Anatomy Research This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 33.

Cranial roots of the accessory nerve exist in the majority of adult humans
In this study, 43 adult cadavers (86 sides) were dissected via a posterior approach to the craniocervical junction. Observations were made for the presence or absence of cranial roots of the accessory nerve, and when present, their lengths and diameters were measured. Relationships of these rootlets were documented. A cranial root of the accessory nerve was identified in 76% of sides. When identified, 1–6 cranial rootlets (mean 4.5) of the accessory nerve were observed. They ranged in diameter from 0.1 to 1.1 mm (mean 0.7 mm). The length of these nerves ranged from 8 to 24 mm with a mean of 17 mm. In general, the more su...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - July 31, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: R. Shane Tubbs, Brion Benninger, Marios Loukas, Aaron A. Cohen Gadol Tags: Original Communication Source Type: research

Two drawings by Franz Batke in Gray's Anatomy
Source: Clinical Anatomy - July 31, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Susan Standring Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

The Location of the Major Ascending and Descending Spinal Cord Tracts in all Spinal Cord Segments in the Mouse: Actual and Extrapolated
AbstractInformation on the location of the major spinal cord tracts in the mouse is sparse. We have collected published data on the position of these tracts in the mouse and have used data from other mammals to identify the most likely position of tracts for which there is no mouse data. We have plotted the position of six descending tracts (corticospinal, rubrospinal, medial and lateral vestibulospinal, rostral and caudal reticulospinal) and eight ascending tracts (gracile; cuneate; postsynaptic dorsal columns; dorsolateral, lateral, and anterior spinothalamic; dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar) on diagrams of transverse...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - July 31, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Charles Watson, Megan Harrison Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

What Determines Motor Neuron Number? Slow Scaling of Facial Motor Neuron Numbers With Body Mass in Marsupials and Primates
AbstractHow does the number of motor neurons in the brain correlate with the muscle mass to be controlled in the body? Numbers of motor neurons are known to be adjusted during development by cell death, but the change in the percentage of surviving motor neurons in response to experimental changes in target muscle mass is relatively small. Here we address the quantitative matching between final numbers of motor neurons in the facial nucleus and body mass (which we use as a proxy for the muscle mass). In 22 marsupial species, we found that the number of facial motor neurons is strongly correlated with body mass, and scales ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - July 31, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Charles Watson, Jan Provis, Suzana Herculano‐Houzel Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Endoscopic anatomy of sellar region
Abstract The transsphenoidal approach is the preferred access used in surgical treatment of most sellar region pathologies. The use of endoscopy is advantageous, and it is considered a good alternative to the traditional microsurgical technique. The purpose of this study is to recognize and describe anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus and the sellar region, mainly describing the anatomy of the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus and analyzing intercarotid distances in 3 regions. Thirty sphenoid blocks treated with formaldehyde were injected and dissected. Using endoscopy, anatomical variations were ...
Source: Pituitary - July 30, 2012 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Pituitary Source Type: research

eMouseAtlas, EMAGE, and the spatial dimension of the transcriptome
Abstract eMouseAtlas (www.emouseatlas.org) is a comprehensive online resource to visualise mouse development and investigate gene expression in the mouse embryo. We have recently deployed a completely redesigned Mouse Anatomy Atlas website (www.emouseatlas.org/emap/ema) that allows users to view 3D embryo reconstructions, delineated anatomy, and high-resolution histological sections. A new feature of the website is the IIP3D web tool that allows a user to view arbitrary sections of 3D embryo reconstructions using a web browser. This feature provides interactive access to very high-volume 3D images via a tiled...
Source: Mammalian Genome - July 30, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Mammalian Genome Source Type: research

Low TLR9 expression defines an aggressive subtype of triple-negative breast cancer
Abstract Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) is a DNA receptor widely expressed in cancers. Although synthetic TLR9 ligands induce cancer cell invasion in vitro, the role of TLR9 in cancer pathophysiology is unclear. We discovered that low tumor TLR9 expression is associated with significantly shortened disease-specific survival in patients with triple negative but not with ER+ breast cancers. A likely mechanism of this clinical finding involves differential responses to hypoxia. Our pre-clinical studies indicate that while TLR9 expression is hypoxia-regulated, low TLR9 expression has different effects on triple neg...
Source: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment - July 30, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Source Type: research

Balloon-assisted enteroscopy in patients with surgically altered anatomy: a liver transplant center experience (with video)
Before the development of balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE), gaining endoscopic access to the Roux limb and biliary tree in surgically altered anatomy has been notoriously difficult to accomplish. This may be particularly the case in patients who have had a Whipple or Roux-en-Y procedure. Other instruments such as push enteroscopes and pediatric colonoscopes have been explored as potential options, but their failure rates have been high. Accordingly, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiograms, or even surgical approaches, have been required even for fairly basic diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - July 30, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Tee Joo Chua, Arthur John Kaffes Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

Effect of Maintaining Apical Patency on Irrigant Penetration into the Apical Two Millimeters of Large Root Canals: An In Vivo Study
Conclusions: Maintaining apical patency improves the delivery of irrigants into the apical third of large human root canals.
Source: Journal of Endodontics - July 30, 2012 Category: Dentistry Authors: Jorge Vera, Erick M. Hernández, Mónica Romero, Ana Arias, Lucas W.M. van der Sluis Tags: Clinical Research Source Type: research

Effect of flow pulsatility on modeling the hemodynamics in the total cavopulmonary connection
In this study, 3D numerical simulations with both pulsatile and non-pulsatile boundary conditions were performed for 24 patients with different anatomies and flow boundary conditions from Georgia Tech database. Flow structures, energy dissipation rates and pressure drops were compared under rest and simulated exercise conditions. It was found that flow pulsatility is the primary factor in determining the appropriate choice of boundary conditions, whereas the anatomic configuration and cardiac output had secondary effects. Results show that the hemodynamics can be strongly influenced by the presence of pulsatile flow. Howev...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - July 30, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Reza H. Khiabani, Maria Restrepo, Elaine Tang, Diane De Zélicourt, Fotis Sotiropoulos, Mark Fogel, Ajit P. Yoganathan Tags: Papers Source Type: research

Echocardiographic Anatomy of the Mitral Valve: A Critical Appraisal of 2-Dimensional Imaging Protocols With a 3-Dimensional Perspective
Objective: To highlight the limitations of traditional 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic mitral valve (MV) examination methodologies, which do not account for patient-specific transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) probe adjustments made during an actual clinical perioperative TEE examination. Design: Institutional quality-improvement project. Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Participants: Attending anesthesiologists certified by the National Board of Echocardiography. Intervention: Using the technique of multiplanar reformatting with 3-dimensional (3D) data, ambiguous 2D images of the MV were generated, which...
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - July 30, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Feroze Mahmood, Philip E. Hess, Robina Matyal, G. Burkhard Mackensen, Angela Wang, Aisha Qazi, Peter J. Panzica, Adam B. Lerner, Andrew Maslow Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Success Rate of Single- versus Two-visit Root Canal Treatment of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Conclusions: Several factors play an important role in the decision-making process of 1- versus 2-visit endodontics. Among these are objective factors like preoperative diagnosis, the ability to obtain infection control, root canal anatomy, procedural complications, and subjective factors like patients' signs and symptoms. This study provided evidence that with a treatment protocol with instrumentation to predefined larger apical instrumentation sizes and irrigation with a negative apical pressure system can lead to healing in cases of apical periodontitis, which is a significant finding compared with more dated studies th...
Source: Journal of Endodontics - July 30, 2012 Category: Dentistry Authors: Jorge Paredes-Vieyra, Francisco Javier Jimenez Enriquez Tags: CONSORT Randomized Clinical Trial Source Type: research

Anatomy of the foot venous pump: physiology and influence on chronic venous disease.
In conclusion, the plantar veins play an important role in the physiology of the venous return since a venous reservoir of 25 mL of blood is mobilized upwards with each step during walking. Therefore, the impairment of the foot pump by a static foot disorder should be considered as an important risk factor for chronic venous disease, and should be evaluated and corrected in any patient with venous insufficiency. PMID: 22847928 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Phlebology - July 30, 2012 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Uhl JF, Gillot C Tags: Phlebology Source Type: research

The vascular architecture of the supravaginal and vaginal parts of the human uterine cervix: a study using corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy.
This study introduces the idea of two systems responsible for draining blood from the mucosal capillaries. It is also the first to suggest the possible existence of a countercurrent transport between adjoining veins and arteries. PMID: 22844876 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Anatomy - July 30, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Bereza T, Tomaszewski KA, Bałajewicz-Nowak M, Mizia E, Pasternak A, Walocha J Tags: J Anat Source Type: research

Maternal factors associated with misperceptions of the second‐trimester sonogram
ConclusionLower educational attainment and lower income are associated with misperception of the sensitivity and safety of a second‐trimester sonogram. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Prenatal Diagnosis - July 30, 2012 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Amy E. Wong, Justin P. Collingham, Stacey P. Koszut, William A. Grobman Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

High‐resolution ultrasound of the pudendal nerve: Normal anatomy
Conclusion:High‐resolution ultrasound (US) can identify the pudendal nerve and its terminal branches. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Muscle and Nerve - July 30, 2012 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Alberto Tagliafico, Maribel Miguel Perez, Carlo Martinoli Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Analysis of regional recurrence after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy for head and neck melanoma
ConclusionsThe risk of a false‐negative SLN biopsy in head and neck melanoma is independent of primary site and lymphatic drainage pattern. Patients with head and neck melanoma who have a regional recurrence after a negative SLN biopsy do not have a worse survival than that of patients who are initially SLN positive. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Source: Head and Neck - July 29, 2012 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Kelly McDonald, Andrew J. Page, Sumanas W. Jordan, Carrie Chu, Andrea Hestley, Keith A. Delman, Douglas R. Murray, Grant W. Carlson Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Molecular characteristics and prognostic features of breast cancer in Nigerian compared with UK women
This study demonstrates that there are possible genetic and molecular differences between an indigenous Black population and a UK-based series. The basal-like, triple negative and BRCA1 dysfunction groups of tumours identified in this study may have implications in the development of screening programs and therapies for African patients and families that are likely to have a BRCA1 dysfunction, basal like and triple negative. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EpidemiologyPages 1-15DOI 10.1007/s10549-012-2173-7Authors A. J. Agboola, Division of Pathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University Hospita...
Source: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment - July 28, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Source Type: research

Serum and urine biochemistry of Central Asian tortoises (Testudo horsfieldi)
This study was conducted in order to determine plasma and urine biochemical analytes in clinically healthy Central Asian tortoises. Fifteen apparently healthy adult tortoises from both sexes weighted 1,050.6 ± 81.4 g (935–1,155 g) were studied. Blood samples were collected from dorsal coccygeal veins into tubes containing EDTA. Plasma and urine concentrations of glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, phosphorous, bilirubin, and ammonia were determined using standard methods. The results of plasma biochemistry indicated that the concentrations o...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - July 28, 2012 Category: Pathology Tags: Comparative Clinical Pathology Source Type: research

Measuring the risk of sustaining injury in sport a novel approach to aid the re-design of personal protective equipment.
Abstract Despite the possibilities offered by new approaches in design and advances in materials and manufacturing methods, few items of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) used in sport have seen significant change for many decades. A major reason for this is the tradition and conservative attitudes associated with many sports, although the absence of appropriate tools and techniques to assist the design and development process has also played a large part. The aim of this study was to develop the first stage of a method of identifying specific regions of the human anatomy that are at the greatest risk of sustaini...
Source: Applied Ergonomics - July 28, 2012 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Velani N, Wilson O, Halkon BJ, Harland AR Tags: Appl Ergon Source Type: research

The GlideScope Direct: its use as a videolaryngoscopic intubation trainer
Does videolaryngoscopy assist the learner in acquiring the skill of direct laryngoscopy? The advantage of videolaryngoscopy is that instructor and student share the same view, allowing optimal teaching of the technique . For a videolaryngoscope to help in this process, it should resemble the direct method in both form and function. Some videolaryngoscopes such as the regular GlideScope (Verathon Inc., Bothell, WA, USA) and Pentax Airway Scope (Ambu, Burnie, MD, USA) do not resemble direct laryngoscopic equipment. In contrast, the Storz Macintosh videolaryngoscopes (Karl Storz Endoscopy-America, El Segundo, CA, USA), both t...
Source: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia - July 28, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: David W. Healy Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Anatomy of the superior mediastinum
Abstract: The superior mediastinum is the region sandwiched between the pleural sac on each side above an imaginary line from the angle of Louis in front to the fourth/fifth thoracic intervertebral disc behind. Its important contents are the oesophagus, trachea, great veins, aortic arch and its branches, the vagus, phrenic and left recurrent laryngeal nerves, the upper part of the thoracic duct and the thymus gland.
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - July 28, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Harold Ellis Tags: Cardiac Anaesthesia Source Type: research

The anatomy of the heart
Abstract: The normal heart is the size of the patient's closed fist. The venae cavae drain into the right atrium, which bears the fossa ovalis and receives the coronary sinus and the anterior cardiac vein. The atrium empties into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. Both ventricles have trabeculated walls (trabeculae carneae), and from some project the papillary muscles, bearing the chordae tendinae attached to the free borders of the tricuspid valve. The same arrangement is seen on the left side. The right ventricle leads to the pulmonary trunk, guarded by its three valve cusps. Oxygenated blood returns to the...
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - July 28, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Harold Ellis Tags: Cardiac Anaesthesia Source Type: research

Gastric estrogen increases pituitary estrogen receptor α and prolactin mRNAs during the different pathological conditions of the liver
Abstract Mammalian liver is an estrogen-responsive tissue mediated by hepatic estrogen receptors. Although Ueyama et al. (Endocrinology 143:3162–3170, 2002) have reported the presence of aromatase and active production of gastric 17β-estradiol in parietal cells, there are a few studies on gastric 17β-estradiol exploring the relationship between gastro-hepato function and the gastro-pituitary-gonadal axis. The alteration of gastric 17β-estradiol flow into the systemic circulation by portal vein ligation (PVL) or partial hepatectomy (PH), and the effect of gastric 17β-estradiol on the pituitary function ...
Source: Endocrine - July 28, 2012 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Endocrine Source Type: research

A Stable and Real-Time Nonlinear Elastic Approach to Simulating Guidewire and Catheter Insertions Based on Cosserat Rod
Interventional Radiology procedures (e.g., angioplasty, embolization, stent graft placement) provide minimally invasive therapy to treat a wide range of conditions. These procedures involve the use of flexible tipped guidewires to advance diagnostic or therapeutic catheters into a patient’s vascular or visceral anatomy. This paper presents a real-time physically based hybrid modeling approach to simulating guidewire insertions. The long, slender body of the guidewire shaft is simulated using nonlinear elastic Cosserat rods, and the shorter flexible tip composed of a straight, curved, or angled design is modeled usin...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - July 28, 2012 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Direct cholangioscopy combined with double-balloon enteroscope-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Abstract Double-balloon enteroscope (DBE)-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an effective endoscopic approach for pancreatobiliary disorders in patients with altered gastrointestinal anatomy. Endoscopic interventions via DBE in these postoperative settings remain difficult because of the lack of an elevator and the use of extra-long ERCP accessories. Here, we report the usefulness of direct cholangioscopy with an ultra-slim gastroscope during DBE-assisted ERCP. Three patients with choledocholithiasis in postoperative settings (two patients after Billroth II gastrojejunostomy and one p...
Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG - July 28, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Koshitani T, Matsuda S, Takai K, Motoyoshi T, Nishikata M, Yamashita Y, Kirishima T, Yoshinami N, Shintani H, Yoshikawa T Tags: World J Gastroenterol Source Type: research

Present and future in the use of micro-CT scanner 3D analysis for the study of dental and root canal morphology.
Present and future in the use of micro-CT scanner 3D analysis for the study of dental and root canal morphology. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2012;48(1):26-34 Authors: Grande NM, Plotino G, Gambarini G, Testarelli L, D'Ambrosio F, Pecci R, Bedini R Abstract The goal of the present article is to illustrate and analyze the applications and the potential of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) in the analysis of tooth anatomy and root canal morphology. The authors performed a micro-CT analysis of the following different teeth: maxillary first molars with a second canal in the mesiobuccal (MB) root, mandibular first mo...
Source: Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanita - July 27, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Grande NM, Plotino G, Gambarini G, Testarelli L, D'Ambrosio F, Pecci R, Bedini R Tags: Ann Ist Super Sanita Source Type: research

Lumbar punctures and cerebrospinal fluid analysis
We describe how, with adequate preparation and correct positioning of the patient, the procedure can be performed quickly and safely. The range of investigations that can be performed on the CSF and their interpretation will be discussed.
Source: Medicine - July 27, 2012 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Justin Pearson, Geraint Fuller Tags: Investigations Source Type: research

Multibranched Endovascular Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Broadly Applicable or Niche Technique?
This study estimated the prevalence of anatomy appropriate for multibranched endovascular aneurysm repair (MBEVAR) of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) as an indication of the potential scope of the technique.
Source: Journal of Vascular Surgery - July 27, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Warren Gasper, Linda M. Reilly, Joseph H. Rapp, S. Marlene Grenon, Jade S. Hiramoto, Julia D. Sobel, Timothy A. Chuter Tags: Abstracts from the 2012 Western Vascular Society Annual Meeting Source Type: research

Case-Specific Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Simulation: A Pilot Comparison of Simulated Aneurysm Repair with Actual Live Cases
Patient-specific endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) simulation has the potential to allow the operative team, particularly trainees, to rehearse an entire case on the patient's actual anatomy before performing the actual procedure. To better understand how closely outcomes of live cases measured up to simulated ones, we analyzed the operative metrics of EVAR simulations compared with previously performed cases.
Source: Journal of Vascular Surgery - July 27, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Venita Chandra, Robert Gowing, Amy Peruzarro, Jason T. Lee Tags: Abstracts from the 2012 Western Vascular Society Annual Meeting Source Type: research

The dangers of damage control orthopedics: a case report of vascular injury after femoral fracture external fixation.
CONCLUSION: This case highlights the dangers associated with damage control orthopedics, especially when severe trauma alters normal local anatomy. Careful assessment of external fixator pin placement is crucial to avoiding iatrogenic injury. We recommend a thorough vascular examination pre-operatively and prior to leaving the operating room, which allows any abnormalities to be further evaluated while the patient remains in a controlled environment. When an unrecognized iatrogenic injury occurs, serial postoperative neurovascular examinations allow early recognition and corrective actions. PMID: 22443812 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Patient Safety in Surgery - July 27, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Staeheli GR, Fraser MR, Morgan SJ Tags: Patient Saf Surg Source Type: research

Description of a multicenter safety checklist for intraoperative hemorrhage control while clamped during robotic partial nephrectomy.
CONCLUSIONS: Safely performing robotic partial nephrectomy is dependent on attention to prevention of hemorrhage and rapid response to the challenge of intraoperative bleeding. Preparation is essential for maximizing the chance of success during robotic partial nephrectomy. PMID: 22471921 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Patient Safety in Surgery - July 27, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Nepple KG, Sandhu GS, Rogers CG, Allaf ME, Kaouk JH, Figenshau RS, Stifelman MD, Bhayani SB Tags: Patient Saf Surg Source Type: research

Tertiary lymphoid organ development coincides with determinant spreading of the myelin-specific T cell response
Abstract While the role of T cells has been studied extensively in multiple sclerosis (MS), the pathogenic contribution of B cells has only recently attracted major attention, when it was shown that B cell aggregates can develop in the meninges of a subset of MS patients and were suggested to be correlates of late-stage and more aggressive disease in this patient population. However, whether these aggregates actually exist has subsequently been questioned and their functional significance has remained unclear. Here, we studied myelin basic protein (MBP)–proteolipid protein (PLP)-induced experimental autoim...
Source: Acta Neuropathologica - July 27, 2012 Category: Neurology Tags: Acta Neuropathologica Source Type: research

Anatomy and surgical landmarks for the ansa pectoralis: application to pectoralis major nerve selective neurotomy
Conclusion Ansa pectoralis can be found by a curved incision made at the mid-third of the distance between the sternoclavicular and the acromioclavicular joints, the medial point being located just below the lower edge of the clavicle and the lateral point 2 cm below the inferior edge of the clavicle. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Anatomic Bases of Medical, Radiological and Surgical TechniquesPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-0990-3Authors Maud Creze, Laboratoire d’Anatomie et d’Organogenèse, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, FranceJohann Peltier, Laboratoire d’Anatomie e...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - July 27, 2012 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: research

Skull base CT: normative values for size and symmetry of the facial nerve canal, foramen ovale, pterygoid canal, and foramen rotundum
Conclusion Relative asymmetry is more important than absolute size for determining nerve canal/foramen abnormality. These normative data may be useful adjuncts to subjective assessments of nerve canal/foramen size when using skull base CT to identify tumor. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-1001-4Authors Ali R. Sepahdari, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 757 Westwood Plaza, Suite 1621D, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USASandy Mong, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen Sch...
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - July 27, 2012 Category: Anatomy Tags: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Source Type: research

Clinical, Pathological and Surgical Characteristics of Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor and Their Influence on Survival: A Multi-Center Study
Conclusions Type of duodenal resection does not impact outcome. The choice should be determined by duodenal site of origin and tumor size. IM may be considered in cases at high risk of recurrence; in neoadjuvant setting, IM might facilitate resection and possibly increase the chance of preserving normal biliary and pancreatic anatomy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Bone and Soft Tissue SarcomasPages 1-7DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2559-0Authors C. Colombo, Department of Surgery, Sarcoma Service, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, ItalyU. Ronellenfitsc...
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology - July 27, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Annals of Surgical Oncology Source Type: research

Response
We very much appreciate the comments of Goldberg and Darwin regarding our recent article and are extremely grateful to them for sharing their experience of unexpected adverse events caused by peroral direct cholangioscopy in altered GI anatomy. Although the precise mechanism of air embolism after ERCP has not been well-defined, it is considered mainly related to a biliovenous fistula or bilioportal fistula, as has been reported in the literature regarding ERCP. In almost all reported cases with an air embolism, such as that reported by Goldberg and Darwin, air insufflation was used during ERCP in combination with other met...
Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - July 27, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Takao Itoi Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Peroral direct cholangioscopy in patients with altered GI anatomy: proceed with extreme caution!
We read with interest the article by Itoi et al reporting the efficacy of peroral direct cholangioscopy in patients with altered GI anatomy. We had been using this technique at our institution for the treatment of bile duct stones in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy. Although we found it effective, one of our patients had a fatal intraprocedural air embolism. It should be noted that we were using standard air insufflation, not C02.
Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - July 27, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Eric Goldberg, Peter Darwin Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Response
We thank Dr Ustundag and colleagues for their interest in our study. The letter brought a sense of déjà-vu, inasmuch as we ourselves defended precut papillotomy almost 14 years ago in letters to the editor of this journal, in response to an Italian multicenter study and an accompanying editorial. Almost 150 precut papillotomy procedures have been done every year at our center for the past 15 years, so we are unlikely to harbor any bias against the procedure. As mentioned in the article, we adopted the EUS-guided rendezvous procedure as a standard of care for bile duct access after our initial study of patients with disto...
Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - July 27, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Vinay Dhir, Amit Maydeo Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Prospective evaluation of spiral overtube–assisted ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy
Access to the major and minor papilla for endoscopic therapy of pancreatobiliary diseases by ERCP is usually difficult and often impossible to accomplish in patients with surgically altered anatomy. ERCP is often attempted in these cases with a duodenoscope, push enteroscope, or pediatric colonoscope, or more recently with overtube-assisted enteroscopes (double-balloon and single-balloon enteroscopy). The Endo-Ease Discovery SB overtube-assisted enteroscopy system (Spirus Medical, West Bridgewater, MA) has been recently introduced for endoscopic access to the small intestine and has shown promise in deep small-bowel enteroscopy.
Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - July 27, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Mihir S. Wagh, Peter V. Draganov Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

A New Scoring System for Predicting Stone-free Rate After Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery: The “Resorlu-Unsal Stone Score”
Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors associated with the treatment efficacy of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and develop a scoring system for predicting the stone-free rate after this surgery. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 207 patients who underwent RIRS for renal stones between January 2009 and September 2011. Patient age, gender, body mass index, stone size, stone side, stone location, stone composition, number of stones, lower pole infundibulopelvic angle, using anticoagulant therapy, abnormal skeletal anatomy, and abnormal renal anatomy were investigated as potential preoperati...
Source: Urology - July 27, 2012 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Berkan Resorlu, Ali Unsal, Handan Gulec, Derya Oztuna Tags: Endourology and Stones Source Type: research

The Enamel Microstructures of Bovine Mandibular Incisors.
Abstract Bovine teeth have been considered as an excellent substitute for human teeth for dental research, however, the enamel microstructures of bovine incisors that include arrangements of prisms and interprisms, and their spatial relationships have not been well described. The aim of this study was to investigate the detail enamel microstructures of bovine incisors. Eight bovine mandibular incisors were cut into 77 pieces at eight equal intervals either in the longitudinal direction or in the horizontal direction before each piece had been tangentially cut (parallel to enamel-dentin junction) through the middle ...
Source: Anatomical Record - July 27, 2012 Category: Anatomy Authors: Wang C, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Tiantang, Fu B Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Clinical implications of the transversus abdominis plane block in pediatric anesthesia
This article describes the history, anatomy, and a review of the current literature on TAP blocks with an emphasis on outcomes in pediatric patients.
Source: Pediatric Anesthesia - July 27, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Christine L. Mai, Mark J. Young, Sadeq A. Quraishi Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Prenatal nicotine exposure alters neuroanatomical organization of the developing brain
This study was designed to examine if there are morphological changes (dendritic branching, dendritic length, and spine density) in mPFC, OFC, parietal cortex, and nucleus accumbens associated with exposure to nicotine during gestation. Nicotine or saline was administered to pregnant Long Evans dams for the duration of pregnancy. Golgi‐cox techniques were used to examine neuroanatomy of offspring at postnatal day 21. The dendritic changes identified in rats exposed to nicotine prenatally resembled neuroanatomical changes that are identified in rats administered nicotine in adulthood. Of the 18 anatomical parameters measu...
Source: Synapse - July 27, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: A. Muhammad, R. Mychasiuk, A. Nakahashi, S. Hossain, R. Gibb, B. Kolb Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Is laparoscopic right colectomy more effective than open resection? A meta‐analysis of randomized and nonrandomized studies
Conclusion Laparoscopic‐assisted right colectomy results in less blood loss, a shorter length of hospital stay and lower postoperative short‐term morbidity compared with ORC.
Source: Colorectal Disease - July 27, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: F. Rondelli, S. Trastulli, N. Avenia, G. Schillaci, R. Cirocchi, N. Gullà, E. Mariani, G. Bistoni, G. Noya Tags: Meta‐analysis Source Type: research

Bedside echocardiography in critically ill patients: a true hemodynamic monitoring tool
This article will describe transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, their scope, and the classic windows needed to interpret the examination properly. We will also report the main indications of echocardiography and the corresponding parameters. Finally, we will indicate educational programs and define minimum training that enable self-sufficiency. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory INVITED REVIEWPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10877-012-9385-6Authors Siu-Ming Au, Intensive Care Unit, Section Thorax-Vascular Diseases-Abdomen-Metabolism, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, University Hospital Ambroise Paré, 9 avenu...
Source: Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing - July 26, 2012 Category: Information Technology Tags: Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing Source Type: research

Duodenal Duplication Cyst: A Potentially Malignant Disease
Conclusions For relieving symptoms and preventing further complications, such as pancreatitis or malignant transformation, surgical resection of duodenal duplication cysts is indicated. In cases of difficulties to individualize the neighboring anatomical structures preoperatively, 3D reconstruction is a helpful approach to determine the surgical strategy. Enucleation allows a total excision while minimizing the adverse effects and therefore it is our treatment of choice for duodenal duplication cysts without communication. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gastrointestinal OncologyPages 1-2DOI 10....
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology - July 26, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Annals of Surgical Oncology Source Type: research

Microsurgical clipping of true posterior communicating artery aneurysms
Conclusions A thorough pre-operative understanding of this unique anatomy is essential in minimising morbidity associated with microsurgical clipping of this aneurysm configuration. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory How I Do itPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00701-012-1435-9Authors Gregory A. Kuzmik, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USAKetan R. Bulsara, Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208082, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Journal Acta NeurochirurgicaOnline ISSN 0942-0940Print ISSN 0001-6268
Source: Acta Neurochirurgica - July 26, 2012 Category: Neurology Tags: Acta Neurochirurgica Source Type: research

Ultrasound of penetrating ocular injury in a combat environment
Penetrating eye injuries are uncommon in a civilian environment, but unfortunately, very common in a military emergency department. Ultrasound of the eye is quick, reliable, accurate, and easy to learn. This review aims to demonstrate normal anatomy and penetrating injuries of the anterior and posterior compartments of the eye.
Source: Clinical Radiology - July 26, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: D.A.T. Gay, J.V. Ritchie, J.N. Perry, S. Horne Tags: Pictorial Reviews Source Type: research

Maximal Venous Outflow Velocity: An Index for Iliac Vein Obstruction
Leg swelling is a common cause for vascular surgical evaluation, and iliocaval obstruction due to May–Thurner syndrome (MTS) can be difficult to diagnose. Physical examination and planar radiographic imaging give anatomic information but may miss the fundamental pathophysiology of MTS. Similarly, duplex ultrasonographic examination of the legs gives little information about central impedance of venous return above the inguinal ligament. We have modified the technique of duplex ultrasonography to evaluate the flow characteristics of the leg after tourniquet-induced venous engorgement, with the objective of revealing ilioc...
Source: Annals of Vascular Surgery - July 26, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: T. Matthew Jones, David C. Cassada, R. Eric Heidel, Oscar G. Grandas, Scott L. Stevens, Michael B. Freeman, James D. Edmondson, Mitchell H. Goldman Tags: Clinical Research Source Type: research