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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 35.

Genetic variation in members of the leukotrienes biosynthesis pathway confers risk of ischemic stroke in Eastern Han Chinese
This study was aimed to explore the association of genetic variation in members of the leukotrienes biosynthesis pathway as potential mediators with ischemic stroke (IS) risk in Eastern Han Chinese. A case-control study of was conducted with five selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In the single-locus analysis, carriers of C allele of rs730012 in LTC4S were more susceptible to IS (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02–1.60; P=0.033). Under the recessive genetic model, ALOX5 rs2029253 variant reduced IS risk (adjusted OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60–1.00; P=0.048) while LTA4H rs6538697 and LTC4S rs730012 variants increased (adjust...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - October 17, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Gannan Wang, Jinsong Zhang, Hao Sun, Weijuan Cao, Jing Zhang, Yao Wang, Hang Xiao Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Why are East Asians more susceptible to several infection-associated cancers (carcinomas of the nasopharynx, stomach, liver, adenocarcinoma of the lung, nasal NK/T-cell lymphomas)?
Abstract: There are at least five cancers with uniquely high incidence amongst East and Southeast Asian ethnic groups – namely nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); gastric carcinoma; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); adeno-carcinoma of the lung in female non-smokers and nasal NK/T-cell lymphomas. They all appear to be related to an infective cause (Epstein Barr Virus, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B virus). We hypothesize that a genetic bottleneck 30,000years ago at the Last Glacial Maximum could have resulted in unique genetic polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 8, making East Asians more vulnerable to these infective associa...
Source: Medical Hypotheses - October 17, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: J. Wee, W.L. Nei, K.W. Yeoh, R.M. Yeo, S.L. Loong, C.-N. Qian Tags: Articles Source Type: research

An analytical method for measuring α-amylase activity in starch-containing foods.
Abstract The quality of starch-containing foods may be significantly impaired by contamination with very small amounts of α-amylase, which can enzymatically hydrolyze the starch and cause viscosity loss. Thus, for quality control, it is necessary to have an analytical method that can measure low amylase activity. We developed a sensitive analytical method for measuring the activity of α-amylase (from Bacillus subtilis) in starch-containing foods. The method consists of six steps: (1) crude extraction of α-amylase by centrifugation and filtration; (2) α-amylase purification by desalting and anion-exchange chroma...
Source: Biomedical Chromatography : BMC - October 17, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Koyama K, Hirao T, Toriba A, Hayakawa K Tags: Biomed Chromatogr Source Type: research

Distinctive Frequencies of +874T/A IFN‐γ Gene Polymorphism in a Healthy Serbian Population
Conclusions: Analysis of genotype and allele frequencies for IFN‐γ+874T/A SNP in healthy subjects revealed, for the first time, the genetic profile for this polymorphism in a Serbian population resembling most European populations, but differing from some Asian and African ethnic groups. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume #: 1–3
Source: Clinical and Translational Science - October 17, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Dusan Popadic, Emina Savic, Zorica Spuran, Milos Markovic, Marija Mostarica Stojkovic, Zorica Ramic, Vera Pravica Source Type: research

The CTSA as an Exemplar Framework for Developing Multidisciplinary Translational Teams
Abstract Translational science requires that scientists from multiple disciplines work together to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human disease. Although a literature exists on the design and management of multidisciplinary teams, little has been written on multidisciplinary translational teams (MTTs). MTTs are distinct hybrid entities, with goals taken from both industry and academic models. We identified 30 design factors in 10 domains from a literature survey relevant to our MTT model: specific goals, structures, and processes. These dimensions were adapted to our own institutional environment in th...
Source: Clinical and Translational Science - October 17, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: William J. Calhoun, Kevin Wooten, Suresh Bhavnani, Karl E. Anderson, Jean Freeman, Allan R. Brasier Source Type: research

Nature online: October 17, 2012
DAXX envelops an H3.3-H4 dimer for H3.3-specific recognition Simon J. Elsässer, Hongda Huang, Peter W. Lewis, Jason W. Chin, C. David Allis and Dinshaw J. Patel
Source: The Rockefeller University Newswire - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: pubaff Tags: Research Update Source Type: news

The EMBO Journal 31: 4045-4056 (10-17-12)
The EMBO Journal 31: 4045-4056 The hSSB1 orthologue Obfc2b is essential for skeletogenesis but dispensable for the DNA damage response in vivo Niklas Feldhahn, Elisabetta Ferretti, Davide F Robbiani, Elsa Callen, Stephanie Deroubaix, Licia Selleri, Andre Nussenzweig and Michel C … More »
Source: The Rockefeller University Newswire - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: pubaff Tags: Research Update Source Type: news

Amazing IL-9: revealing a new function for an “old” cytokine
The incidence of melanoma — the most aggressive form of skin cancer — is dramatically increasing, while the development of innovative therapeutic strategies continues to be challenging, especially due to a lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying melanoma progression as well as antitumor immunity. In this issue of the JCI, Yong Lu and colleagues report a central role for Th9 cells in antitumor immunity.
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Edgar Schmitt, Tobias Bopp Source Type: research

Th9 cells promote antitumor immune responses in vivo
We examined the role of IL-9/Th9 in a model of pulmonary melanoma in mice. Lack of IL-9 enhanced tumor growth, while tumor-specific Th9 cell treatment promoted stronger antitumor responses in both prophylactic and therapeutic models. Th9 cells also elicited strong host antitumor CD8+ CTL responses by promoting Ccl20/Ccr6-dependent recruitment of DCs to the tumor tissues. Subsequent tumor antigen delivery to the draining LN resulted in CD8+ T cell priming. In agreement with this model, Ccr6 deficiency abrogated the Th9 cell–mediated antitumor response. Our data suggest a distinct role for tumor-specific Th9 cells in...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yong Lu, Sungyoul Hong, Haiyan Li, Jungsun Park, Bangxing Hong, Lijuan Wang, Yuhuan Zheng, Zhiqiang Liu, Jingda Xu, Jin He, Jing Yang, Jianfei Qian, Qing Yi Source Type: research

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and hypertension — a new paradigm?
Hypertension occurs in approximately 30% of individuals in Western populations and is known to be a major cause of stroke, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Despite this, the molecular etiology of hypertension remains poorly understood. In this issue of the JCI, Young et al. show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an essential signaling event for angiotensin II–induced hypertension in cells of the central nervous system. This provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms that drive hypertension and suggests a potential target for future therapy.
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Alyssa H. Hasty, David G. Harrison Source Type: research

ER stress in the brain subfornical organ mediates angiotensin-dependent hypertension
Although endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a pathologic mechanism in a variety of chronic diseases, it is unclear what role it plays in chronic hypertension (HTN). Dysregulation of brain mechanisms controlling arterial pressure is strongly implicated in HTN, particularly in models involving angiotensin II (Ang II). We tested the hypothesis that ER stress in the brain is causally linked to Ang II–dependent HTN. Chronic systemic infusion of low-dose Ang II in C57BL/6 mice induced slowly developing HTN, which was abolished by co-infusion of the ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) into the lateral ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Colin N. Young, Xian Cao, Mallikarjuna R. Guruju, Joseph P. Pierce, Donald A. Morgan, Gang Wang, Costantino Iadecola, Allyn L. Mark, Robin L. Davisson Source Type: research

Functional polycystin-1 dosage governs autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease severity
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations to PKD1 or PKD2, triggering progressive cystogenesis and typically leading to end-stage renal disease in midlife. The phenotypic spectrum, however, ranges from in utero onset to adequate renal function at old age. Recent patient data suggest that the disease is dosage dependent, where incompletely penetrant alleles influence disease severity. Here, we have developed a knockin mouse model matching a likely disease variant, PKD1 p.R3277C (RC), and have proved that its functionally hypomorphic nature modifies the ADPKD phenotype. While Pkd1+/null mice...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Katharina Hopp, Christopher J. Ward, Cynthia J. Hommerding, Samih H. Nasr, Han-Fang Tuan, Vladimir G. Gainullin, Sandro Rossetti, Vicente E. Torres, Peter C. Harris Source Type: research

TNF signaling drives myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation
TNF, an inflammatory cytokine that is enriched in the tumor microenvironment, promotes tumor growth and subverts innate immune responses to cancer cells. We previously reported that tumors implanted in TNF receptor–deficient (Tnfr–/–) mice are spontaneously rejected; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this rejection are unclear. Here we report that TNF signaling drives the peripheral accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs expand extensively during inflammation and tumor progression in mice and humans and can enhance tumor growth by repressing T cell–mediate...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Xueqiang Zhao, Lijie Rong, Xiaopu Zhao, Xiao Li, Xiaoman Liu, Jingjing Deng, Hao Wu, Xia Xu, Ulrike Erben, Peihua Wu, Uta Syrbe, Joachim Sieper, Zhihai Qin Source Type: research

Leptin regulates glutamate and glucose transporters in hypothalamic astrocytes
Glial cells perform critical functions that alter the metabolism and activity of neurons, and there is increasing interest in their role in appetite and energy balance. Leptin, a key regulator of appetite and metabolism, has previously been reported to influence glial structural proteins and morphology. Here, we demonstrate that metabolic status and leptin also modify astrocyte-specific glutamate and glucose transporters, indicating that metabolic signals influence synaptic efficacy and glucose uptake and, ultimately, neuronal function. We found that basal and glucose-stimulated electrical activity of hypothalamic proopiom...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Esther Fuente-Martín, Cristina García-Cáceres, Miriam Granado, María L. de Ceballos, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Garrido, Beatrix Sarman, Zhong-Wu Liu, Marcelo O. Dietrich, Manuel Tena-Sempere, Pilar Argente-Ariz&# Source Type: research

Tpl2 regulates intestinal myofibroblast HGF release to suppress colitis-associated tumorigenesis
In this study we addressed the role of Tpl2 in CAC using complete and tissue-specific ablation of Tpl2 in mutant mice. Tpl2-deficient mice did not exhibit significant differences in inflammatory burdens following azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) administration compared with wild-type mice; however, the mutant mice developed significantly increased numbers and sizes of tumors, associated with enhanced epithelial proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Cell-specific ablation of Tpl2 in IMFs, but not in intestinal epithelial or myeloid cells, conferred a similar susceptibility to adenocarcinoma formation. Tpl2-d...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Vasiliki Koliaraki, Manolis Roulis, George Kollias Source Type: research

Psoriasiform dermatitis is driven by IL-36-mediated DC-keratinocyte crosstalk
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin affecting approximately 2% of the world’s population. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the IL-23/IL-17/IL-22 pathway is key for development of skin immunopathology. However, the role of keratinocytes and their crosstalk with immune cells at the onset of disease remains poorly understood. Here, we show that IL-36R–deficient (Il36r–/–) mice were protected from imiquimod-induced expansion of dermal IL-17–producing γδ T cells and psoriasiform dermatitis. Furthermore, IL-36R antagonist-deficient (Il36rnȁ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Luigi Tortola, Esther Rosenwald, Brian Abel, Hal Blumberg, Matthias Schäfer, Anthony J. Coyle, Jean-Christoph Renauld, Sabine Werner, Jan Kisielow, Manfred Kopf Source Type: research

Scavenger receptors target glycolipids for natural killer T cell activation
NKT cells are innate-like T cells with powerful regulatory functions that are a promising target for immunotherapy. The efficacy of glycolipids, such as the prototypic NKT cell antagonist α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), is currently being evaluated in clinical trials, but little is known about factors that target lipid antigens for CD1d presentation and NKT cell activation in vivo. Lipid uptake via the LDL receptor (LDLR) has been shown for digalactosylceramide; however, whether this pathway contributes to CD1d presentation of other important NKT cell agonists remains unclear. We therefore investigated rece...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Stefan Freigang, Elise Landais, Victoria Zadorozhny, Lisa Kain, Kenji Yoshida, Yang Liu, Shenglou Deng, Wulf Palinski, Paul B. Savage, Albert Bendelac, Luc Teyton Source Type: research

mTOR Pathway and mTOR Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy
series:Cancer Drug Discovery and DevelopmentmTOR Pathway and mTOR Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy provides an up-to-date survey of the rapidly advancing field of cancer therapy. Our understanding of the mechanisms involved in cancer genesis and progression underwent unprecedented expansion during the last decade, opening a new era of cancer treatment – targeted therapy. The surge in this area results in no small part from studies conducted ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Cancer Research Source Type: news

Depth-dependent anisotropy of the micromechanical properties of the extracellular and pericellular matrices of articular cartilage evaluated via atomic force microscopy
Abstract: The extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage is structurally and mechanically inhomogeneous and anisotropic, exhibiting variations in composition, collagen fiber architecture, and pericellular matrix (PCM) morphology among the different zones (superficial, middle, and deep). Joint loading exposes chondrocytes to a complex biomechanical environment, as the microscale mechanical environment of the chondrocyte depends on the relative properties of its PCM and local ECM. ECM anisotropy and chondrocyte deformation are influenced by the split-line direction, the preferred collagen fiber orientation parallel to...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Morgan A. McLeod, Rebecca E. Wilusz, Farshid Guilak Tags: Papers Source Type: research

Realistic virtual intracranial stenting and computational fluid dynamics for treatment analysis
Abstract: In order to support the decisions of medical experts and to develop better stent designs, the availability of a simulation tool for virtual stenting would be extremely useful. An innovative virtual stenting technique is described in this work, which is directly applicable for complex patient-specific geometries. A basilar tip aneurysm provided for the Virtual Intracranial Stenting Challenge 2010 is considered to demonstrate the advantages of this approach. A free-form deformation is introduced for a wall-tight stent deployment. Numerical flow simulations on sufficiently fine computational meshes are performed for...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Gábor Janiga, Christian Rössl, Martin Skalej, Dominique Thévenin Tags: Papers Source Type: research

Anisotropy of bovine cortical bone tissue damage properties
This study compared the Young's modulus, the accumulated microdamage and local strains related to the failure process in these three anatomical directions. Cortical bone samples (≈360μm×360μm) were mechanically tested in three-point bending and concomitantly imaged to assess local strains using digital image correlation technique. The bone whitening effect was used to detect microdamage formation and propagation. No statistically significant difference was found between the Young's modulus of longitudinal (9.4±2.0GPa) and tangential (9.9±1.8GPa) bovine bone samples, as opposed to previous findings on human bone samp...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: M.E. Szabó, P.J. Thurner Tags: Papers Source Type: research

Auto-Descemet membrane endothelial keratopalsty (auto-DMEK)
Abstract: Corneal autotransplantation has been described for cases with partial corneal pathology as well as for high-risk corneal grafts. With lamellar surgeries taking the lead in the field of corneal transplantation, reattachment of detached DM is like an auto DMEK whereby the patient’s own partially damaged cornea is salvaged to provide viable vision. In case this procedure fails, an allograft DMEK graft should be the next treatment option in line.
Source: Medical Hypotheses - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Tushar Agarwal, Vishal Jhanji Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Setting clinical priorities: A framework for incorporating individual patient preferences
Priority-setting is among the most important of all clinical skills . When interacting with patients, a computer can list guidelines for appropriate treatment and screening. However, only a clinician – someone skilled in both medical knowledge and human understanding – can determine how the limited time for each patient visit is best spent, and when to use additional resources for diagnosis, patient education, or ancillary support. The essence of medicine is to synthesize clinical knowledge with individualized patient preferences to determine each patient's best path to improved health. Biomedical science has created a...
Source: Patient Education and Counseling - October 16, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Authors: David Dowdy, David Bishai, Alice Hm Chen Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

No effect of high-dose atorvastatin on leukotriene B4 formation from neutrophils in patients treated with coronary bypass surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded trial with a crossover design
Abstract: Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, (CVD) and leukotrienes may play a role in atherogenesis. Statins reduce mortality from CVD by reducing LDL cholesterol and potentially by other (pleiotropic) mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate if atorvastatin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing leukotriene B4 (LTB4) formation from stimulated neutrophils in patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting.The study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover study. Patients (n=80) were allocated to 80mg atorvastatin or placebo fo...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: C. Lysgaard, M.S. Nielsen, J.H. Christensen, S. Lundbye-Christensen, S. Riahi, E.B. Schmidt Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Is prediabetes risk factor for hair loss?
Abstract: In the recent hypothesis that hair loss might be a manifestation of metabolic abnormalities particularly hyperglicemia. It has been reported various environmental risk factors affecting hair loss. There is growing evidence on the relationship between prediabetes and worse metabolic profile. However, there are few studies about the association between hair loss, metabolic disorder and diabetes. Therefore patients that admitted the hospital with hair loss should be screened for diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. In these subjects prediabetes increasing cardiovascular disease risk and worse metabolic profile have to...
Source: Medical Hypotheses - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Evrim Cakir Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Albinism and disease causing pathogens in Tanzania: Are alleles that are associated with OCA2 being maintained by balancing selection?
Abstract: Oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2) is present at significantly higher frequencies in sub-Saharan African populations compared to populations in other regions of the world. In Tanzania and other sub-Saharan countries, most OCA2 is associated with a common 2.7kb deletion allele. Leprosy is also in high prevalence in sub-Saharan African populations. The infectious agent of leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, contains a gene, 38L, that is similar to OCA2. Hypopigmented patches of skin are early symptoms that present with infection of leprosy. In consideration of both the genetic similarity of OCA2 and the 38L gene of M...
Source: Medical Hypotheses - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Abbas M. Tuli, Robert K. Valenzuela, Erasmus Kamugisha, Murray H. Brilliant Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Non-melanoma skin cancer: The hygiene hypothesis
Abstract: Protection against ultra violet radiation-induced DNA-damage in the skin is not only provided by the pigmentary system. The epidermal barrier consisting of stratum corneum keratinocytes, filaggrin and other proteins is an additional component of the UV-shield. Disruption of the epidermal barrier through frequent body cleansing with soaps and cosmetics may increase the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer.
Source: Medical Hypotheses - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Enes Hajdarbegovic, Joris Verkouteren, Deepak Balak Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Identification of sites in apolipoprotein A-I susceptible to chymase and carboxypeptidase A digestion.
Abstract Mast cells (MCs) adversely affect atherosclerosis by promoting the progression of lesions and plaque destabilization. MC chymase cleaves apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). We previously showed that C-terminally truncated apoA-I (cleaved at the carboxyl side of Phe225) is present in normal human serum using a newly developed specific monoclonal antibody. In the present study, we aimed to identify chymase-induced cleavage sites in both lipid-free and lipid-bound (HDL3) forms of apoA-I. Lipid-free apoA-I was preferentially digested by chymase, at the C-t...
Source: Bioscience Reports - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Usami Y, Kobayashi Y, Kameda T, Miyazaki A, Matsuda K, Sugano M, Kawasaki K, Kurihara Y, Kasama T, Tozuka M Tags: Biosci Rep Source Type: research

Intake of food groups and idiopathic asthenozoospermia: a case-control study
This study was financially supported by the National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. No conflict of interests to declare.
Source: Human Reproduction - October 16, 2012 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Eslamian, G., Amirjannati, N., Rashidkhani, B., Sadeghi, M.-R., Hekmatdoost, A. Tags: Reproductive epidemiology Source Type: research

In the News: A ROUNDUP OF NEWS AND INFORMATION FROM OUR COMMUNITY
Source: Clinical and Translational Science - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Carrie Printz Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Source: Clinical and Translational Science - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

Table of Contents
Source: Clinical and Translational Science - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

Prelim
Source: Clinical and Translational Science - October 16, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

Varicella-zoster Virus
series:Current Topics in Microbiology and ImmunologyVaricella-zoster virus is a common human pathogen that causes varicella (chickenpox), establishes latency in sensory nerve ganglia and can reactivate many years later as herpes zoster. Although the VZV genome is the smallest of the human herpesviruses, VZV genes encode at least 70 proteins. Molecular epidemiologic approaches based on genomic sequencing have documented the global distribution ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - October 15, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Virology Source Type: news

The Chemokine System in Experimental and Clinical Hematology
series:Current Topics in Microbiology and ImmunologyThe aim of the issue is to describe and explain the importance of the chemokine system in hematology. As described in the introduction the chemokine system is probably important for many aspects of normal as well as malignant hematopoiesis. A major focus is the development and treatment of hematologic malignancies, including the immunobiology of stem cell transplantation.”The present reviews ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - October 15, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Cancer Research Source Type: news

Molecular Basis of Multiple Sclerosis
The Immune Systemseries:Results and Problems in Cell DifferentiationDespite major efforts by the scientific community over the years, our understanding of the pathogenesis or the mechanisms of injury of multiple sclerosis is still limited. Consequently, the current strategies for treatment and management of patients are limited in their efficacy. The mechanisms of tissue protection and repair are probably even less understood. One reason for these limitations ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - October 15, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Human Genetics Source Type: news

Galanin
series:Experientia SupplementumGalanin is a neuropeptide found both in the central and peripheral nervous system. The 29-amino acid peptide (named after its N-terminal glycine and C-terminal alanine) was identified in 1983 by its C-terminal amidation. This 'reverse' approach, that is to discover a substance through a distinct chemical feature, and only subsequently to characterize its biological activity, was novel and has ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - October 15, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Neurobiology Source Type: news

Gene-Based Therapies for Cancer
series:Current Cancer ResearchCancer gene therapy is a novel therapy that targets the underlying genetic defects in the cancer cell. Progress in this field has been rapid and gene therapy promises to further extend personalized cancer treatment. In this volume leading experts have contributed their experience in developing gene therapies for a variety of cancers. Translational gene therapy approaches are emphasized. ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - October 15, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Cancer Research Source Type: news

Analysis of Parallel Spike Trains
series:Springer Series in Computational NeuroscienceAction potentials, or spikes, are the most salient expression of neuronal processing in the active brain, and they are likely an important key to understanding the neuronal mechanisms of behavior. However, it is the group dynamics of large networks of neurons that is likely to underlie brain function, and this can only be appreciated if the action potentials from multiple individual nerve ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - October 15, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Neurosciences Source Type: news

Behavioral Neurobiology of Schizophrenia and Its Treatment
series:Current Topics in Behavioral NeurosciencesSchizophrenia research is in a dynamic state; this text gives a foothold for where we stand today, and a map for where our field may move tomorrow. Chapters on treatment describe major changes in clinical and neural targets, and new technologies for drug delivery, even as we struggle to address adverse effects of old treatments. The text next reviews advances in the experimental analysis of ...
Source: Springer Biomedical Sciences titles - October 15, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Neurosciences Source Type: news

Elaine Fuchs awarded distinguished medal from New York Academy of Medicine
Fuchs, head of the Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development at Rockefeller University, will be awarded the 2012 Academy Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Biomedical Science for her innovative and imaginative approaches to research in skin biology, its stem cells and its associated human genetic disorders. More »
Source: The Rockefeller University Newswire - October 15, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: pubaff Tags: Awards and Honors Elaine Fuchs new york academy of medicine Source Type: news

Thin core biopsy should help to discriminate thyroid nodules cytologically classified as indeterminate. A new sampling technique
In this study, a 21-G needle was inserted into the nodule, advanced within the lesion, and moved ahead reaching extranodular tissue. The resulting sample allowed to evaluate the cytomorphology of nodular tissue, its relationship with extranodular parenchyma, and the nodule’s capsule when present. All biopsies were adequate for diagnosis but one. Of the 39 adequate samples, 5 cases were papillary cancer as confirmed at histology, while 14 nodules avoided surgery because of Hürthle cell hyperplasia in thyroiditis (n = 6) and microfollicular adenomatous hyperplasia (n = 8). The remaining 20 cases we...
Source: Endocrine - October 15, 2012 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Endocrine Source Type: research

Relationship between optic disc ovality and horizontal disc tilt in normal young subjects
Conclusions Although the ovality index may be an indicator of stereoscopically obvious horizontal disc tilt, horizontal tilt is more closely related with myopia. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical InvestigationPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10384-012-0193-9Authors Hiroko Takasaki, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 JapanTomomi Higashide, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 JapanHisashi Tak...
Source: Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology - October 15, 2012 Category: Opthalmology Tags: Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology Source Type: research

In the News
Good Viruses Will Fight Acne as 1915 Discovery Is Revived “The research re-energizes a century-old treatment method that was abandoned with the rise of antibiotics during World War II. As germs have built up a resistance to those drugs … More »
Source: The Rockefeller University Newswire - October 15, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: pubaff Tags: In the News Source Type: news

Metabolic profile of glyburide in human liver microsomes using LC-DAD-Q-TRAP-MS/MS.
Abstract The sulfonylurea urea drug glyburide (glibenclamide) is widely used for the treatment of diabetes milletus and gestational diabetes. In previous studies monohydroxylated metabolites were identified and characterized for glyburide in different species, but the metabolite owing to the loss of cyclohexyl ring was identified only in mouse. Glyburide upon incubation with hepatic microsomes resulted in 10 metabolites for human. The current study identifies new metabolites of glyburide along with the hydroxylated metabolites that were reported earlier. The newly identified drug metabolites are dihydroxylated meta...
Source: Biomedical Chromatography : BMC - October 15, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ravindran S, Basu S, Gorti SK, Surve P, Sloka N Tags: Biomed Chromatogr Source Type: research

Oriented immobilized anti-hIgG via F(c) fragment-imprinted PHEMA cryogel for IgG purification.
In this study, F(c) fragment-imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogel (MIP) was prepared for the oriented immobilization of anti-hIgG for IgG purification from human plasma. Non-imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogel (NIP) was also prepared for random immobilization of anti-hIgG to compare the adsorption capacities of oriented (MIP/anti-hIgG) and random (NIP/anti-hIgG) cryogel columns. The amount of immobilized anti-hIgG was 19.8 mg/g for the NIP column and 23.7 mg/g for the MIP column. Although the amount of immobilized anti-hIgG was almost the same for the NIP and MIP columns, IgG adsorption capacity ...
Source: Biomedical Chromatography : BMC - October 15, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Bereli N, Ertürk G, Tümer MA, Say R, Denizli A Tags: Biomed Chromatogr Source Type: research

Stereospecific analytical method development and preliminary in vivo pharmacokinetic characterization of pinostrobin in the rat.
Abstract The complete pharmacokinetic disposition of the chiral flavonoid (±) pinostrobin remains unknown without the development of an analytical method of detection and quantitation of its individual enantiomers. Resolution of the enantiomers of pinostrobin was achieved using as simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method. A Chiralpak® AD-RH column was employed to perform baseline separation with UV detection at 287 nm. The standard curves were linear ranging from 0.5 to 100 µg/mL for each enantiomer. The limit of quantification was 0.5 µg/mL. Precision and accuracy of the assay was < 15% (...
Source: Biomedical Chromatography : BMC - October 15, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Sayre CL, Zhang Y, Martinez SE, Takemoto JK, Davies NM Tags: Biomed Chromatogr Source Type: research

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA online: October 15, 2012
Effects of long DNA folding and small RNA stem-loop in thermophoresis Yusuke T. Maeda, Tsvi Tlusty and Albert Libchaber
Source: The Rockefeller University Newswire - October 14, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: pubaff Tags: Research Update Source Type: news

Expression of flotillins in the human placenta: potential implications for placental transcytosis
Abstract A proteomics survey of human placental syncytiotrophoblast (ST) apical plasma membranes revealed peptides corresponding to flotillin-1 (FLOT1) and flotillin-2 (FLOT2). The flotillins belong to a class of lipid microdomain-associated integral membrane proteins that have been implicated in clathrin- and caveolar-independent endocytosis. In the present study, we characterized the expression of the flotillin proteins within the human placenta. FLOT1 and FLOT2 were coexpressed in placental lysates and BeWo human trophoblast cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy of first-trimester and term placentas reveal...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - October 14, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Histochemistry and Cell Biology Source Type: research

Quantification and validation of HPLC-UV and LC-MS assays for therapeutic drug monitoring of ertapenem in human plasma.
Abstract Rapid and simple HPLC-UV and LC-MS methods were developed and validated for the quantification of ertapenem (Invanz™) in human plasma. Ertapenem is a unique drug in that current dosing recommendations call for a 1 g dose for normal renal function patients, despite body weight. These assays, which involve a protein precipitation followed by liquid-liquid extraction, allow for fast therapeutic drug monitoring of ertapenem in patients, which is especially useful in special populations. Both methods were sufficient to baseline resolve meropenem (internal standard) and ertapenem, and were validated over 3�...
Source: Biomedical Chromatography : BMC - October 14, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Pickering M, Brown S Tags: Biomed Chromatogr Source Type: research