Forensic Medicine Research 
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 40.
Issues in the interpretation of postmortem toxicology
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s12024-011-9278-xAuthors
Roger W. Byard, Discipline of Anatomy & Pathology, Level 3 Medical School North Building, The University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, 5005 AustraliaDanielle M. Butzbach, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Journal Forensic Science, Medicine, and PathologyOnline ISSN 1556-2891Print ISSN 1547-769X
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - September 15, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: research
Population genetic study of six closely linked groups of X-STRs in a Japanese populationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract X chromosome STR (X-STR) polymorphisms are a useful tool in the fields of human population genetics and personal identification
and are quite informative in the investigation of complex kinship or deficiency cases, especially where it is necessary to
determine relationships with second-generation offspring in which the same X chromosome may have been inherited. We investigated
eight X-STR systems using the Mentype Argus X-8 kit and further developed decaplex PCR for the DXS10148, DXS10161, DXS10160,
DXS10159, DXS10079, DXS10075, DXS6799, DXS10102, DXS10106, and DXS10146 loci with the aim of construc...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - September 14, 2011 Category: Medical Law Tags: International Journal of Legal Medicine Source Type: research
Acid phosphatase screening — Wetting test paper or wetting fabric and test paper?Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: Detecting and locating semen stains is addressed by identifying the associated acid phosphatase activity of semen. The recovery of semen stains is critical as it can, via DNA testing, address the possible source(s) of the semen and may aid in the interpretation of a case. The purpose of these experiments, carried out on behalf of the Body Fluids Forum, was to consider whether wetting the test paper alone or wetting the semen stained fabric and the test paper affected the detection and location of the semen stains on various fabric types, or the subsequent recovery of spermatozoa from these fabrics. It became evid...
Source: Science and Justice - September 14, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: G. Davidson, T.B. Jalowiecki Tags: Scientific and technical papers Source Type: research
X chromosomal recombination study in three-generation families in HungaryEmail this article to a colleague.
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X chromosome STR studies have a curious role in forensic and population genetics. These markers are present as a single copy in males and as double copies in females. Analysis of X-chromosomal loci can be beneficial in deficient paternity cases, when the offspring is female and the alleged father is missing, or in maternity cases . So far, a very limited number of X recombination and linkage disequilibrium studies (LD) has been published . Hering et al. have analyzed three-generation family studies and Inturri et al. have studied two-generation families in the past. Inturri et al. stated that two-generation family studies ...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics - September 14, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Horolma Pamjav, Renáta Kugler, Andrea Zalán, Antónia Völgyi, Zsuzsa Straky, Paula Endrédy, Zsolt Kozma Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research
Forensic implications of PCR inhibition—A reviewEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is currently the method of choice for the identification of human remains in forensic coursework. DNA samples from crime scenes often contain co-purified impurities which inhibit PCR. PCR inhibition is the most common cause of PCR failure when adequate copies of DNA are present. Inhibitors have been routinely reported in forensic investigations of DNA extracted from a variety of templates. Humic compounds, a series of substances produced during decay process have been considered as the materials contaminating DNA in soil, natural waters and recent sediments. Those compounds have be...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics - September 14, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Reza Alaeddini Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Precocious subdural haematomaEmail this article to a colleague.
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A 94-year-old man with deterioration to decerebrate posturing (GCS 4) with 3 mm unreactive pupils had CT head imaging (figure 1A) 7 h after a fall. It was decided not to perform a craniotomy given poor neurological prognosis. Figure 1A alone might be interpreted as acute on chronic subdural haematoma. However, a previous unremarkable CT 2 days earlier (figure 1B) suggests that the bleeding was acute/hyperacute, and may have decanted into hyperdense proteinaceous clotting plasma and hypodense extravasated unclotted serum. Such heterogeneous density is known as a ‘swirl’ sign in extradural haematom...
Source: Emergency Medicine Journal - September 14, 2011 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Pereira, E. A. C., Richards, P. G. Tags: Trauma CNS / PNS, Ethics, Trauma, Legal and forensic medicine Images in emergency medicine Source Type: research
Freedom in paradise: Quality of conditional release reports submitted to the Hawaii judiciary.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Annually thousands of insanity acquitees are released from mental hospitals when they are no longer determined to be dangerous. This research examined quality of post-acquittal Conditional Release (CR) reports submitted to the Hawaii Judiciary. Hawaii utilizes a "three panel" system for assessing trial felony competency, criminal responsibility, and conditional release, where typically two psychologists (one Department of Health and one community-based) and one community-based psychiatrist submit independent reports to the Court. One hundred fifty CR reports were rated using a 44-item report quality measur...
Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry - September 13, 2011 Category: Medical Law Authors: Nguyen AH, Acklin MW, Fuger K, Gowensmith WN, Ignacio LA Tags: Int J Law Psychiatry Source Type: research
Suzuki-Miyaura and Negishi Approaches to a Series of Forensically Relevant Pyridines and PyrimidinesEmail this article to a colleague.
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SynthesisDOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1260224AbstractA library of 5-aryl-4-methylpyrimidines, phenyl ring-substituted derivatives of 4-benzylpyrimidines, 2,6-benzylpyridines, and 2,6-dibenzyl-4-methylpyridines were prepared. The synthesis of 5-aryl-4-methylpyrimidines was accomplished by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction between arylboronic acids and 5-bromo-4-methylpyrimidine. The 4-benzylpyrimidines and 2,6-benzylpyridines were synthesized by treatment of 4-bromopyrimidine and 2,6-dibromopyridine derivatives with ring-substituted benzylzinc reagents.[...]© Georg Thieme Verlag
Stuttgart ˙ New YorkArticle in Thieme eJourna...
Source: Synthesis - September 13, 2011 Category: Chemistry Authors: Czarnocki, ZbigniewBłachut, DariuszSzawkało, Joanna Tags: paper Source Type: research
World Health Organization 5-item well-being index: validation of the Brazilian Portuguese versionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The psychological well-being dimension and depressive symptoms are both important variables in an individual’s health. In
this study, we evaluated the World Health Organization 5-item well-being index (WHO-Five) internal and external validities,
and accuracy in detecting depression. A total of 1,128 individuals between 18 and 65 years old from a rural Brazilian population
were included. Cronbach’s alpha and factor analysis were performed for internal validation. Demographic variables means were
compared, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, and sensitivity, specifi...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - September 12, 2011 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Effects of humic acid on DNA quantification with Quantifiler® Human DNA Quantification kit and short tandem repeat amplification efficiencyEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we examined the alteration degree of DNA
quantification results estimated in DNA samples containing a PCR inhibitor by using a Quantifiler® Human DNA Quantification
kit. For experiments, we prepared approximately 0.25 ng/μl DNA samples containing various concentrations of humic acid (HA).
The quantification results were 0.194–0.303 ng/μl at 0–1.6 ng/μl HA (final concentration in the Quantifiler reaction) and
0.003–0.168 ng/μl at 2.4–4.0 ng/μl HA. Most DNA quantity was undetermined when HA concentration was higher than 4.8 ng/μl
HA. The C
T values of an inter...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - September 12, 2011 Category: Medical Law Tags: International Journal of Legal Medicine Source Type: research
CSI: Mother Nature--Forensic Meteorology a New Growth Industry as Weather-Related Damage IntensifiesEmail this article to a colleague.
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As Irene battered the East Coast two weeks ago, Frank Lombardo knew that only after the rain and wind stopped and the floods receded, would his work begin.That's because as a forensic meteorologist, Lombardo is often called on to consult on legal and insurance cases resulting from violent storms . His job, and that of any forensic meteorologist, is to reconstruct the weather conditions that occurred at a specific time and location in question by retrieving and analyzing archived atmospheric data and re-creating a time line of meteorological events. [More]
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - September 12, 2011 Category: Science Tags: Energy & Sustainability,Technology,Society Policy,Climate,More Science,Environment,Everyday Science Source Type: research
A new SNP assay for identification of highly degraded human DNAEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: There is growing evidence that the histone–DNA complexes found in nucleosomes offer protection from DNA degradation processes, including apoptotic events in addition to bacterial and environmental degradation. We sought to locate human nucleosome regions and build a catalogue of SNPs sited near the middle of these genomic segments that could be combined into a single PCR multiplex specifically for use with extremely degraded human genomic DNA samples. Using recently optimized bio-informatics tools for the reliable identification of nucleosome sites based on sequence motifs and their positions relative to known ...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics - September 12, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: A. Freire-Aradas, M. Fondevila, A.-K. Kriegel, C. Phillips, P. Gill, L. Prieto, P.M. Schneider, Á. Carracedo, M.V. Lareu Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Analyzing the uncertainty of simulation results in accident reconstruction with Response Surface MethodologyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: This paper is focused on the uncertainty of simulation results in accident reconstruction. The Upper and Lower Bound Method (ULM) and the Finite Difference Method (FDM), which can be easily applied in this field, are introduced firstly; the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is then introduced into this field as an alternative methodology. In RSM, a sample set is firstly generated via uniform design; secondly, experiments are conducted according to the sample set with the help of simulation methods; thirdly, a response surface model is determined through regression analysis; finally, the uncertainty of simulation...
Source: Forensic Science International - September 12, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Tiefang Zou, Ming Cai, Ronghua Du, Jike Liu Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Raman spectroscopic signature of vaginal fluid and its potential application in forensic body fluid identificationEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we continued to build a full library of body fluid spectroscopic signatures. The problems concerning vaginal fluid stain identification were addressed using Raman spectroscopy coupled with advanced statistical analysis. Calculated characteristic Raman and fluorescent spectral components were used to build a multidimensional spectroscopic signature of vaginal fluid, which demonstrated good specificity and was able to handle heterogeneous samples from different donors.
Source: Forensic Science International - September 12, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Aliaksandra Sikirzhytskaya, Vitali Sikirzhytski, Igor K. Lednev Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Prevalence of ethanol and illicit drugs in road traffic accidents in the centre of Portugal: An eighteen-year updateEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, ethanol was identified as a key factor to traffic accidents, which explains the definition of specific legislation and methods of enforcement to prohibit this form of impairing. Nevertheless, ethanol still remains the psychoactive substance most frequently identified in the blood of divers killed in road-traffic crashes, recommending additional actions of supervision and control.
Source: Forensic Science International - September 12, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Nádia Costa, Rosário Silva, M. Cristina Mendonça, Francisco Corte Real, Duarte Nuno Vieira, Helena M. Teixeira Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
The analysis of substituted cathinones. Part 3. Synthesis and characterisation of 2,3-methylenedioxy substituted cathinonesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: The first synthesis of the 2,3-isomers of MDPV, butylone and methylone is reported. The isomers were characterised by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and compared to the corresponding 3,4-isomers. A GC method is described which separates the 3,4- and the 2,3-isomers from each other. IR spectra of the 2,3-isomers are also compared with the corresponding 3,4-isomers. Two seized drug samples were analysed by GCMS and the samples were found to contain the 3,4-isomers.
Source: Forensic Science International - September 12, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Pierce Kavanagh, John O’Brien, John Fox, Cora O’Donnell, Rachel Christie, John D. Power, Seán D. McDermott Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Unintentional firearm hunting deaths in SwedenEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study examined all unintentional firearm fatalities while hunting that occurred in Sweden between 1983 through 2008. The circumstances as well as the impact of the hunter's exam on fatality frequency were analysed. During these 26 years, there were 48 such fatalities, representing 53% of all (n=90) unintentional firearm deaths during the same period. The average annual number of fatalities decreased over the last few decades. Very restrictive firearm legislation in Sweden combined with the introduction of a mandatory hunter's exam since 1985 accounted, at least partly, for this finding. Moose hunting accounted for 46%...
Source: Forensic Science International - September 12, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Mensura Junuzovic, Anders Eriksson Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Suicide by multiple blunt head traumatisation using a stoneEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: Apart from collisions with road or rail vehicles and falls from height, self inflicted blunt force is a rare suicide method and mainly seen in psychiatric patients. The paper presents a rare case of suicide by active blunt force. A 68-year-old man committed suicide by repeatedly hitting his head with a stone. He sustained a craniocerebral trauma and finally died from hypothermia due to the low outdoor temperature. According to the relatives, the man was not diagnosed with a mental disorder or suicidal tendencies. Uncommon manners of self-harm are challenging for those involved in the investigation, and a differen...
Source: Forensic Science International - September 12, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Annette Thierauf, Sabine Lutz-Bonengel, Timo Sänger, Susanne Vogt, Wolf Rupp, Markus Große Perdekamp Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
The use of the likelihood ratio for evaluative and investigative purposes in comparative forensic handwriting examinationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: This paper extends previous research and discussion on the use of multivariate continuous data, which are about to become more prevalent in forensic science. As an illustrative example, attention is drawn here on the area of comparative handwriting examinations. Multivariate continuous data can be obtained in this field by analysing the contour shape of loop characters through Fourier analysis. This methodology, based on existing research in this area, allows one describe in detail the morphology of character contours throughout a set of variables. This paper uses data collected from female and male writers to co...
Source: Forensic Science International - September 12, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: F. Taroni, R. Marquis, M. Schmittbuhl, A. Biedermann, A. Thiéry, S. Bozza Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Ian George Holden BSc PhD AKC FRIC, 1922–2011Email this article to a colleague.
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At a time when the future of forensic science in the country is undergoing massive uncertainty following the government's decision to close down the Forensic Science Service, it is perhaps appropriate to reflect on the career of Ian Holden that spanned a somewhat different era and whose death occurred in Newbury on 28 June 2011 at the age of 89.
Source: Science and Justice - September 12, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Alan Scaplehorn Tags: Obituaries Source Type: research
Retrospective Review to Determine the Utility of Follow-up Skeletal Surveys in Child Abuse Evaluations when the Initial Skeletal Survey is NormalEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion:
8.5 percent of children with negative initial skeletal surveys had forensically important findings on follow-up skeletal survey that increased the certainty of the diagnosis of non-accidental trauma. A follow-up skeletal survey can be useful even when the initial skeletal survey is negative.Key WordsSkeletal surveyNon-accidental traumaChild AbuseFollow-up
Source: BMC Research Notes - September 12, 2011 Category: Research Authors: Berkeley BennettMichael ChuaMarguerite CareAndrea KachelmeyerMelinda Mahabee-Gittens Source Type: research
Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Forensic Science International - September 11, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Al determination in whole blood samples as AlF via high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry: potential application to forensic diagnosis of drowningEmail this article to a colleague.
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J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2011, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C1JA10183H, PaperMaite Aramendia, Maria R. Florez, Michel Piette, Frank Vanhaecke, Martin ResanoA new methodology for the direct determination of Al in whole blood samples, based on the formation of the AlF diatomic molecule inside a graphite furnace and the monitoring of its molecular absorption, is presented in this paper.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Source: RSC - J. Anal. At. Spectrom. latest articles - September 10, 2011 Category: Chemistry Authors: Maite Aramendia Source Type: research
Diagnostic performance of ethyl glucuronide in hair for the investigation of alcohol drinking behavior: a comparison with traditional biomarkersEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion Hair EtG definitively provides an accurate and reliable diagnostic test for detecting chronic and excessive alcohol consumption.
The proposed cutoff values can serve as reference for future cutoff recommendations for clinical and forensic use.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00414-011-0619-9Authors
Hicham Kharbouche, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne–Geneva, rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, SwitzerlandMohamed Faouzi, Alcohol Treatment Center, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, SwitzerlandNathalie Sanchez, Alcohol Treat...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - September 10, 2011 Category: Medical Law Tags: International Journal of Legal Medicine Source Type: research
Forensic Application of Postmortem Diffusion-Weighted and Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging of the Human Brain in Situ [BRAIN]Email this article to a colleague.
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CONCLUSIONS:
Performing postmortem DWI and DTI of the brain in situ can provide valuable information for application in forensic medicine. ADC could be used as an indicator of PMI and could help in the assessment of the cause of death.
Source: American Journal of Neuroradiology - September 9, 2011 Category: Radiology Authors: Scheurer, E., Lovblad, K.- O., Kreis, R., Maier, S. E., Boesch, C., Dirnhofer, R., Yen, K. Tags: BRAIN Source Type: research
Doctors need better training to recognise and report tortureEmail this article to a colleague.
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Doctors need better training on exactly what constitutes torture and support to blow the whistle when they witness it, says a report from Medact, the UK based health charity, which found that the...
Source: BMJ Online First - September 9, 2011 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Arie, S. Tags: Prison medicine, Other anaesthesia, Confidentiality, Legal and forensic medicine News Source Type: research
A web-based e-learning programme for training external post-mortem examination in curricular medical educationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract In Germany, the external post-mortem examination is considered a medical duty and may be performed by any licensed physician.
Concerning legal medicine as a curricular subject in teaching medical students, the external post-mortem examination is regarded
a core area. At the University of Müenster, 15 virtual cases of death have been developed by using the web-based Inmedea Simulator.
The programme allows performing all relevant steps in executing a complete external post-mortem examination. A particular
importance was attached to the aspect of training users in approaching the subject in a systemat...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - September 8, 2011 Category: Medical Law Tags: International Journal of Legal Medicine Source Type: research
Method to predict the chance of developing a male profile out of mixtures of male and female DNAEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract In forensic examination it is a standard to take vaginal swabs from victims of sexual assault for further molecular genetic
analysis. Laboratories then are usually confronted with mixtures of lots of female and only a small amount of male DNA. Nowadays
it is possible to work with specific Y chromosomal markers after DNA extraction by differential lysis. The determined ratio
of autosomal DNA and Y chromosomal DNA can be used to identify the possibility of generating a male profile in these samples.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Technical NotePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00414-011-0615-0Authors
...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - September 8, 2011 Category: Medical Law Tags: International Journal of Legal Medicine Source Type: research
Suicidal ligature strangulation utilizing cable ties: a report of three casesEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report three instances where cable ties were secured around
the neck in order to commit suicide. All had a history of depression. One was a 37-year-old man who used a belt to complete
the act after an unsuccessful attempt to use cable ties. The second was a 63-year old woman who used multiple cable ties to
accomplish her goal. In the third case a tensioning tool was used by a 54-year old man to tighten a cable tie around his neck
during self strangulation. Utilization of a tool to tighten the cable ties has not previously been reported.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s12024...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - September 8, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: research
General and maladaptive traits and anger in a combined forensic psychiatric and general population sample.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
The present study examines the associations between anger and general and maladaptive traits in a combined forensic psychiatric and community sample of men. Thirty-four male forensic psychiatric patients and 219 men from the general population completed the Novaco Anger Scale (NAS; Novaco, 1994), the NEO-PI-R (Costa & McCrae, 1992), the ADP-IV (Schotte & De Doncker, 1994) and the VKP (Duijsens, Haringsma, & EurelingsBontekoe, 1999) at two measurement occasions with a one-year interval. The results of a series of multiple regression analyses showed that general and maladaptive traits accounted f...
Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry - September 8, 2011 Category: Medical Law Authors: Decuyper M, De Bolle M, De Fruyt F Tags: Int J Law Psychiatry Source Type: research
Massive DNA effort to name 1121 unknown dead of 9/11Email this article to a colleague.
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Forensic scientists have developed new DNA techniques to meet the unprecedented challenge of identifying those who died in the Twin Towers
Source: New Scientist - Genetics - September 7, 2011 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
A model for data analysis of microRNA expression in forensic body fluid identificationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs, 18–25 bases in length) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNA expression patterns, including presence and relative abundance of particular miRNA species, provide cell- and tissue-specific information that can be used for body fluid identification. Recently, two published studies reported that a number of body fluid-specific miRNAs had been identified. However, the results were inconsistent when different technology platforms and statistical methods were applied. To further study the role of miRNAs in identification of body fluids, thi...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics - September 7, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Zheng Wang, Haibo Luo, Xiongfei Pan, Miao Liao, Yiping Hou Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research
Analysis of matches and partial-matches in a Danish STR data setEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: Over the recent years, the national databases of STR profiles have grown in size due to the success of forensic DNA analysis in solving crimes. The accumulation of DNA profiles implies that the probability of a random match or near match of two randomly selected DNA profiles in the database increases.We analysed 53,295 STR profiles from individuals investigated in relation to crime case investigations at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Incomplete STR profiles (437 circa 0.8% of the total), 48 redundant STR profiles from monozygotic twins (0.09%),...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics - September 7, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Torben Tvedebrink, Poul Svante Eriksen, James Michael Curran, Helle Smidt Mogensen, Niels Morling Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Forensic identification of resampling operators: A semi non-intrusive approachEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: Recently, several new resampling operators have been proposed and successfully invalidate the existing resampling detectors. However, the reliability of such anti-forensic techniques is unaware and needs to be investigated. In this paper, we focus on the forensic identification of digital image resampling operators including the traditional type and the anti-forensic type which hides the trace of traditional resampling. Various resampling algorithms involving geometric distortion (GD)-based, dual-path-based and postprocessing-based are investigated. The identification is achieved in the manner of semi non-intrusi...
Source: Forensic Science International - September 7, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Gang Cao, Yao Zhao, Rongrong Ni Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Typing of 30 insertion/deletions in Danes using the first commercial indel kit—Mentype® DIPplexEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we tested the first commercial kit with insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms, the Mentype® DIPplex PCR Amplification Kit (DIPplex kit). A total of 30 biallelic autosomal indels and Amelogenin were amplified with the DIPplex kit. All loci were amplified in one PCR multiplex and all amplicon lengths were shorter than 160bp. Full indel profiles were generated from as little as 100pg of DNA. A total of 117 individuals from Danish paternity cases were successfully typed. No deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was observed for any of the indels. The combined mean match probability was 3.3×10−13, th...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics - September 7, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Susanne Lunøe Friis, Claus Børsting, Eszter Rockenbauer, Lena Poulsen, Stine Frisk Fredslund, Carmen Tomas, Niels Morling Tags: Forensic Population Genetics - Short Communications Source Type: research
Forged seal detection based on the seal overlay metricEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: This paper describes a method for verifying the authenticity of a seal impression imprinted on a document based on the seal overlay metric, which refers to the ratio of an effective seal impression pattern and the noise in the neighborhood of the reference impression region. A reference seal pattern is obtained by taking the average of a number of high-quality impressions of a genuine seal. A target seal impression to be examined, often on paper with some background texts and lines, is segmented out from the background by an adaptive threshold applied to the histogram of color components. The segmented target sea...
Source: Forensic Science International - September 7, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Joong Lee, Seong G. Kong, Young-Soo Lee, Ki-Woong Moon, Oc-Yeub Jeon, Jong Hyun Han, Bong-Woo Lee, Joong-Suk Seo Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder and criminal responsibility.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
The present study empirically investigates whether personality disorders and psychopathic traits in criminal suspects are reasons for diminished criminal responsibility or enforced treatment in high security hospitals. Recently, the tenability of the claim that individuals with personality disorders and psychopathy can be held fully responsible for crimes has been questioned on theoretical bases. According to some interpretations, these disorders are due to cognitive, biological and developmental deficits that diminish the individual's accountability. The current article presents two studies among suspects...
Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry - September 7, 2011 Category: Medical Law Authors: Spaans M, Barendregt M, Haan B, Nijman H, de Beurs E Tags: Int J Law Psychiatry Source Type: research
DNA super-network increases risk of mix-upsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Opening up forensic databases across Europe will make it easier for countries to share data, but it may also lead to miscarriages of justice
Source: New Scientist - Genetics - September 5, 2011 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Dichroism measurements in forensic fibre examination. Part 4—dyed acrylic and acetate fibresEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: A number of dyed acrylic and acetate fibre samples were examined with plane polarized light on their dichroic behavior by optical light microscopy (OLM) and microspectrophotometry with plane polarized light (MSP-PPL). It was found that most of these low birefringent fibres possess weak dichroic effects that are very hard to observe with microscopy. However, using MSP-PPL, the linear dichroism could be measured.A comparison between the dichroic effects found for the same disperse dyes on triacetate (TrAc), diacetate (Ac), polyester (PES) and polyamide (PA) shows that the linear dichroism follows the order: PA>PES >>TrAc, Ac.
Source: Science and Justice - September 5, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: K. De Wael Tags: Scientific and technical papers Source Type: research
Interpreting lineage markers in view of subpopulation effectsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: The interpretation of lineage markers is usually carried out as a count in a database. The count is a factual statement and does not take into account subpopulation effects that may be acting on the data. Subpopulation effects are usually taken into consideration for autosomal DNA genotype interpretation by the incorporation of a correction, θ. The question has arisen as to whether lineage markers should also have such a correction. This paper discusses if and how subpopulation effects could be considered.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics - September 5, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Sarah Cockerton, Kurt McManus, John Buckleton Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) survive burial: Evidence of ascending vertical dispersalEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study was undertaken to determine if immature blow flies could complete development following burial and emerge from the soil as adults. Two species of blow flies, Cochliomyia macellaria and Protophormia terraenovae, were placed at three depths and at three different life stages, in a simulated burial to evaluate the impact of soil on ascending vertical dispersal and fly survival. In soil columns, immature stages of each species were covered with 5, 25 and 50cm of soil. Emerging adult flies of both species reached the surface from all depths at all three immature stages (2nd instar, 3rd instar and pupae). At the 50-cm...
Source: Forensic Science International - September 5, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: G.R. Balme, S.S. Denning, J.A. Cammack, D.W. Watson Tags: Rapid Communications Source Type: research
Estimation of explosive charge mass used for explosions on concrete surface for the forensic purposeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: The method of choice used by most terrorists for achieving political goals remains the utilization of explosive devices and there is always visible evidence at a crime scene after the deployment of such devices. Given favorable circumstances, forensic analysis can determine the cause of the explosion — the type of the explosive device, the means of detonation, the type and mass of the explosive charge that has been used and perhaps provide information to lead to the identity of the individual who may have constructed or deployed the explosive device, etc. Evidence of an explosion may take the form of a crater o...
Source: Science and Justice - September 5, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Ivana D. Bjelovuk, Slobodan Jaramaz, Dejan Mickovic Tags: Scientific and technical papers Source Type: research
Subjectivity and bias in forensic DNA mixture interpretationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: The objectivity of forensic science decision making has received increased attention and scrutiny. However, there are only a few published studies experimentally addressing the potential for contextual bias. Because of the esteem of DNA evidence, it is important to study and assess the impact of subjectivity and bias on DNA mixture interpretation. The study reported here presents empirical data suggesting that DNA mixture interpretation is subjective. When 17 North American expert DNA examiners were asked for their interpretation of data from an adjudicated criminal case in that jurisdiction, they produced incons...
Source: Science and Justice - September 5, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Itiel E. Dror, Greg Hampikian Tags: Scientific and technical papers Source Type: research
PrePrint: Inferring the Number of Contributors to Mixed DNA ProfilesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Determining the number of contributors to a genetic sample is usually a necessary step towards accurately using the information experimentally. This determination is often made using naive approaches. An error in this determination may cast doubt on the accuracy of the final conclusion. Nowhere is the importance of this issue more obvious than in the forensic testing of human DNA. In forensic testing, a misinterpretation of the number of contributors to a genetic mixture may make the difference between justice and injustice. Computational methods may take into account not only naive features (such as the number and magnitu...
Source: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics - September 4, 2011 Category: Bioinformatics Source Type: research
Chemometric evaluation of nine alcohol biomarkers in a large population of clinically-classified subjects: pre-eminence of ethyl glucuronide concentration in hair for confirmatory classification.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
An important goal of forensic and clinical toxicology is to identify biological markers of ethanol consumption that allow an objective diagnosis of chronic alcohol misuse. Blood and head hair samples were collected from 175 subjects-objectively classified as non-drinkers (N = 65), social drinkers (N = 51) and active heavy drinkers (N = 59)-and analyzed to determine eight traditional indirect biomarkers of ethanol consumption [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), carbohydrat...
Source: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry - September 4, 2011 Category: Chemistry Authors: Pirro V, Valente V, Oliveri P, De Bernardis A, Salomone A, Vincenti M Tags: Anal Bioanal Chem Source Type: research
Establishing the detection threshold for Bacillus subtilis in a complex matrix using an inorganic fingerprint approach.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Methods for the detection and characterization of airborne biological warfare agents, such as bacteria, using their DNA or organic composition are fairly well developed. This approach is useful for identifying the type of bacterial strain once the organism has been isolated from the matrix sampled (e.g., dust particles) and can identify genetically related organisms, which might be helpful during a forensic investigation. However, this genetic signature will not reveal information related to the methods used to grow and weaponize the organism. Bacteria will take on an inorganic signature that is related to...
Source: Talanta - September 3, 2011 Category: Chemistry Authors: Lev SM, Gasparich G, Choi F, King L, Moore J, Zimmerman S Tags: Talanta Source Type: research
Analysis of 12 X-STRs in Greenlanders, Danes and Somalis using Argus X-12Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract X-chromosome markers have become a useful set of markers of choice when certain complex kinship cases need to be unravelled.
The Argus X-12 kit allows the co-amplification in a single PCR reaction of 12 X-chromosome short tandem repeats located in
four linkage groups. A number of 507 unrelated individuals from Greenland, Denmark and Somalia together with two generation
families were typed using the Argus X-12 kit. Silent alleles for the DXS10148 and DXS10146 systems were observed in males,
mostly from Somalia. High levels of intrapopulation variability and therefore high forensic parameter values we...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - September 2, 2011 Category: Medical Law Tags: International Journal of Legal Medicine Source Type: research
Immunohistochemical staining of human sperm cells in smears from sexual assault casesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract In the routine clinical examination of sexual assault victims, apart from documenting physical evidence of abuse, securing
evidence, typically DNA from blood, semen, or saliva, is an important part of the process. Often the presence of semen is
considered a most interesting piece of evidence. Not only does it often contain enough DNA for DNA profiling, but it also
strongly indicates that an actual sexual act has taken place. The examination of smear slides obtained in sexual assault cases
is a time-consuming task especially for the less trained and in cases where the smear only contains few sperm ce...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - September 2, 2011 Category: Medical Law Tags: International Journal of Legal Medicine Source Type: research
Automatable full demineralization DNA extraction procedure from degraded skeletal remainsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study we compared the performance of ICMP's original protocol against an automatable full demineralization approach. In order to provide reliable results and to simulate a wide variety of cases, we analyzed 40 bone samples in a comparative study based on DNA concentrations and quality of resulting STR profiles. The new protocol results in the dissolution of the entire bone powder sample, thus eliminating the possibility that DNA is left behind, locked in remaining solid bone matrix. For the majority of samples tested, the DNA concentrations obtained from half a gram of fully digested bone material were equivalent t...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics - September 2, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Sylvain Amory, René Huel, Ana Bilić, Odile Loreille, Thomas J. Parsons Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Quantitative assessment of evidential weight for a fingerprint comparison. Part II: A generalisation to take account of the general patternEmail this article to a colleague.
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We present an extension of the formal analysis proposed earlier and we illustrate our approach with an example.
Source: Forensic Science International - September 2, 2011 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Cedric Neumann, Ian W. Evett, James E. Skerrett, Ismael Mateos-Garcia Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
