Forensic Medicine
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.
Practical experience in post-mortem tissue donation in consideration of the European tissue law
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Abstract In consequence of the European guidelines of safety and quality standards for the donation, retrieval, storing and distribution
of human tissues and cells the purpose of tissue transplantation was implemented into German legislation in May 2007. The
law came into effect on August 1st 2007 considering of the European rules. The Institutes for Legal Medicine of the University
of Frankfurt/Main and the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf developed a model for tissue retrieval. The Institute
of Legal Medicine (I.f.R.) at the University Medical Center Hamburg cooperates with the German Institute ...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - November 13, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals
To hold or not to holdEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory CommentaryDOI 10.1007/s12024-009-9123-7Authors
Andrew M. Baker, Hennepin County Medical Examiner’s Office 530 Chicago Avenue Minneapolis MN 55415 USALaura Crandall, The Sudden Unexplained Death in Childhood Program, A Program of the CJ Foundation for SIDS 800-620-SUDC Hackensack NJ USA
Journal Forensic Science, Medicine, and PathologyOnline ISSN 1556-2891Print ISSN 1547-769X (Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology)
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - November 12, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals
Statistical Discrimination of Footwear: A Method for the Comparison of Accidentals on Shoe Outsoles Inspired by Facial Recognition Techniques.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study is intended to be a starting point for future research to build statistical models on the formation and evolution of accidental patterns.
PMID: 19895540 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences)
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 5, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Petraco ND, Gambino C, Kubic TA, Olivio D, Petraco N Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
The Intergenerational Cycle of Criminality-Association with Psychopathy*Email this article to a colleague.
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Preventive interventions early in life are likely to lower the risk of intergenerational transmission of criminal behavior. We investigated if psychopathy among homicidal offenders is associated with criminal offending among the offenders' offspring. The basic sample consisted of consecutive Finnish homicide offenders (during 1995-2004) who had been subjected to a forensic psychiatric examination and rated for a file-based PCL-R, and their offspring. Criminal behavior among both genders of the offspring was more common than in the general population. In general, the offspring's crimes against others (e.g., threat, inti...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 5, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Repo-Tiihonen E, Tiihonen J, Lindberg N, Weizmann-Henelius G, Putkonen H, Häkkänen H Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
Cardiac Injuries Caused by Blunt Trauma: An Autopsy Based Assessment of the Injury Pattern.Email this article to a colleague.
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Nonpenetrating chest trauma with injury to the heart and aorta has become increasingly common, particularly as a result of rapid deceleration in high-speed vehicular accidents, over the past 2-3 decades. The high mortality rate of cardiac injuries and possible late onset complications make blunt cardiac injuries an important challenging point for legal medicine. One hundred and ninety cases with blunt cardiac injuries in a period of 3 years were analyzed retrospectively in terms of patterns of cardiac injury, survival times, and demographic profiles of the cases in this study.
PMID: 19895542 [PubMed - as supplied b...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 5, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Turan AA, Karayel FA, Akyildiz E, Pakis I, Uzun I, Gurpinar K, Atılmıs U, Kir Z Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
Debugging Decomposition Data-Comparative Taphonomic Studies and the Influence of Insects and Carcass Size on Decomposition Rate.Email this article to a colleague.
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Comparison of data from a variety of environments and ambient temperatures has previously been difficult as few studies used standardized measures of time/temperature and decomposition. In this paper, data from previous studies and recent experiments are compared using simple conversions. These conversions allow comparison across multiple environments and experiments for the first time. Plotting decomposition score against logADD allows the exponential progression of decomposition to be expressed as a simple linear equation. Data comparison from many environments and temperatures shows no difference in decomposition pr...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 5, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Simmons T, Adlam RE, Moffatt C Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
Study: The Lack of Significant Association of the Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) Gene Polymorphism in Violent Offenders with Mental Retardation.Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, the COMT gene genotype distribution and allele frequency is not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). This result suggests that the H/L polymorphism of the COMT gene does not show an association with the potential of "commits-violent offense" of Turkish subjects with mental retardation, compared with control group.
PMID: 19895544 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences)
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 5, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Isir AB, Dai AI, Nacak M, Gorucu S Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
Identification of historical specimens and wildlife seizures originating from highly degraded sources of kangaroos and other macropodsEmail this article to a colleague.
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We describe a method and new primers to amplify three small DNA fragments
of the cytochrome b region of the mitochondrial DNA that are suitable for marsupial species identification from degraded sources, such as wildlife
seizures. They were designed as consensus sequences from a comparison of 21 marsupial species. The primers also contained
sequences intended specifically not to amplify human DNA, thereby reducing the likelihood of amplifying contaminants. Examples
of the utility of these primers are given using a range of conditions that may be applied using such an approach, including
(1) field-collected sub-fossil ...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - November 4, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals
Basil RuDusky: Forensic cardiovascular medicineEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewDOI 10.1007/s12024-009-9118-4Authors
L. Maximilian Buja, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston 7000 Fannin, Suite 1715 Houston TX 77030 USA
Journal Forensic Science, Medicine, and PathologyOnline ISSN 1556-2891Print ISSN 1547-769X (Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology)
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - November 2, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals
Digital image analysis of fingernail colour in cadavers comparing carbon monoxide poisoning to controlsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study sought to objectively determine by using
digital image analysis if a color difference occurred between the fingernails of a group of cadavers with carbon monoxide
poisoning compared to a group of controls. The fingernails of the carbon monoxide group did tend to be more red than the controls,
but due to overlap between the two groups assessment of the fingernails cannot be recommended as a rapid screening test.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12024-009-9122-8Authors
Neil E. I. Langlois, University of Adelaide Forensic Science SA 21 Divett Place Adelaide 5000 SA Australia...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - November 2, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals
Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague.
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(Source: Legal Medicine)
Source: Legal Medicine - November 1, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: journals
The identification of a human skull recovered from an eBay sale.Email this article to a colleague.
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A human skull seized by the State of Louisiana from an eBay sale is analyzed. Bioarchaeological analyses of age-at-death, sex, and population affinity suggest the individual represented by the skull was a middle-aged Native American female. The presence of intentional cranial modification independently supports the population affinity assessment while confounding the metric analyses. However, no further specificity as to population affinity could be inferred using existing methods and comparative databases. Sedimentological and palynological analyses were attempted to redress this impasse. The presence of fine-grained ...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 1, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Seidemann RM, Stojanowski CM, Rich FJ Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
Body height measurements in images.Email this article to a colleague.
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For any measurement of a person's height in an image, a difference exists between the actual height of the person and the image measurement. In order to gain knowledge about statistical behavior of differences between actual and measured heights it is necessary to make reference recordings, e.g., of test persons under the same recording conditions. To test whether the differences are dependent on camera and further circumstances, an experiment was set up which involved the measurement of 22 test persons using three cameras of varying quality. Reproducibility of measurements per image appears to be strongly dependent on...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 1, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Hoogeboom B, Alberink I, Goos M Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
Morbidity involving the hallucinogenic designer amines MDA and 2C-I.Email this article to a colleague.
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This report demonstrates the utility of testing for a wider menu of compounds using LC-MS/MS in order to better characterize the prevalence and toxicities of novel amines such as 2C-I.
PMID: 19878416 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences)
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 1, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Drees JC, Stone JA, Wu AH Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
Commentary on: Authors' response [J Forensic Sci 2009;54(2):501] to Wells' comments [J Forensic Sci 2009;54(2):500] regarding Krane DE, Ford S, Gilder JR, Inman K, Jamieson A, Koppl R, Kornfield IL, Risinger DM, Rudin N, Taylor MS, Thompson WC. Sequential unmasking: a means of minimizing observer effects in forensic DNA interpretation.Email this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 1, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Authors' response [J Forensic Sci 2009;54(2):501] to Wells' comments [J Forensic Sci 2009;54(2):500] regarding Krane DE, Ford S, Gilder JR, Inman K, Jamieson A, Koppl R, Kornfield IL, Risinger DM, Rudin N, Taylor MS, Thompson WC. Sequential unmasking: a m Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
Dog attack: the application of canine DNA profiling in forensic caseworkEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract More than 100,000 dog attacks occur each year in Australia and many go unsolved. Dog attacks are not only a cause of human
injury but may also involve injury and death to family pets, prized livestock and wildlife. Canine biological evidence can
often be left behind on a victim or at the scene of an attack. Our laboratory provides canine DNA profiling for forensic investigations,
utilising an in-house panel of 11 canine-specific autosomal short tandem repeat markers previously validated for use in casework.
Case studies will be presented that outline methods for sampling of suspected canine biologic...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - October 29, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals
Brenda L. Waters (ed.): Handbook of autopsy practice, 4th ednEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Book ReviewDOI 10.1007/s12024-009-9112-xAuthors
Jan P. Sperhake, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Department of Legal Medicine Butenfeld 34 22529 Hamburg Germany
Journal Forensic Science, Medicine, and PathologyOnline ISSN 1556-2891Print ISSN 1547-769X (Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology)
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals
Stuart L. Houser, M.D.: The Operated Heart at AutopsyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Book ReviewDOI 10.1007/s12024-009-9113-9Authors
Claas T. Buschmann, University Medical Centre Charité Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences Turmstr. 21, Building L 10559 Berlin Germany
Journal Forensic Science, Medicine, and PathologyOnline ISSN 1556-2891Print ISSN 1547-769X (Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology)
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals
Study of the Cytochrome b Gene Sequence in Populations of Taiwan.Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, there are sufficient sequence polymorphisms of the MTCYB gene in individuals of different populations, which may be used in the analyses of human ethnic groups in forensic casework.
PMID: 19874441 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences)
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - October 23, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Hwa HL, Ko TM, Chen YC, Chang YY, Tseng LH, Su YN, Lee JC Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
Retinal hemorrhages associated with meningitis in a child with a congenital disorder of glycosylationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract A 9-month old infant presented in a state of shock to a district hospital. She was subsequently referred to the regional tertiary
hospital. On admission, bruises were noted on the vertex of the skull. Retinal hemorrhages were present on ophthalmological
examination. CT scan of the brain showed poor grey–white matter differentiation with apparent frontoparietal fractures of
the skull. Her case was subsequently referred to the relevant authorities as it was suspicious for nonaccident injury (NAI).
Her condition deteriorated and she died the next day. Postmortem examination showed that the bruises on...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - October 22, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals
Using accumulated degree-days to estimate postmortem interval from the DNA yield of porcine skeletal muscleEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study focused on the exposure
of skeletal muscle tissue to a coastal environment. Two specimens of Sus domesticus, each weighing ~45 kg, were placed above ground to decompose over time. One pig was sampled over the summer season (December
to February) and the other specimen during the winter season (June to August). Both the summer and winter pig studies were
conducted in Drummond Cove, on the Mid West coast of Western Australia. Samples of muscle were collected at 2 day intervals
for the summer and winter pigs. The daily maximum and minimum environmental temperature and humidity was recorded. Although
...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - October 22, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals
A patterned abrasion on the neck of an infant: inflicted injury or not?Email this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSISDOI 10.1007/s12024-009-9111-yAuthors
Neil E. I. Langlois, University of Adelaide Forensic Science 21 Divett Place Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
Journal Forensic Science, Medicine, and PathologyOnline ISSN 1556-2891Print ISSN 1547-769X (Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology)
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - October 16, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals
Infiltrating carcinoma of the breast mimicking electrocutionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSISDOI 10.1007/s12024-009-9110-zAuthors
Roger W. Byard, The University of Adelaide Discipline of Pathology Level 3 Medical School North Building, Frome Road Adelaide 5005 Australia
Journal Forensic Science, Medicine, and PathologyOnline ISSN 1556-2891Print ISSN 1547-769X (Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology)
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - October 16, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals
Imaginary Penalities. Edited by Pat Carlen (Cullompton, Devon: Willan, 2008, 332pp. {pound}25.00)Email this article to a colleague.
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(Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues)
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Ruggiero, V. Tags: book-review Source Type: journals
Victims of Crime: Policy and Practice in Criminal Justice. By Matthew Hall (Devon: Willan, 2009, 262pp. {pound}38.00 hb)Email this article to a colleague.
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(Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues)
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Walklate, S. Tags: book-review Source Type: journals
A History of Murder: Personal Violence in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Present. By Pieter Spierenburg (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-7456-4378-6. {pound}17.99)Email this article to a colleague.
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(Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues)
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Seal, L. Tags: book-review Source Type: journals
The Currency of Justice: Fines and Damages in Consumer Societies. By Pat O'Malley (Abingdon and New York: Routledge-Cavendish, 2009, ix + 187pp. {pound}22.99)Email this article to a colleague.
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(Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues)
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Carlen, P. Tags: book-review Source Type: journals
Unequal Crime Decline: Theorising Race, Urban Inequality and Criminal Violence. By Karen F. Parker (New York: NYU, 2008, 163pp. {pound}35.50)Email this article to a colleague.
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(Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues)
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Antonopoulos, G. A., Papanicolaou, G. Tags: book-review Source Type: journals
Out There/in Here: Masculinitiy, Violence and Prisoning. By Elizabeth Comack (Halifax Winnipeg: Fernwood Publishing, 2008, 160pp. {pound}12.26)Email this article to a colleague.
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(Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues)
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Earle, R. Tags: book-review Source Type: journals
Policing and Crime Control in Post-Apartheid South Africa. By Anne-Marie Singh (Ashgate: Aldershot, 2008, 158pp. {pound}50.00)Email this article to a colleague.
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(Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues)
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Dixon, B. Tags: book-review Source Type: journals
Police Occupational Culture: New Debates and Directions. Edited by M. O'Neill, M. Marks and A.-M. Singh (Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI Press, 2007, 393pp. {pound}59.00 hb)Email this article to a colleague.
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(Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues)
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Stenning, P. Tags: book-review Source Type: journals
Mothers for Justice?: Gender and Campaigns against Miscarriages of JusticeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Miscarriages of justice are often only exposed through the extra-judicial activities of parties determined to fight for a particular cause, involving those closest to victims of miscarriages of justice. This paper examines the role of women, and particularly of mothers, in such justice campaigns and the extent to which there is a gendered dimension to campaigns against injustice. Based on interviews with those closely associated with justice campaigns, the paper argues that women tend to occupy a special, powerful place in campaigns against miscarriages of justice, one interwoven with familial relationships. The paper proc...
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Charman, S., Savage, S. P. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals
What Works for Women?: A Comparison of Community-Based General Offending Programme CompletionEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study uses multivariate statistical techniques on national data for 2006–07 to examine the characteristics significantly predicting completion rates for General Offending Programmes. In particular, it uses criminogenic factors from the OASys risk-assessment tool to identify the features predicting compliance, as captured by the Interim Accredited Programmes System (IAPS), and determine whether they differ between men and women. The results show significant variation between the women and men in the predictors of programme completion. The practical implications of these for research, policy and practice are discu...
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Martin, J., Kautt, P., Gelsthorpe, L. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals
Reconsidering the Theory on Adolescent-Limited and Life-Course Persistent Anti-Social BehaviourEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article presents a critical review of the taxonomic theory of adolescent-limited and life-course persistent anti-social behaviour (Moffitt 1993) and its empirical evidence. This influential theory suggests that there are two qualitatively distinct types of offenders that require distinct theoretical explanations. Moreover, the empirical evidence for the typology is considered to be strong, at least by some. I discuss along three lines: first, to what extent the taxonomy should be interpreted literally; second, whether the suggested mechanisms are likely to produce the hypothesized groups; third, whether some of the mo...
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Skardhamar, T. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals
Embodying Uncertainty?: Understanding Heightened Risk Perception of Drink 'Spiking'Email this article to a colleague.
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There is a stark contrast between heightened perceptions of risk associated with drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) and a lack of evidence that this is a widespread threat. Through surveys and interviews with university students in the United Kingdom and United States, we explore knowledge and beliefs about drink-spiking and the linked threat of sexual assault. University students in both locations are not only widely sensitized to the issue, but substantial segments claim first- or second-hand experience of particular incidents. We explore students’ understanding of the DFSA threat in relationship to their attit...
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Burgess, A., Donovan, P., Moore, S. E. H. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals
Public Health and Fear of Crime: A Prospective Cohort StudyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Public insecurities about crime are widely assumed to erode individual well-being and community cohesion. Yet, robust evidence on the link between worry about crime and health is surprisingly scarce. This paper draws on data from a prospective cohort study (the Whitehall II study) to show a strong statistical effect of mental health and physical functioning on worry about crime. Combining with existing evidence, we suggest a feedback model in which worry about crime harms health, which, in turn, serves to heighten worry about crime. We conclude with the idea that, while fear of crime may express a whole set of social and p...
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Jackson, J., Stafford, M. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals
Governing Through Anti-social Behaviour: Regulatory Challenges to Criminal JusticeEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article argues that the language of regulation has been appropriated and deployed to cloak and legitimize ambitious (yet ambiguous) bouts of hyper-active state interventionism. These may have more to do with quests to demonstrate government's capacity to be seen to be doing something tangible about public anxieties than with meaningful behavioural change. Rather, regulatory ideas are being used to circumvent and erode established criminal justice principles, notably those of due process, proportionality and special protections traditionally afforded to young people. Consequently, novel technologies of control have res...
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Crawford, A. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals
Community Policing or Zero Tolerance?: Preferences of Police Officers from 22 Countries in TransitionEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study is the first of a two paper series on the relationship between democratization and police attitudes, preferences and behaviours. This study reports the results of a pilot study of 315 police supervisors from 22 transitioning nations asking about their preferences towards two different styles of crime prevention—community-oriented policing and zero tolerance approaches. The results indicate that the officers from countries more democratically consolidated tend to have stronger relative preferences towards community-oriented policing over zero tolerance styles. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues)
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Lum, C. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals
Social Control in the Face Of Security and Minority Threats: The Effects of Terrorism, Minority Threat and Economic Crisis on the Law Enforcement System in IsraelEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study focuses on a combination of security, minority and economic threats that occurred concurrently during the Second Intifada in Israel and their impact on social control. The Israeli situation provides a unique opportunity for implementing the natural experiment approach. This study was based on an interrupted time-series analysis of a restricted time period, namely 1995–2005. ARMA models were used to examine the effects of Intifada period, terrorist attacks, unemployment rates and ethnic origin on pre-trial detention rates. The findings support the minority threat hypothesis. A strong and statistically signi...
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Sela-Shayovitz, R. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals
Aggravating Racism and Elusive MotivationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Since the implementation of the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act, courts in England and Wales have seen an increase in the number of racially aggravated charges brought before them. However, the extent to which racism is central, rather than ancillary to, the offences prosecuted under this law remains contested, both in individual legal cases and in criminological writing about hate and bias-motivated crime. Using the narrative accounts of one man convicted of perpetrating a racially aggravated assault, this article outlines how important it is to engage with the complexity of motivation as it is perceived by offenders and the ...
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Gadd, D. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals
'I'm a Muslim, but I'm not a Terrorist': Victimization, Risky Identities and the Performance of SafetyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Since the events of 11 September 2001, Muslim minority groups have been subjected to pervasive scrutiny in the United Kingdom. The 7 July 2005 attacks have led to young Muslims’ being party to intensified modes of monitoring, surveillance and intervention by crime and security agencies. The introduction of multiple forms of counter-terrorism regulation by the state has been underpinned by discourses of (in)security, which have defined British Muslims en bloc as a risky, suspect population. Against this wider backdrop, this paper presents the findings from a study investigating the effects of these processes on young ...
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Mythen, G., Walklate, S., Khan, F. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals
'We Are Going to Rape You and Taste Tutsi Women': Rape during the 1994 Rwandan GenocideEmail this article to a colleague.
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Over the past decades, scholars have paid greater attention to sexual violence, in both theorization and empirical analysis. One area that has been largely ignored, however, is sexual violence during times of armed conflict. This paper examines the nature and dynamics of sexual violence as it occurred during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Drawing upon testimonies given to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), descriptions of rapes—both singular and mass—were qualitatively analysed. In general, three broad types of assaults were identified: opportunistic assaults, which seemed to be a product of the...
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Mullins, C. W. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals
More descriptive sub-coding for the source or place of carbon monoxide poisoning would be required for the revision of ICD-11Email this article to a colleague.
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We examined the statistics of accidental and suicidal death due to CO poisoning with reference to gender, age, month and place from The vital statistics submitted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan . The statistics show an increase in the number of lethal CO poisoning accidents from 1998 to 2007. Approximately two thirds of the accidental CO poisoning occurs during cold season (from November to April), and more than half at home. There have been many news reports on CO poisoning due to defects in household gas appliances, and manufacturer’s negligence, but the statistics do not tell the truth. (Source: Legal Medicine)
Source: Legal Medicine - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Hiroshi Kinoshita, Koichi Terazawa, Yasuhiro Aoki, Masahito Hitosugi, Haruo Yamanouchi, Emiko Oikawa, Kazushi Yamauchi, Ken-ichi Yoshida Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: journals
A fatal case of myocardial damage due to misuse of the “designer drug” MDMAEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: A 39-year-old woman collapsed after oral intake of 3,4-methylenedioxymethyl-amphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”). After ingestion of the drug, she had felt persistent discomfort in her anterior chest area, and lost consciousness for a few minutes on the following morning. She was transported to a hospital and died seven days after collapse. A serum sample obtained on admission revealed an MDMA concentration of 1.2mg/L, but no evidence of any other drug including amphetamine, methamphetamine, or other ring-substituted amphetamines. Microscopic examination at autopsy revealed striking changes in the heart, including s...
Source: Legal Medicine - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Rie Sano, Toshikazu Hasuike, Minoru Nakano, Yoshihiko Kominato, Hideaki Itoh Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals
C-fos, fos-B, c-jun and dusp-1 expression in the mouse heart after single and repeated methamphetamine administrationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: In forensic autopsy, there are numerous sudden methamphetamine (MA)-related deaths. The concentration of MA in the blood is measured to determine the cause of death in case of MA-related death. As a low concentration of MA is detected in MA-related death cases, it is sometimes difficult to identify to the cause of death. MA abusers often exhibit various cardiovascular diseases. MA induces arrhythmia and morphological change in cultured cardiomyocytes. Therefore, MA might affect heart cells, especially in terms of gene expression. Immediate early genes (IEGs) are expressed before some specific gene expressions fol...
Source: Legal Medicine - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Aya Matsuo, Kazuya Ikematsu, Ichiro Nakasono Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
Frequency, types and causes of intraventricular haemorrhage in lethal blunt head injuriesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: Autopsy findings and neuropathological examination of formalin-fixed brains in 676 deaths due to blunt head injury, here with special attention to injuries of the inner (periventricular) cerebral structures and haemorrhages into the ventricles.Intraventricular haemorrhage of any degree was present in 17.6%, considering only distinct and massive haemorrhage in 10% of all cases. Considering the types of trauma, the frequency was lowest in ground level falls and highest in traffic accidents (pedestrians with head contact to the car) – indicating a relation between the severity of impacts and the likelihood of vent...
Source: Legal Medicine - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: H. Maxeiner, Cynthia Schirmer Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
A study of neutrophil as a morphological marker of death from hemorrhagic shock in forensic practice casesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: Excessive autolytic inflammation accompanied by dysfunction of “shock organs” is recognized as arising from hemorrhagic shock due to the promotion of endovascular recruitment of neutrophils. Here, activated neutrophils in the organs of autopsy cases were evaluated as a marker of death from hemorrhagic shock. Morphologically-determined injury to the heart, lung, liver, and kidney was investigated in death from five major causes: hemorrhagic shock, head injury, exsanguination, asphyxia, and drowning. The frequency of activated neutrophils was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. When the antemortem interva...
Source: Legal Medicine - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Hiroaki Sato, Toshiro Kita, Toshiko Tanaka, Kentaro Kasai, Noriyuki Tanaka Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
Walk and Die: An Unusual Presentation of Head Injury.Email this article to a colleague.
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We report three deaths in young adult males following closed blunt trauma to the head and face where the affected individuals were able to walk away from the incident, before subsequently collapsing and dying a short distance from the site of the assault. In each case, due to the rapidity of the posttrauma collapse, the pathologist was faced with a diagnostic difficulty at autopsy; the external examination revealed multiple injuries to the head and face, but internal examinations showed limited findings with no structural explanation for the death. We discuss possible mechanisms that could account for this scenario, the im...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - October 13, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Veevers AE, Lawler W, Rutty GN Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
Fast Multiplexed Polymerase Chain Reaction for Conventional and Microfluidic Short Tandem Repeat Analysis.Email this article to a colleague.
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The time required for short tandem repeat (STR) amplification is determined by the temperature ramp rates of the thermal cycler, the components of the reaction mix, and the properties of the reaction vessel. Multiplex amplifications in microfluidic biochip-based and conventional tube-based thermal cyclers have been demonstrated in 17.3 and 19 min, respectively. Optimized 28-cycle amplification protocols generated alleles with signal strengths above calling thresholds, heterozygous peak height ratios of greater than 0.65, and incomplete nontemplate nucleotide addition and stutter of less than 15%. Full CODIS-compatible ...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - October 13, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Giese H, Lam R, Selden R, Tan E Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
Integrating DSM-IV Factors to Predict Violence in High-Risk Psychiatric Patients.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study incorporated Axis-II and Axis-IV factors in DSM-IV to test the relationship between predicted risk for violence assessed in the psychiatric emergency room and actual violence during hospitalization. Psychiatric nurses lack an objective instrument to use during the acute psychiatric assessment. The retrospective study comprised consecutive psychiatric admissions (n = 161) in one tertiary veterans' hospital. Statistical testing for the predictive power of risk factors, relationships between variables, and violent events included nonparametric tests, factor analysis, and logistic regression. Of the 32 patients who ...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - October 13, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Lynch DM, Noel HC Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals
