Anatomy Research This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 16.

Comparison of safety and stability of C-2 pars and pedicle screws for atlantoaxial fusion: meta-analysis and review of the literature.
Conclusions With a thorough knowledge of axis anatomy, surgeons can place both C-2 pars and C-2 pedicle screws accurately with a small risk of VA injury or clinically significant malposition. There may be subtle trade-off of safety for rigidity when using axial pedicle instead of pars screws, and the decision to use either screw type must be made only after careful review of the preoperative CT imaging and must take into account the surgeon's expertise and the particular demands of the clinical scenario in any given case. PMID: 23039110 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Neurosurgery.Spine - October 5, 2012 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Elliott RE, Tanweer O, Boah A, Smith ML, Frempong-Boadu A Tags: J Neurosurg Spine Source Type: research

PET imaging of the brain serotonin transporters (SERT) with N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-[18F]fluorophenylthio)benzylamine (4-[18F]-ADAM) in humans: a preliminary study
Conclusion The results of this study showed that 4-[18F]-ADAM was safe for human studies and its distribution in human brain appeared to correlate well with the known distribution of SERT in the human brain. In addition, it had high specific binding and a reasonable optimal time for imaging brain SERT in humans. Thus, 4-[18F]-ADAM may be feasible for assessing the status of brain SERT in humans. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00259-012-2250-5Authors Wen-Sheng Huang, Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, 325 Sec. 2, Chen...
Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging - October 4, 2012 Category: Radiology Tags: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Source Type: research

Visibility of mandibular canal on panoramic radiograph after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO)
Conclusions The visibility of the MC decreased immediately after BSSO, especially at the operation site (M2 and M1), while maximum MC visibility was achieved at 12 months postoperatively in our series. Since MC was not visible at the operation site after BSSO for 50 % of the subjects, it may be necessary to use additional visualization modalities for postoperative patient assessment in this region. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-1026-8Authors Constantinus Politis, Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, St. John’s Hospital, Schiep...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - October 4, 2012 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: research

Organization of the neural switching circuitry underlying reflex micturition
Abstract The functions of the lower urinary tract to store and periodically eliminate urine are regulated by a complex neural control system in the brain and spinal cord that coordinates the activity of the bladder and urethral outlet. Experimental studies in animals indicate that urine storage is modulated by reflex mechanisms in the spinal cord, whereas voiding is mediated by a spinobulbospinal pathway passing through a coordination center in the rostral brain stem. Many of the neural circuits controlling micturition exhibit switch‐like patterns of activity that turn on and off in an all‐or‐none manner. This paper ...
Source: Acta Physiologica - October 4, 2012 Category: Physiology Authors: William C. Groat, Christopher Wickens Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

A test of the Whitaker scoring system for estimating age from the bones of the foot
Abstract Within the literature pertaining to skeletal age estimation, there is a paucity of statistically validated methods of age estimation from the foot. Given the prevalence of recovery of pedal elements in isolation, it is critical that methods exist to facilitate the estimation of age from this anatomical region and that those methods be tested to ensure they are reliable, repeatable and statistically robust. A study was carried out to determine the validity of using the Whitaker method of age estimation from the bones of the foot as a tool in forensic age estimation within a modern Scottish population...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - October 4, 2012 Category: Medical Law Tags: International Journal of Legal Medicine Source Type: research

Fast rearrangement of the neuronal growth cone’s actin cytoskeleton following VEGF stimulation
Abstract The neuronal growth cone plays a crucial role in the development of the nervous system. This highly motile structure leads the axon to its final destination by translating guidance cues into cytoskeletal rearrangements. Recently, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is essential for angiogenesis and vascular sprouting, has been found to exert a trophic activity also on neurons, leading to an increased axonal outgrowth, similar to the well-known nerve growth factor (NGF). The neurotrophic properties of VEGF are likely to be promoted via the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - October 4, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Histochemistry and Cell Biology Source Type: research

Biomechanics of the Normal and Arthritic Ankle Joint
This article provides an overview of current understanding of functional ankle anatomy, how this function can be altered in the degenerated ankle, and how surgical intervention further affects foot and ankle biomechanics. The focus is on how altered loading of neighboring joints in the midfoot and hindfoot may induce postoperative joint remodeling and can manifest in secondary clinical problems.
Source: Foot and Ankle Clinics - October 4, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jess G. Snedeker, Stephan H. Wirth, Norman Espinosa Source Type: research

The Allen Human Brain Atlas: Comprehensive gene expression mapping of the human brain.
Abstract The Allen Human Brain Atlas is a freely available multimodal atlas of gene expression and anatomy comprising a comprehensive 'all genes-all structures' array-based dataset of gene expression and complementary in situ hybridization (ISH) gene expression studies targeting selected genes in specific brain regions. Available via the Allen Brain Atlas data portal (www.brain-map.org), the Atlas integrates structure, function, and gene expression data to accelerate basic and clinical research of the human brain in normal and disease states. PMID: 23041053 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Trends in Neurosciences - October 4, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shen EH, Overly CC, Jones AR Tags: Trends Neurosci Source Type: research

Preoperative education addressing postoperative pain in total joint arthroplasty: Review of content and educational delivery methods.
Conclusions: Preoperative education centered on a biomedical model of anatomy and pathoanatomy as well as procedural information has limited effect in reducing postoperative pain after THA and TKA surgeries. Preoperative educational sessions that aim to increase patient knowledge of pain science may be more effective in managing postoperative pain. PMID: 23035767 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice - October 4, 2012 Category: Physiotherapy Authors: Louw A, Diener I, Butler DS, Puentedura EJ Tags: Physiother Theory Pract Source Type: research

History of liver anatomy: Mesopotamian liver clay models
Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association - October 4, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Antonio Cavalcanti de A. Martins, Carolina Martins Tags: Image of the Issue Source Type: research

Surgical anatomy of the radial nerve branches to triceps muscle
The objectives of the study are to demonstrate the innervation patterns of the triceps muscles and the most suitable branch of the radial nerve for nerve transfer to restore the motor function of the deltoid muscle in patients with complete C5–C6 root injury. Seventy‐nine arms (40 left arms and 39 right arms) from 46 embalmed cadavers (24 male and 22 female) were included in the study. The nerves to the triceps were dissected from the triceps muscles (long head, lateral head, and medial head). The lengths of the branches were measured from the main trunk. The distance from the inferior margin of the teres major muscle ...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - October 4, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Chairoj Uerpairojkit, Sittipong Ketwongwiriya, Somsak Leechavengvongs, Kanchai Malungpaishrope, Kiat Witoonchart, Natdhadej Mekrungcharas, Boonsong Chareonwat, Mathee Ongsiriporn Tags: Original Communication Source Type: research

Multiple variations of the arterial pattern in upper extremities: A case report and embryological pathogenesis
In this report, we will trace the path of the axillary artery and its branches in detail and emphasize its embryological significance. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Clinical Anatomy - October 4, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Wiesława Klimek‐Piotrowska, Renata Pacholczak, Jerzy Walocha Tags: Clinical Vignette Source Type: research

Reply
We read with interest the letter of Dr. Ren, stating that accurate echocardiographic measurement of the left atrial appendage (LAA) anatomy, especially of the ostium, is critically important for successful LAA ostial closure using the Watchman device. In our study, the Core Echocardiography Laboratory measured the echocardiographic ostium of the LAA, and the LAA body size (). In addition, he expressed disagreement with the explanation of “shape mismatch,” which consists of an oval-shaped LAA and a spherical LAA closure device. We agree that accurate measurement of maximal LAA ostial diameter is of critical importance t...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - October 3, 2012 Category: Cardiology Authors: Juan F. Viles-Gonzalez, Vivek Y. Reddy Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Expression and localization of nodal in bovine oviduct and uterus during different functional stages of oestrus cycle and pregnancy
Abstract Members of TGF-β superfamily play a major role in the endometrial changes involved in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Their deregulated expression and action could lead to absolute or partial failure of embryo implantation. Nonetheless, the precise function and mechanism of many of these cytokines remain unclear. Nodal, a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily member, was characterized in the human and rodent uterus and implicated in the tissue remodeling events during menstruation and embryo implantation. In order to study its possible role in the cattle reproductive ...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - October 3, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Histochemistry and Cell Biology Source Type: research

Risk of lymph node metastases after en bloc cold steel, en bloc laser-, and piecemeal laser surgical resection of auricular VX2 carcinoma
Abstract There is some controversy in the literature if lymph vessels are enduring sealed during piecemeal CO2 laser surgery of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck or a propagation of tumor cells into the lymphatics occurs. The aim of the present study was to analyze the incidence of lymph node and distant metastases after different methods of resection of a VX2 carcinoma in an animal model. A solid auricular VX2 carcinoma was induced in 200 rabbits. Seven days later, an en bloc cold steel (group A), en bloc laser surgical resection with CO2 laser in continuous wave mode with 2 W (group B), or ...
Source: Lasers in Medical Science - October 3, 2012 Category: Laser Surgery Tags: Lasers in Medical Science Source Type: research

SSEA4 Positive Pig Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Are Primed for Differentiation into Neural Cells.
In this study we generated a new line of piPSCs from fibroblast cells which expressed pluripotency markers and were capable of embryoid body differentiation into all 3 germ layers. piPSCs demonstrated robust neural differentiation forming βIII-TUB/MAP2+ neurons, GFAP+ astrocytes and O4+ oligodendrocytes and demonstrated strong up-regulation of neural cell genes representative of all three major neural lineages of the central nervous system. In the presence of motor neuron signaling factors, piPSCs derived neurons showed expression of transcription factors associated with motor neuron differentiation (HB9 and ISLET1). Our ...
Source: Cell Transplantation - October 3, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Yang JY, Mumaw JL, Liu Y, Stice SL, West FD Tags: Cell Transplant Source Type: research

Total hip arthroplasty for adult hip dysplasia.
Abstract Preoperative planning is essential to define anatomy, clarify the operative approach and exposure, and ensure that suitable implants are available.Concerns exist regarding the long-term effectiveness and safety of hip resurfacing arthroplasty for the young dysplastic hip.In light of current evidence, concerns exist regarding the use of metal-on-metal articulations for hip arthroplasty in the young dysplastic hip.The ideal bearing surface is not known, although the longest data available support the use of metal-on-polyethylene. PMID: 23032592 [PubMed - in process]
Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume - October 3, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Rogers BA, Garbedian S, Kuchinad RA, Backstein D, Safir O, Gross AE Tags: J Bone Joint Surg Am Source Type: research

Automatic Retrieval of Bone Fracture Knowledge Using Natural Language Processing
Abstract Natural language processing (NLP) techniques to extract data from unstructured text into formal computer representations are valuable for creating robust, scalable methods to mine data in medical documents and radiology reports. As voice recognition (VR) becomes more prevalent in radiology practice, there is opportunity for implementing NLP in real time for decision-support applications such as context-aware information retrieval. For example, as the radiologist dictates a report, an NLP algorithm can extract concepts from the text and retrieve relevant classification or diagnosis criteria or calcul...
Source: Journal of Digital Imaging - October 2, 2012 Category: Radiology Tags: Journal of Digital Imaging Source Type: research

Reply
We read with interest the letter of Dr. Ren, stating that accurate echocardiographic measurement of the left atrial appendage (LAA) anatomy, especially of the ostium, is critically important for successful LAA ostial closure using the Watchman device. In our study, the Core Echocardiography Laboratory measured the echocardiographic ostium of the LAA, and the LAA body size (1). In addition, he expressed disagreement with the explanation of “shape mismatch,” which consists of an oval-shaped LAA and a spherical LAA closure device. We agree that accurate measurement of maximal LAA ostial diameter is of critical importance ...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Interventions - October 2, 2012 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

The Retinotopic Organization of Striate Cortex Is Well Predicted by Surface Topology.
Abstract In 1918, Gordon Holmes combined observations of visual-field scotomas across brain-lesioned soldiers to produce a schematic map of the projection of the visual field upon the striate cortex [1]. One limit to the precision of his result, and the mapping of anatomy to retinotopy generally, is the substantial individual variation in the size [2, 3], volumetric position [4], and cortical magnification [5] of area V1. When viewed within the context of the curvature of the cortical surface, however, the boundaries of striate cortex fall at a consistent location across individuals [6]. We asked whether the surfac...
Source: Current Biology - October 2, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Benson NC, Butt OH, Datta R, Radoeva PD, Brainard DH, Aguirre GK Tags: Curr Biol Source Type: research

Imagined Anatomy and Other Lessons from Learner Verification Interviews with Mexican Immigrant Women
ConclusionWe learned the importance of assessing patients’ existing body knowledge. The detail desired by participants challenged common simplification approaches to teaching low‐literacy learners. Participant willingness to share information challenged ideas of cultural taboo. Results provide evidence for more effective delivery of women's health education and call for further research on best approaches to teaching low‐literacy learners.
Source: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing - October 2, 2012 Category: Nursing Authors: Jennifer Hunter, Patricia J. Kelly Tags: Research Source Type: research

Assessment of collateral circulation to the hand prior to radial artery harvest
Assessment of collateral circulation to the hand is required prior to invasive procedures or harvesting of the radial artery (RA). A modified Allen’s test (MAT) is commonly used to assess palmar arch collaterals. A variety of non-invasive methods including digital pressures, plethysmography, pulse oximetry and duplex ultrasonography are available to supplement physical examination. However, no consensus exists about the proper role of the MAT and the most appropriate non-invasive test (NIT) in this situation. Interpretation of the MAT and NIT findings are also controversial. This paper reviews the anatomy and the phy...
Source: Vascular Medicine recent issues - October 2, 2012 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Habib, J., Baetz, L., Satiani, B. Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Changing the expression vector of multidrug resistance genes is related to neoadjuvant chemotherapy response
Conclusion Our results suggest that reductions in MDR gene expression in post-NAC samples in comparison with pre-NAC are associated with tumor response to FAC and CAX as well as taxotere-based NAC, while patients displaying MDR gene upregulation had resistance to therapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00280-012-1992-xAuthors Nicolay V. Litviakov, Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, 634050 Russian FederationNadezhda V. Cherdyntseva, Department of Experimental On...
Source: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology - October 1, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Source Type: research

An unusual case of left venous renal entrapment syndrome: a new type of nutcracker phenomenon?
Abstract Left venous renal entrapment syndrome was observed during multidetector 64-row computer tomography and color Doppler ultrasonography in a 58-year-old Caucasian female hospitalized due to choledocholithiasis. The patient demonstrated no typical symptoms of nutcracker syndrome. The left renal vein (LRV) was compressed as it passed between the superior mesenteric artery and the right renal artery. The LRV lumen measured 1.7 × 7.8 mm (width × height) at the point of narrowing and 7.5 × 17 mm before this. Secondary to the nutcracker phenomenon, the course of lef...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - October 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: research

In-phantom dose verification of prostate IMRT and VMAT deliveries using plastic scintillation detectors.
This study included PSD measurements of each treatment plan being delivered under quality assurance (QA) conditions using a rigid QA phantom. PSD results obtained under these conditions were compared to ionization chamber measurements. After an optimal set of calibration factors had been found, the PSD was combined with a commercial endorectal balloon used for rectal distension and prostate immobilization during external beam radiotherapy. This PSD-enhanced endorectal balloon was placed inside of a deformable anthropomorphic phantom designed to simulate male pelvic anatomy. PSD results obtained under these so-called "simul...
Source: Radiation Measurements - October 1, 2012 Category: Physics Authors: Klein D, Briere TM, Kudchadker R, Archambault L, Beaulieu L, Lee A, Beddar S Tags: Radiat Meas Source Type: research

Anatomy of cognitive strategies: a therapist's primer for enabling occupational performance.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Promoting effective strategy use is an integral part of enabling occupational performance; however, there are variations in how strategies are defined, discussed, used, and applied in occupational therapy practice. PURPOSE: Focusing on cognitive strategies, in this paper, we define and describe strategies and their types and divide the concept of strategies into two dimensions: strategy attributes and strategy use. A comprehensive framework for each dimension (attribute and use) is proposed as a clinical reasoning guide as well as a foundation for future research. The frameworks are designe...
Source: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy - October 1, 2012 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Toglia JP, Rodger SA, Polatajko HJ Tags: Can J Occup Ther Source Type: research

Collagen hydrogels strengthened by biodegradable meshes are a basis for dermo‐epidermal skin grafts intended to reconstitute human skin in a one‐step surgical intervention
This study aimed to test novel dermo‐epidermal skin substitutes based on collagen type I hydrogels, physically strengthened by two types of polymeric net‐like meshes. One mesh has already been used in clinical trials for treating inguinal hernia; the second one is new but consists of a FDA‐approved polymer. Both meshes were integrated into collagen type I hydrogels and dermo‐epidermal skin substitutes were generated. Skin substitutes were transplanted onto immuno‐incompetent rats and analyzed after distinct time periods. The skin substitutes homogeneously developed into a well‐stratified epidermis over the enti...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Fabienne Hartmann‐Fritsch, Thomas Biedermann, Erik Braziulis, Joachim Luginbühl, Luca Pontiggia, Sophie Böttcher‐Haberzeth, Toin H. Kuppevelt, Kaeuis A. Faraj, Clemens Schiestl, Martin Meuli, Ernst Reichmann Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

(v) Biceps and triceps tendon pathology at the elbow
This article provides an overview of the anatomy, biomechanics and management of biceps and triceps tendon pathology.
Source: Orthopaedics and Trauma - October 1, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Louise A. Crawford, Shantanu A. Shahane Tags: Mini-Symposium: The Elbow Source Type: research

(iv) Elbow instability
Abstract: Acute elbow instability ranges from simple dislocations without significant fractures to complex dislocations involving fractures of the coronoid and radial head (“terrible triad”). Simple dislocations for the most part are stable after reduction, managed with early mobilisation and have good outcomes with relatively low complication rates. In contrast, complex fracture-dislocations render the elbow very unstable and therefore surgical intervention is usually necessary to restore bony and ligamentous stability to allow early range of motion. The risk of complications, including stiffness, chronic instability,...
Source: Orthopaedics and Trauma - October 1, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Chetan S. Modi, Emma Lawrence, Tom M. Lawrence Tags: Mini-Symposium: The Elbow Source Type: research

(i) Surgical approaches to the elbow
Abstract: Surgical approaches to the elbow can be challenging in both trauma and elective settings. Knowledge of the neurovascular and musculotendinous anatomy is crucial to provide safe and optimal access to the desired part of the elbow joint. This review describes common approaches to the posterior, lateral and medial aspects of the elbow. It should be noted that more than one approach can be combined, often utilizing the same skin incision.
Source: Orthopaedics and Trauma - October 1, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Chris Peach, David Stanley Tags: Mini-Symposium: The Elbow Source Type: research

An overview of male intermittent self-catheterisation.
This article outlines the anatomy of the male urinary tract, offers practical tips for nurses who teach it, and highlights issues important to men when learning and living with ISC. PMID: 23123813 [PubMed - in process]
Source: British Journal of Nursing - October 1, 2012 Category: Nursing Authors: Logan K Tags: Br J Nurs Source Type: research

Vesalius revised. His annotations to the 1555 fabrica(1).
This article discusses a recent find: Vesalius' own copy of the 1555 edition, heavily annotated in preparation for a never published third edition. Vesalius made hundreds of changes to the second edition, the great majority being stylistic, altering the Latin words but not the overall meaning. There are also changes to the plates to give greater clarity or to correct mistakes by the original block-cutter. There is little new anatomical material, although Vesalius continued to meditate about what he had earlier discovered. He shows no sign of being acquainted with the findings of others, like Colombo or Falloppia, that were...
Source: Medical History - October 1, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Nutton V Tags: Med Hist Source Type: research

'Fibre Body': The Concept of Fibre in Eighteenth-century Medicine, c.1700-40(1).
Abstract This paper attempts a comprehensive account of 'fibre medicine' elaborated by iatromechanists from c. 1700 to c. 1740. Fibre medicine, a medical theory informed by the notion of the fibre, has been neglected by medical historians despite the pivotal role played by the fibre in animal economy. Referring to a wide range of medical fields such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, therapeutics and life sciences, this paper elucidates the ways that the fibre serves as an indispensable concept for iatromechanists to establish their medical theories. This paper also highlights the metaphorical dimension of the fibr...
Source: Medical History - October 1, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Ishizuka H Tags: Med Hist Source Type: research

Abdominal ultrasonography of the normal St. Kitts vervet monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus)
ConclusionsAbdominal sonographic anatomy was successfully characterized and normal size parameters for non‐reproductive abdominal viscera and the testes were established.
Source: Journal of Medical Primatology - October 1, 2012 Category: Research Authors: J.T. Amory, W.M. Du Plessis, A. Beierschmitt, J. Beeler‐Marfisi, R.M. Palmour, T. Beths Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

A review of the anatomical, biomechanical and kinematic findings of posterior cruciate ligament injury with respect to non-operative management
Abstract: An understanding of the kinematics of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficiency is important for the diagnosis and management of patients with isolated PCL injury. The kinematics of PCL injury has been analysed through cadaveric and in vivo imaging studies. Cadaveric studies have detailed the anatomy of the PCL. It consists of two functional bundles, anterolateral and posteromedial, which exhibit different tensioning patterns through the arc of knee flexion. Isolated sectioning of the PCL and its related structures in cadaveric specimens has defined its primary and secondary restraining functions. The PCL is t...
Source: The Knee - October 1, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Sivashankar Chandrasekaran, David Ma, Jennifer M. Scarvell, Kevin R. Woods, Paul N. Smith Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Quadrifurcation of the hepatic artery proper in conjunction with double right gastric arteries.
This report attempts to evaluate the embryological basis of the anomaly. The significance of this anomalous hepatic arterial pattern is appreciated while performing liver transplantations, hepatic artery infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs and Doppler angiographic procedures. We advocate meticulous familiarisation with the anatomy of the coeliac trunk and its topographic relationship to vital viscera for the operating hepatobiliary surgeon and radiologist. PMID: 23112032 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Singapore Medical Journal - October 1, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Mehta V, Dave V, Suri RK, Rath G Tags: Singapore Med J Source Type: research

Valve replacement in children: A challenge for a whole life.
Abstract Valvular pathology in infants and children poses numerous challenges to the paediatric cardiac surgeon. Without question, valvular repair is the goal of intervention because restoration of valvular anatomy and physiology using native tissue allows for growth and a potentially better long-term outcome. When reconstruction fails or is not feasible, valve replacement becomes inevitable. Which valve for which position is controversial. Homograft and bioprosthetic valves achieve superior haemodynamic results initially but at the cost of accelerated degeneration. Small patient size and the risk of thromboembolis...
Source: Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases - October 1, 2012 Category: Cardiology Authors: Henaine R, Roubertie F, Vergnat M, Ninet J Tags: Arch Cardiovasc Dis Source Type: research

Computed tomographic dacryocystography in children undergoing balloon dacryoplasty
Conclusions: Contrast-enhanced CT-DCG provides useful information about nasolacrimal anatomy in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The decrease in contrast volume before and after balloon dilation was predictive of success; A larger size of the most dilated portion of the lacrimal sac was associated with clinical failure.
Source: Journal of AAPOS - October 1, 2012 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Roberto M. Limongi, Leopoldo Magacho, Suzana Matayoshi, Haroldo M. Carneiro, Marcos Ávila Tags: Major Articles Source Type: research

Practical approach to treating the laminitic horse
Take-home message: Successful management begins with an understanding of the normal digital anatomy, the disease process, and the structural failure that results in the laminitic foot. Immediate treatment goals include decreasing the pull of the DDFT on the coffin bone, unloading the laminar interface, reducing inflammation, easing breakover, protecting the sensitive tissues, and providing support to the bony column.
Source: Journal of Equine Veterinary Science - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Raul J. Bras Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research

Anatomy and Histology of the Male Reproductive Tract and Spermatogenesis Fine Structure in the Lesser Anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla, Myrmecophagidae, Xenarthra): Morphological Evidences of Reproductive Functions
Summary The anatomy and histology of the male genital tract of the lesser anteater were studied. Fine details of spermatozoa regarding their genesis and morphology were also studied in six adult specimens. The testes lie in the pelvic cavity. The deferent duct emerges from the epididymis and opens into the ejaculatory duct, which drains into the membranous urethra. Accessory glands (prostate, seminal vesicle and bulbourethral gland) are histologically similar to those described in other mammals. The short penis presents an urethral orifice, while the corpus spongiosum becomes thinner at the end indicating the absence of a ...
Source: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: L. F. Rossi, J. P. Luaces, H. J. Aldana Marcos, P. D. Cetica, G. Perez Jimeno, M. S. Merani Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Ontogenetic and Structural Variation of Mineralizations and Ossifications in the Integument within Ceratophryid Frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae)
We describe the ontogeny of the integument in the three genera of ceratophryids (Chacophrys, Ceratophrys, and Lepidobatrachus) that inhabit in semiarid environments. Data obtained demonstrated the early acquisition of metamorphic transformations in the integument layers in larvae of Ceratophrys cranwelli and Lepidobatrachus spp. and a continuous increment in the thickness of them up to old postmetamorphic stages. The integument of ceratophryids develops calcium deposits as the calcified layer during postmetamorphic stages. Furthermore, dorsal shields are also present in adult stages independently of terrestrial versus aqua...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - October 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Silvia Quinzio, Marissa Fabrezi Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Use of Fluorescent Probes: Their Effect on Cell Biology and Limitations
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - October 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ellen C. Jensen Tags: AR Insights Source Type: research

Computed Tomography and Cross‐sectional Anatomy of the Normal Dromedary Camel Tarsus (One Humped Camel)
Summary The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed computed tomographic (CT) anatomic reference for the dromedary camel tarsus. Six cadaver pelvic limbs, obtained from three clinically and radiographically sound dromedary camels, were scanned in both soft tissue and bone windows starting from the calcaneal tuber towards the proximal metatarsus. Limbs were frozen at −20°C and sectioned transversely via an electric bone saw. The CT images were evaluated and correlated with their corresponding cryosections. The resulting images provided detailed anatomic features for bones, joints and soft tissue components of the...
Source: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: U. Hagag, W. Brehm, R. O. Ramadan, A. Al Mubarak, A. El Nahas, K. Gerlach Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

A direct anastomosis between the stems of celiac trunk and left colic artery by an anomalous fourth celiac trunk branch: First cadaveric study
We report the first cadaveric finding demonstrating a direct communication between the stems of CT and left colic artery (LCA) via a fourth anomalous CT branch in the absence of any co‐existing stenosis or aneurysm in the main vessels. Clin. Anat. 2013 © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Clinical Anatomy - October 1, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Monika Gupta, Sneh Agarwal Tags: Compendium of Anatomical Variants Source Type: research

Evaluation of normal fetal pulmonary veins using B‐flow imaging with spatiotemporal image correlation and by traditional color Doppler echocardiography
ConclusionsThe scanning around left atrium method proved to be the most suited for detecting pulmonary veins in clinical practice. 4D BF‐STIC was superior in detecting the greatest number of pulmonary veins before 32 gestational weeks, but had limited clinical usage because it was very time‐consuming and experience‐dependent. The 4D method should be considered as a complement to traditional two‐dimensional sonography, because it facilitates understanding of the anatomy and the spatial relationships of the cardiac structures. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Prenatal Diagnosis - October 1, 2012 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Ying Zhang, Changwei Ding, Miao Fan, Weidong Ren, Yajun Guo, Wei Sun, Ailu Cai Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Preoperative assessment for cardiac surgery
This article describes the many facets of anaesthetic pre-assessment for patients undergoing cardiac surgery, highlighting several issues common to this group of patients. The concept of preoperative scoring systems is introduced, and the application and interpretation of several commonly employed cardiac investigations summarized.
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: I.R. Mowat, Andrea A. Kelleher Tags: Cardiac anaesthesia Source Type: research

Physical examination of upper extremity compressive neuropathies.
This article summarizes relevant anatomy and physical examination findings associated with upper extremity compressive neuropathies. PMID: 23026457 [PubMed - in process]
Source: The Orthopedic Clinics of North America - October 1, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Popinchalk SP, Schaffer AA Tags: Orthop Clin North Am Source Type: research

Ulnar tunnel syndrome.
Abstract Ulnar tunnel syndrome could be broadly defined as a compressive neuropathy of the ulnar nerve at the level of the wrist. The ulnar tunnel, or Guyon's canal, has a complex and variable anatomy. Various factors may precipitate the onset of ulnar tunnel syndrome. Patient presentation depends on the anatomic zone of ulnar nerve compression: zone I compression, motor and sensory signs and symptoms; zone II compression, isolated motor deficits; and zone III compression; purely sensory deficits. Conservative treatment such as activity modification may be helpful, but often, surgical exploration of the ulnar tunne...
Source: The Orthopedic Clinics of North America - October 1, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Bachoura A, Jacoby SM Tags: Orthop Clin North Am Source Type: research

Laparoscopic Transgastric Endoscopy after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Case Series and Review of the Literature.
We describe a case series of 13 patients with a history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for the treatment of morbid obesity who underwent laparoscopic transgastric endoscopy through the gastric remnant to access the duodenum or biliary tree. Charts of these patients were reviewed for demographics, indications for procedure, length of stay, morbidity, and mortality. Four of the patients had failed prior attempts to access the excluded anatomy through traditional transoral endoscopy. Two patients underwent transgastric endoscopy for evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding. Of the 11 patients for whom endoscopic retrograde cholan...
Source: The American Surgeon - October 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Richardson JF, Lee JG, Smith BR, Nguyen B, Pham KP, Nguyen NT Tags: Am Surg Source Type: research

Pancreatic fluid collections: Physiology, natural history, and indications for drainage
Abstract: Pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) are a common manifestation of pancreatitis and can be seen in up to 50% of cases. Advances in cross-sectional imaging techniques have led to a greater understanding of the natural history of PFCs. This, combined with a lack of uniformity in the nomenclature of PFCs, has led to the revised Atlanta Criteria for pancreatic fluid collections, which designates 4 main types: acute peri-PFC (APFC), postnecrotic PFC (PNPFC), pancreatic pseudocyst, and walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN). Each of these fluid collections can be either sterile or infected. When present for >4 weeks fro...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - October 1, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Imad Elkhatib, Thomas Savides, Syed M. Abbas Fehmi Source Type: research