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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 37.

DURACLON (Clonidine Hydrochloride) Injection, Solution [Xanodyne Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]
Updated Date: May 13, 2013 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - May 13, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Tapentadol Analgesic Interaction with Clonidine
(Source: Pain Medicine)
Source: Pain Medicine - May 3, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Paula Sanders Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEtablet [Cardinal Health]
Updated Date: Apr 29, 2013 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - April 29, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Clonidine Normalizes Sensorimotor Gating Deficits in Patients With Schizophrenia on Stable Medication
Conclusions : This is the first study to show that even a single low dose of clonidine added to the medical treatment of patients with schizophrenia who are clinically stable on their antipsychotic medication not only significantly ameliorates their PPI deficits, but also normalizes them. The results have a potentially high clinical relevance for the medical treatment of schizophrenia. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - April 16, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Oranje, B., Glenthoj, B. Y. Tags: Article Source Type: research

Participation of Central Imidazoline Binding Sites in Antinociceptive Effect of Ethanol and Nicotine in Rats
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology)
Source: Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology - April 11, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Manish Manohar Aglawe, Brijesh Gulabrao Taksande, Sharvari Shambabu Kuldhariya, Chandrabhan Tukaram Chopde, Milind Janrao Umekar, Nandkishor Ramdas Kotagale Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Care with clonidine in atrial fibrillation
(Source: Anaesthesia)
Source: Anaesthesia - April 10, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: D. Pryor Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

α2A Adrenoceptor‐mediated presynaptic inhibition of GABAergic transmission in rat tuberomammillary nucleus neurons
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Journal of Neurochemistry)
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - April 9, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Michiko Nakamura, Kyungho Suk, Maan‐Gee Lee, Il‐Sung Jang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Typical Clinical Findings Should Prompt Investigation for Juvenile Huntington Disease
An 11-year-old boy presented for neurological evaluation with a 5-year history of global developmental regression, abnormal involuntary movements, and worsening behavioral problems. He was adopted at 14 months of age and there was limited prenatal or family history. In early childhood, he had appropriate gross motor, fine motor, and language development, but “shakiness” was noted by his adoptive parents. In first grade, he was able to ride a bicycle, participate in gym class, dress himself, use utensils, write in cursive, and read at grade level. Since that time, a slow regression of fine motor, gross motor, and langua...
Source: Pediatric Neurology - April 1, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Priya Monrad, Deborah L. Renaud Tags: Images in Child Neurology Source Type: research

Nicotine and clozapine cross‐prime the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system to induce long‐lasting potentiation in the rat hippocampus
Abstract A priming‐challenge schedule of nicotine treatment causes long‐lasting potentiation (LLP), a form of synaptic plasticity closely associated with the norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmitter system, at the medial perforant path (MPP)‐dentate gyrus (DG) synapse in the rat hippocampus. Previous reports revealed that nicotine activates the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic (NAergic) system and this mechanism may underlie its beta‐adrenoceptor sensitive LLP effects. Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is also known to activate the LC. Interactions between nicotine and clozapine are of interest because of the pre...
Source: Hippocampus - March 20, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Ramamoorthy Rajkumar, Sana Suri, Hong Min Deng, Gavin Stewart Dawe Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: Pharmacological principles and clinical practice
Abstract Strategies for assisting smoking cessation include behavioural counselling to enhance motivation and to support attempts to quit and pharmacological intervention to reduce nicotine reinforcement and withdrawal from nicotine. Three drugs are currently used as first‐line pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline. Compared to placebo, the drug effect varies from 2.27 (95% CI 2.02‐2.55) for varenicline, to 1.69 (95% CI 1.53‐1.85) for bupropion, and to 1.60 (95% CI 1.53‐1.68) for any form of nicotine replacement therapy. Despite some controversy regarding th...
Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology - March 15, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: H‐J Aubin, A Luquiens, I Berlin Tags: Review Source Type: research

Postoperative analgesia and discharge criteria for day surgery
Abstract: Day surgery has a major role in delivering high-quality care in the modern NHS of today. It has rapidly expanded in recent times. Economic benefits, reduced bed numbers, patient preference and modern minimally invasive surgical techniques are responsible for this. Provision of effective and long-lasting postoperative analgesia coupled with stringent discharge criteria are essential in order to run a successful day-surgery facility. A multi-modal approach to analgesia is most effective, incorporating paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anaesthesia and opioids if necessary. In patients with op...
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - March 1, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Yuet Meng Andy Ng, Andrew P. Vickers Tags: Day Surgery Source Type: research

Role of α2-adrenoceptors in electrical field stimulation-induced contraction of pig nasal mucosa and pharmacologic characterization of a novel α2C-adrenoceptor agonist.
CONCLUSION: (1) Neurogenic vasomotor contractility is largely regulated through an α-adrenergic mechanism; (2) pig nasal mucosa possesses post- and prejunctional α2-adrenoceptors; (3) the α2C-adrenoreceptor subtype does not seem to be involved; and (4) compound B is a novel, highly selective, and potent α2C-adrenoreceptor agonist. PMID: 23562194 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy)
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - March 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Corboz MR, Rivelli MA, Shah H, Boyce CW, McCormick KD, Chapman RW, Hunter JC Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEtablet [REMEDYREPACK INC. ]
Updated Date: Feb 28, 2013 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - February 28, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

A Common Finding in an Uncommon Location
Question: A 52-year-old man with a history of end-stage renal disease secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis status post renal transplant presented to the hospital with acute onset nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain. The gastroenterology consult team was asked to evaluate him for these symptoms. Home medication list was notable for ferrous sulfide, hydralazine, clonidine, amlodipine, and as needed lactulose for opiate-induced constipation. Previous esophagogastroduodenoscopy from 6 years prior was normal. Physical examination was notable for only mild abdominal distention and tenderness. Abdominal x-ray on admi...
Source: Gastroenterology - February 26, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Jonathan Congeni, Edward J. Levine Tags: Electronic Clinical Challenges and Images in GI Source Type: research

Evidence-based guideline update: Pharmacologic treatment for episodic migraine prevention in adults: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society
In the special article "Evidence-based guideline update: Pharmacologic treatment for episodic migraine prevention in adults: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society" by S.D. Silberstein et al. (Neurology 2012;78:1337–1345), there are errors in table 1 and the text on page 1342. Due to changes in the AAN’s LOE classification criteria, pindolol and clonidine should have been labeled as having Level U recommendations and nicardipine should have been listed as having a Level C recommendation. These changes are based on studies cited in the ...
Source: Neurology - February 25, 2013 Category: Neurology Tags: CORRECTIONS Source Type: research

Kapvay (Clonidine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets) - updated on RxList
(Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs)
Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs - February 22, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

The Effect of Adrenergic Modulation Treatment of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures (PNES): A Retrospective Chart Review (P03.120)
CONCLUSIONS: Adrenergic modulation of PNES associated with post-traumatic events showed a beneficial effect in reducing psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.Disclosure: Dr. Kale has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lardizabal has received personal compensation for the speakers bureau for UCB pharmaceutical and Cyberonics, Inc. Dr. Nimmana has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bahl has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aggarwal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sahota has nothing to disclose. (Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - February 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Kale, A., Lardizabal, D., Nimmana, B., Bahl, D., Aggarwal, A., Sahota, P. Tags: P03 Epilepsy: Resources, Quality Measures, and Epidemiology Source Type: research

CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEtablet [Med-Health Pharma, LLC]
Updated Date: Feb 8, 2013 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - February 8, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Baclofen/bupivacaine/clonidine/fentanyl withdrawal: Withdrawal symptoms, increased pain, agitation, nausea and shaking: case report
(Source: Reactions)
Source: Reactions - February 6, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

Non-Antidepressant Long-Term Treatment in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Discussion: Antipsychotics can be considered a reasonable alternative option to PTSD, with the largest body of evidence for risperidone, even though larger RCTs are warranted. Prazosin is also a promising agent, especially for sleep-related disturbances, while anticonvulsants and benzodiazepines lack empirical support. However, the most promising area for pharmacotherapy in PTSD is the modulation of the fear conditioning process, through agents used in adjunct to exposure therapy. PMID: 23438728 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Clinical Pharmacology)
Source: Current Clinical Pharmacology - February 4, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kerbage H, Richa S Tags: Curr Clin Pharmacol Source Type: research

Non-Antidepressant Pharmacologic Long-Term Treatment of Panic Disorder.
Conclusion: although most of the drugs tested were proven effective and well tolerated, the studies on the non-conventional agents are restricted to open-label trials and case reports. Further studies are required to establish their efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of panic disorder. PMID: 23438727 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Clinical Pharmacology)
Source: Current Clinical Pharmacology - February 4, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Chady I, Wadih N, Ramzi H Tags: Curr Clin Pharmacol Source Type: research

Effect of the addition of clonidine to locally administered bupivacaine on acute and chronic postmastectomy pain
Conclusions: The addition of clonidine to topical bupivacaine accentuated its early postoperative analgesic efficacy. (Source: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia - February 1, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Sahar Abdel-Baky Mohamed, Hala Saad Abdel-Ghaffar Tags: Original contributions Source Type: research

Pharmacological interventions for phantom limb pain.
CONCLUSIONS: Although there is lack of evidence-based consensus guidelines for the pharmacological management of phantom limb pain, we recommend tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentin, tramadol, opioids, local anaesthetics and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists as the rational options for the treatment of phantom limb pain. PMID: 23422122 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chinese Medical Journal)
Source: Chinese Medical Journal - February 1, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Fang J, Lian YH, Xie KJ, Cai SN Tags: Chin Med J (Engl) Source Type: research

Efficacy of clonidine in hyperammonemia induced hyperexcitability syndrome.
PMID: 23289776 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Anaesthesia)
Source: Paediatric Anaesthesia - January 30, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Calligaris L, Vidoni A, Bruno I, Vidoni M, Barbi E Tags: Paediatr Anaesth Source Type: research

Stereo-selective inhibition of spinal morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia by an ultra-low dose of the alpha-2-adrenoceptor antagonist efaroxan.
Abstract Ultra-low doses of alpha-2 (α(2)) adrenoceptor antagonists augment spinal morphine antinociception and inhibit tolerance, but the role of receptor specificity in these actions is unknown. We used the stereo-isomers of the α(2) adrenoceptor antagonist, efaroxan to evaluate the effect of receptor specificity on the induction of spinal morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia. Tail flick and paw pressure tests were first used to evaluate high dose efaroxan (12.6μg) and its stereo-isomers on clonidine analgesia in intrathecally catheterized rats. Ultra-low doses of individual (±) isomers (1.3ng) were then co-ad...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - January 29, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Milne B, Jhamandas K, Sutak M, Grenier P, Cahill CM Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEtablet [Actavis Elizabeth LLC]
Updated Date: Jan 28, 2013 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - January 28, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEtablet [Unichem Pharmaceuticals (USA), Inc.]
Updated Date: Jan 25, 2013 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - January 25, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

DURACLON (Clonidine Hydrochloride) Injection, Solution [Mylan Institutional LLC]
Updated Date: Jan 25, 2013 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - January 25, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Growth failure in children with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving imatinib is due to disruption of GH/IGF‐1 axis
ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that imatinib results in growth failure in children with CML by disturbing the GH:IGF‐1 axis. GH stimulation test and serum IGF‐1 levels should be performed in children on treatment with imatinib who have growth retardation. Future studies should evaluate the role of recombinant GH therapy for ameliorating the adverse effect on growth. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)
Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer - January 15, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Karthik R. Narayanan, Deepak Bansal, Rama Walia, Naresh Sachdeva, Anil Bhansali, Neelam Varma, R.K. Marwaha Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Streptozotocin-induced diabetes differentially affects sympathetic innervation and control of plantar metatarsal and mesenteric arteries in the rat
In humans neural control of arterial vessels supplying skin in the extremities is particularly vulnerable to the effects of diabetes. Here the streptozotocin (STZ) rat model of type 1 diabetes was used to compare effects on neurovascular function in plantar metatarsal arteries (PMAs), which supply blood to skin of hind paw digits, with those in mesenteric arteries (MAs). Twelve weeks after STZ (60 mg/kg ip), wire myography was used to assess vascular function. In PMAs, lumen dimensions were unchanged but both nerve-evoked contractions and sensitivity to α1 (phenylephrine, methoxamine)- and α2 (clonidine)-adreno...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johansen, N. J., Tripovic, D., Brock, J. A. Tags: VASCULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROCIRCULATION Source Type: research

Influence of drugs on the response characteristics of the LiDCO sensor: an in vitro study
Conclusions A number of drugs influenced the accuracy of the LiDCO sensor in vitro but, based on published pharmacokinetic data, only xylazine, ketamine, lidocaine, and rocuronium may cause biases at clinically relevant concentrations. These findings need to be confirmed in vivo. Relevant (>3 mV) changes in sensor voltages due to the presence of drugs may indicate possible interactions with the LiDCO sensor. (Source: British Journal of Anaesthesia)
Source: British Journal of Anaesthesia - January 14, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Ambrisko, T. D., Kabes, R., Moens, Y. Tags: Translational Research Source Type: research

CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEtablet [Unit Dose Services]
Updated Date: Jan 14, 2013 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - January 14, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE (Clonidine Hydrochloride ) Tablet [REMEDYREPACK INC. ]
Updated Date: Jan 11, 2013 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - January 11, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Adding Clonidine to Intrathecal Morphine in Postop PainAdding Clonidine to Intrathecal Morphine in Postop Pain
Should clonidine be given with morphine intrathecally for postoperative analgesia? British Journal of Anaesthesia (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - January 9, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Anesthesiology Journal Article Source Type: news

Arginine/clonidine: Self-limiting haematuria and asymptomatic hypotension in children: 3 case reports
(Source: Reactions)
Source: Reactions - January 8, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

Diencephalic Storms From Leptomeningeal Metastases and Leukoencephalopathy: A Rare and Clinically Important Complication.
We present 2 individuals exhibiting these sympathetic surges; one whose symptoms were controlled with phenobarbital and the other with clonidine and oxycodone. Palliative medicine physicians should be made aware of this unusual complication. PMID: 23298874 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care)
Source: The American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care - January 8, 2013 Category: Palliative Care Authors: Soriano A, Gutgsell TL, Davis MP Tags: Am J Hosp Palliat Care Source Type: research

Foodborne Illness Could Have Sinister Causes
Doctors should consider the intentional addition of medicine to food as a potential cause of foodborne disease outbreaks. The World Health Organization suggests possible sources of foodborne disease outbreaks are pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasitic worms, natural toxins, and chemicals, but not medicines. A 2010 foodborne disease outbreak in Beijing, China was a result of clonidine, a medication used to treat hypertension and ADHD, being intentionally added to lunch ingredients. Eighty travelers who had just finished lunch in a Beijing restaurant began to feel faint... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - January 4, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Primary Care / General Practice Source Type: news

Efficacy of clonidine in hyperammonemia induced hyperexcitability syndrome
(Source: Pediatric Anesthesia)
Source: Pediatric Anesthesia - January 3, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Lorenzo Calligaris, Annarita Vidoni, Irene Bruno, Michael Vidoni, Egidio Barbi Tags: CORRESPONDENCE Source Type: research

Steal induction in preschool children: is melatonin as good as clonidine? A prospective, randomized study
ConclusionsMelatonin was effective for steal induction in 75% of children compared to 88% of children who had clonidine. Melatonin resulted less effective when administered early in the morning. (Source: Pediatric Anesthesia)
Source: Pediatric Anesthesia - January 2, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Nicole Almenrader, Roberta Haiberger, Maurizio Passariello Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Steal induction in preschool children: is melatonin as good as clonidine? A prospective, randomized study.
CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin was effective for steal induction in 75% of children compared to 88% of children who had clonidine. Melatonin resulted less effective when administered early in the morning. PMID: 23281706 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Paediatric Anaesthesia)
Source: Paediatric Anaesthesia - January 2, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Almenrader N, Haiberger R, Passariello M Tags: Paediatr Anaesth Source Type: research

The dopamine beta‐hydroxylase inhibitor nepicastat increases dopamine release and potentiates psychostimulant‐induced dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex
Abstract The dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase inhibitor nepicastat has been shown to reproduce disulfiram ability to suppress the reinstatement of cocaine seeking after extinction in rats. To clarify its mechanism of action, we examined the effect of nepicastat, given alone or in association with cocaine or amphetamine, on catecholamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens, two key regions involved in the reinforcing and motivational effects of cocaine and in the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Nepicastat effect on catecholamines was evaluated by microdialysis in freely moving rats. Nepicastat r...
Source: Addiction Biology - January 1, 2013 Category: Addiction Authors: Paola Devoto, Giovanna Flore, Pierluigi Saba, Valentina Bini, Gian Luigi Gessa Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Spinal anesthesia for elective ceasarean section: use of different doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine associated with morphine and clonidine.
CONCLUSION: The addition of morphine and clonidine to low doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine produced adequate anesthesia for cesarean section and good postoperative analgesia, without any maternal and fetal repercussions. PMID: 23338110 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Cirurgica Brasileira)
Source: Acta Cirurgica Brasileira - January 1, 2013 Category: Surgery Authors: Braga Ade F, Frias JA, Braga FS, Pereira RI, Titotto SM Tags: Acta Cir Bras Source Type: research

Alpha1A-Adrenergic Regulation of Inhibition in the Olfactory Bulb.
Abstract By regulating inhibition at dendrodendritic synapses between mitral and granule cells (GCs), noradrenergic neurones extending from the brainstem provide an input essential for odour processing in the olfactory bulb (OB). In the accessory OB (AOB), we have recently shown that noradrenaline (NA) increases GABA inhibitory input onto mitral cells (MCs) by exciting GCs. Here, we show that GCs in the main OB (MOB) exhibit a similar response to NA, indicating a common mechanism for noradrenergic regulation of GC→MC inhibition throughout the OB. In GCs of the MOB, NA (10 μM) produced a robust excitatory effect ...
Source: The Journal of Physiology - December 24, 2012 Category: Physiology Authors: Zimnik NC, Treadway T, Smith RS, Araneda RC Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

Randomized Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block in Thyroidectomy
ConclusionBSCPB with 0.25% bupivacaine with or without clonidine is effective in reducing both intraoperative and postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in thyroidectomy, and adding clonidine to bupivacaine reduces postoperative vomiting. (Source: Pain Practice)
Source: Pain Practice - December 19, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Vilvapathy Senguttuvan Karthikeyan, Sarath Chandra Sistla, Ashok Shankar Badhe, Thulasingam Mahalakshmy, Nagarajan Rajkumar, Sheik Manwar Ali, S. Gopalakrishnan Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Review: Low-quality evidence fails to show that antihypertensive drugs affect outcomes in mild hypertension.
CONCLUSION Low-quality evidence suggests that antihypertensive drug therapy does not reduce mortality or cardiovascular events after up to 5 years of follow-up in adults with mild hypertension in the setting of primary prevention.Antihypertensive drug therapy vs placebo in patients with mild hypertension*Outcomes†Number of trials (n)Weighted event ratesRRR (95% CI)NNTMortality4 (8912)1.7% vs 2.0%15% (-15 to 37)Not significantStroke3 (7080)0.29% vs 0.56%49% (-8 to 76)Not significantTotal CV events3 (7080)2.3% vs 2.4%3% (-32 to 28)Not significantRRI (CI)NNHCHD3 (7080)2.0% vs 1.8%12% (-20 to 57)Not significant*CHD = coronar...
Source: Annals of Internal Medicine - December 18, 2012 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Brophy J Tags: Ann Intern Med Source Type: research

Short-term complexity indexes of heart period and systolic arterial pressure variabilities provide complementary information
It is unclear whether the complexity of the variability of the systolic arterial pressure (SAP) provides complementary information to that of the heart period (HP). The complexity of HP and SAP variabilities was assessed from short beat-to-beat recordings (i.e., 256 cardiac beats). The evaluation was made during a pharmacological protocol that induced vagal blockade with atropine or a sympathetic blockade (beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol or central sympathetic blockade with clonidine) alone or in combination, during a graded head-up tilt, and in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) without orthostatic hypotensi...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - December 15, 2012 Category: Physiology Authors: Porta, A., Castiglioni, P., Rienzo, M. D., Bari, V., Bassani, T., Marchi, A., Takahashi, A. C. M., Tobaldini, E., Montano, N., Catai, A. M., Barbic, F., Furlan, R., Cividjian, A., Quintin, L. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of sleep disturbance in children: An Australian Paediatric Research Network survey
Conclusions: Australian paediatricians use both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for paediatric sleep disturbances. Melatonin is the most commonly prescribed medi