Anesthesiology
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 15.
Venous air embolism during deep brain stimulation surgery in an awake child.
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PMID: 19784708 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia - September 25, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Gooden CK, Osborn IP Tags: Can J Anaesth Source Type: journals
Editorial Board
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Source: European Journal of Pain - September 25, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: journals
Mechanical Ventilation Induces a Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain-containing Adapter-inducing Interferon [beta]-dependent Inflammatory Response in Healthy Mice
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Conclusions: The current study supports a prominent role for TRIF in the development of the pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response after MV.
(C) 2009 American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc.
Source: Anesthesiology - September 25, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Critical Care Medicine Source Type: journals
Mortality Associated with Implantation and Management of Intrathecal Opioid Drug Infusion Systems to Treat Noncancer Pain
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Conclusions: Patients with noncancer pain treated with intrathecal opioid therapy experience increased mortality compared to similar patients treated by using other therapies. Respiratory depression as a consequence of intrathecal drug overdosage or mixed intrathecal and systemic drug interactions is one plausible, but hypothetical mechanism. The exact causes for patient deaths and the proportion of those deaths attributable to intrathecal opioid therapy remain to be determined. These findings, although based on incomplete information, suggest that it may be possible to reduce mortality in noncancer intrathecal opioid ther...
Source: Anesthesiology - September 25, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Pain Medicine Source Type: journals
Adenosine: An Old Drug Newly Discovered
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Over decades, anesthesiologists have used intravenous adenosine as mainstay therapy for diagnosing or treating supraventricular tachycardia in the perioperative setting. More recently, specific adenosine receptor therapeutics or gene-targeted mice deficient in extracellular adenosine production or individual adenosine receptors became available. These models enabled physicians and scientists to learn more about the biologic functions of extracellular nucleotide metabolism and adenosine signaling. Such functions include specific signaling effects through adenosine receptors expressed by many mammalian tissues; for example, ...
Source: Anesthesiology - September 25, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: journals
Effect of [beta]-blocker Prescription on the Incidence of Postoperative Myocardial Infarction after Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
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Conclusion: After adjustment for confounders, discontinuation of [beta]-blocker prescription during the first week after surgery was significantly associated with POMI and death. These findings confirm the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery, which recommend not to withdraw [beta]-blocker therapy.
(C) 2009 American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc.
Source: Anesthesiology - September 25, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Perioperative Medicine Source Type: journals
Operation Timing Does Not Affect Outcome after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
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Conclusions: Elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery can be scheduled throughout the workday, any day of the work week and in any month of the year without compromising outcome.
(C) 2009 American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc.
Source: Anesthesiology - September 25, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Perioperative Medicine Source Type: journals
Tidal Volume Lower than 6 ml/kg Enhances Lung Protection: Role of Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal
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Background: Tidal hyperinflation may occur in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome who are ventilated with a tidal volume (VT) of 6 ml/kg of predicted body weight develop a plateau pressure (PPLAT) of 28
Source: Anesthesiology - September 25, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Critical Care Medicine Source Type: journals
Does Vitamin D Protect Against High BP?
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Title: Does Vitamin D Protect Against High BP?Category: Health NewsCreated: 9/25/2009 10:59:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 9/25/2009 10:59:09 AM
Source: MedicineNet Chronic Pain General - September 25, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: consumer
FDA Acknowledges Mistakes in Knee-Device Approval
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Title: FDA Acknowledges Mistakes in Knee-Device ApprovalCategory: Health NewsCreated: 9/24/2009 6:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 9/25/2009
Source: MedicineNet Chronic Pain General - September 25, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: consumer
A systematic review of adverse events in placebo groups of anti-migraine clinical trials
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Abstract: In analgesic clinical trials, adverse events are reported for the painkiller under evaluation and compared with adverse events in the placebo group. Interestingly, patients who receive the placebo often report a high frequency of adverse events, but little is understood about the nature of these negative effects. In the present study, we compared the rates of adverse events reported in the placebo arms of clinical trials for three classes of anti-migraine drugs: NSAIDs, triptans and anticonvulsants. We identified 73 clinical trials in 69 studies describing adverse events in placebo groups: 8 were clinical trials ...
Source: Pain - September 25, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Martina Amanzio, Luca Latini Corazzini, Lene Vase, Fabrizio Benedetti Tags: Research papers Source Type: journals
Contralateral Stimulation, Using TENS, of Phantom Limb Pain: Two Confirmatory Cases
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Conclusions. Both patients showed a significant improvement in their perception of phantom limb pain and sensations that was maintained at one-year follow-up. A randomized blinded controlled trial to confirm these positive outcomes is required.
Source: Pain Medicine - September 24, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Orazio Giuffrida, Lyn Simpson, Peter W. Halligan Source Type: journals
Intravenous Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Diabetic Lumbosacral Radiculoplexus Neuropathy
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Conclusions. IVIg may rapidly reduce pain and improve motor function in DLRPN despite previous negative response to corticosteroids. IVIg may be repeated in those patients who experience disease relapse. Future double-blind trials are needed to evaluate the role of IVIg in DLRPN.
Source: Pain Medicine - September 24, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Stefano Tamburin, Giampietro Zanette Source Type: journals
Anesthetic drugs and sustained neuroprotection in acute cerebral ischemia: can we alter clinical outcomes?
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PMID: 19779955 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia - September 24, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Werner C Tags: Can J Anaesth Source Type: journals
The optimal dose of rocuronium for rapid sequence induction.
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PMID: 19779954 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia - September 24, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: El-Orbany M, Antapli M Tags: Can J Anaesth Source Type: journals
Randomized non-inferiority trial of the vitalHEAT Temperature Management System vs the Bair Hugger((R)) warmer during total knee arthroplasty.
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CONCLUSIONS: The vitalHEAT system may have advantages over convective warming systems because it requires a much smaller body surface area; however, in this study of warming during total knee arthroplasty, it underperformed when compared with the Bair Hugger((R)), especially around and after the time of tourniquet release. Clinical trial registration number: NCT00711867.
PMID: 19779953 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia - September 24, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Trentman TL, Weinmeister KP, Hentz JG, Laney MB, Simula DV Tags: Can J Anaesth Source Type: journals
Case report: Neurological deficit associated with intraneural needle placement without injection.
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CONCLUSION: This report highlights the hazards of intraneural needle placement irrespective of an associated injection.
PMID: 19779952 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia - September 24, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Fredrickson MJ Tags: Can J Anaesth Source Type: journals
FDA Panel Recommends Approval of New Oxycodone Formulation
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GAITHERSBURG, Md. (MedPage Today) -- An FDA advisory panel voted to recommend approval of a new formulation of oxycodone hydrochloride (OxyContin) that is more difficult to crush or dissolve, and which may deter drug abuse.
Source: MedPage Today Pain Management - September 24, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: news
Fear of Pain Predicts Actual Pain (CME/CE)
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Healthcare workers who are afraid of job-related pain have an increased risk of developing low back pain, a prospective study from Denmark showed.
Source: MedPage Today Pain Management - September 24, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: news
Bad Economy Really Hurts Some Folks
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Title: Bad Economy Really Hurts Some FolksCategory: Health NewsCreated: 9/24/2009 8:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 9/24/2009
Source: MedicineNet Chronic Pain General - September 24, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: consumer
FDA Panels to Review 'Tamper-Resistant' Oxycodone
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FDA staff reviewers have given a tepid endorsement to a new, purportedly more tamper-resistant formulation of Purdue Pharma's controlled-release oxycodone hydrochloride (OxyContin).
Source: MedPage Today Pain Management - September 23, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: news
Molecule Responsible For Axonal Branching Discovered By MDC Researchers
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The human brain consists of about 100 billion (1011) neurons, which altogether form about 100 trillion (1014) synaptic connections with each other. A crucial mechanism for the generation of this complex wiring pattern is the formation of neuronal branches. The neurobiologists Dr. Hannes Schmidt and Professor Fritz G. Rathjen at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch, Germany, have now discovered a molecule that regulates this vital process.
Source: Pain / Anesthetics News From Medical News Today - September 23, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Neurology / Neuroscience Source Type: news
Hemodynamic instability in septic shock.
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PMID: 19774433 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia - September 22, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Lapointe V, Jocov D, Denault A Tags: Can J Anaesth Source Type: journals
Two-operator approach to improve eye-hand coordination using the GlideScope((R)) videolaryngoscope.
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PMID: 19774432 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia - September 22, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Bustamante S, Alfirevic A, O'Connor M Tags: Can J Anaesth Source Type: journals
Postoperative complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective matched cohort study.
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CONCLUSION: Patients with diagnosed OSA have an increased incidence of postoperative complications, the most frequent being oxygen desaturation.
PMID: 19774431 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia - September 22, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Liao P, Yegneswaran B, Vairavanathan S, Zilberman P, Chung F Tags: Can J Anaesth Source Type: journals
Best Option for Fractured Nose Varies by Patient
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Title: Best Option for Fractured Nose Varies by PatientCategory: Health NewsCreated: 9/21/2009 4:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 9/22/2009
Source: MedicineNet Chronic Pain General - September 22, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: consumer
Immune Cells Offer Hope for Injured Lungs
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Title: Immune Cells Offer Hope for Injured LungsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 9/21/2009 4:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 9/22/2009
Source: MedicineNet Chronic Pain General - September 22, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: consumer
Health Tip: Ward Off Runner's Knee
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Title: Health Tip: Ward Off Runner's KneeCategory: Health NewsCreated: 9/22/2009 8:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 9/22/2009
Source: MedicineNet Chronic Pain General - September 22, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: consumer
Medical evaluation of children with chronic abdominal pain: Impact of diagnosis, physician practice orientation, and maternal trait anxiety on mothers’ responses to the evaluation
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This study examined the effects of diagnosis (functional versus organic), physician practice orientation (biomedical versus biopsychosocial), and maternal trait anxiety (high versus low) on mothers’ responses to a child’s medical evaluation for chronic abdominal pain. Mothers selected for high (n=80) and low (n=80) trait anxiety imagined that they were the mother of a child with chronic abdominal pain described in a vignette. They completed questionnaires assessing their negative affect and pain catastrophizing. Next, mothers were randomly assigned to view one of four video vignettes of a physician-actor reporting resu...
Source: Pain - September 22, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Sara E. Williams, Craig A. Smith, Stephen P. Bruehl, Joseph Gigante, Lynn S. Walker Tags: Research papers Source Type: journals
A-kinase anchoring protein 150 controls protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation and sensitization of TRPV1
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Abstract: Post-translational modifications on various receptor proteins have significant effects on receptor activation. For the Transient Receptor Potential family V type 1 (TRPV1) receptor, phosphorylation of certain serine/threonine amino acid residues sensitizes the receptor to activation by capsaicin and heat. Although Protein Kinase C (PKC) phosphorylates TRPV1 on certain serine/threonine residues, it is not completely understood how PKC functionally associates with TRPV1. Recent studies have reported that the A-kinase Anchoring Protein 150 (AKAP150) mediates PKA phosphorylation of TRPV1 in several nociceptive models...
Source: Pain - September 22, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Nathaniel A. Jeske, Amol M. Patwardhan, Nikita B. Ruparel, Armen N. Akopian, Mark S. Shapiro, Michael A. Henry Tags: Research papers Source Type: journals
Peripheral NMDA receptors revisited – Hope floats
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Neuropathic pain patients, especially those with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), remain in the category of “poorly treated” in the clinic. Many currently used therapies for these patients have a low success rate, inconsistent results and/or are based on anecdotal evidence. Therefore, the search for novel treatments and therapies is on-going. In a paper published in this volume by Finch et al. the group revisits the use of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist for the treatment of CRPS. The use of topical 10% ketamine cream and a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial sets this study apart...
Source: Pain - September 21, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Susan M. Carlton Tags: Commentaries Source Type: journals
Balancing nociception in cycling females
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Among the most important discoveries in the 60s is the now well-acknowledged fact that the central nervous system exerts a dynamic influence on nociceptive and other somatovisceral information processing. This discovery led to the Gate Control theory and then to the discovery of descending control mechanisms, initially inhibition followed later by facilitation . These discoveries from research in animals, were quickly adopted and applied to human pain. One such translated concept, in addition to Gate Control, was “descending noxious inhibitory control” , or “DNIC,” in which some neurons in the spinal cord are inhib...
Source: Pain - September 21, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Karen J. Berkley Tags: Commentaries Source Type: journals
The association of malignant hyperthermia and unusual disease: when you're hot you're hot or maybe not.
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PMID: 19762721 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Davis PJ, Brandom BW Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
Malignant hyperthermia-associated diseases: state of the art uncertainty.
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PMID: 19762722 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Litman RS, Rosenberg H Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
Why are cerebral microemboli not associated with cognitive decline?
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PMID: 19762723 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: van Dijk D, Kalkman CJ Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
The effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on the number of cerebral microemboli and the incidence of cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
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CONCLUSIONS: In Chinese population, avoidance of CPB during CABG surgery significantly decreased the number of cerebral microemboli, but it did not decrease the incidence of POCD at either 1 wk or 3 mo after CABG. Neither CPB nor cerebral microemboli was independently associated with the risk of POCD.
PMID: 19762724 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Liu YH, Wang DX, Li LH, Wu XM, Shan GJ, Su Y, Li J, Yu QJ, Shi CX, Huang YN, Sun W Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
In vitro inhibition of factor XIII retards clot formation, reduces clot firmness, and increases fibrinolytic effects in whole blood.
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CONCLUSION: Factor XIII has significant impact on platelet-inhibited activated whole blood thrombelastography. This phenomenon should be considered when interpreting thrombelastographic results in the bleeding patient, especially when the results trigger procoagulant therapy. Antibody-mediated factor XIII inhibition can be used to establish thrombelastography-based assays to detect factor XIII deficiency.
PMID: 19762725 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Jámbor C, Reul V, Schnider TW, Degiacomi P, Metzner H, Korte WC Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
Transesophageal echocardiography of an anomalous circumflex coronary artery: anatomy and implications.
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PMID: 19762726 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Tanzola RC, Allard R Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
Functional tricuspid regurgitation in a patient with endocarditis.
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PMID: 19762727 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Richardson JS, Little MB Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
Penetrating ascending aortic atherosclerotic ulcer.
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PMID: 19762728 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: de Souza DG, Blank RS, Mazzeo FJ, Singh KE Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
Placing a saline bag underneath the displaced heart enhances transgastric transesophageal echocardiographic imaging during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.
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PMID: 19762729 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Kim SH, Yeo JS, Yoon TG, Kim TY, Chee HK Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
Malignant hyperthermia and muscular dystrophies.
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CONCLUSION: We did not find an increased risk of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in patients with DMD or BD compared with the general population. However, dystrophic patients who are exposed to inhaled anesthetics may develop disease-related cardiac complications, or rarely, a malignant hyperthermia-like syndrome characterized by rhabdomyolysis. This latter complication may also occur postoperatively. Succinylcholine administration is associated with life-threatening hyperkalemia and should be avoided in patients with DMD and BD.
PMID: 19762730 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Gurnaney H, Brown A, Litman RS Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
Malignant hyperthermia, coexisting disorders, and enzymopathies: risks and management options.
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Clinical episodes and abnormal laboratory tests compatible with a diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia have been observed in patients with a diversity of syndromes, enzymopathies, and coexisting disorders thereby raising the likelihood of causal associations and heightened perioperative risk in others carrying a shared diagnosis. In the present review, we survey available published series, case reports, and the results of contracture testing in patients identified by others to be potentially predisposed to malignant hyperthermia. For most conditions, evidence for a causal relationship with malignant hyperthermia suscept...
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Benca J, Hogan K Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
The myotonias and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia.
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Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle in which volatile anesthetics trigger a sustained increase in intramyoplasmic Ca(2+) via release from sarcoplasmic reticulum and, possibly, entry from the extracellular milieu that leads to hypermetabolism, muscle rigidity, rhabdomyolysis, and death. Myotonias are a class of myopathies that result from gene mutations in various channels involved in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling and sarcolemmal excitability, and unusual DNA sequence repeats that result in the inability of many proteins, including skeletal muscle channels that ...
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Parness J, Bandschapp O, Girard T Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
Malignant hyperthermia-like syndrome and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency with heterozygous R503C mutation.
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We describe a child who developed a malignant hyperthermia-like syndrome after exposure to succinylcholine and halothane. Many features of a typical malignant hyperthermia episode were present, including tachydysrhythmia, tachypnea, and fever in association with metabolic acidosis, hyperCKemia, myglobinemia, and rapid recovery without residual effects upon administration of dantrolene, sodium bicarbonate, and active cooling. Muscle rigidity, hypercarbia, and hyperkalemia were not observed. The patient was found to be heterozygous for a mutation in the carnitine palmitoyltransferase II gene (CPT2) encoding an arginine to cy...
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Hogan KJ, Vladutiu GD Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
A comparison of high volume/low concentration and low volume/high concentration ropivacaine in caudal analgesia for pediatric orchiopexy.
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CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed (with fluoroscopy) that a caudal block with 1 mL/kg ropivacaine spreads to T11 and to T6 with 1.5 mL/kg. If the total dose is fixed, caudal analgesia with a larger volume of diluted ropivacaine (0.15%) provides better quality and longer duration after discharge than a smaller volume of more concentrated ropivacaine (0.225%) in children undergoing day-case orchiopexy. The spread level of ropivacaine correlated significantly with the first oral acetaminophen time after discharge.
PMID: 19762734 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Hong JY, Han SW, Kim WO, Cho JS, Kil HK Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
The risk factors for hypoxemia in children younger than 5 years old undergoing rigid bronchoscopy for foreign body removal.
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CONCLUSION: We identified risk factors associated with intraoperative or with postoperative hypoxemia in rigid bronchoscopy which included patient age, type of FB, duration of surgical procedure, pneumonia before the procedure, ventilation mode, and duration of emergence from anesthesia. These results provide evidence that will help clinicians to reduce the incidence of hypoxemia in high-risk children.
PMID: 19762735 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Chen LH, Zhang X, Li SQ, Liu YQ, Zhang TY, Wu JZ Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
Children's desire for perioperative information.
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CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the majority of children aged 7-17 yr who undergo surgery want to be given comprehensive perioperative information and health care providers should ensure adequate information regarding postoperative pain is provided.
PMID: 19762736 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Fortier MA, Chorney JM, Rony RY, Perret-Karimi D, Rinehart JB, Camilon FS, Kain ZN Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
Neuromuscular block differentially affects immobility and cortical activation at near-minimum alveolar concentration anesthesia.
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CONCLUSIONS: Both succinylcholine and mivacurium enhanced immobility during near-MAC anesthesia. All treatments were associated with a small, although significant, BIS increase in response to noxious stimulation, whereas succinylcholine increased BIS independently of noxious stimulation or EMG(BIS). Mivacurium suppressed autonomic response to a noxious event.
PMID: 19762737 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Doufas AG, Komatsu R, Orhan-Sungur M, Sengupta P, Wadhwa A, Mascha E, Shafer SL, Sessler DI Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
Nitrous oxide-induced analgesia does not influence nitrous oxide's immobilizing requirements.
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CONCLUSIONS: Destroying brainstem noradrenergic neurons or prolonged exposure to N(2)O removes its analgesic effects, but does not change MAC. The immobilizing mechanism of N(2)O is independent from its analgesic effects.
PMID: 19762738 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 20, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Jinks SL, Carstens E, Antognini JF Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: journals
