Eating Disorders and Weight Management Research This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.

Treating eating disorders over the internet: A systematic review and future research directions
DiscussionFuture research should determine the utility of internet‐based treatment by comparing them to face‐to‐face treatment. Research should furthermore focus on unraveling predictors and mediators of treatment outcome, compliance, and dropout, respectively. Studies with good methodological quality are needed with reports according to CONSORT guidelines. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013) (Source: International Journal of Eating Disorders)
Source: International Journal of Eating Disorders - May 18, 2013 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Jiska J. Aardoom, Alexandra E. Dingemans, Philip Spinhoven, Eric F. Furth Tags: Critical Analysis and Synthesis Source Type: research

Low phosphorus status might contribute to the onset of obesity
(Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - May 18, 2013 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: O. A. Obeid Tags: Etiology and Pathophysiology Source Type: research

Obstructive Sleep Apnea after Weight Loss: A Clinical Trial Comparing Gastric Bypass and Intensive Lifestyle Intervention
Conclusion:Our study demonstrates that RYGB was more effective than ILI at reducing the prevalence and severity of OSA. However, our analysis also suggests that weight loss, rather than the surgical procedure per se, explains the beneficial effects.Citation:Fredheim JM; Rollheim J; Sandbu R; Hofsø D; Omland T; Røislien J; Hjelmesaeth J. Obstructive sleep apnea after weight loss: a clinical trial comparing gastric bypass and intensive lifestyle intervention. J Clin Sleep Med 2013;9(5):427-432. (Source: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM)
Source: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM - May 17, 2013 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

C-Reactive Protein and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children with Sleep Disordered Breathing
Conclusions:The results of this study suggest an association between OSA and Hs-CRP concentrations (mainly mediated by overweight and obesity), but not between OSA and subclinical atherosclerosis. There is scope for prevention in childhood before OSA syndrome causes the irreversible damage to arteries observed in adult patients.Citation:Iannuzzi A; Licenziati MR; De Michele F; Verga MC; Santoriello C; Di Buono L; Renis M; Lembo L; D'Agostino B; Cappetta D; Polverino M; Polverino F. C-reactive protein and carotid intima-media thickness in children with sleep disordered breathing. J Clin Sleep Med 2013;9(5):493-498. (Source:...
Source: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM - May 17, 2013 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Prevalence of and trends in metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular risk factors among US adolescents between 1999 and 2008
We examined the prevalence of and trends in MetS and its associated CVD risk factors in a nationally-representative sample of adolescents in the USA between 1999 and 2008. Methods: Eleven thousand and twenty four adolescents aged between 10 and 18 years (49% girls, 15% African–American, 17% Hispanic) were included from five 2-year survey periods of the cross-sectional 1999–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We examined the prevalence of MetS according to a modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition, requiring three or more of the following criteria to be ful...
Source: Cardiovascular Endocrinology - May 17, 2013 Category: Cardiology Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Anorexia Nervosa in a 14-Year-Old Second-Generation Hispanic Adolescent Boy
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology May 2013, Vol. 23, No. 4: 295-299. (Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology - May 17, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Tags: article Source Type: research

The face of appearance-related social pressure: gender, age and body mass Variations in peer and parental pressure during adolescence
Conclusion: The results suggest that preventive efforts targeting body concerns and disordered eating should bring up the topic of appearance pressure in a school-based context and should strengthen those adolescents who are particularly at risk - in our study, girls and adolescents with higher weight status. Early adolescence and school transition appear to be crucial periods for these efforts. Moreover, the comprehensive assessment of appearance-related social pressure appears to be a fruitful way to further explore social risk-factors in the development of a negative body image. (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health)
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health - May 16, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Susanne HelfertPetra Warschburger Source Type: research

Television viewing and abdominal obesity in women according to smoking status: results from a large cross-sectional population-based study in Brazil
CONCLUSIONS: Television viewing ≥ 5 times/week may increase the prevalence of AO among women who smoke. More detailed information on media use, as hours per day, may offer better estimates. OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre a frequência assistindo televisão e obesidade abdominal (OA) entre mulheres brasileiras, segundo o hábito de fumar. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os dados de 13.262 mulheres adultas (18-49 anos) estudadas na Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde (PNDS-2006), um estudo transversal, com amostragem probabilística complexa, de representatividade nacio...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia - May 16, 2013 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Validity of self-reported height, weight and body mass index in the adult population of Brasilia, Brazil
CONCLUSION: In Brasilia, self-reported height can be used for subgroups of women with more than 12y of study and men under 60y of age. Men with adequate BMI over estimate their weight when compared to overweight and obese men. Self-reported measures can be used for excess weight population follow-up. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia - May 16, 2013 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Body mass index and suicidal behaviors: A critical review of epidemiological evidence
Conclusion: Consideration of observational data, methodological issues stemmed from the rarity of deaths by suicide, homogeneity of study populations, heterogeneity of suicide methods, and the corresponding neurobiological changes made interpretation difficult. Intercultural cohort observations across countries may help to weigh the contributions from biological and socio-cultural factors. The purported association not only represents a scientific challenge, it's also an opportunity potentially leading to important insights into prevention of suicide death. (Source: Journal of Affective Disorders)
Source: Journal of Affective Disorders - May 15, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Jian Zhang, Fei Yan, Yanfeng Li, Robert E. McKeown Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Associations between eating meals, watching TV while eating meals and weight status among children, ages 10--12 years in eight European countries: the ENERGY cross-sectional study
Conclusions: The odds of being overweight was lower for children who ate breakfast and dinner compared to those who did not eat the respective meals. The odds of being overweight was lower for children who reported to never watch TV at lunch and dinner compared to those who did. A focus towards meal frequency and watching TV during meals in longitudinal and interventions studies in prevention of overweight and obesity, may contribute to a better understanding of causality. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity)
Source: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity - May 15, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Frøydis VikHelga BjørnaråNina ØverbyNanna LienOdysseas AndroutsosLea MaesNatasa JanEva KovacsLuis MorenoAlain DösseggerYannis ManiosJohannes BrugElling Bere Source Type: research

Application of the MODE model to implicit weight prejudice and its influence on expressed and actual behavior among college students
Abstract Weight prejudice and discrimination were examined in students, using the motivation and opportunity as determinants (MODE) model. The personalized Implicit Association Test (pIAT) and Motivation to Control Prejudiced Reactions (MCPR) scale were used to predict subsequent expressed and actual behavior, measured by an election task and a lost e‐mail task. Thematic analysis of qualitative responses was conducted to determine reasons participants discriminated against obesity. The MODE model did not predict the prejudice–behavior relationship; however, expressed weight prejudice and discrimination were highly prev...
Source: Journal of Applied Social Psychology - May 15, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Erika Penney, Catalina Lawsin Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Obesity as a status cue: perceived social status and the stereotypes of obese individuals
Abstract Two studies examined the relationship between social status and obesity stereotypes. In Study 1, obese individuals were seen as having lower status than non‐obese individuals, and status ratings were positively correlated with common obesity stereotypes. In Study 2, targets were depicted as overweight or lean, and as having a high‐status or low‐status job. High‐status heavy targets were rated as less lazy and more competent than were their low‐status counterparts, but status did not impact ratings of sloppiness or warmth. The findings indicate that obesity can serve as a status cue. Furthermore, the find...
Source: Journal of Applied Social Psychology - May 15, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lenny R. Vartanian, Keri M. Silverstein Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Role of the Carotid Body in Obesity-Related Sympathoactivation [Letters to the Editor]
(Source: Hypertension)
Source: Hypertension - May 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Porzionato, A., Macchi, V., De Caro, R. Tags: Obesity Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Response to Role of the Carotid Body in Obesity-Related Sympathoactivation [Letters to the Editor]
(Source: Hypertension)
Source: Hypertension - May 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Paton, J. F. R., Sobotka, P. A., Fudim, M., Engelman, Z. J., Hart, E. C. J., McBryde, F. D., Abdala, A. P., Marina, N., Gourine, A. V., Lobo, M., Patel, N., Burchell, A., Ratcliffe, L., Nightingale, A. Tags: Obesity, Other hypertension Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Proximal Tubule Angiotensin AT2 Receptors Mediate an Anti-Inflammatory Response via Interleukin-10: Role in Renoprotection in Obese Rats [Kidney]
The angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) has been shown to lower inflammation in the kidney. However, the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 in AT2R-mediated attenuation of inflammation has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that AT2R activation is renoprotective by directly increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the kidney via nitric oxide (NO) signaling. For in vitro studies, the human proximal tubule epithelial cell-line (human kidney-2 [HK-2]) was activated with lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/mL) and AT2R agonist C21 (1 μmol/L) for 24 hours, and media cytokine levels were ...
Source: Hypertension - May 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Dhande, I., Ali, Q., Hussain, T. Tags: ACE/Angiotension receptors Kidney Source Type: research

Body Fat Is Associated With Reduced Aortic Stiffness Until Middle Age [Obesity]
Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, but the effect of body composition on vascular aging and arterial stiffness remains uncertain. We investigated relationships among body composition, blood pressure, age, and aortic pulse wave velocity in healthy individuals. Pulse wave velocity in the thoracic aorta, an indicator of central arterial stiffness, was measured in 221 volunteers (range, 18–72 years; mean, 40.3±13 years) who had no history of cardiovascular disease using cardiovascular MRI. In univariate analyses, age (r=0.78; P<0.001) and blood pressure (r=0.41; P<0.001) showed a str...
Source: Hypertension - May 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Corden, B., Keenan, N. G., de Marvao, A. S. M., Dawes, T. J. W., DeCesare, A., Diamond, T., Durighel, G., Hughes, A. D., Cook, S. A., O'Regan, D. P. Tags: CT and MRI, Computerized tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Epidemiology Obesity Source Type: research

Understanding the somatic consequences of depression: biological mechanisms and the role of depression symptom profile
Consequences of depression include somatic diseases, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease; Brenda Penninx and colleagues review the biological pathways and their dysregulation between depressive symptoms and somatic health, and describe the therapeutic implications. (Source: BMC Medicine)
Source: BMC Medicine - May 15, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Brenda PenninxYuri MilaneschiFemke LamersNicole Vogelzangs Source Type: research

Therapeutic ketosis with ketone ester delays central nervous system oxygen toxicity seizures in rats
In conclusion, acute oral administration of BD-AcAc2 produced sustained ketosis and significantly delayed CNS-OT seizures by elevating AcAc and acetone. (Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - May 15, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: D'Agostino, D. P., Pilla, R., Held, H. E., Landon, C. S., Puchowicz, M., Brunengraber, H., Ari, C., Arnold, P., Dean, J. B. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasis Source Type: research

Physiological characterization of a mouse model of cachexia in colorectal liver metastases
Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (cachexia) is severe in patients with colorectal liver metastases because of the large increase in resting energy expenditure but remains understudied because of a lack of suitable preclinical models. Our aim was to characterize a novel preclinical model of cachexia in colorectal liver metastases. We tested the hypothesis that mice with colorectal liver metastases would exhibit cachexia, as evidenced by a reduction in liver-free body mass, muscle mass, and physiological impairment. Twelve-week-old male CBA mice received an intrasplenic injection of Ringer solution (sham) or murine ...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - May 15, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Murphy, K. T., Struk, A., Malcontenti-Wilson, C., Christophi, C., Lynch, G. S. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasis Source Type: research

Systemic {alpha}-melanocyte-stimulating hormone administration decreases arthritis-induced anorexia and muscle wasting
In conclusion our data show that in arthritic rats peripheral α-MSH treatment has an anti-cachectic action increasing food intake and decreasing muscle wasting. (Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - May 15, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Gomez-SanMiguel, A. B., Martin, A. I., Nieto-Bona, M. P., Fernandez-Galaz, C., Lopez-Menduina, M., Villanua, M. A., Lopez-Calderon, A. Tags: Hormones, Reproduction and Development Source Type: research

Aging accentuates alcohol-induced decrease in protein synthesis in gastrocnemius
The present study sought to determine whether the protein catabolic response in skeletal muscle produced by chronic alcohol feeding was exaggerated in aged rats. Adult (3 mo) and aged (18 mo) female F344 rats were fed a nutritionally complete liquid diet containing alcohol (36% of total calories) or an isocaloric isonitrogenous control diet for 20 wk. Muscle (gastrocnemius) protein synthesis, as well as mTOR and proteasome activity did not differ between control-fed adult and aged rats, despite the increased TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA and decreased IGF-I mRNA in muscle of aged rats. Compared with alcohol-fed adult rats, age...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - May 15, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Korzick, D. H., Sharda, D. R., Pruznak, A. M., Lang, C. H. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasis Source Type: research

Risk factors associated with severe manifestations of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection in China: a case¿control study
Conclusion: We provide evidence on the risk factors associated with severe manifestations of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza in a study of hospitalized subjects in China. (Source: Virology Journal)
Source: Virology Journal - May 15, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Yan-yan RenYu-yan YinWen-qing LiYi LinTi LiuShuang WangSheng-yang ZhangZhong LiXian-jun WangZhen-qiang Bi Source Type: research

Detecting intentional insulin omission for weight loss in girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus
DiscussionUsing data mining methods we developed a clinical prediction model to determine an individual's probability of intentionally omitting insulin. This model provides a decision support system for the detection of intentional insulin omission for weight loss in adolescent females with type 1 diabetes mellitus. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013;) (Source: International Journal of Eating Disorders)
Source: International Journal of Eating Disorders - May 15, 2013 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Orit Pinhas‐Hamiel, Uri Hamiel, Yuval Greenfield, Valentina Boyko, Chana Graph‐Barel, Marianna Rachmiel, Liat Lerner‐Geva, Brian Reichman Tags: Empirical Article Source Type: research

Combination therapy of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and metformin in type 2 diabetes: Rationale and evidence
This article provides an overview of clinical evidence and discusses the rationale for the combination therapy of DPP‐4 inhibitors and metformin. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - May 14, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ye Liu, Tianpei Hong Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Incidence and epidemiology of new onset heart failure with preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction in a community-based cohort: 11-year follow-up of PREVEND
Conclusion Higher age, UAE, cystatin C, and history of atrial fibrillation are strong risk factors for new onset HFpEF. This underscores differential pathophysiological mechanisms for both subtypes of heart failure. (Source: European Heart Journal)
Source: European Heart Journal - May 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Brouwers, F. P., de Boer, R. A., van der Harst, P., Voors, A. A., Gansevoort, R. T., Bakker, S. J., Hillege, H. L., van Veldhuisen, D. J., van Gilst, W. H. Tags: Heart failure/cardiomyopathy Source Type: research

Does the availability of snack foods in supermarkets vary internationally?
Conclusion: Whilst between-country variations were observed, overall results indicate high levels of snack food and soft drinks displays within supermarkets across the eight countries. Exposure to snack foods is largely unavoidable within supermarkets, increasing the likelihood of purchases and particularly those made impulsively. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity)
Source: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity - May 14, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Lukar ThorntonAdrian CameronSarah McNaughtonWilma WaterlanderMarita SodergrenChalida SvastisaleeLaurence BlanchardAngela LieseSarah BattersbyMary-Ann CarterJudy SheeshkaSharon KirkpatrickSandy ShermanGill CowburnCharlie FosterDavid Crawford Source Type: research

Spleen IL-10, a key player in obesity-driven renal risk
(Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - May 14, 2013 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Spoto, B., Zoccali, C. Tags: IN FOCUS Source Type: research

Obesity-related chronic kidney disease is associated with spleen-derived IL-10
Conclusions We suggest that obesity reduces IL-10 induction from the spleen, and spleen-derived IL-10 may protect against the development of CKD induced by obesity. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - May 14, 2013 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Gotoh, K., Inoue, M., Masaki, T., Chiba, S., Shiraishi, K., Shimasaki, T., Matsuoka, K., Ando, H., Fujiwara, K., Fukunaga, N., Aoki, K., Nawata, T., Katsuragi, I., Kakuma, T., Seike, M., Yoshimatsu, H. Tags: BASIC SCIENCE Source Type: research

Intestinal microbiota in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Conclusion:There is an inverse and diet‐/BMI‐independent association between the presence of NASH and percentage Bacteroidetes in the stool, suggesting that the IM may play a role in the development of NAFLD. (HEPATOLOGY 2013 ) (Source: Hepatology)
Source: Hepatology - May 14, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Marialena Mouzaki, Elena M. Comelli, Bianca M. Arendt, Julia Bonengel, Scott K. Fung, Sandra E. Fischer, Ian D. McGilvray, Johane P. Allard Tags: Steatohepatitis/Metabolic Liver Disease Source Type: research

Delivery of siRNA to adipose macrophages in mice [Physiology]
Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and infiltration by macrophages is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese humans, offering a potential target for therapeutics. However, whether AT macrophages (ATMs) directly contribute to systemic glucose intolerance has not been determined. The reason is the lack of methods to ablate... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - May 14, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Aouadi, M., Tencerova, M., Vangala, P., Yawe, J. C., Nicoloro, S. M., Amano, S. U., Cohen, J. L., Czech, M. P. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Liberal use of axillary artery cannulation for aortic and complex cardiac surgery
CONCLUSIONS Axillary artery cannulation is an ideal arterial inflow site in cases where the ascending aorta is unsuitable as it is safe, reliable and reduces the risks of atheroembolization and malperfusion. Major complications are rare with this meticulous technique and it is our standard practice in complex cardiac and aortic surgery. (Source: Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery)
Source: Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery - May 14, 2013 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Fong, L. S., Bassin, L., Mathur, M. N. Tags: Adult Cardiac Source Type: research

Association of caesarean delivery with child adiposity from age 6 weeks to 15 years
& L Trasande (Source: International Journal of Obesity)
Source: International Journal of Obesity - May 14, 2013 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: J BlusteinT AttinaM LiuA M RyanL M CoxM J BlaserL Trasande Tags: childhood obesity adiposity caesarean delivery microbiome ALSPAC Source Type: research

Fat depot-specific mRNA expression of novel loci associated with waist–hip ratio
Fat depot-specific mRNA expression of novel loci associated with waist–hip ratio International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, May 14 2013. doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.56 Authors: D Schleinitz, N Klöting, C M Lindgren, J Breitfeld, A Dietrich, M R Schön, T Lohmann, M Dreßler, M Stumvoll, M I McCarthy, M Blüher & P Kovacs (Source: International Journal of Obesity)
Source: International Journal of Obesity - May 14, 2013 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: D SchleinitzN KlötingC M LindgrenJ BreitfeldA DietrichM R SchönT LohmannM DreßlerM StumvollM I McCarthyM BlüherP Kovacs Tags: fat distribution gene expression waist–hip ratio GWAS Source Type: research

The association between obesity and outpatient visits for acute respiratory infections in Ontario, Canada
& J C Kwong (Source: International Journal of Obesity)
Source: International Journal of Obesity - May 14, 2013 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: M A CampitelliL C RosellaJ C Kwong Tags: influenza, human respiratory tract infections cohort studies body mass index Source Type: research

Harnessing the beneficial properties of adipogenic microbes for improving human health
Summary Obesity is associated with numerous metabolic comorbidities. Weight loss is an effective measure for alleviating many of these metabolic abnormalities. However, considering the limited success of most medical weight‐management approaches in producing a sustained weight loss, approaches that improve obesity‐related metabolic abnormalities independent of weight loss would be extremely attractive and of practical benefit. Metabolically healthy obesity supports the notion that a better metabolic profile is possible despite obesity. Moreover, adequate expansion of adipose tissue appears to confer protection from obe...
Source: Obesity Reviews - May 13, 2013 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: N. V. Dhurandhar, L. Geurts, R. L. Atkinson, L. Casteilla, K. Clement, P. Gerard, M. Vijay‐Kumar, J. H. Nam, M. Nieuwdorp, G. Trovato, T. I. A. Sørensen, A. Vidal‐Puig, P. D. Cani Tags: Etiology and Pathophysiology/Obesity Treatment Source Type: research

The Nanny State and “Coercive Paternalism”
“The free man owns himself. He can damage himself with either eating or drinking; he can ruin himself with gambling. If he does he is certainly a damn fool, and he might possibly be a damned soul; but if he may not, he is not a free man any more than a dog.”G. K. Chesterton (1) While researching a recent Editor's Page on obesity I came across the concept of the “nanny state,” and was surprised that many of my friends were unfamiliar with the term. The Free Dictionary defines the nanny state variously as: 1) a government that makes decisions for people that they might otherwise make for themselves, especially those ...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Interventions - May 13, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Pharmacological management of obese child
Childhood overweight and obesity are increasingly common management problems for clinicians. This review focuses on the pharmacological management of obesity in children. It considers historical treatments, the options currently available (principally orlistat and metformin) and some potential future therapeutic interventions. The short term psychological effect of obesity and longer term health impact are discussed. The clinical settings in which drug treatment may be appropriate, the importance of lifestyle interventions, and the evidence and clinical guidance that underpin their use are discussed. (Source: Archives of D...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - May 13, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Petkar, R., Wright, N. Tags: Obesity (nutrition), Child health, Health education, Obesity (public health), Health promotion Pharmacy update Source Type: research

Can NICE prevent diabetes?
The rising tide Diabetes (diagnosed or undiagnosed) currently affects 7.4% of the UK population, and is projected to reach 10% by 2030.1 Conventional wisdom (with just a hint of moral censure) attributes the rising prevalence of diabetes to obesity and physical inactivity. It would however be just as true to lay the blame on increasing longevity, for glucose tolerance deteriorates with age, and we live much longer than we did. By their ninth decade, 55% of European males and 74% of females will have diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes or some form of glucose intolerance.2 Diabetes is also on the increase because of simpler diag...
Source: Heart - May 13, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gale, E. A. M. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Clinical diagnostic tests, Epidemiology, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders Editorials Source Type: research

Bilateral internal mammary artery grafts, mortality and morbidity: an analysis of 1 526 360 coronary bypass operations
Conclusions BIMA grafting is associated with increased risk of DSWI only in patients with severe, chronic diabetes. The incremental morbidity and mortality of DSWI does not justify denial of BIMA in the majority of patients. (Source: Heart)
Source: Heart - May 13, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Itagaki, S., Cavallaro, P., Adams, D. H., Chikwe, J. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Heart failure, Interventional cardiology, Epidemiology, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders Cardiovascular surgery Source Type: research

Genetic deletion of Granzyme B does not confer resistance to the development of spontaneous diabetes in NOD mice
In conclusion, GzmB, in contrast to perforin, is not essentially involved in the effector mechanisms for beta‐cell destruction in NOD mice. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology - May 13, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Masakazu Kobayashi, Chieko Kaneko‐Koike, Norio Abiru, Takahiro Uchida, Satoru Akazawa, Kan Nakamura, Genpei Kuriya, Tsuyoshi Satoh, Hiroaki Ida, Eiji Kawasaki, Hironori Yamasaki, Yuji Nagayama, Hitoshi Sasaki, Atsushi Kawakami Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Treat‐to‐Target Trials: Uses, Interpretation, and Review of Concepts
Abstract Treat‐to‐target trial designs compare investigational insulins with a standard insulin. Treat‐to‐target trials force‐titrate insulin dosages to achieve a prespecified treatment goal. With comparable glycemic control, comparisons of safety endpoints such as hypoglycemia can be made to establish the risk‐benefit profile of the new insulin. Glargine vs NPH showed comparable A1C reductions; however, A1C <7% without associated nocturnal hypoglycemia was reached in more patients on glargine and overall hypoglycemia was lower. Detemir vs glargine demonstrated noninferiority between the groups; however, wit...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - May 13, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Alan J. Garber Tags: review article Source Type: research

Dapagliflozin a Glucose‐Regulating Drug With Diuretic Properties in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
ConclusionsDapagliflozin‐induced SGLT2 inhibition for 12 weeks is associated with reductions in 24‐hour BP, body weight, GFR, and possibly plasma volume. Cumulatively, these effects suggest that dapagliflozin may have a diuretic‐like capacity to lower BP in addition to beneficial effects on glycemic control. www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00976495. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - May 13, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hiddo J.Lambers Heerspink, Dick de Zeeuw, Li Wie, Bruce Leslie, James List Tags: Original Paper Source Type: research