Epidemiology 
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.
90216 records returned
Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating HPTLC Method for Analysis of Rasagiline Mesylate in the Bulk Drug and Tablet Dosage Form
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A simple and sensitive thin-layer chromatographic method has been established for analysis of rasagiline mesylate in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatography on silica gel 60 F254 plates with 6 : 1 : 2(v/v/v) butanol-methanol water as mobile phase furnished compact spots at Rf 0.76±0.01. Densitometric analysis was performed at 254 nm. To show the specificity of the method, rasagiline mesylate was subjected to acid, base, neutral hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal decomposition, and the peaks of degradation products were well resolved from that o...
Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology - February 6, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Application of Multiprotocol Medical Imaging Communications and an Extended DICOM WADO Service in a Teleradiology ArchitectureEmail this article to a colleague.
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Multiprotocol medical imaging communication through the Internet is more flexible than the tight DICOM transfers. This paper introduces a modular multiprotocol teleradiology architecture that integrates DICOM and common Internet services (based on web, FTP, and E-mail) into a unique operational domain. The extended WADO service (a web extension of DICOM) and the other proposed services allow access to all levels of the DICOM information hierarchy as opposed to solely Object level. A lightweight client site is considered adequate, because the server site of the architecture provides clients with service interfaces through t...
Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology - February 6, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
PKC-Mediated ZYG1 Phosphorylation Induces Fusion of Myoblasts as well as of Dictyostelium CellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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We have previously demonstrated that a novel protein ZYG1 induces sexual cell fusion (zygote formation) of Dictyostelium cells. In the process of cell fusion, involvements of signal transduction pathways via Ca2+ and PKC (protein kinase C) have been suggested because zygote formation is greatly enhanced by PKC activators. In fact, there are several deduced sites phosphorylated by PKC in ZYG1 protein. Thereupon, we designed the present work to examine whether or not ZYG1 is actually phosphorylated by PKC and localized at the regions of cell-cell contacts where cell fusion occurs. These were ascertained, suggesting that ZYG1...
Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology - February 6, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Hardy Spaces Associated to Schrödinger Operators on Product SpacesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Let L=−Δ+V be a Schrödinger operator on ℝn, where V∈Lloc1(ℝn) is a nonnegative function on ℝn. In this article, we show that the Hardy spaces L on product spaces can be characterized in terms of the Lusin area integral, atomic decomposition, and maximal functions. (Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology - February 6, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Epitomize Your PhotosEmail this article to a colleague.
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With the rapid growth of digital photography, sharing of photos with friends and family has become very popular. When people share their photos, they usually organize them into albums according to events or places. To tell the story of some important events in one’s life, it is desirable to have an efficient summarization tool which can help people to receive a quick overview of an album containing large number of photos. In this paper, we present and analyze an approach for photo album summarization through a novel social game “Epitome” as a Facebook application. This social game can collect research ...
Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology - February 6, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Radiation port dermatophytosis: Tinea corporis occurring at the site of irradiated skin.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Radiation port dermatophytosis is the occurrence of tinea corporis within the area of radiation therapy delivery. A 68-year-old man, while receiving proton beam radiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate, developed a dermatophyte infection in the area of the radiotherapy port. Including this patient, 4 patients with radiation port dermatophytosis have been reported in the world literature. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, histopathology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of this condition are discussed. The diagnosis of radiation port dermatophytosis may be missed because it is misinterpre...
Source: Dermatol Online J - February 6, 2012 Category: Dermatology Authors: Casamiquela KM, Cohen PR Tags: Dermatol Online J Source Type: research
Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: trends and future implications. - DeVivo MJ.Email this article to a colleague.
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Study design:Review supplemented by inception cohort.Objectives:To review trends in the incidence, prevalence, demographic characteristics, etiology, injury severity and selected treatment outcomes of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting:Internationa... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))
Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) - February 6, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomes Source Type: news
Epidemiologic data of the patients with spinal cord injury: Seven years experience of a single center. - Tuğcu I, Tok F, Yılmaz B, Göktepe AS, Alaca R, Yazicioğlu K, Möhür H.Email this article to a colleague.
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BACKGROUND: We aimed to present the demographic and epidemiologic data on spinal cord injury (SCI) patients who were rehabilitated at our hospital, to identify high-risk groups and etiological factors, and to evaluate the factors that affect the duration o... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))
Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) - February 6, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomes Source Type: news
Epidemiology of severe burn injuries in a Tertiary Burn Centre in Tehran, Iran. - Mohammadi-Barzelighi H, Alaghehbandan R, Motevallian A, Alinejad F, Soleimanzadeh-Moghadam S, Sattari M, Lari AR.Email this article to a colleague.
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The aim of the study was to examine the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized burn patients in a tertiary burn centre in Tehran, Iran. A hospital-based cross-sectional study of all hospitalized patients with burn injuries was conducted in Motahar... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))
Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) - February 6, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Burns, Electricity, Explosions, Fire, Scalds Source Type: news
An Epidemiologic Survey on Burns in Yazd from 2008 till 2009. - Mirmohammadi SJ, Mehrparvar AH, Jalilmanesh M, Kazemeini K, Delbari N, Mostaghaci M.Email this article to a colleague.
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Burns are injuries which may require long hospitalization and may result in important impairment and disability. Burn injuries are still common especially in developing countries. Assessment of the epidemiology of burns is very important for introduction o... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))
Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) - February 6, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Burns, Electricity, Explosions, Fire, Scalds Source Type: news
Differentiating between Bipolar Disorder Types I and II: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). - Bega S, Schaffer A, Goldstein B, Levitt A.Email this article to a colleague.
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OBJECTIVE: Bipolar Disorder I (BD I) and Bipolar Disorder II (BD II) vary considerably, with differences in symptomatology, management and prognosis. For patients with depression, the distinction between BD I and BD II is not always apparent, and hinges on... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))
Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) - February 6, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Alcohol and Other Drugs Source Type: news
Substance abuse and suicide risk among adolescents. - Pompili M, Serafini G, Innamorati M, Biondi M, Siracusano A, Di Giannantonio M, Giupponi G, Amore M, Lester D, Girardi P, Möller-Leimkühler AM.Email this article to a colleague.
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The aim of this paper was to review the literature concerning the relationship between suicide and substance abuse behaviours among adolescents, focusing on epidemiology, comorbidity and preventive programmes. We performed a Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, PsycLit... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))
Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) - February 6, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Age: Adolescents Source Type: news
Epidemiology of Concussions Among United States High School Athletes in 20 Sports. - Marar M, McIlvain NM, Fields SK, Comstock RD.Email this article to a colleague.
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BACKGROUND: In the United States (US), an estimated 300,000 sports-related concussions occur annually. Among individuals 15 to 24 years of age, sports are second only to motor vehicle crashes as the leading cause of concussions. PURPOSE: To investigate the... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))
Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) - February 6, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Age: Adolescents Source Type: news
An invisible epidemic: Preventing unintentional injuries among children and youth - A priority for national Public Health Associations. - No Author(s) Listed.Email this article to a colleague.
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[Abstract unavailable]
Language: Eng... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))
Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) - February 6, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Age: Adolescents Source Type: news
A longitudinal epidemiological comparison of suicide and other causes of death in Italian children and adolescents. - Pompili M, Vichi M, De Leo D, Pfeffer C, Girardi P.Email this article to a colleague.
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The objective of the study is to evaluate temporal trends, gender effects and methods of completed suicide amongst children and adolescent (aged 10-17) when compared with temporal trends of deaths from other causes. Data were extracted from the Italian Mor... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))
Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) - February 6, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Age: Adolescents Source Type: news
Can sugar really be toxic? Sadly, yesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Eating excessive amounts of processed sugar is leading to an epidemic in type 2 diabetes, finds Max Pemberton. (Source: Telegraph Health)
Source: Telegraph Health - February 6, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news
The French Paradox and Other Ecological FallaciesThe French Paradox and Other Ecological FallaciesEmail this article to a colleague.
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A historical perspective of ecological fallacies in medicine, which arise when disease differences identified between countries are assumed to be caused by factors that are found to also differ. International Journal of Epidemiology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - February 5, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Internal Medicine Journal Article Source Type: news
Depression Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and ManagementEmail this article to a colleague.
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(Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - February 5, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Rapoport, Mark J. Tags: Therapy In Practice Source Type: research
The European internet-based patient and research database for primary immunodeficiencies: update 2011.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
In order to build a common data pool and estimate the disease burden of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Europe, the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) has developed an internet-based database for clinical and research data on patients with PID. This database is a platform for epidemiological analyses as well as the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and the identification of novel disease-associated genes. Since its start in 2004, 13 708 patients from 41 countries have been documented in the ESID database. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) represents the most ...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - February 5, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gathmann B, Binder N, Ehl S, Kindle G, Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: research
Comparability of cancer identification among death registry, cancer registry and hospital discharge registryEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, some 10% of cancer deaths had no cancer records in CR or in HDR, and 3.4% were missing in both sources. The identification rate depended on tumor site, age at death, and, to some extent, death outside hospital. © 2012 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer)
Source: International Journal of Cancer - February 5, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jianguang JiKristina SundquistJan SundquistKari Hemminki Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research
How should individuals with a false‐positive fecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer be managed? A decision analysisEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, the ContinueFOBT_long strategy was advantageous regarding both clinical benefit and required resources. Specifying an appropriate management strategy for individuals with a prior fpFOBT may substantially reduce required resources within a FOBT‐based CRC screening program without limiting its effectiveness. © 2012 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer)
Source: International Journal of Cancer - February 5, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ulrike HaugAmy B. KnudsenKaren M. Kuntz Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research
The association between two polymorphisms in the TS gene and risk of cancer: A systematic review and pooled analysisEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractThymidylate synthase (TS) is an important enzyme involved in folate metabolism and catalyzes methylation of dUMP to dTMP, which is essential for DNA replication. TSER and TS1494del6, two functionally important and ethnically diverse polymorphisms mapping to its gene region, are the most extensively studied. Considering the potential influence of altering TS activity, it is plausible that TS polymorphisms might play a role in the development of cancer. Although the effects of TS polymorphisms on susceptibility to human cancer have been investigated in many studies, the results remain conflicting rather than conclusi...
Source: International Journal of Cancer - February 5, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jue‐Yu ZhouRong ShiHai‐Lang YuYe ZengWen‐Ling ZhengWen‐Li Ma Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research
The prevalence of children affected by parental cancer and their use of specialised psychiatric services: The 1987 finnish birth cohort studyEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study examined the prevalence of children affected by parental cancer at national level and whether these children use specialised psychiatric services more than their peers. The study is a retrospective population‐based registry study. All 60,069 children born in Finland in 1987 were followed up with various health and social registers from 1987 to 2008. The associations of parental cancer treatments with children's psychiatric service use were analysed with logistic regressions. During the 21‐year follow‐up 3,909 (6.6%) of the children had a parent suffering from cancer. The children of the cancer patients use...
Source: International Journal of Cancer - February 5, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mika NiemeläReija PaananenHelinä HakkoMarko MerikukkaMika GisslerSami Räsänen Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Using Formative Assessment in Active Learning Environments: Transitioning from Preclinical to Clinical Training (Linda Chang PharmD)Email this article to a colleague.
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Many medical students struggle as they enter the clinical setting because they have difficulty in integrating and applying what they have learned in the preclinical classroom. In order to address this challenge, active learning activities were added to the Essentials of Patient Care course for second year medical students. This PowerPoint was presented at the 38th Annual STFM Conference on Medical Student Education and presents 1) the structure of the course that encompasses cultural competency, health policy, preventive medicine, epidemiology/evidence-based medicine, and medical ethics; 2) examples of the active learning ...
Source: Family Medicine Digital Resources Library (FMDRL) Recently Uploaded - February 4, 2012 Category: Primary Care Source Type: news
Erratum to: Ethnic differences in composite indices of femoral neck strengthEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1887-4Authors
S. Ishii, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Building 220, Room 302, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USAJ. A. Cauley, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, A524 Crabtree, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USAG. A. Greendale, Department of Medicine/Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10933 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAM. E. Danielson, Department of Epidemiolog...
Source: Osteoporosis International - February 3, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Osteoporosis International Source Type: research
Brazil Deploys "Junior Firefighters" to Snuff Out DengueEmail this article to a colleague.
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The government of the state of Rio de Janeiro is unveiling a
battery of creative tactics to engage the population in the
battle against dengue fever, which is threatening to reach
unprecedented epidemic proportions as a new virus strain hits
Brazil. (Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health)
Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health - February 3, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Tags: News Source Type: news
Nigeria: Lassa Fever - and the 'Joker' Was Death (1)Email this article to a colleague.
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[Vanguard]
There is no "Good" time for a disease epidemic. Certainly not a deadly hemorrhagic fever, such as Lassa. But the worst possible period is now, when we are so deeply mired in a social crisis. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)
Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine - February 3, 2012 Category: African Health Source Type: news
Residential exposure to outdoor air pollution from livestock operations and perceived annoyance among citizens.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that residential exposure to livestock odors can affect the health and wellbeing of rural citizens. However, exposure-response models for this relationship have not been developed. One of the main challenges is to identify a compound that can be used as proxy for livestock odor exposure. In this paper we developed models that describe the relationship between long-term averaged outdoor residential ammonia (NH(3)) exposures and livestock odor annoyance experienced by rural residents, and investigated person-related variables associated with annoyance responses. We used emi...
Source: Environment International - February 3, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Blanes-Vidal V, Suh H, Nadimi ES, Løfstrøm P, Ellermann T, Andersen HV, Schwartz J Tags: Environ Int Source Type: research
Evaluation of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention Program to Decrease Blood Pressure in Low-Income African-American Older AdultsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Hypertension affects a large proportion of urban African-American older adults. While there have been great strides in drug
development, many older adults do not have access to such medicines or do not take them. Mindfulness-based stress reduction
(MBSR) has been shown to decrease blood pressure in some populations. This has not been tested in low-income, urban African-American
older adults. Therefore, the primary purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a mindfulness-based
program for low income, minority older adults provided in residence. The secondary purpose ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - February 3, 2012 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: research
PAINWeek 2012: Ready to Address the Epidemic of Chronic PainEmail this article to a colleague.
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Challenges cited in the 2011 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report and the recent NEJM article have made PAINWeek the largest US pain conference for frontline practitioners.(PRWeb January 31, 2012)Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/1/prweb9145505.htm (Source: PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals)
Source: PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals - February 3, 2012 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news
Nurse preparedness for the non‐communicable disease escalation in Thailand: A cross‐sectional survey of nursesEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractChronic diseases are now the largest cause of mortality in Thailand, and form an increasingly large portion of the healthcare landscape. In the Thai health system, many patients with chronic conditions receive care and disease management services from nurses, yet specialized training in chronic diseases is not currently part of standard nursing degree programs. Given the evolving epidemiology of the Thailand population, we questioned whether practicing nurses remain confident in their knowledge and skills in chronic disease management. We conducted a cross‐sectional, self‐efficacy survey of nurses in eight rand...
Source: Nursing and Health Sciences - February 3, 2012 Category: Nursing Authors: Nicholas D. KaufmanBenjaporn RajataramyaSaengchom TanomsinghDavid L. RonisKathleen Potempa Source Type: research
Establishing a web-based integrated surveillance system for early detection of infectious disease epidemic in rural China: a field experimental studyEmail this article to a colleague.
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DiscussionAlthough syndromic surveillance system has mostly established in developed areas, there are opportunities and advantages of developing it in rural China. The project will contribute to knowledge, experience and evidence on the establishment of an integrated surveillance system, which aims to provide early warning of disease epidemics in developing countries. (Source: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making - Latest articles - February 3, 2012 Category: Information Technology Authors: Wei-rong YanShao-fa NieBiao XuHeng-jin DongLars PalmVinod Diwan Source Type: research
Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in Hong Kong Chinese: a population study using proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transient elastographyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion
NAFLD is found in over a quarter of the general adult Chinese population, but the proportion of patients with advanced fibrosis is low. Modest alcohol consumption does not increase the risk of fatty liver or liver fibrosis. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - February 3, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Wong, V. W.-S., Chu, W. C.-W., Wong, G. L.-H., Chan, R. S.-M., Chim, A. M.-L., Ong, A., Yeung, D. K.-W., Yiu, K. K.-L., Chu, S. H.-T., Woo, J., Chan, F. K.-L., Chan, H. L.-Y. Tags: Cirrhosis, Nonalcoholic steatosis Hepatology Source Type: research
Bronchial And Alveolar Nitric Oxide In Exercise‐Induced Bronchoconstriction In Asthmatic ChildrenEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:Our results suggest that inflammation is present in the central and peripheral airways and that it is associated with the severity of EIB. Clinicaltrials.govNCT00952835© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd (Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy - February 3, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Iolanda ChinellatoMichele PiazzaDiego PeroniMarco SandriFerdinando ChiorazzoAttilio L BonerGiorgio Piacentini Tags: Original Article‐Asthma and Rhinitis Source Type: research
The Authors ReplyEmail this article to a colleague.
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(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Elovainio, M., Ferrie, J. E., Singh-Manoux, A., Shipley, M., Batty, G. D., Head, J., Hamer, M., Jokela, M., Virtanen, M., Brunner, E. J., Marmot, M. G., Kivimaki, M. Tags: LETTER Source Type: research
Re: "Socioeconomic Differences in Cardiometabolic Factors: Social Casusation or Health-Related Selection? Evidence from the Whitehall II Cohort Study, 1991-2004"Email this article to a colleague.
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(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Ruktanonchai, N. Tags: LETTER Source Type: research
A Comparison of Self-Reported Analgesic Use and Detection of Urinary Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen Metabolites by Means of Metabonomics: The INTERMAP StudyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Information on dietary supplements, medications, and other xenobiotics in epidemiologic surveys is usually obtained from questionnaires and is subject to recall and reporting biases. The authors used metabolite data obtained from hydrogen-1 (or proton) nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analysis of human urine specimens from the International Study of Macro-/Micro-Nutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP Study) to validate self-reported analgesic use. Metabolic profiling of two 24-hour urine specimens per individual was carried out for 4,630 participants aged 40–59 years from 17 population samples in Japan, China, the...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Loo, R. L., Chan, Q., Brown, I. J., Robertson, C. E., Stamler, J., Nicholson, J. K., Holmes, E., Elliott, P., for the INTERMAP Research Group Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
Taking Advantage of the Strengths of 2 Different Dietary Assessment Instruments to Improve Intake Estimates for Nutritional EpidemiologyEmail this article to a colleague.
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With the advent of Internet-based 24-hour recall (24HR) instruments, it is now possible to envision their use in cohort studies investigating the relation between nutrition and disease. Understanding that all dietary assessment instruments are subject to measurement errors and correcting for them under the assumption that the 24HR is unbiased for usual intake, here the authors simultaneously address precision, power, and sample size under the following 3 conditions: 1) 1–12 24HRs; 2) a single calibrated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); and 3) a combination of 24HR and FFQ data. Using data from the Eating at Americ...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Carroll, R. J., Midthune, D., Subar, A. F., Shumakovich, M., Freedman, L. S., Thompson, F. E., Kipnis, V. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
Credible Mendelian Randomization Studies: Approaches for Evaluating the Instrumental Variable AssumptionsEmail this article to a colleague.
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As with other instrumental variable (IV) analyses, Mendelian randomization (MR) studies rest on strong assumptions. These assumptions are not routinely systematically evaluated in MR applications, although such evaluation could add to the credibility of MR analyses. In this article, the authors present several methods that are useful for evaluating the validity of an MR study. They apply these methods to a recent MR study that used fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genotype as an IV to estimate the effect of obesity on mental disorder. These approaches to evaluating assumptions for valid IV analyses are not fail-safe, ...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Glymour, M. M., Tchetgen Tchetgen, E. J., Robins, J. M. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
Regression Calibration When Foods (Measured With Error) Are the Variables of Interest: Markedly Non-Gaussian Data With Many ZeroesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Regression calibration has been described as a means of correcting effects of measurement error for normally distributed dietary variables. When foods are the items of interest, true distributions of intake are often positively skewed, may contain many zeroes, and are usually not described by well-known statistical distributions. The authors considered the validity of regression calibration assumptions where data are non-Gaussian. Such data (including many zeroes) were simulated, and use of the regression calibration algorithm was evaluated. An example used data from Adventist Health Study 2 (2002–2008). In this spec...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Fraser, G. E., Stram, D. O. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil): Objectives and DesignEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this report, the authors delineate the study’s objectives, principal methodological features, and timeline. At baseline, ELSA-Brasil enrolled 15,105 civil servants from 5 universities and 1 research institute. The baseline examination (2008–2010) included detailed interviews, clinical and anthropometric examinations, an oral glucose tolerance test, overnight urine collection, a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram, measurement of carotid intima-media thickness, echocardiography, measurement of pulse wave velocity, hepatic ultrasonography, retinal fundus photography, and an analysis of heart rate variability. Lo...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Aquino, E. M. L., Barreto, S. M., Bensenor, I. M., Carvalho, M. S., Chor, D., Duncan, B. B., Lotufo, P. A., Mill, J. G., Molina, M. D. C., Mota, E. L. A., Azeredo Passos, V. M., Schmidt, M. I., Szklo, M. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
A Nationwide Cohort Study on the Incidence of Meningioma in Women Using Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy in FinlandEmail this article to a colleague.
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The authors conducted a nationwide cohort study to evaluate the association between postmenopausal hormone therapy and meningioma incidence in Finland. All women who had used hormone therapy at least for 6 months at the age of 50 years or older during 1994–2009 were included. Women who had used postmenopausal hormone therapy were identified from the medical reimbursement register of the Social Insurance Institution (131,480 estradiol users and 131,248 estradiol-progestin users), and meningioma cases were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. During the average 9 years of follow-up, 289 estradiol users and 196 ...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Korhonen, K., Auvinen, A., Lyytinen, H., Ylikorkala, O., Pukkala, E. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
Mortality Among Young Injection Drug Users in San Francisco: A 10-Year Follow-up of the UFO StudyEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study examined associations between mortality and demographic and risk characteristics among young injection drug users in San Francisco, California, and compared the mortality rate with that of the population. A total of 644 young (<30 years) injection drug users completed a baseline interview and were enrolled in a prospective cohort study, known as the UFO ("U Find Out") Study, from November 1997 to December 2007. Using the National Death Index, the authors identified 38 deaths over 4,167 person-years of follow-up, yielding a mortality rate of 9.1 (95% confidence interval: 6.6, 12.5) per 1,000 person-years. This...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Evans, J. L., Tsui, J. I., Hahn, J. A., Davidson, P. J., Lum, P. J., Page, K. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
Passive Cigarette Smoke Exposure During Various Periods of Life, Genetic Variants, and Breast Cancer Risk Among Never SmokersEmail this article to a colleague.
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The association between passive cigarette smoke exposure and breast cancer risk is inconclusive and may be modified by genotype. The authors investigated lifetime passive cigarette smoke exposures, 36 variants in 12 carcinogen-metabolizing genes, and breast cancer risk among Ontario, Canada, women who had never smoked (2003–2004). DNA (saliva) was available for 920 breast cancer cases and 960 controls. Detailed information about passive smoke exposure was collected for multiple age periods (childhood, teenage years, and adulthood) and environments (home, work, and social). Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence inte...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Anderson, L. N., Cotterchio, M., Mirea, L., Ozcelik, H., Kreiger, N. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
Is Childhood Asthma Associated With Educational Level and Longest-Held Occupation?Email this article to a colleague.
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Children with asthma can experience chronic morbidity that may interfere with education and career progression. The authors investigated retrospectively whether a history of childhood asthma is associated with educational level and longest-held occupation, by gender. Cross-sectional analysis included a nationally representative sample of 10,452 adults aged ≥20 years who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2004). Logistic regression was used to assess associations between a childhood-asthma history and educational level, employment, and longest-held occupation. An estimated...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Mazurek, J. M., Schleiff, P. L., Henneberger, P. K. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
Invited Commentary: Biomarkers of Exposure to Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products--Are We Ready Yet?Email this article to a colleague.
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Studies of the relation between exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products and pregnancy outcomes have been limited by the complexity of the exposure itself (consisting of hundreds of different chemicals), the diverse pathways contributing to exposure, and the difficulty in assessing behavioral determinants of exposure. Therefore, exposure biomarkers offer great promise of enhancing exposure assessment, the limiting factor in the quality and conclusiveness of epidemiologic studies. However, there are significant conceptual and logistical challenges in developing biomarkers for the various constituents of concern t...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Savitz, D. A. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
Environmental and Urinary Markers of Prenatal Exposure to Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products, Fetal Growth, and Duration of Gestation in the PELAGIE Birth Cohort (Brittany, France, 2002-2006)Email this article to a colleague.
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Although prenatal exposure to water disinfection by-products does not appear to affect the duration of gestation, its impact on fetal growth remains an open question. The authors studied the associations between prenatal exposure to disinfection by-products and fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm birth in the PELAGIE cohort, a French birth cohort comprising 3,421 pregnant women recruited between 2002 and 2006. Exposure was assessed by estimating levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) in tap water during pregnancy and maternal water use and by measuring maternal urinary levels of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) during early pr...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Costet, N., Garlantezec, R., Monfort, C., Rouget, F., Gagniere, B., Chevrier, C., Cordier, S. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
Bias in Observational Studies of Prevalent Users: Lessons for Comparative Effectiveness Research From a Meta-Analysis of StatinsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are usually the preferred strategy with which to generate evidence of comparative effectiveness, but conducting an RCT is not always feasible. Though observational studies and RCTs often provide comparable estimates, the questioning of observational analyses has recently intensified because of randomized-observational discrepancies regarding the effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on coronary heart disease. Reanalyses of observational data that excluded prevalent users of hormone replacement therapy led to attenuated discrepancies, which begs the question of whether exclus...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Danaei, G., Tavakkoli, M., Hernan, M. A. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
Anti-Mullerian Hormone: A Potential New Tool in Epidemiologic Studies of Female FecundabilityEmail this article to a colleague.
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The objective of the present commentary is to suggest that epidemiologists explore the use of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as a new measurement tool in fecundability studies. The authors briefly summarize the advantages and limitations of the 3 current approaches to studies of fecundability. All 3 approaches involve the collection of time-to-pregnancy or attempt-time data, and most are limited to participants who plan their pregnancies. AMH is produced by ovarian follicles during their early growth stages and is measured clinically to assess ovarian reserve (the number of remaining oocytes). Unlike time to pregnancy, ...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Baird, D. D., Steiner, A. Z. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research
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(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 3, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Tags: OTHER Source Type: research
