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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.

Wideband Spectrum Sensing Based on Sub-Nyquist Sampling
In this paper, we consider the problem of locating multiple active spectrum subbands in a wide range of frequency bands. A major challenge associated with such wideband spectrum sensing is that it is either infeasible or too expensive to perform Nyquist sampling on the wideband signal. In this paper, we propose a sensing scheme based on a sub-Nyquist sampling method called multicoset sampling, which is similar to the polyphase implementation of the Nyquist sampling, but requires less A/D converters. In contrast to the traditional sub-Nquist approaches where the wideband signal is first reconstructed from the sub-Nyquist sa...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - May 23, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Linear MMSE-Optimal Turbo Equalization Using Context Trees
Formulations of the turbo equalization approach to iterative equalization and decoding vary greatly when channel knowledge is either partially or completely unknown. Maximum aposteriori probability (MAP) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) approaches leverage channel knowledge to make explicit use of soft information (priors over the transmitted data bits) in a manner that is distinctly nonlinear, appearing either in a trellis formulation (MAP) or inside an inverted matrix (MMSE). To date, nearly all adaptive turbo equalization methods either estimate the channel or use a direct adaptation equalizer in which estimates of ...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - May 23, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Robust MIMO Precoding for Several Classes of Channel Uncertainty
The full potential of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication systems relies on exploiting channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT), which is, however, often subject to some uncertainty. In this paper, following the worst-case robust philosophy, we consider a robust MIMO precoding design with deterministic imperfect CSIT, formulated as a maximin problem, to maximize the worst-case received signal-to-noise ratio or minimize the worst-case error probability. Given different types of imperfect CSIT in practice, a unified framework is lacking in the literature to tackle various channel uncertainty. In this pap...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - May 23, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A Binary Independent Component Analysis Approach to Tree Topology Inference
Using multicast probes to infer network topologies and internal link/node characteristics is an attractive approach due to its bandwidth efficiency and suitability for large-scale measurements. In this paper, we propose a new approach to tree topologies inference by exploiting dependence among end-point receivers. We first show that under the assumption of independent failure of intermediate nodes or links, inferring tree topology is a special instance of the more general problem of binary independent component analysis (bICA), and thus is amiable to existing analytical results and algorithms for bICA. Then, we propose the...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - May 23, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Pruned Bit-Reversal Permutations: Mathematical Characterization, Fast Algorithms and Architectures
A mathematical characterization of serially pruned permutations (SPPs) employed in variable-length permuters and their associated fast pruning algorithms and architectures are proposed. Permuters are used in many signal processing systems for shuffling data and in communication systems as an adjunct to coding for error correction. Typically, only a small set of discrete permuter lengths are supported. Serial pruning is a simple technique to alter the length of a permutation to support a wider range of lengths, but results in a serial processing bottleneck. In this paper, parallelizing SPPs is formulated in terms of recursi...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - May 23, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

[Front cover]
Presents the cover/table of contents for this issue of the periodical. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A Variational Surface Deformation and Subdivision-Based Modeling Framework for Noisy and Small $n$-Furcated Tube-Like Structures
It is challenging to construct an accurate and smooth mesh for noisy and small $n$-furcated tube-like structures, such as arteries, veins, and pathological vessels, due to tiny vessel size, noise, $n$ -furcations, and irregular shapes of pathological vessels. We propose a framework by dividing the modeling process into mesh construction and mesh refinement. In the first step, we focus on mesh topological correctness, and just create an initial rough mesh for the $n$-furcated tube-like structures. In the second step, we propose a variational surface deformation method to push the initial mesh to structure boundaries for pos...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Improvement of classification accuracy in a phase-tagged steady-state visual evoked potential-based brain computer interface using multiclass support vector machine
Conclusions: The multiclass SVM-based classification approach has been successfully implemented to improve the classification accuracy in a phase-tagged SSVEP-based BCI. The present study has shown the multiclass SVM can be effectively adapted to each subject's SSVEPs to discriminate SSVEP phase information from gazing at different gazed targets. (Source: BioMedical Engineering OnLine)
Source: BioMedical Engineering OnLine - May 21, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Chia-Lung YehPo-Lei LeeWei-Ming ChenChun-Yen ChangYu-Te WuGong-Yau Lan Source Type: research

Comparisons of maximum deformation and failure forces at the implant--abutment interface of titanium implants between titanium-alloy and zirconia abutments with two levels of marginal bone loss
Conclusions: Based on this experimental study, the maximum deformation and failure forces are lower for implants with a marginal bone loss of 3.0 mm than of 1.5 mm. Zirconia abutments can withstand physiological occlusal forces applied in the anterior region. (Source: BioMedical Engineering OnLine)
Source: BioMedical Engineering OnLine - May 20, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Chiung-Fang WangHeng-Li HuangDan-Jae LinYen-Wen ShenLih-Jyh FuhJui-Ting Hsu Source Type: research

Carrier Cooperation Can Reduce the Transmit Power in Parallel MIMO Broadcast Channels With Zero-Forcing
Even though parallel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channels are known to be separable from an information theoretic point of view, performing separate encoding and decoding on each of the parallel channels has been shown to be potentially suboptimal in broadcast channels with linear transceivers. In this paper, we show that suboptimality of such a carrier-noncooperative transmission also occurs in broadcast channels with zero-forcing and quality of service constraints if time-sharing is not allowed. The proof is given by constructing a minimal example and identifying a rate tuple that is achievable using ...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Unsupervised Nosologic Imaging for Glioma Diagnosis
In this letter a novel approach to create nosologic images of the brain using magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data in an unsupervised way is presented. Different tissue patterns are identified from the MRSI data using nonnegative matrix factorization and are then coded as different primary colors (i.e. red, green, and blue) in an RGB image, so that mixed tissue regions are automatically visualized as mixtures of primary colors. The approach is useful in assisting glioma diagnosis, where several tissue patterns such as normal, tumor, and necrotic tissue can be present in the same voxel/spectrum. Error-maps b...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Call for papers ISBI'14
(Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering information for authors
(Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Associate Editors
(Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Reduction of the Linear Reflex Gain Explained From the M1–M2 Refractory Period
Linear system identification methods combined with neuromechanical modeling enable the quantification of reflex gains from recorded joint angular perturbation, torque, and/or electromyography (EMG). However, the stretch reflex response as recorded by EMG consists of multiple consecutive activation volleys (M1 and M2 responses) separated by a period of reduced activity and is nonlinearly related to joint perturbation. The goal of this study is to assess to what extent linear assumptions hold when quantifying these reflexive responses. Series of ramp-and-hold angular perturbations with fixed velocity but different ramp durat...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Ultrasound Probe and Needle-Guide Calibration for Robotic Ultrasound Scanning and Needle Targeting
We report a calibration method for 2-D ultrasound probes using robotic manipulation and a planar calibration rig. Moreover, a needle guide that is attached to the probe is also calibrated for ultrasound-guided needle targeting. The method is applied to a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) probe for robot-assisted prostate biopsy. Validation experiments include TRUS-guided needle targeting accuracy tests. This paper outlines the entire process from the calibration to image-guided targeting. Freehand TRUS-guided prostate biopsy is the primary method of diagnosing prostate cancer, with over 1.2 million procedures performed annuall...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

An Approach to Rapid Calculation of Temperature Change in Tissue Using Spatial Filters to Approximate Effects of Thermal Conduction
We present an approach to performing rapid calculations of temperature within tissue by interleaving, at regular time intervals, 1) an analytical solution to the Pennes (or other desired) bioheat equation excluding the term for thermal conduction and 2) application of a spatial filter to approximate the effects of thermal conduction. Here, the basic approach is presented with attention to filter design. The method is applied to a few different cases relevant to magnetic resonance imaging, and results are compared to those from a full finite-difference (FD) implementation of the Pennes bioheat equation. It is seen that resu...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Visualization and Analysis of the Deforming Piglet Femur and Hip Following Experimentally Induced Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
Childhood avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head leads to its progressive deformation and compensatory changes of the adjacent acetabulum. To simulate this disease for laboratory study, we used an AVN model of the hip in a skeletally immature piglet. The 3-D visualization and analysis of this piglet’s deforming femur and hip form the basis for this paper. In particular, the data for this analysis were generated via serial CT images of bilateral femurs and acetabula of a piglet at regular time intervals following experimental unilateral induction of femoral head AVN. The contralateral femur and acetabulum serve...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Propulsion of a Spiral-Type Microrobot for Medical Use in Gastrointestinal Tract
In this paper, a spiral-type medical robot based on an endoscopic capsule was propelled in a fluidic and tubular environment using electromagnetic actuation. Both modeling and experimental methods have been employed to characterize the propulsion of the robotic capsule. The experiments were performed not only in a simulated environment (vinyl tube filled with silicone oil) but also in a real small intestine. The effects of the spiral parameters including lead, spiral height, the number of spirals, and cross section of the spirals on the propulsion efficiency of the robot are investigated. Based on the transmission efficien...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

ECG Signal Quality During Arrhythmia and Its Application to False Alarm Reduction
An automated algorithm to assess electrocardiogram (ECG) quality for both normal and abnormal rhythms is presented for false arrhythmia alarm suppression of intensive care unit (ICU) monitors. A particular focus is given to the quality assessment of a wide variety of arrhythmias. Data from three databases were used: the Physionet Challenge 2011 dataset, the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, and the MIMIC II database. The quality of more than 33 000 single-lead 10 s ECG segments were manually assessed and another 12 000 bad-quality single-lead ECG segments were generated using the Physionet noise stress test...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Development of Surrogate Spinal Cords for the Evaluation of Electrode Arrays Used in Intraspinal Implants
We report the development of a surrogate spinal cord for evaluating the mechanical suitability of electrode arrays for intraspinal implants. The mechanical and interfacial properties of candidate materials (including silicone elastomers and gelatin hydrogels) for the surrogate cord were tested. The elastic modulus was characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis, and compared with values of actual human spinal cords from the literature. Forces required to indent the surrogate cords to specified depths were measured to obtain values under static conditions. Importantly, to quantify surface properties in addition to mecha...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Noninvasive Biomagnetic Detection of Isolated Ischemic Bowel Segments
The slow wave activity was measured in the magnetoenterogram (MENG) of normal porcine subjects ( $N$ = 5) with segmental intestinal ischemia. The correlation changes in enteric slow wave activity were determined in MENG and serosal electromyograms (EMG). MENG recordings show significant changes in the frequency and power distribution of enteric slow-wave signals during segmental ischemia, and these changes agree with changes observed in the serosal EMG. There was a high degree of correlation between the frequency of the electrical activity recorded in MENG and in serosal EMG ($r = hbox{0.97}$). The percentage of pow...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

An Experimental Vestibular Neural Prosthesis: Design and Preliminary Results With Rhesus Monkeys Stimulated With Modulated Pulses
A vestibular neural prosthesis was designed on the basis of a cochlear implant for treatment of Meniere’s disease and other vestibular disorders. Computer control software was developed to generate patterned pulse stimuli for exploring optimal parameters to activate the vestibular nerve. Two rhesus monkeys were implanted with the prototype vestibular prosthesis and they were behaviorally evaluated post implantation surgery. Horizontal and vertical eye movement responses to patterned electrical pulse stimulations were collected on both monkeys. Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) and pulse rate modulated (PRM) trains wer...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Feature-Preserving Smoothing of Diffusion Weighted Images Using Nonstationarity Adaptive Filtering
Although promising for studying the microstructure of in vivo tissues, the performance and the potentiality of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging are hampered by the presence of high-level noise in diffusion weighted (DW) images. This paper proposes a novel smoothing approach, called the nonstationarity adaptive filtering, which estimates the intensity of a pixel by averaging intensities in its adaptive homogeneous neighborhood. The latter is determined according to five constraints and spatiodirectional nonstationarity measure maps. The proposed approach is compared with an anisotropic diffusion method used in DW...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

The Alpha Band of the Resting Electroencephalogram Under Pulsed and Continuous Radio Frequency Exposures
The effect of GSM-like electromagnetic fields with the resting electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha band activity was investigated in a double-blind cross-over experimental paradigm, testing the hypothesis that pulsed but not continuous radio frequency (RF) exposure would affect alpha activity, and the hypothesis that GSM-like pulsed low frequency fields would affect alpha. Seventy-two healthy volunteers attended a single recording session where the eyes open resting EEG activity was recorded. Four exposure intervals were presented (sham, pulsed modulated RF, continuous RF, and pulsed low frequency) in a counterbalanced order ...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A Fully Constrained Optimization Method for Time-Resolved Multispectral Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Data Unmixing
This paper presents a new unmixing methodology of multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (m-FLIM) data, in which the spectrum is defined as the combination of time-domain fluorescence decays at multiple emission wavelengths. The method is based on a quadratic constrained optimization (CO) algorithm that provides a closed-form solution under equality and inequality restrictions. In this paper, it is assumed that the time-resolved fluorescence spectrum profiles of the constituent components are linearly independent and known a priori. For comparison purposes, the standard least squares (LS) solution and two c...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Optimization of Mechanical Ventilator Settings for Pulmonary Disease States
The selection of mechanical ventilator settings that ensure adequate oxygenation and carbon dioxide clearance while minimizing the risk of ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) is a significant challenge for intensive-care clinicians. Current guidelines are largely based on previous experience combined with recommendations from a limited number of in vivo studies whose data are typically more applicable to populations than to individuals suffering from particular diseases of the lung. By combining validated computational models of pulmonary pathophysiology with global optimization algorithms, we generate in silico exper...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Ultrasound-Guided Characterization of Interstitial Ablated Tissue Using RF Time Series: Feasibility Study
This paper presents the results of a feasibility study to demonstrate the application of ultrasound RF time series imaging to accurately differentiate ablated and nonablated tissue. For 12 ex vivo and two in situ tissue samples, RF ultrasound signals are acquired prior to, and following, high-intensity ultrasound ablation. Spatial and temporal features of these signals are used to characterize ablated and nonablated tissue in a supervised-learning framework. In cross-validation evaluation, a subset of four features extracted from RF time series produce a classification accuracy of 84.5%, an area under ROC curve of 0...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research