is also briefly discussed. PMID: 23122037 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Radiologic Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Jung AJ, Westphalen AC Tags: Radiol Clin North Am Source Type: research

Pelvic nodal imaging.
This article focuses on the clinical anatomy, pathways of lymphatic spread of malignancies, current criteria, and newer advances in imaging of male pelvic nodes. PMID: 23122041 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Radiologic Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Hedgire SS, Pargaonkar VK, Elmi A, Harisinghani AM, Harisinghani MG Tags: Radiol Clin North Am Source Type: research

Imaging of the scrotum.
This article reviews ultrasound and MR imaging features of various intratesticular and extratesticular lesions including acute and nonacute conditions of the scrotum. Nonneoplastic lesions that can mimic scrotal malignancy are discussed. Normal anatomy and imaging techniques are also presented. PMID: 23122043 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Radiologic Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Aganovic L, Cassidy F Tags: Radiol Clin North Am Source Type: research

Imaging of male pelvic trauma.
Abstract Prompt imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of male pelvic soft tissue trauma. Using appropriate imaging modalities, with optimization of contrast administration when appropriate, is essential for accurate diagnosis. Traumatic bladder rupture, either extraperitoneal or intraperitoneal, is diagnosed with high accuracy using computed tomography cystography. Suspicion of urethral injury warrants evaluation with retrograde urethrography to evaluate for the presence of injury and injury location. Early identification of laceration of the testicular tunica albuginea is essential. Understanding both ...
Source: Radiologic Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Avery LL, Scheinfeld MH Tags: Radiol Clin North Am Source Type: research

Preliminary Application of High-Definition CT Gemstone Spectral Imaging in Hand and Foot Tendons.
CONCLUSION: GSI with monochromatic images at 65 keV displays clearly the most hand and foot tendon anatomy and disorders with image quality improved, as compared with conventional polychromatic images. It may be used solely or combined with MRI in clinical work, depending on individual patient disease condition. PMID: 23118573 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Korean J Radiol - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Deng K, Zhang CQ, Li W, Wang JJ, Wang XY, Pang T, Wang GL, Liu C Tags: Korean J Radiol Source Type: research

Percutaneous biliary drainage using open cell stents for malignant biliary hilar obstruction.
CONCLUSION: Applying an open cell stent in the biliary system is feasible, and can be effective, especially in multiple intersecting stent insertions in the hepatic hilum. PMID: 23118579 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Korean J Radiol - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Ahn SJ, Bae JI, Han TS, Won JH, Kim JD, Kwack KS, Lee JH, Kim YC Tags: Korean J Radiol Source Type: research

MRI of the penis.
Abstract MRI of the penis is an expensive test that is not always superior to clinical examination or ultrasound. However, it shows many of the important structures, and in particular the combination of tumescence from intracavernosal alprostadil, and high-resolution T(2) sequences show the glans, corpora and the tunica albuginea well. In this paper we summarise the radiological anatomy and discuss the indications for MRI. For penile cancer, it may be useful in cases where the local stage is not apparent clinically. In priapism, it is an emerging technique for assessing corporal viability, and in fracture it can in...
Source: The British Journal of Radiology - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Kirkham A Tags: Br J Radiol Source Type: research

Flapless implant surgery
Endosseous dental implants allow dentists to dependably and predictably replace missing teeth and improve the quality of life for many patients. Practitioners now seek to make further advancements in this area, including minimizing perioperative and postoperative discomfort, maximizing aesthetic outcomes, and improving long-term success rates. Flapless implant surgery simplifies the surgery from the patient’s standpoint but can be risky because the implants are placed while the practitioner is essentially unable to see the status and morphology of the underlying bone. Both excellent treatment planning and operator skill ...
Source: Dental Abstracts - November 1, 2012 Category: Dentistry Tags: Implants Source Type: research

Clinical implication of Meissner's corpuscles.
Abstract During the last decade skin biopsy has been confirmed as a tool to provide diagnostic information on some peripheral neuropathies. Most studies were focused on intraepithelial nerve fibers and few studies have investigated large myelinated fibers or whether corpuscles in human skin change quantitatively or qualitatively in pathologies of the peripheral or central nervous system. The main objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of Meissner's corpuscles including their distribution, density and age changes, development, molecular composition, cellular anatomy and physiology. We also de...
Source: CNS and Neurological Disorders Drug Targets - November 1, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Vega JA, López-Muñiz A, Calavia MG, García-Suárez O, Cobo J, Otero J, Arias-Carrión O, Pérez-Piñera P, Menéndez-González M Tags: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research

Expression and Function of Ferroportin 1 in O-2A Progenitor Cells.
Abstract Iron plays a crucial role in the survival, differentiation, and myelin formation of oligodendrocyte lineages. However, the regulation mechanism of iron homeostasis in oligodendrocytes remains unclear. Recently, much research has focused on Ferroportin 1 (FPN1), an iron exporter protein. First, about 95% pure primary rat O-2A progenitor cells were obtained by shaking methods in our laboratory. The expression of FPN1 mRNA and protein in O-2A progenitor cells were determined by reverse transcription-PCR and western blot. In addition, the localization of FPN1 at the cell membrane, in the cytoplasm and in proce...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Lin Q, Feng J, Zhao X, Zhang G, Wang W Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Morphological Variation of Primary Reproductive Structures in Males of Five Families of Neotropical Bats.
Abstract Bats present unique features among mammals with respect to reproduction, and although neotropical bats do not have a hibernation period, many of their reproductive characteristics vary seasonally and interspecifically. Thus, this work aimed to examine the reproductive structures of 18 species belonging to five families of Brazilian bats. The gross anatomy of the testes varied little; however, the epididymis of Emballonuridae and Vespertilionidae showed exceptional structures with a large elongation of the caudal region. We observed a wide variation in the positioning of the testes: Phyllostomidae and Nocti...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Beguelini MR, Puga CC, Martins FF, Betoli AH, Taboga SR, Morielle-Versute E Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Sex-Related Shape Dimorphism in the Human Radiocarpal and Midcarpal Joints.
This study investigated sex-related shape variation and allometric patterns in five carpal bones that make up the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints in modern humans. We found that many aspects of carpal shape (76% of all variables quantified) were similar between males and females, despite variation in size. However, 10 of the shape ratios were significantly different between males and females, with at least one significant shape difference observed in each carpal bone. Within-sex standard major axis regressions (SMA) of the numerator (i.e., the linear variables) on the denominator (i.e., the geometric mean) for each signif...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Kivell TL, Guimont I, Wall CE Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Lysosome Dysfunction Enhances Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis through Ubiquitinated Protein Accumulation in Hela Cells.
Abstract The role of lysosomal system in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in cancer cells is not fully understood. Menadione is frequently used as oxidative stress model. It is indicated that menadione could induce autophagy in Hela cells. In the present study, we examined whether the lysosomal inhibitor, ammonium chloride (NH(4) Cl) could prevent the autophagy flux by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and enhance apoptosis induced by menadione via mitochondrial pathway. The results demonstrated generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and increased levels of ubiquitinated prote...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Yu C, Huang X, Xu Y, Li H, Su J, Zhong J, Kang J, Liu Y, Sun L Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Audiovisual biofeedback improves diaphragm motion reproducibility in MRI.
Conclusions: This study was the first to investigate the potential of AV biofeedback to improve the motion reproducibility of internal anatomy using MRI. The study demonstrated the significant improvement in diaphragm motion reproducibility using AV biofeedback combined with MRI. This system can potentially provide clinically beneficial motion management of internal anatomy in MRI and radiotherapy. PMID: 23127085 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical Physics - November 1, 2012 Category: Physics Authors: Kim T, Pollock S, Lee D, O'Brien R, Keall P Tags: Med Phys Source Type: research

4D cone beam CT via spatiotemporal tensor framelet.
Conclusions: By effectively utilizing the spatiotemporal coherence of the patient anatomy among different respiratory phases in a multilevel fashion with multibasis sparsifying transform, the proposed STF method potentially enables fast and low-dose 4DCBCT with improved image quality. PMID: 23127087 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical Physics - November 1, 2012 Category: Physics Authors: Gao H, Li R, Lin Y, Xing L Tags: Med Phys Source Type: research

Ultrasound in Pregnancy
For the emergency physician tasked with evaluating the patient with an obstetric emergency, ultrasound can provide important and potentially life-saving information. Ultrasound of the pregnant patient is unique in that two possible approaches can be used: transabdominal and transvaginal. Another unique feature is that an understanding of developmental anatomy, which changes during pregnancy, is important. Two of the most basic yet important uses of ultrasound in the pregnant patient are to provide information concerning the gestational age of the pregnancy and the fetal heart rate. Ultrasound has a major role in the diagno...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Sam Hsu, Brian D. Euerle Source Type: research

Practical Otic Anatomy and Physiology of the Dog and Cat
This article provides a brief discussion of the various anatomic features of the ear and normal physiology of portions of the ear.
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - November 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Bradley L. Njaa, Lynette K. Cole, Natalie Tabacca Source Type: research

Computational and bioengineered lungs as alternatives to whole animal, isolated organ, and cell-based lung models
Development of lung models for testing a drug substance or delivery system has been an intensive area of research. However, a model that mimics physiological and anatomical features of human lungs is yet to be established. Although in vitro lung models, developed and fine-tuned over the past few decades, were instrumental for the development of many commercially available drugs, they are suboptimal in reproducing the physiological microenvironment and complex anatomy of human lungs. Similarly, intersubject variability and high costs have been major limitations of using animals in the development and discovery of drugs used...
Source: AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - November 1, 2012 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Patel, B., Gauvin, R., Absar, S., Gupta, V., Gupta, N., Nahar, K., Khademhosseini, A., Ahsan, F. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research

Principles and management of head and neck cancer
This article outlines the relevant anatomy, aetiology, presentation, examination and investigatory pathway for this group of patients including relevant national guidelines. An overview of surgical and non-surgical managements available for early and late stage tumours is given. This is supported by information about the multidisciplinary approach to these cancers which is current best practice. Potential future developments in management are discussed.
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - November 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Shane Lester, Woo-Young Yang Tags: Head and neck Source Type: research

Diseases of the salivary glands
Abstract: Salivary gland disease is managed by a number of specialities. There are three pairs of major salivary glands and several hundred minor salivary glands within the upper aerodigestive tract. Pathology is diverse, including infective, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Clinical presentation is usually with a lump within, or swelling of the gland. Investigations combine clinical assessment, fine needle aspiration cytology and radiology. Management is medical or surgical dependent on pathology. Surgical intervention is commonly performed for chronic inflammatory disorders and neoplasms. Management requires a sound...
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - November 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Paula Bradley, James O'Hara Tags: Head and neck Source Type: research

The general topography of the neck
This article describes in a broad yet systematic manner, the basic topographical arrangement of the viscera, muscles and the major blood vessels in the neck. It defines the anatomical relationships of these structures to each other and to the various fascial layers in the neck. A clear understanding of this arrangement is fundamental to a proper study of the surgical anatomy of the neck. Detailed anatomical descriptions of individual viscera fall outside the scope and purpose of this article as do detailed accounts of the course and distribution of individual nerves and vessels in the neck.
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - November 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Vishy Mahadevan Tags: Basic science Source Type: research

Anatomy of the salivary glands
Abstract: The salivary glands comprise the parotid, the submandibular and the sublingual glands as well as small subsidiary glands scattered beneath the mucosa of the buccal cavity. The largest, the parotid, drains by its duct into the mouth at the level of the second upper molar tooth. It is traversed by the facial nerve, which may be invaded by a parotid carcinoma or damaged during parotid surgery. The submandibular gland has a superficial part, at the angle of the jaw, wedged between the mandible and the mylohyoid muscle. Its deep part projects deep to mylohyoid along the hyoglossus. Its duct opens alongside the fraenum...
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - November 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Harold Ellis Tags: Basic science Source Type: research

Imaging of Male Pelvic Trauma
Prompt imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of male pelvic soft tissue trauma. Using appropriate imaging modalities, with optimization of contrast administration when appropriate, is essential for accurate diagnosis. Traumatic bladder rupture, either extraperitoneal or intraperitoneal, is diagnosed with high accuracy using computed tomography cystography. Suspicion of urethral injury warrants evaluation with retrograde urethrography to evaluate for the presence of injury and injury location. Early identification of laceration of the testicular tunica albuginea is essential. Understanding both normal penile ana...
Source: Radiologic Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Laura L. Avery, Meir H. Scheinfeld Source Type: research

Imaging of the Scrotum
This article reviews ultrasound and MR imaging features of various intratesticular and extratesticular lesions including acute and nonacute conditions of the scrotum. Nonneoplastic lesions that can mimic scrotal malignancy are discussed. Normal anatomy and imaging techniques are also presented.
Source: Radiologic Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Lejla Aganovic, Fiona Cassidy Source Type: research

Imaging Prostate Cancer
This article reviews the anatomy of the prostate gland, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques, and the role MR imaging in the setting of prostate cancer. Sequences discussed include T2-weighted MR imaging, proton (1H) MR spectroscopic imaging, diffusion-weighted MR imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. MR imaging can be applied as an adjuvant tool to establish the diagnosis, localize, determine the extent, and estimate the aggressiveness of prostate cancers. The role of transrectal ultrasonography, computed tomography, and radionuclide scans is also briefly discussed.
Source: Radiologic Clinics of North America - November 1, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Adam J. Jung, Antonio C. Westphalen Source Type: research

Morphological Variation of Primary Reproductive Structures in Males of Five Families of Neotropical Bats
Abstract Bats present unique features among mammals with respect to reproduction, and although neotropical bats do not have a hibernation period, many of their reproductive characteristics vary seasonally and interspecifically. Thus, this work aimed to examine the reproductive structures of 18 species belonging to five families of Brazilian bats. The gross anatomy of the testes varied little; however, the epididymis of Emballonuridae and Vespertilionidae showed exceptional structures with a large elongation of the caudal region. We observed a wide variation in the positioning of the testes: Phyllostomidae and Noctilionidae...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Mateus R. Beguelini, Cíntia C. I. Puga, Fabiane F. Martins, AndrÉ H. S. Betoli, Sebastião R. Taboga, Eliana Morielle‐Versute Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Expression and Function of Ferroportin 1 in O‐2A Progenitor Cells
Abstract Iron plays a crucial role in the survival, differentiation, and myelin formation of oligodendrocyte lineages. However, the regulation mechanism of iron homeostasis in oligodendrocytes remains unclear. Recently, much research has focused on Ferroportin 1 (FPN1), an iron exporter protein. First, about 95% pure primary rat O‐2A progenitor cells were obtained by shaking methods in our laboratory. The expression of FPN1 mRNA and protein in O‐2A progenitor cells were determined by reverse transcription‐PCR and western blot. In addition, the localization of FPN1 at the cell membrane, in the cytoplasm and in process...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Qing Lin, Junsheng Feng, Xiaozhen Zhao, Geng Zhang, Wei Wang Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Lysosome Dysfunction Enhances Oxidative Stress‐Induced Apoptosis through Ubiquitinated Protein Accumulation in Hela Cells
Abstract The role of lysosomal system in oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis in cancer cells is not fully understood. Menadione is frequently used as oxidative stress model. It is indicated that menadione could induce autophagy in Hela cells. In the present study, we examined whether the lysosomal inhibitor, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) could prevent the autophagy flux by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and enhance apoptosis induced by menadione via mitochondrial pathway. The results demonstrated generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and increased levels of ubiquitinated proteins and G...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Chunyan Yu, Xiaowei Huang, Ye Xu, Hongyan LI, Jing Su, Jiateng Zhong, Jinsong Kang, Yuhe Liu, Liankun Sun Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Sex‐Related Shape Dimorphism in the Human Radiocarpal and Midcarpal Joints
This study investigated sex‐related shape variation and allometric patterns in five carpal bones that make up the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints in modern humans. We found that many aspects of carpal shape (76% of all variables quantified) were similar between males and females, despite variation in size. However, 10 of the shape ratios were significantly different between males and females, with at least one significant shape difference observed in each carpal bone. Within‐sex standard major axis regressions (SMA) of the numerator (i.e., the linear variables) on the denominator (i.e., the geometric mean) for each si...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - November 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Tracy L. Kivell, Isabelle Guimont, Christine E. Wall Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Extensive Left Ventricular Hemangioma
A 27-year-old man with no medical history presented with ventricular tachycardia at 160 beats/min with right bundle branch block and left axis. Transthoracic echocardiography showed an echogenic mass inferolateral through anterolateral (96 × 72 × 65 mm). Evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an intramyocardial process extending up to the left atrium. Intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images (A, Online Video 1) and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (B) combined with heterogenous hyperintense contrast enhancement were consistent with a hemangioma. Blood supply and coronary anatomy we...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - October 31, 2012 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bob Oude Velthuis, Jan van Es, Gert van Houwelingen, Gert-Jan Toes, Lodewijk Wagenaar Tags: IMAGES IN CARDIOLOGY Source Type: research

Epidermal growth factor-induced modulation of cytokeratin expression levels influences the morphological phenotype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
In this study, HNSCC cell lines were treated with EGF, and CK expression levels were monitored by Western blot analysis. Changes in cellular morphology were documented by fluorescence- and atomic force microscopy. Some of the cell lines demonstrated an EGF-dependent modulation of CK expression levels. Interestingly, regression of some CK subtypes or initial up-regulation followed by downregulation at higher EGF-levels could also be observed in the tested cell lines. Overall, the influence of EGF on CK expression levels appeared variable and cell-type-dependent. Real-time cellular analysis of EGF-treated and -untreated...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 31, 2012 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: research