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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 26.

Three-dimensional knee moments of ACL reconstructed and control subjects during gait, stair ascent, and stair descent
Abstract: Changes in knee mechanics following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have been implicated as a contributor to the development of premature osteoarthritis (OA). However, changes in ambulatory loading in this population have not been well documented. While the magnitude of the external knee moment vector is a major factor in loading at the knee, there is not a comprehensive understanding of the changes in the individual components of the vector following ACL reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to test for differences in the three components of the external knee moment during walking and st...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Michael E. Zabala, Julien Favre, Sean F. Scanlan, Joseph Donahue, Thomas P. Andriacchi Tags: Papers Source Type: research

Brachial artery waveforms for automatic blood pressure measurement
Abstract: Theoretically the auscultatory method using Korotkoff sounds is more related to the maximum artery closure status, while the oscillometric method is more related to the overall artery closure status under the cuff. Therefore, the latter is less accurate than the former. This work introduces a new method, which is more accurate than the oscillometric method and suitable for automatic devices. To monitor the maximum artery closure status, a piezoelectric film sensor is attached to the skin just above the brachial artery and under the central section of the cuff where maximum cuff pressure is transferred to the arm....
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: A.M. Al-Jumaily, H. Lan, N. Stergiopulos Tags: Papers Source Type: research

The influence of center-of-mass movements on the variation in the structure of human postural sway
Abstract: The present article investigates the influence of center-of-mass movements on the variation of the structure in human postural sway. Twelve healthy younger persons performed 60s quiet standing, 60s relaxed standing, and 10min relaxed standing on two force plates. Center-of-pressure (CoP) and gravitational line (GL) profiles were calculated from the ground reaction forces and moments. The temporal variation of CoP structure was calculated by the local scaling exponent ht and a Monte Carlo surrogate test was used to identify phase couplings between temporal scales. The range of variation of ht was significantly lar...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Espen A.F. Ihlen, Nina Skjæret, Beatrix Vereijken Tags: Papers Source Type: research

The modelling of blood coagulation using the quartz crystal microbalance
Abstract: Blood is a clinically-important analytical matrix that is routinely selected for disease monitoring. Having a clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in blood coagulation is a key consideration in haemostasis, with modern clinical practices requiring rapid, miniaturised and informative diagnostic platforms to reliably study changes in viscoelasticity (VE). Oscillatory transducers such as the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) have considerable potential in this area, provided that they present simple, linear rheometric readings which can be adequately analysed and interpreted. Hence, integrating QCM data ob...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Vitaly Efremov, Anthony J. Killard, Barry Byrne, Ramji S. Lakshmanan Tags: Review Source Type: research

Toe-in gait reduces the first peak knee adduction moment in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis
The objective of this study was to evaluate toe-in gait (decreased foot progression angle from baseline through internal foot rotation) as a means to reduce the first peak of the knee adduction moment in subjects with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Additionally, we examined whether the first peak in the knee adduction moment would cause a concomitant increase in the peak external knee flexion moment, which can eliminate reductions in the medial compartment force that result from lowering the knee adduction moment. We tested the following hypotheses: (a) toe-in gait reduces the first peak of the knee adduction mome...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Pete B. Shull, Rebecca Shultz, Amy Silder, Jason L. Dragoo, Thor F. Besier, Mark R. Cutkosky, Scott L. Delp Tags: Papers Source Type: research

Effect of estrogen deficiency on regional variation of a viscoelastic tissue property of bone
Abstract: Estrogen deficiency changes the regional distribution of tissue mineral density leading to alteration of the mechanical properties of bone at the tissue level. Direct measurement of the regional variation of elastic modulus and viscosity, which is the capacity to resist time-dependent viscoelastic deformation, will aid in our understanding of how estrogen deficiency alters bone quality. It was observed that, compared to bone from other anatomical sites, the jaw bone is less sensitive to estrogen deficiency. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of estrogen deficiency on (1) the regional vari...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Do-Gyoon Kim, Sarandeep S. Huja, Anand Navalgund, Andrew D’Atri, BoonChing Tee, Sarah Reeder, Hye Ri Lee Tags: Papers Source Type: research

Biaxial and failure properties of passive rat middle cerebral arteries
Abstract: Rodents are commonly used as test subjects in research on traumatic brain injury and stroke. However, study of rat cerebral vessel properties has largely been limited to pressure–diameter response within the physiological loading range. A more complete, multiaxial description is needed to guide experiments on rats and rat vessels and to appropriately translate findings to humans. Accordingly, we dissected twelve rat middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) and subjected them to combined inflation and axial stretch tests around physiological loading conditions while in a passive state. The MCAs were finally stretched axi...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: E. David Bell, Rahul S. Kunjir, Kenneth L. Monson Tags: Papers Source Type: research

Center of mass trajectory and orientation to ankle and knee in sagittal plane is maintained with forward lean when backpack load changes during treadmill walking
Abstract: Maintaining the normal shape and amplitude of the vertical trajectory of the center of mass (COM) during stance has been shown to maximize the efficiency of unloaded gait. Kinematic adaptations to load carriage, such as forward lean have yet to be understood in relation to COM movement. The purpose of this study is to better understand how load impacts the vertical COMTSYS trajectory and to clarify the impact of forward lean as it relates to the dynamics of sagittal plane COMTSYS movement during stance with changing load. 17 subjects walked on treadmill at a constant preferred walking velocity while nine differen...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Robert R. Caron, Robert C. Wagenaar, Cara L. Lewis, Elliot Saltzman, Kenneth G. Holt Tags: Papers Source Type: research

Effects of aging-related losses in strength on the ability to recover from a backward balance loss
This study therefore investigated the effect of aging-related losses in strength on the ability to restore static balance following a recovery step from a backward balance loss. A six-link, sagittal-plane musculoskeletal model with 10 Hill-type musculotendon actuators was developed to simulate the strength characteristics and balance recovery motions of young and older adults. Using this model, feasible regions for balance recovery were mapped for each age group for “slow” and “fast” initial conditions of backward and downward velocity. For both conditions, there was considerable overlap between the feasible region...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Norio Kadono, Michael J. Pavol Tags: Papers Source Type: research

Blue-green algae or cyanobacteria in the intestinal micro-flora may produce neurotoxins such as Beta-N-Methylamino-l-Alanine (BMAA) which may be related to development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson-Dementia-Complex in humans and Equine Motor Neuron Disease in Horses
Blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria (CB) are the source of Beta-N-Methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), a neurotoxin found in the brains of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer Disease (AD), and Parkinson-Dementia-Complex (PDC) .
Source: Medical Hypotheses - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Steven R. Brenner Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Atrial remodeling: New pathophysiological mechanism of atrial fibrillation
Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained arrhythmia associated with substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with stroke being the most critical complication. Most frequently, AF occurs in conjunction with other cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, valve disease or cardiac failure. Role of atrial remodeling has emerged as the new pathophysiological mechanism of atrial fibrillation. Experimental and clinical studies point at two major mechanisms involved in the intrinsically progressive nature of AF. The first consists of a change in the electrical properties o...
Source: Medical Hypotheses - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yanmin Xu, Deepak Sharma, Guangping Li, Yuzhi Liu Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Regulation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and apoptosis in estrogen-receptor positive and negative breast cancer cells by conjugated linoleic acids
Conclusions: The data suggest a differential effect of CLAs on SREBP-1c and FAS in estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) compared to estrogen receptor-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells.
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: H.-J. Song, A.A. Sneddon, S.D. Heys, K.W.J. Wahle Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Prisons: the psychiatric institution of last resort?
Accessible summary Throughout recorded history, the mentally ill have been living at the fringes of society, frequently alienated, treated inhumanely, and made as scapegoats for the prevailing societal ills. Australia has seen the number of public psychiatric hospital beds fall from 30 000 in the early 1960's to 8000 as of 2006. The Australian population has more than doubled since this time, such phenomena is mirrored in the UK and the USA. As of June 2011, there were 28 964 individuals detained in Australian prisons, this represents a figure close to 70% higher than in comparison to the figure reported in 1996. However...
Source: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing - November 12, 2012 Category: Nursing Authors: M. J. Huxter Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Preliminary evidence of different selection pressures on cancer cells as compared to normal tissues
Conclusions: These results provide preliminary evidence that the same genes may experience different selection pressures within normal and cancer tissues. Application of this technique could identify genes under unique selection pressure in cancer tissues and thereby indicate possible targets for therapeutic intervention.
Source: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Katie OvensChristopher Naugler Source Type: research

Cell mass and cell cycle dynamics of an asynchronous budding yeast population: Experimental observations, flow cytometry data analysis, and multi‐scale modeling
This study focuses on the experimental and mathematical description of the dynamics of cell size and cell cycle position distributions, of a population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in response to the substrate consumption observed during batch cultivation. The good agreement between the proposed multi‐scale model (a population balance model [PBM] coupled to an unstructured model) and experimental data (both the overall physiology and cell size and cell cycle distributions) indicates that a mechanistic model is a suitable tool for describing the microbial population dynamics in a bioreactor. This study therefore contribut...
Source: Biotechnology and Bioengineering - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Rita Lencastre Fernandes, Magnus Carlquist, Luisa Lundin, Anna‐Lena Heins, Abhishek Dutta, Søren J. Sørensen, Anker D. Jensen, Ingmar Nopens, Anna Eliasson Lantz, Krist V. Gernaey Tags: Article Source Type: research

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) for side‐stream treatment of anaerobic digester filtrate process performance and microbiology
Abstract A laboratory scale semi‐batch fed anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor was operated in the lab under two different feeding operations. In the first scenario, termed as phase I, the reactor was seeded and operated with NO2‐N added externally with the filtrate to the reactor in the ratio needed for the successful ANAMMOX. A second reactor was also initiated shortly after the start‐up of the ANAMMOX to accomplish partial nitrification (nitritation reactor) to generate NO2‐N. In phase II, the operation of the ANAMMOX reactor was switched to the mode in which case the partially nitrified effluent from ...
Source: Biotechnology and Bioengineering - November 12, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Shireen M. Kotay, Bryan L. Mansell, Mitch Hogsett, Huang Pei, Ramesh Goel Tags: Article Source Type: research

Prions and Diseases
Volume 2, Animals, Humans and the EnvironmentTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), now broadly known as prion diseases, have been recognized for nearly 300 years in animals and almost 100 years in humans. However, the nature of the transmissible agent had largely remained a mystery until Stanley Prusiner discovered the infectious isoform of the prion protein (PrP), named prion or scrapie PrP (PrPSc), in 1982. The subsequent ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 10, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Neurosciences Source Type: news

Transcription factor CREB is phosphorylated in human molar odontoblasts and cementoblasts in vivo
Abstract A wide variety of stimuli can trigger activation of the transcription factor CREB (cAMP-responsive element binding protein), pointing toward a central role for CREB in the integration of various signaling inputs. No data are available on the expression and phosphorylation of CREB in mammalian teeth. Using immunohistochemical analysis of free-floating sections, we show here that CREB was strongly expressed and phosphorylated at Ser-133 within the nucleus of a subpopulation of adult human molar odontoblasts. Many dental pulp stromal cells and periodontal ligament fibroblasts expressed CREB and showed ...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - November 10, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Histochemistry and Cell Biology Source Type: research

Kinsenoside prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss and suppresses osteoclastogenesis by regulating classical NF-κB pathways
Conclusions Kinsenoside inhibits osteoclastogenesis from macrophages by attenuating RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFATc1 activities, which in turn, prevents bone loss from OVX mice. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-14DOI 10.1007/s00198-012-2199-zAuthors H.-B. Hsiao, Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, TaiwanH. Lin, Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, TaiwanJ.-B. Wu, Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanW.-C. Lin, School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of ...
Source: Osteoporosis International - November 10, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Osteoporosis International Source Type: research

Evaluation of low-level laser therapy effectiveness on the pain and masticatory performance of patients with myofascial pain
This study investigated the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the masticatory performance (MP), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and pain intensity in patients with myofascial pain. Twenty-one subjects, with myofascial pain according to Research Diagnostic Criteria/temporomandibular dysfunction, were divided into laser group (n = 12) and placebo group (n = 9) to receive laser therapy (active or placebo) two times per week for 4 weeks. The measured variables were: (1) MP by analysis of the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the chewed particles using Optocal test material, (2) PPT by a pressure algomet...
Source: Lasers in Medical Science - November 10, 2012 Category: Laser Surgery Tags: Lasers in Medical Science Source Type: research

Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance
Progress and ProspectsThis comprehensive book on breast cancer brings together some of the leading experts in an attempt to better understand breast cancer disease, the factors that make it lethal and current research progress, integrating both basic research with clinical implications. This volume covers the following core issues: i) heterogeneity in breast cancer – statistics, epidemiology, breast cancer ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 10, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Cancer Research Source Type: news

Rapid prediction of multi-dimensional NMR data sets.
We present a computational environment for Fast Analysis of multidimensional NMR DAta Sets (FANDAS) that allows assembling multidimensional data sets from a variety of input parameters and facilitates comparing and modifying such "in silico" data sets during the various stages of the NMR data analysis. The input parameters can vary from (partial) NMR assignments directly obtained from experiments to values retrieved from in silico prediction programs. The resulting predicted data sets enable a rapid evaluation of sample labeling in light of spectral resolution and structural content, using standard NMR software such as Spa...
Source: Journal of Bimolecular NMR - November 10, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Gradmann S, Ader C, Heinrich I, Nand D, Dittmann M, Cukkemane A, van Dijk M, Bonvin AM, Engelhard M, Baldus M Tags: J Biomol NMR Source Type: research

A study on the influence of fast amide exchange on the accuracy of (15)N relaxation rate constants.
Abstract (15)N relaxation rates of amide moieties provide insight both into global as well as local backbone dynamics of peptides and proteins. As the differences in the relaxation rates in general are small, their accurate determination is of prime importance. One potential source of error is fast amide exchange. It is well known that in its presence the effects of saturation transfer and H/D exchange may result in erroneous apparent relaxation rates R (1) and R (2). Here, the extent of these errors is rigorously examined. Theoretical considerations reveal that even when saturation effects are absent...
Source: Journal of Bimolecular NMR - November 10, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jurt S, Zerbe O Tags: J Biomol NMR Source Type: research

A computational framework for investigating the positional stability of aortic endografts.
Abstract Endovascular aneurysm repair (Greenhalgh in N Engl J Med 362(20):1863-1871, 2010) techniques have revolutionized the treatment of thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm disease, greatly reducing the perioperative mortality and morbidity associated with open surgical repair techniques. However, EVAR is not free of important complications such as late device migration, endoleak formation and fracture of device components that may result in adverse events such as aneurysm enlargement, need for long-term imaging surveillance and secondary interventions or even death. These complications result from the device ...
Source: Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology - November 10, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Prasad A, Xiao N, Gong XY, Zarins CK, Figueroa CA Tags: Biomech Model Mechanobiol Source Type: research

Isolation of glioma cancer stem cells in relation to histological grades in glioma specimens
Conclusions This trend of stage-by-stage increase of gCSCs in gliomas showed statistical significance by chi-square test linear-by-linear association. We prove that the rates of existence of gCSCs increase proportionally as the WHO grades of gliomas rise. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s00381-012-1964-9Authors Byung Ho Kong, Department of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaNa-Ri Park, Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South...
Source: Child's Nervous System - November 9, 2012 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Child's Nervous System Source Type: research

Changes in the biological characteristics of glioma cancer stem cells after serial in vivo subtransplantation
Conclusions There were significant in vivo biological changes in gCSCs upon serial in vivo subtransplantation, which were shorter xenograft survival, increased angiogenesis, and decreased apoptosis. This study suggests that the repeated exposure to new microenvironments may affect the biological changes in gCSCs in vivo. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00381-012-1963-xAuthors Ga-Yeong Shin, Department of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South KoreaJin-Kyoung Shim, Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Coll...
Source: Child's Nervous System - November 9, 2012 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Child's Nervous System Source Type: research

The feasibility of halfcycle reconstruction in high heart rates in coronary CT angiography using 320-row CT
Abstract Our aim was to investigate when halfcycle reconstruction (HCR) was feasible in patients who were predicted to have a heart rate over 65 bpm in coronary CT angiography (CTA) using 320-row CT. Seventy-four patients who underwent multiple heart beat scanning were included. The time to reach 230 HU at the ascending aorta during the bolus tracking scan was recorded (T230). HCR image and multicycle reconstruction (MCR) image were reconstructed for each patient. Image quality for each coronary segment was rated on a 3-point scale (3: good, 1: poor). For each patient, we determined that a single be...
Source: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging - November 9, 2012 Category: Radiology Tags: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (formerly Cardiac Imaging) Source Type: research

Modern Molecular Biology:
Approaches for Unbiased Discovery in Cancer Researchseries:Applied Bioinformatics and Biostatistics in Cancer ResearchA convergence of advancements in molecular biology, engineering, computer science, biostatistics and other disciplines has made possible the development of technologies facilitating the massively parallel investigation of the complex biological phenomena driving cancer initiation and progression. Such technologies include DNA microarrays, next generation sequencing, proteomics technologies, ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Cancer Research Source Type: news

A genome-wide sib-pair linkage analysis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine
Abstract Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is a common musculoskeletal disease among people after middle age. The OPLL presents with serious neurological abnormalities due to compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots. The OPLL is caused by genetic and environment factors; however, its etiology and pathogenesis still remain to be elucidated. To determine the susceptibility loci for OPLL, we performed a genome-wide linkage study using 214 affected sib-pairs of Japanese. In stratification analyses for definite cervical OPLL, we found loci with suggestive linkage on 1p2...
Source: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism - November 9, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism Source Type: research

The Tumor Microenvironment
series:Cancer Drug Discovery and DevelopmentThe field of cancer biology and developmental therapeutics is continually evolving as new methodologies are developed and new targets are discovered. Although multiple therapeutics directly target the malignant cells these drugs rarely prevent recurrence of disease or the progression of metastasis. The complex biology of tumors presents challenges in designing treatments that will eliminate ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Cancer Research Source Type: news

CyberForensics
Understanding Information Security Investigationsseries:Springer’s Forensic Laboratory Science SeriesThis fascinating and highly topical subject has a history dating back to the secret world of 1970s Cold War espionage, when the US military and Central intelligence agencies, aided by the latest mainframe systems, were the first to use computer forensics techniques in counterintelligence. In the decades since, cybercrime has emerged from the obscurity of low-level prosecution evidence to ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Forensic Science Source Type: news

Cell Entry by Non-Enveloped Viruses
series:Current Topics in Microbiology and ImmunologyNon enveloped viruses constitute an important class of medically significant pathogens. They encode their proteins in single (ss) and double strand (ds) RNA and DNA genomes and display a variety of sizes and structures. In this volume experts in the field provide up to date descriptions of many characteristics associated with the ssRNA noda, picorna and calciviruses, the dsRNA reo and ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Virology Source Type: news

From Molecular to Modular Tumor Therapy:
Tumors are Reconstructible Communicatively Evolving Systemsseries:The Tumor MicroenvironmentThe traditional problem of the poor presentability as well as diagnostic and therapeutic practicability of individual patient care is still unresolved. The present book aims at leading the reader (cancer researchers, pharmacologists, biologists) away―in a scientifically accessible manner―from the daily conflicts between theory and practice and between the generalized and individual tumor ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Cancer Research Source Type: news

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH
Volume 3: Intramural Researchseries:Infectious Disease(There is no back cover text for this edition)
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Immunology Source Type: news

RNA Technologies and Their Applications
series:RNA TechnologiesRNA technologies are the driving forces of modern medicine and biotechnology. They combine the fields of biochemistry, chemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, physics, nanotechnology and bioinformatics. The combination of these topics is set to revolutionize the medicine of tomorrow. After more than 15 years of extensive research in the field of RNA technologies, the first therapeutics are ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Molecular Medicine Source Type: news

Cancer Immunotherapy
Paradigms, Practice and PromiseThis volume is a comprehensive discussion of the major factors affecting tumor immunology and a discussion of all major anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agents approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States and by European agencies. Many promising but unapproved agents in clinical trials are also discussed, as are key pre-clinical developments. The major challenges and ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Cancer Research Source Type: news

Role of the Transcriptome in Breast Cancer Prevention(Russo et al.)
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Cancer Research Source Type: news

Diverse Effects of Hypoxia on Tumor Progression
series:Current Topics in Microbiology and ImmunologySolid tumors frequently contain areas of oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) due to rapid cell proliferation and/or vascular insufficiency. The presence of hypoxic domains typically correlates with poor patient prognosis, due to the relative resistance of hypoxic cells to conventional cancer therapies and effects of O2 availability on disease progression. The response of malignant cells to hypoxia ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Cancer Research Source Type: news

The Renin-Angiotensin System: Current Research Progress in The Pancreas(Leung)
The RAS in the Pancreasseries:Advances in Experimental Medicine and BiologyThe human pancreas has vital roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and digestion and its dysfunction leads to pancreatic disease as diabetes and pancreatitis. Recent researches have highlighted the novel roles of a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pancreas and its clinical relevances; its inapprporiate activation leads to pancreatic endocrine and exocrine disease, notably ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Biomedicine (general) Source Type: news

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase in Health and Disease
Volume 1series:Current Topics in Microbiology and ImmunologyFrom humble beginnings over 25 years ago as a lipid kinase activity associated with certain oncoproteins, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) has been catapulted to the forefront of drug development in cancer, immunity and thrombosis, with the first clinical trials of PI3K pathway inhibitors now in progress. Here the authors give a brief overview of some key discoveries in the PI3K area and their ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Cancer Research Source Type: news

Low-level laser therapy improves crescentic glomerulonephritis in rats
Abstract Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can reduce inflammation in a variety of clinical conditions, including trauma, postherpetic neuralgia, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the effect of LLLT on internal organs has not been elucidated. The goal of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of daily external LLLT in an animal model of crescentic glomerulonephritis. Crescentic glomerulonephritis was induced in male Wister Kyoto rats by intravenous injection of antibody for glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The rats were irradiated with a low-reactive level diode laser with an infr...
Source: Lasers in Medical Science - November 9, 2012 Category: Laser Surgery Tags: Lasers in Medical Science Source Type: research

Physical properties and cellular responses to calcium phosphate coating produced by laser rapid forming on titanium
Abstract In order to improve the surface bioactivity of titanium implants, CaCO3 and CaHPO4·2H2O powder was used to fabricate a calcium phosphate (CaP) coating using laser rapid forming (LRF) technology. The surface characterization showed that a porous and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) layer with small amount of alpha-TCP was formed on commercial pure titanium (Ti). The bonding strength between the coating and the Ti substrate was above 40.17 MPa measured by the means of pull-off test. The elastic modulus and the average microhardness of the coating were 117.61 GPa and 431.2 HV0.1, respecti...
Source: Lasers in Medical Science - November 9, 2012 Category: Laser Surgery Tags: Lasers in Medical Science Source Type: research

Light-emitting diode photobiomodulation: effect on bone formation in orthopedically expanded suture in rats—early bone changes
Abstract The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate histomorphometrically the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation therapy (LPT) on bone formation in response to expansion of the interpremaxillary suture in rats. Twenty male, 50- to 60-day-old Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups (control and experimental). Both groups were subjected to expansion for 5 days, and 50 cN of force was applied to the maxillary incisors with helical spring. An OsseoPulse® LED device, 618-nm wavelength and 20-mW/cm2 output power irradiation, was applied to the interpremaxillary sutur...
Source: Lasers in Medical Science - November 9, 2012 Category: Laser Surgery Tags: Lasers in Medical Science Source Type: research

Influence of surface treatments and resin cement selection on bonding to zirconia
This study aimed to evaluate the surface changes caused in zirconia by different surface treatments and the influence of the surface treatment and cement selection on bonding to zirconia under aging. Sintered zirconia specimens were divided into five groups (n = 31) based on the surface treatment, namely, control, air abrasion, silica coating, laser and air abrasion + laser. After surface treatment, surface roughness and microscope analyses were performed on one specimen of each group. Composite cylinders were then bonded to conditioned ceramics using RelyX U100 (RXU), Clearfil Esthetic Cement (CEC) and Panavia F (...
Source: Lasers in Medical Science - November 9, 2012 Category: Laser Surgery Tags: Lasers in Medical Science Source Type: research

The ground reaction vector in walking passes always (almost) through the same point
In their recent paper “Mechanical interaction of centre of pressure and force direction in the upright human”, ) present a model to show that the direction of the ground reaction force vectors in walking always pass closely through a single point, the Point of Intersection (Π). This helps to explain experimental findings in walking human subjects (). Their derivation is quite specific for three postures. It can be shown that this finding is very generally valid for any movement, be it only approximately. A general expression for the position of the PI can also be given.
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: At L. Hof Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Generalization of treadmill-slip training to prevent a fall following a sudden (novel) slip in over-ground walking
Abstract: The purposes of the study were to determine (1) whether treadmill-slip training could reduce the likelihood of falls during a novel slip in over-ground walking, and (2) to what extent such (indirect) training would be comparable to (direct) over-ground-slip training. A treadmill-slip training group (Group A, n=17) initially experienced repeated perturbations on treadmill intended to simulate forward-slip in over-ground walking. Perturbation continued and its intensity reduced when necessary to ensure subjects' successful adaptation (i.e., when they could land their trailing foot ahead of the slipping foot in at l...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Feng Yang, Tanvi Bhatt, Yi-Chung Pai Tags: Papers Source Type: research

The folded and disordered domains of human Ribosomal Protein SA have both idiosyncratic and shared functions as membrane receptor.
Abstract The human Ribosomal Protein SA (RPSA or LamR1) belongs to the ribosome but is also a membrane receptor for laminin, growth factors, prion, pathogens and the anticarcinogen epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG). It contributes to the crossing of the blood-brain barrier by neurotropic viruses and bacteria, and is a biomarker of metastasis. RPSA includes an N-terminal domain, which is folded and homologous to the prokaryotic Ribosomal Proteins S2, and a C-terminal extension, which is intrinsically disordered and conserved in vertebrates. We used recombinant derivatives of RPSA and its N- and C-domains to quantify i...
Source: Bioscience Reports - November 9, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zidane N, Ould-Abeih MB, Petit-Topin I, Bedouelle H Tags: Biosci Rep Source Type: research