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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.

Carrier Cooperation Can Reduce the Transmit Power in Parallel MIMO Broadcast Channels With Zero-Forcing
Even though parallel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channels are known to be separable from an information theoretic point of view, performing separate encoding and decoding on each of the parallel channels has been shown to be potentially suboptimal in broadcast channels with linear transceivers. In this paper, we show that suboptimality of such a carrier-noncooperative transmission also occurs in broadcast channels with zero-forcing and quality of service constraints if time-sharing is not allowed. The proof is given by constructing a minimal example and identifying a rate tuple that is achievable using ...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Unsupervised Nosologic Imaging for Glioma Diagnosis
In this letter a novel approach to create nosologic images of the brain using magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data in an unsupervised way is presented. Different tissue patterns are identified from the MRSI data using nonnegative matrix factorization and are then coded as different primary colors (i.e. red, green, and blue) in an RGB image, so that mixed tissue regions are automatically visualized as mixtures of primary colors. The approach is useful in assisting glioma diagnosis, where several tissue patterns such as normal, tumor, and necrotic tissue can be present in the same voxel/spectrum. Error-maps b...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Call for papers ISBI'14
(Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering information for authors
(Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Associate Editors
(Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Reduction of the Linear Reflex Gain Explained From the M1–M2 Refractory Period
Linear system identification methods combined with neuromechanical modeling enable the quantification of reflex gains from recorded joint angular perturbation, torque, and/or electromyography (EMG). However, the stretch reflex response as recorded by EMG consists of multiple consecutive activation volleys (M1 and M2 responses) separated by a period of reduced activity and is nonlinearly related to joint perturbation. The goal of this study is to assess to what extent linear assumptions hold when quantifying these reflexive responses. Series of ramp-and-hold angular perturbations with fixed velocity but different ramp durat...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Ultrasound Probe and Needle-Guide Calibration for Robotic Ultrasound Scanning and Needle Targeting
We report a calibration method for 2-D ultrasound probes using robotic manipulation and a planar calibration rig. Moreover, a needle guide that is attached to the probe is also calibrated for ultrasound-guided needle targeting. The method is applied to a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) probe for robot-assisted prostate biopsy. Validation experiments include TRUS-guided needle targeting accuracy tests. This paper outlines the entire process from the calibration to image-guided targeting. Freehand TRUS-guided prostate biopsy is the primary method of diagnosing prostate cancer, with over 1.2 million procedures performed annuall...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

An Approach to Rapid Calculation of Temperature Change in Tissue Using Spatial Filters to Approximate Effects of Thermal Conduction
We present an approach to performing rapid calculations of temperature within tissue by interleaving, at regular time intervals, 1) an analytical solution to the Pennes (or other desired) bioheat equation excluding the term for thermal conduction and 2) application of a spatial filter to approximate the effects of thermal conduction. Here, the basic approach is presented with attention to filter design. The method is applied to a few different cases relevant to magnetic resonance imaging, and results are compared to those from a full finite-difference (FD) implementation of the Pennes bioheat equation. It is seen that resu...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Visualization and Analysis of the Deforming Piglet Femur and Hip Following Experimentally Induced Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
Childhood avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head leads to its progressive deformation and compensatory changes of the adjacent acetabulum. To simulate this disease for laboratory study, we used an AVN model of the hip in a skeletally immature piglet. The 3-D visualization and analysis of this piglet’s deforming femur and hip form the basis for this paper. In particular, the data for this analysis were generated via serial CT images of bilateral femurs and acetabula of a piglet at regular time intervals following experimental unilateral induction of femoral head AVN. The contralateral femur and acetabulum serve...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Propulsion of a Spiral-Type Microrobot for Medical Use in Gastrointestinal Tract
In this paper, a spiral-type medical robot based on an endoscopic capsule was propelled in a fluidic and tubular environment using electromagnetic actuation. Both modeling and experimental methods have been employed to characterize the propulsion of the robotic capsule. The experiments were performed not only in a simulated environment (vinyl tube filled with silicone oil) but also in a real small intestine. The effects of the spiral parameters including lead, spiral height, the number of spirals, and cross section of the spirals on the propulsion efficiency of the robot are investigated. Based on the transmission efficien...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

ECG Signal Quality During Arrhythmia and Its Application to False Alarm Reduction
An automated algorithm to assess electrocardiogram (ECG) quality for both normal and abnormal rhythms is presented for false arrhythmia alarm suppression of intensive care unit (ICU) monitors. A particular focus is given to the quality assessment of a wide variety of arrhythmias. Data from three databases were used: the Physionet Challenge 2011 dataset, the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, and the MIMIC II database. The quality of more than 33 000 single-lead 10 s ECG segments were manually assessed and another 12 000 bad-quality single-lead ECG segments were generated using the Physionet noise stress test...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Development of Surrogate Spinal Cords for the Evaluation of Electrode Arrays Used in Intraspinal Implants
We report the development of a surrogate spinal cord for evaluating the mechanical suitability of electrode arrays for intraspinal implants. The mechanical and interfacial properties of candidate materials (including silicone elastomers and gelatin hydrogels) for the surrogate cord were tested. The elastic modulus was characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis, and compared with values of actual human spinal cords from the literature. Forces required to indent the surrogate cords to specified depths were measured to obtain values under static conditions. Importantly, to quantify surface properties in addition to mecha...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Noninvasive Biomagnetic Detection of Isolated Ischemic Bowel Segments
The slow wave activity was measured in the magnetoenterogram (MENG) of normal porcine subjects ( $N$ = 5) with segmental intestinal ischemia. The correlation changes in enteric slow wave activity were determined in MENG and serosal electromyograms (EMG). MENG recordings show significant changes in the frequency and power distribution of enteric slow-wave signals during segmental ischemia, and these changes agree with changes observed in the serosal EMG. There was a high degree of correlation between the frequency of the electrical activity recorded in MENG and in serosal EMG ($r = hbox{0.97}$). The percentage of pow...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

An Experimental Vestibular Neural Prosthesis: Design and Preliminary Results With Rhesus Monkeys Stimulated With Modulated Pulses
A vestibular neural prosthesis was designed on the basis of a cochlear implant for treatment of Meniere’s disease and other vestibular disorders. Computer control software was developed to generate patterned pulse stimuli for exploring optimal parameters to activate the vestibular nerve. Two rhesus monkeys were implanted with the prototype vestibular prosthesis and they were behaviorally evaluated post implantation surgery. Horizontal and vertical eye movement responses to patterned electrical pulse stimulations were collected on both monkeys. Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) and pulse rate modulated (PRM) trains wer...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Feature-Preserving Smoothing of Diffusion Weighted Images Using Nonstationarity Adaptive Filtering
Although promising for studying the microstructure of in vivo tissues, the performance and the potentiality of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging are hampered by the presence of high-level noise in diffusion weighted (DW) images. This paper proposes a novel smoothing approach, called the nonstationarity adaptive filtering, which estimates the intensity of a pixel by averaging intensities in its adaptive homogeneous neighborhood. The latter is determined according to five constraints and spatiodirectional nonstationarity measure maps. The proposed approach is compared with an anisotropic diffusion method used in DW...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

The Alpha Band of the Resting Electroencephalogram Under Pulsed and Continuous Radio Frequency Exposures
The effect of GSM-like electromagnetic fields with the resting electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha band activity was investigated in a double-blind cross-over experimental paradigm, testing the hypothesis that pulsed but not continuous radio frequency (RF) exposure would affect alpha activity, and the hypothesis that GSM-like pulsed low frequency fields would affect alpha. Seventy-two healthy volunteers attended a single recording session where the eyes open resting EEG activity was recorded. Four exposure intervals were presented (sham, pulsed modulated RF, continuous RF, and pulsed low frequency) in a counterbalanced order ...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A Fully Constrained Optimization Method for Time-Resolved Multispectral Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Data Unmixing
This paper presents a new unmixing methodology of multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (m-FLIM) data, in which the spectrum is defined as the combination of time-domain fluorescence decays at multiple emission wavelengths. The method is based on a quadratic constrained optimization (CO) algorithm that provides a closed-form solution under equality and inequality restrictions. In this paper, it is assumed that the time-resolved fluorescence spectrum profiles of the constituent components are linearly independent and known a priori. For comparison purposes, the standard least squares (LS) solution and two c...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Optimization of Mechanical Ventilator Settings for Pulmonary Disease States
The selection of mechanical ventilator settings that ensure adequate oxygenation and carbon dioxide clearance while minimizing the risk of ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) is a significant challenge for intensive-care clinicians. Current guidelines are largely based on previous experience combined with recommendations from a limited number of in vivo studies whose data are typically more applicable to populations than to individuals suffering from particular diseases of the lung. By combining validated computational models of pulmonary pathophysiology with global optimization algorithms, we generate in silico exper...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Ultrasound-Guided Characterization of Interstitial Ablated Tissue Using RF Time Series: Feasibility Study
This paper presents the results of a feasibility study to demonstrate the application of ultrasound RF time series imaging to accurately differentiate ablated and nonablated tissue. For 12 ex vivo and two in situ tissue samples, RF ultrasound signals are acquired prior to, and following, high-intensity ultrasound ablation. Spatial and temporal features of these signals are used to characterize ablated and nonablated tissue in a supervised-learning framework. In cross-validation evaluation, a subset of four features extracted from RF time series produce a classification accuracy of 84.5%, an area under ROC curve of 0...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Motion of the Kidney Between Preoperative and Intraoperative Positioning
For many laparoscopic surgical procedures, the preoperative images are taken with the patient in a different position than that in which the surgery is performed. The organ shift between positions can affect surgical image guidance, as the organ shifts can complicate image registration. In particular, for partial nephrectomy, the standard clinical approach requires supine preoperative computed tomography, while the surgery is performed in the flank position. We studied ten subjects in both supine and flank positions. Rigid registration was used to determine the relative motion of the kidneys, using the spine as a pose-inde...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A Reconfigurable Digital Filterbank for Hearing-Aid Systems With a Variety of Sound Wave Decomposition Plans
Current hearing-aid systems have fixed sound wave decomposition plans due to the use of fixed filterbanks, thus cannot provide enough flexibility for the compensation of different hearing impairment cases. In this paper, a reconfigurable filterbank that consists of a multiband-generation block and a subband-selection block is proposed. Different subbands can be produced according to the control parameters without changing the structure of the filterbank system. The use of interpolation, decimation, and frequency-response masking enables us to reduce the computational complexity by realizing the entire system with only thre...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Effects of Robotic Knee Exoskeleton on Human Energy Expenditure
A number of studies discuss the design and control of various exoskeleton mechanisms, yet relatively few address the effect on the energy expenditure of the user. In this paper, we discuss the effect of a performance augmenting exoskeleton on the metabolic cost of an able-bodied user/pilot during periodic squatting. We investigated whether an exoskeleton device will significantly reduce the metabolic cost and what is the influence of the chosen device control strategy. By measuring oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, heart rate, blood oxygenation, and muscle EMG during 5-min squatting series, at one squat every 2 ...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Development of a Wireless Sensor for the Measurement of Chicken Blood Flow Using the Laser Doppler Blood Flow Meter Technique
Here, we report the development of an integrated laser Doppler blood flow micrometer for chickens. This sensor weighs only 18 g and is one of the smallest-sized blood flow meters, with no wired line, these are features necessary for attaching the sensor to the chicken. The structure of the sensor chip consists of two silicon cavities with a photo diode and a laser diode, which was achieved using the microelectromechanical systems technique, resulting in its small size and significantly low power consumption. In addition, we introduced an intermittent measuring arrangement in the measuring system to reduce power cons...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

The Use of a Bone-Anchored Device as a Hard-Wired Conduit for Transmitting EMG Signals From Implanted Muscle Electrodes
The use of a bone-anchored device to transmit electrical signals from internalized muscle electrodes was studied in a sheep model. The bone-anchored device was used as a conduit for the passage of a wire connecting an internal epimysial electrode to an external signal-recording device. The bone-anchored device was inserted into an intact tibia and the electrode attached to the adjacent M. peroneus tertius. “Physiological” signals with low signal-to-noise ratios were successfully obtained over a 12-week period by walking the sheep on a treadmill. Reliable transmission of multiple muscle signals across the skin...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Fold-Preserving Electronic Cleansing Using a Reconstruction Model Integrating Material Fractions and Structural Responses
In this paper, we propose an electronic cleansing method using a novel reconstruction model for removing tagged materials (TMs) in computed tomography (CT) images. To address the partial volume (PV) and pseudoenhancement (PEH) effects concurrently, material fractions and structural responses are integrated into a single reconstruction model. In our approach, colonic components including air, TM, an interface layer between air and TM, and an interface layer between soft-tissue (ST) and TM (IL$_{rm ST/TM}$ ) are first segmented. For each voxel in IL$_{rm ST/TM}$, the material fractions of ST and TM are derived using a two-ma...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Denoising MRI Using Spectral Subtraction
Improving the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using denoising techniques could enhance their value, provided that signal statistics and image resolution are not compromised. Here, a new denoising method based on spectral subtraction of the measured noise power from each signal acquisition is presented. Spectral subtraction denoising (SSD) assumes no prior knowledge of the acquired signal and does not increase acquisition time. Whereas conventional denoising/filtering methods are compromised in parallel imaging by spatially dependent noise statistics, SSD is performed on signals acquired from...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research