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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 38.

Intention to adopt clinical decision support systems in a developing country: effect of Physician¿s perceived professional autonomy, involvement and belief: a cross-sectional study
Conclusion: The proposed model with the three main constructs (physician’s professional characteristic, involvement and belief) explains 47% of the variance in the intention to use CDSS. This is significantly higher than the models addressed so far. The results will have a major impact in implementing CDSS in developing countries.
Source: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making - Latest articles - December 5, 2012 Category: Information Technology Authors: Murali SambasivanPouyan EsmaeilzadehNaresh KumarHossein Nezakati Source Type: research

Does modern high standard life style cause Type 1 diabetes in children ?
This report is based on questionnaires from initially 16 051 children of whom 80 have later on developed Type 1 diabetes. The parents answered questionnaires at the birth of their child and then after 1 year, 2‐3 years, 5‐6 years, 8 years. A number of parameters possibly related to hygiene were analysed with several statistical methods, both with univariate and in regression models. Our study cannot identify any crucial environmental factor. This indicates that hygiene‐related parameters traditionally regarded as part of “modern life style” do not play any important role for the etiology of Type 1 diabete...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - December 5, 2012 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Johnny Ludvigsson, Britt‐Marie Holmqvist, Ulf Samuelsson Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Age‐related changes in skin barrier function – Quantitative evaluation of 150 female subjects
Synopsis The protection against water loss and the prevention of substances and bacteria penetrating into the body rank as the most important functions of the skin. This so‐called ‘skin barrier function’ is the natural frontier between the inner organism and the environment, and is primarily formed by the epidermis. An impairment of the skin barrier function is often found in diseased and damaged skin. An influence of ageing on skin barrier function is widely accepted, but has not been conclusively evaluated yet. Therefore, the aim of this clinical study was to assess the potential influence of ageing on skin barrier...
Source: International Journal of Cosmetic Science - December 5, 2012 Category: Dermatology Authors: S. Luebberding, N. Krueger, M. Kerscher Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Barriers to dental visits in Belgium: a secondary analysis of the 2004 National Health Interview Survey
ConclusionBarriers to dental visits in Belgium differ among age groups and are linked to personal and environmental factors. The findings confirm the existence of social health inequalities in dental visits among Belgian people.
Source: Journal of Public Health Dentistry - December 5, 2012 Category: Dentistry Authors: Pascaline Kengne Talla, Marie‐Pierre Gagnon, Michelle Dramaix, Alain Leveque Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Maintenance of S-nitrosothiol homeostasis plays an important role in growth suppression of estrogen receptor positive breast tumors
Conclusions: ER status in breast cancer may dictate tumor response to different nitrosative environments. Impairment of SNO homeostasis confers survival advantages to ER+ breast tumors, and these molecular mechanisms may also participate in the development of resistance against hormonal therapies that arise in this type of mammary tumors.
Source: Breast Cancer Research - December 5, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Amanda CanasLaura Lopez-SanchezAraceli Valverde-EstepaVanessa HernandezElena FuentesJuan Munoz-CastanedaChary Lopez-PedreraJuan De la HabaEnrique ArandaAntonio Rodriguez-Ariza Source Type: research

Directional selection on cold tolerance does not constrain plastic capacity in a butterfly
Conclusion: Our results indicate that plastic capacities are not always constrained by directional selection (on cold tolerance) and therefore genetic changes in trait means, but may operate independently.
Source: BMC Evolutionary Biology - Latest articles - December 5, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kristin FrankeAnneke DierksKlaus Fischer Source Type: research

Somatic neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) inactivation characterizes NF1-associated pilocytic astrocytoma [RESEARCH]
Low-grade brain tumors (pilocytic astrocytomas) arising in the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) inherited cancer predisposition syndrome are hypothesized to result from a combination of germline and acquired somatic NF1 tumor suppressor gene mutations. However, genetically-engineered mice (GEM) in which mono-allelic germline Nf1 gene loss is coupled with bi-allelic somatic (glial progenitor cell) Nf1 gene inactivation develop brain tumors that do not fully recapitulate the neuropathological features of the human condition. These observations raise the intriguing possibility that, while loss of neurofibromin function is neces...
Source: Genome Research - December 5, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Gutmann, D. H., McLellan, M. D., Hussain, I., Wallis, J. W., Fulton, L. L., Fulton, R. S., Magrini, V., Demeter, R., Wylie, T., Kandoth, C., Leonard, J. R., Guha, A., Miller, C. A., Ding, L., Mardis, E. R. Tags: RESEARCH Source Type: research

Effects of environmental stress on mRNA expression levels of seven genes related to oxidative stress and growth in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. of farmed, hybrid and wild origin
Conclusion: Farmed salmon in this study displayed significantly elevated mRNA levels of the IGF-1 gene relative to the wild salmon, in both treatments, while hybrids displayed a non additive pattern of inheritance. As IGF-1 mRNA levels are positively correlated to growth rate, the observed positive relationship between body size and IGF-1 mRNA levels detected in the wild but neither in the farmed nor the hybrid salmon, could indicate that growth selection has increased IGF-1 levels in farmed salmon to the extent that they may not be limiting growth rate.
Source: BMC Research Notes - December 5, 2012 Category: Research Authors: Monica SolbergBjørn KvammeFrank NilsenKevin Glover Source Type: research

Transcriptome walking: a laboratory-oriented GUI-based approach to mRNA identification from deep-sequenced data
Conclusions: As deep sequencing data becomes more widely available, accessible methods for extracting useful sequence information in the biological or medical laboratory will be of increasing importance. The approach described here does not rely on detailed knowledge of bioinformatic algorithms, and allows users with basic knowledge of molecular biology and standard laboratory computing equipment, but limited software or bioinformatics experience, to extract complete gene sequences from deep-sequencing data.
Source: BMC Research Notes - December 5, 2012 Category: Research Authors: Andrew French Source Type: research

Extremely metal-poor gas at a redshift of 7
m J. Burgasser In typical astrophysical environments, the abundance of heavy elements ranges from 0.001 to 2 times the solar value. Lower abundances have been seen in selected stars in the Milky Way’s halo and in two quasar absorption systems at redshift z = 3 (ref. 4). These are widely interpreted as relics from the early Universe, when all gas possessed a primordial chemistry. Before now there have been no direct abundance measurements from the first billion years after the Big Bang, when the earliest stars began synthesizing elements. Here we report observations of hydrogen and heavy-element absorption in a s...
Source: Nature - December 5, 2012 Category: Research Authors: Robert A. SimcoePeter W. SullivanKathy L. CookseyMelodie M. KaoMichael S. MatejekAdam J. Burgasser Tags: Letter Source Type: research

The entorhinal grid map is discretized
p; Edvard I. Moser The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is part of the brain’s circuit for dynamic representation of self-location. The metric of this representation is provided by grid cells, cells with spatial firing fields that tile environments in a periodic hexagonal pattern. Limited anatomical sampling has obscured whether
Source: Nature - December 5, 2012 Category: Research Authors: Hanne StensolaTor StensolaTrygve SolstadKristian FrølandMay-Britt MoserEdvard I. Moser Tags: Article Source Type: research

Corrections
Nature 492, 7427 (2012). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/492021a The News story ‘Drug-pollution law all washed up’ (Nature491, 503–504; 2012) incorrectly said that Axel Singhofen is a Member of the European Parliament (MEP). In fact, he is an adviser to Green MEPs who sit on the environment committee.The World
Source: Nature - December 5, 2012 Category: Research Tags: Correction Source Type: research

Human disease: Strength to strength for mouse models
n J. Kas Jessica Bolker's emphasis on choosing the right animal model (Nature491, 31; 2012) should not undermine the validity of the mouse as a model for human disease. Contrary to her implication, mouse researchers do take genetic background and environment into consideration.
Source: Nature - December 5, 2012 Category: Research Authors: Klaus SchughartClaude LibertMartien J. Kas Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Laboratory versus Nature: The Two Sides of the Drosophila Circadian Clock
The daily pattern of animal behavior is thought to be of potential enormous importance for survival. Here, we compared the daily activity pattern of Drosophila melanogaster wild-type flies and the clock-impaired mutants, per01 and ClkJrk , under pseudo-natural conditions and laboratory conditions with natural-like temperature profiles. We found that clock-impaired flies respond stronger to changes in the environment, namely temperature increases, than wild-type flies. We hypothesize that the circadian clock may suppress unproductive activity in response to temperature fluctuations but that such suppression ...
Source: Journal of Biological Rhythms - December 5, 2012 Category: Research Authors: Menegazzi, P., Yoshii, T., Helfrich-Forster, C. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Cotinine versus questionnaire: early-life environmental tobacco smoke exposure and incident asthma
Conclusions: Biomarker- and questionnaire-based assessment of ETS in early life lead to similar estimates of ETS-associated risk of recurrent wheeze and asthma.
Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles - December 5, 2012 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Chris CarlstenHelen Dimich-WardAnne DyBuncioAllan BeckerMoira Chan-Yeung Source Type: research

Genetic Risk for Violent Behavior and Environmental Exposure to Disadvantage and Violent Crime: The Case for Gene-Environment Interaction
Despite mounds of evidence to suggest that neighborhood structural factors predict violent behavior, almost no attention has been given to how these influences work synergistically (i.e., interact) with an individual’s genetic propensity toward violent behavior. Indeed, two streams of research have, heretofore, flowed independently of one another. On one hand, criminologists have underscored the importance of neighborhood context in the etiology of violence. On the other hand, behavioral geneticists have argued that individual-level genetic propensities are important for understanding violence. The current study seek...
Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence - December 5, 2012 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Barnes, J. C., Jacobs, B. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Having to Fight
Existing research that attempts to understand aggressive behavior often focuses on adults and/or individual traits. The present study used a Grounded Theory approach to develop a theoretical framework of how younger adolescents constructed an understanding of their own aggressive behavior within the social context of their lives. The participants were 11 adolescents (aged 12-16) who had previously been involved in incidents of aggression at a school for children with emotional and behavioral difficulties. The identified theoretical framework outlined that aggressive behavior was fundamental to an identity of toughness that...
Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence - December 5, 2012 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Crowther, S., Goodson, C., McGuire, J., Dickson, J. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Malawian fathers' views and experiences of attending the birth of their children: a qualitative study
Conclusions: The findings showed that with proper motivational information, enabling environment, positive midwives' attitude and spouse willingness, it is possible to involve male partners during childbirth in Malawi. Midwives, women and male peers are vital in the promotion of male involvement during childbirth. In addition, midwives have a duty to ensure that men are well prepared for the labour and childbirth processes for the experience to be a positive one.
Source: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth - Latest articles - December 5, 2012 Category: OBGYN Authors: Lucy KululangaAddress MalataEllen ChirwaJohanne Sundby Source Type: research

Intention to adopt clinical decision support systems in a developing country: effect of Physician's perceived professional autonomy, involvement and belief: a cross-sectional study
Conclusion: The proposed model with the three main constructs (physician's professional characteristic, involvement and belief) explains 47% of the variance in the intention to use CDSS. This is significantly higher than the models addressed so far. The results will have a major impact in implementing CDSS in developing countries.
Source: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making - Latest articles - December 5, 2012 Category: Information Technology Authors: Murali SambasivanPouyan EsmaeilzadehNaresh KumarHossein Nezakati Source Type: research

News: Libertas Mobile Website
All Libertas journals and articles are available through the Libertas mobile website designed for readers when travelling or away from their office. The website can be accessed from all mobile devices with a standard data connection including i...
Source: Air, Soil and Water Research - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research

Controls on the Redox Potential of Rainwater
Environmental Science & TechnologyDOI: 10.1021/es302569j
Source: Environmental Science and Technology - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Joan D. Willey, Katherine M. Mullaugh, Robert J. Kieber, G. Brooks Avery and Ralph N. Mead Source Type: research

Household Light Makes Global Heat: High Black Carbon Emissions From Kerosene Wick Lamps
Environmental Science & TechnologyDOI: 10.1021/es302697h
Source: Environmental Science and Technology - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Nicholas L. Lam, Yanju Chen, Cheryl Weyant, Chandra Venkataraman, Pankaj Sadavarte, Michael A. Johnson, Kirk R. Smith, Benjamin T. Brem, Joseph Arineitwe, Justin E. Ellis and Tami C. Bond Source Type: research

Stemming PM2.5 Pollution in China: Re-evaluating the Role of Ammonia, Aviation and Non-exhaust Road Traffic Emissions
Environmental Science & TechnologyDOI: 10.1021/es304806k
Source: Environmental Science and Technology - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Yunhua Chang, Xuejun Liu, Anthony J. Dore and Kaihui Li Source Type: research

Assessing Impacts of Land-Applied Manure from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Fish Populations and Communities
Environmental Science & TechnologyDOI: 10.1021/es302599t
Source: Environmental Science and Technology - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Jessica K. Leet, Linda S. Lee, Heather E. Gall, Reuben R. Goforth, Stephen Sassman, Denise A. Gordon, James M. Lazorchak, Mark E. Smith, Chad T. Javfert and Maria S. Sepúlveda Source Type: research

Phototransformation Rates and Mechanisms for Synthetic Hormone Growth Promoters Used in Animal Agriculture
Environmental Science & TechnologyDOI: 10.1021/es303091c
Source: Environmental Science and Technology - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Shen Qu, Edward P. Kolodziej and David M. Cwiertny Source Type: research

Enhanced Dissolution of Manganese Oxide in Ice Compared to Aqueous Phase under Illuminated and Dark Conditions
Environmental Science & TechnologyDOI: 10.1021/es302003z
Source: Environmental Science and Technology - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Kitae Kim, Ho-Il Yoon and Wonyong Choi Source Type: research

Lymphocyte transformation and autoimmune disorders.
Abstract The many features that link autoimmune disorders (AD) and lymphoma are reviewed herein. Firstly, the epidemiology indicates the increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) development in many AD, and especially in Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In these AD, the relative risk of NHL occurrence varies between 2 and 4 up to 40 fold higher than in the general population, according to various surveys. Factors favouring or predicting NHL have been reported in detail. B-cell activation and proliferation are part of AD and are essential factors for the onset of malig...
Source: Autoimmunity Reviews - December 4, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tarella C, Gueli A, Ruella M, Cignetti A Tags: Autoimmun Rev Source Type: research

Using Electronic Storybooks to Support Word Learning in Children With Severe Language Impairments.
In this study, we tested electronic storybooks as a tool to support vocabulary acquisition in SLI children. In Experiment 1, 29 kindergarten SLI children heard four e-books each four times: (a) two stories were presented as video books with motion pictures, music, and sounds, and (b) two stories included only static illustrations without music or sounds. Two other stories served as the control condition. Both static and video books were effective in increasing knowledge of unknown words, but static books were most effective. Experiment 2 was designed to examine which elements in video books interfere with word learning: vi...
Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities - December 4, 2012 Category: Disability Authors: Smeets DJ, van Dijken MJ, Bus AG Tags: J Learn Disabil Source Type: research

Calcium and egg activation in Drosophila.
Abstract In many animals, a rise in intracellular calcium levels is the trigger for egg activation, the process by which an arrested mature oocyte transitions to prepare for embryogenesis. In nearly all animals studied to date, this calcium rise, and thus egg activation, is triggered by the fertilizing sperm. However in the insects that have been examined, fertilization is not necessary to activate their oocytes. Rather, these insects' eggs activate as they transit through the female's reproductive tract, regardless of male contribution. Recent studies in Drosophila have shown that egg activation nevertheless requi...
Source: Cell Calcium - December 4, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Sartain CV, Wolfner MF Tags: Cell Calcium Source Type: research

An Advanced Monitoring Platform for Rational Design of Recombinant Processes.
Abstract : Bioprocess engineering is an application-oriented science in an interdisciplinary environment, and a meaningful combination of different scientific disciplines is the only way to meet the challenges of bioprocess complexity. Setting up a reasoned process monitoring platform is the first step in an iterative procedure aiming at process and systems understanding, being the key to rational and innovative bioprocess design. This chapter describes a comprehensive process monitoring platform and how the resulting knowledge is translated into new strategies in process and/or host cell design. ...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - December 4, 2012 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Striedner G, Bayer K Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: research

Evaluation of an Agency-Based Occupational Therapy Intervention to Facilitate Aging in Place.
Abstract PURPOSE: The United States faces a growing population of older adults and accompanying functional disabilities, coupled with constrained public resources and diminishing informal supports. A variety of interventions that aim to improve client outcomes have been studied, but to date, there is limited translational research that examines the efficacy of moving such interventions from clinical trials to agency settings.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate a restorative occupational therapy intervention relative to "usual care" among community-dwelling older adults. The intervention...
Source: The Gerontologist - December 4, 2012 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Sheffield C, Smith CA, Becker M Tags: Gerontologist Source Type: research

Biosorption of arsenic in drinking water by submerged plant: Hydrilla verticilata.
Abstract To evaluate the biosorption efficacy of submerged aquatic plant Hydrilla verticilata for arsenic uptake from drinking water. H. verticillata, a submerged aquatic plant was utilized successfully for arsenic uptake from aqueous solution. Batch studies with various parameters viz. pH, sorbent dose, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature were carried out. Data were utilized to plot Lagergren graph along with pseudo-second-order graphs for kinetic studies to estimate the removal efficacy and to determine the nature of reaction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform inf...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Nigam S, Gopal K, Vankar PS Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

Biliary PAH metabolites, EROD activity and DNA damage in dab (Limanda limanda) from Seine Estuary (France).
Abstract The Seine Estuary is well known to be widely contaminated by organic pollutants and especially by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fish are known to metabolize PAHs, leading to different toxic effects at both cellular and sub-cellular levels. In this work, we studied the relationships between the 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in the liver, the level of DNA strand breaks in blood cells and the concentration of PAH metabolites in the bile of the sentinel flatfish species Limanda limanda. Muscle and liver samples were analysed for parent PAH levels. Female and male dabs of two size cl...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Dévier MH, Le Dû-Lacoste M, Akcha F, Morin B, Peluhet L, Le Menach K, Burgeot T, Budzinski H Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

Biostimulation of the autochthonous microbial community for the depletion of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in contaminated sediments.
In this study, the effect of the biostimulation of the autochthonous microbial community on the depletion of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in historically contaminated sediments (6.260 ± 9.3 10(-3) μg PCB/ g dry weight) has been observed. Biostimulation consisted of (1) the amendment of an electron donor to favor the dehalogenation of the high-chlorinated PCBs and (2) the vegetation of sediments with Sparganium sp. plants to promote the oxidation of the low-chlorinated PCBs by rhizodegradation. The effects of the treatments have been analyzed in terms of both PCB depletion and changes of the autochthonous bacter...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Di Gregorio S, Azaizeh H, Lorenzi R Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

A novel "Integrated Biomarker Response" calculation based on reference deviation concept.
Abstract Multi-biomarker approaches are used to assess ecosystem health and identify impacts of environmental stress on organisms. However, exploration of large datasets by environmental managers represents a major challenge for regulatory application of this tool. Several integrative tools were developed to summarize biomarker responses. The aim of the present paper is to update calculation of the "Integrated Biological Response" (IBR) described by Beliaeff and Burgeot (Environ Toxicol Chem 21:1316-1322, 2002) to avoid weaknesses of this integrative tool. In the present paper, a novel index named "Integrated Biolo...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Sanchez W, Burgeot T, Porcher JM Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

Delayed myelosuppression with acute exposure to hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and environmental degradation product hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) in rats.
Abstract Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), a widely used munitions compound, and hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX), its N-nitroso product of anaerobic microbial nitroreduction, are contaminants of military sites. Previous studies have shown MNX to be the most acutely toxic among the nitroreduced degradation products of RDX and to cause mild anemia at high dose. The present study compares hematotoxicity with acute oral exposure to MNX with parent RDX. Both RDX and MNX caused a modest decrease in blood hemoglobin and ~50% loss of granulocytes (NOAELs=47mg/kg) in female Sprague-Dawley r...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - December 4, 2012 Category: Toxicology Authors: Jaligama S, Kale VM, Wilbanks MS, Perkins EJ, Meyer SA Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Can starling eggs be useful as a biomonitoring tool to study organohalogenated contaminants on a worldwide scale?
In this study, the presence of OHCs was investigated on three continents (Europe, North America and Australasia), using eggs of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris and Sturnus unicolor) to assess their suitability for large-scale monitoring studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using bird eggs of the same species as a biomonitor for OHCs on an intercontinental scale. We found significant differences in OHC concentrations of the eggs among sampling locations, except for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Mean concentrations of sum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in eggs ranged from 78±26ng/glipid weight (lw) ...
Source: Environment International - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Eens M, Jaspers VL, Van den Steen E, Bateson M, Carere C, Clergeau P, Costantini D, Dolenec Z, Elliott JE, Flux J, Gwinner H, Halbrook RS, Heeb P, Mazgajski TD, Moksnes A, Polo V, Soler JJ, Sinclair R, Veiga JP, Williams TD, Covaci A, Pinxten R Tags: Environ Int Source Type: research

Transgenerational effects of heavy metals on L3 larva of Caenorhabditis elegans with greater behavior and growth inhibitions in the progeny.
Abstract Heavy metals are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, and their toxic effects have been widely studied. However, their transgenerational effects between parent and progeny at environmental relevant concentrations need further investigations. Currently, L3 stage of Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed to aqueous metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) at environmentally realistic concentrations for 96h. The whole exposure time covered the formation of sperm, ovum and eggs. Subsequently the behavior and growth indicators were measured. The parent nematodes were then bleached to gain synchronized eggs, which were cultured u...
Source: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Yu Z, Chen X, Zhang J, Wang R, Yin D Tags: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf Source Type: research

Toxicological effects of crude oil and oil dispersant: Biomarkers in the heart of the juvenile golden grey mullet (Liza aurata).
This study, which has been integrated into the DISCOBIOL project (Dispersant et techniques de lutte en milieu côtier: effets biologiques et apport à la réglementation), presents information of interest when attempting to provide a framework for dispersant applications in coastal areas. PMID: 23218721 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Milinkovitch T, Imbert N, Sanchez W, Le Floch S, Thomas-Guyon H Tags: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf Source Type: research

In situ analysis of cadmium uptake in four sections of the gastro-intestinal tract of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
This study links results from past in vitro and in vivo experiments, by implementing an in situ experiment in order to determine the relative importance for cadmium (Cd) uptake of different sections of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of rainbow trout. Transport of Cd from four sections of the GIT of adult rainbow trout (∼220g) was individually examined by infusing ligated sections of the GIT in live, free-swimming fish with 50μM Cd spiked with radiolabelled (109)Cd (0.5μCiml(-1)). Fish were exposed for an 8-h period. The percentage of the total injected (109)Cd which was internalized from the different segments was o...
Source: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety - December 4, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Klinck JS, Wood CM Tags: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf Source Type: research

Reversible RNA adenosine methylation in biological regulation.
Abstract N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) is a ubiquitous modification in mRNA and other RNAs across most eukaryotes. For many years, however, the exact functions of m(6)A were not clearly understood. The discovery that the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is an m(6)A demethylase indicates that this modification is reversible and dynamically regulated, suggesting that it has regulatory roles. In addition, it has been shown that m(6)A affects cell fate decisions in yeast and plant development. Recent affinity-based m(6)A profiling in mouse and human cells further showed that this modification is a widesprea...
Source: Trends in Genetics : TIG - December 4, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Jia G, Fu Y, He C Tags: Trends Genet Source Type: research

Is the public healthcare sector a more strenuous working environment than the private sector for a physician?
Conclusions: The present study found evidence for the public sector being a more strenuous work environment for physicians than the private sector. Our results suggest that public healthcare organisations should pay more attention to the working conditions of their employees. PMID: 23221373 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health - December 4, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Heponiemi T, Kouvonen A, Sinervo T, Elovainio M Tags: Scand J Public Health Source Type: research

Regulatory Forum Opinion Piece: Long-term Animal Bioassays: Is the End Near?
Abstract Long term bioassays in animals cannot reliably forecast unknown potential but distant human risks, and especially cancer risks. The genetic, anatomic, physiologic, behavioral and environmental adaptations of rats and mice - the officially prescribed animals - are not relevant to humans. Even bioassay results for the two prescribed species are not mutually predictive. The dearth of human relevance is augmented by arbitrary and incongruous default assumptions, also officially prescribed for the conduct and interpretation of bioassays in rats and mice. Moreover, and contrary to publicized perceptions, bioassa...
Source: Toxicologic Pathology - December 4, 2012 Category: Pathology Authors: Gori GB Tags: Toxicol Pathol Source Type: research

Non‐tuberculous mycobacterial keratitis
Abstract Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria are environmental, opportunistic pathogens that are increasingly being recognized as important causes of many human diseases. Among them, rapidly growing mycobacteria are the most notorious organisms causing infectious keratitis. Non‐tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) keratitis commonly occurs after trauma or refractive surgery, and can masquerade as fungal, herpetic or amoebic keratitis. Therefore, the diagnosis is often delayed. Prolonged medical treatment and judicious surgical debridement are required in order to eradicate the pathogens. Combination therapy with aminoglycosides, m...
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - December 4, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: H.‐S. Chu, F.‐R. Hu Tags: Review Source Type: research

The EU‐ADR Web Platform: delivering advanced pharmacovigilance tools
ConclusionsA pioneering workspace that helps in explaining the biological path of adverse drug reactions was developed within the EU‐ADR project consortium. This tool, targeted at the pharmacovigilance community, is available online at https://bioinformatics.ua.pt/euadr/. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety - December 4, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: José Luis Oliveira, Pedro Lopes, Tiago Nunes, David Campos, Scott Boyer, Ernst Ahlberg, Erik M. Mulligen, Jan A. Kors, Bharat Singh, Laura I. Furlong, Ferran Sanz, Anna Bauer‐Mehren, Maria C. Carrascosa, Jordi Mestres, Paul Avillach, Gayo Diallo, Carlo Tags: Original Report Source Type: research

Anaesthesia and pre‐hospital emergency medicine
This article discusses subspeciality development in PHEM, the competency based framework for training in PHEM, and the provision of pre‐hospital emergency anaesthesia.
Source: Anaesthesia - December 4, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: A. Booth, A. Steel, J. Klein Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Pre- and Postnatal Risk Factors for ADHD in a Nonclinical Pediatric Population
Conclusion: The authors found associations between socioeconomic, psychosocial, and prenatal exposures and ADHD-related behavior. Selection bias due to access to care and recall bias from inaccurate report of past exposures is minimized in this large, nonclinical, prospective cohort study.
Source: Journal of Attention Disorders - December 4, 2012 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sagiv, S. K., Epstein, J. N., Bellinger, D. C., Korrick, S. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Characterization and Flocculation Properties of Biopolymeric Flocculant (Glycosaminoglycan) Produced by Cellulomonas sp. Okoh
ConclusionCellulomonas sp. produces bioflocculant predominantly composed of glycosaminoglycan polysaccharides with high flocculation activity.© 2012The Authors Journal of Applied Microbiology © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology
Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology - December 4, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: U.U. Nwodo, A.I. Okoh Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Sex-COMT-environment interactions in cognition [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences]
Cognitive functioning differs between males and females, likely in part related to genetic dimorphisms. An example of a common genetic variation reported to have sexually dimorphic effects on cognition and temperament in humans is the Val/Met polymorphism in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). We tested male and female wild-type mice (+/+) and their...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - December 4, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Papaleo, F., Erickson, L., Liu, G., Chen, J., Weinberger, D. R. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Mitochondrial stress response abolishment [Plant Biology]
Environmental stresses adversely affect plant growth and development. A common theme within these adverse conditions is the perturbation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that the ROS-inducible Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY15 transcription factor (AtWRKY15) modulates plant growth and salt/osmotic stress responses. By transcriptome profiling, a divergent stress response...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - December 4, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Vanderauwera, S., Vandenbroucke, K., Inze, A., van de Cotte, B., Muhlenbock, P., De Rycke, R., Naouar, N., Van Gaever, T., Van Montagu, M. C. E., Van Breusegem, F. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research