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This page shows you the 20 most read items in the past 30 days within this specialty in the MedWorm directory.

Retinal hemorrhages associated with meningitis in a child with a congenital disorder of glycosylationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A 9-month old infant presented in a state of shock to a district hospital. She was subsequently referred to the regional tertiary hospital. On admission, bruises were noted on the vertex of the skull. Retinal hemorrhages were present on ophthalmological examination. CT scan of the brain showed poor grey–white matter differentiation with apparent frontoparietal fractures of the skull. Her case was subsequently referred to the relevant authorities as it was suspicious for nonaccident injury (NAI). Her condition deteriorated and she died the next day. Postmortem examination showed that the bruises on...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - October 22, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals

Capsaicin, an active ingredient in pepper sprays, increases the lethality of cocaineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Since 1992, California police have been using pepper sprays containing oleoresin capsicum (OC) as a nonlethal method to subdue delirious or violent individuals. Capsaicin is a primary ingredient in OC spray. From January 1993 to June 1995, at least 20 deaths in California were associated with OC and stimulant drug (cocaine, amphetamines, or ephedrines) exposure. Based on this background, we hypothesized a direct potentiation of cocaine toxicity by capsaicin. We performed animal experiments and also reviewed human data involving capsaicin and stimulants. The lethal effects of capsaicin administered w...
Source: Forensic Toxicology - October 2, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Toxicology Source Type: journals

Mass and NMR spectroscopic characterization of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone: A designer drug with α-pyrrolidinophenone structureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study presents and discusses the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and mass spectroscopic data of the designer drug 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a drug variant of pyrovalerone. MDPV was first seized in Germany in the year 2007. The structure elucidation of the aliphatic part of MDPV was carried out by product ion spectroscopy of the immonium ion with m/z 126 formed after electron ionization, and by 1D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Additional two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was used to verify the structure of the alkyl side chain, and to determine the methylenedioxy position in the aromatic ring....
Source: Forensic Science International - June 4, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Folker Westphal, Thomas Junge, Peter Rösner, Frank Sönnichsen, Frank Schuster Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Designer drugs in herbal aphrodisiacs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the presented case three herbal aphrodisiacs (Libidfit, Satibo and Viamax) were investigated for the presence of regular pharmaceuticals against erectile dysfunction. However, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses revealed the presence of ingredients, having a molecular structure strongly resembling those of sildenafil (Viagra) and vardenafil (Levitra). The health risk posed by these analogous substances is high because they were found to be potent phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors used in pharmacologica...
Source: Forensic Science International - January 4, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Venhuis BJ, Blok-Tip L, de Kaste D Tags: Forensic Sci Int Source Type: journals

Simultaneous analysis of mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and other alkaloids in the psychotropic plant “kratom” (Mitragyna speciosa) by LC-ESI-MSEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a method for simultaneous analysis of mitragynine, 7-OH-mitragynine, and other indole alkaloids (speciogynine, speciociliatine, and paynantheine), present in the raw materials and commercial products of kratom, was developed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). By this method, mitragynine, 7-OH-mitragynine, and the other alkaloids were detected in 11 of the 13 products. The content of mitragynine in the products ranged from 1% to 6%, and that of 7-OH-mitragynine from 0.01% to 0.04%. Because 7-OH-mitragynine is much more potent than morphine, M. speciosa abuse...
Source: Forensic Toxicology - May 10, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Toxicology Source Type: journals

'I'm a Muslim, but I'm not a Terrorist': Victimization, Risky Identities and the Performance of SafetyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since the events of 11 September 2001, Muslim minority groups have been subjected to pervasive scrutiny in the United Kingdom. The 7 July 2005 attacks have led to young Muslims’ being party to intensified modes of monitoring, surveillance and intervention by crime and security agencies. The introduction of multiple forms of counter-terrorism regulation by the state has been underpinned by discourses of (in)security, which have defined British Muslims en bloc as a risky, suspect population. Against this wider backdrop, this paper presents the findings from a study investigating the effects of these processes on young ...
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Mythen, G., Walklate, S., Khan, F. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals

Fatal propeller injuries: Three autopsy case reportsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present the autopsy reports of three people who died after colliding with boat propellers. (Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine)
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - September 4, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Yoko Ihama, Kenji Ninomiya, Masamichi Noguchi, Chiaki Fuke, Tetsuji Miyazaki Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Three-dimensional reconstitution of bullet trajectory in gunshot wounds: A case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In the medico-legal assessment of cases of aggression with firearms, imaging techniques have a particularly important role, especially in the study of a bullet’s path through the victim’s body. The analysis of these trajectories can be performed by the use of three-dimensional reconstitution techniques, namely Three-Dimensional Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (3D-MSCT). This imaging technique has been widely used in fatal cases, as a very important complement of the classical autopsy procedures, becoming known as “virtual autopsy” or “Virtopsy”. To our knowledge, no reports describing the use of 3D-MS...
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - September 4, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Katerina Puentes, Francisco Taveira, António J. Madureira, Agostinho Santos, Teresa Magalhães Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Stature Estimation Formulae for Nigerians.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In stature estimation, long limbs and the stature formula of Trotter and Gleser easily come to mind. In the recent past, a lot of workers have established formulae specific to their populations using whole length of limbs, fragmented bones, circumference of long bones, and even length of the vertebrae. We have in this work used tibia length, height of subjects, and the regression models to establish formulae specific to Nigerians. We measured height and tibia length of 200 (96 male and 104 female) adult Nigerians. The tibia length was measured from upper limit of the medial condoyle to the tip of medial malleolus using...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 10, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Didia BC, Nduka EC, Adele O Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals

Digital image analysis of fingernail colour in cadavers comparing carbon monoxide poisoning to controlsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study sought to objectively determine by using digital image analysis if a color difference occurred between the fingernails of a group of cadavers with carbon monoxide poisoning compared to a group of controls. The fingernails of the carbon monoxide group did tend to be more red than the controls, but due to overlap between the two groups assessment of the fingernails cannot be recommended as a rapid screening test. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12024-009-9122-8Authors Neil E. I. Langlois, University of Adelaide Forensic Science SA 21 Divett Place Adelaide 5000 SA Australia...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - November 2, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals

Fast Multiplexed Polymerase Chain Reaction for Conventional and Microfluidic Short Tandem Repeat Analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The time required for short tandem repeat (STR) amplification is determined by the temperature ramp rates of the thermal cycler, the components of the reaction mix, and the properties of the reaction vessel. Multiplex amplifications in microfluidic biochip-based and conventional tube-based thermal cyclers have been demonstrated in 17.3 and 19 min, respectively. Optimized 28-cycle amplification protocols generated alleles with signal strengths above calling thresholds, heterozygous peak height ratios of greater than 0.65, and incomplete nontemplate nucleotide addition and stutter of less than 15%. Full CODIS-compatible ...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - October 13, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Giese H, Lam R, Selden R, Tan E Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals

Computerized forensic facial reconstructionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Forensic investigations frequently utilize facial reconstructions/approximations to stimulate recognition and identification. Over the past 25 years, many computer-based systems have been developed, and with the recent rapid advances in medical imaging and computer technology, the current systems claim high levels of efficiency, objectivity, and flexibility. The history of computerized facial approximation/reconstruction is presented, along with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies. Evaluation of the accuracy and reproducibility of these new systems is critical for th...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - August 8, 2007 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals

Tactical and Subject Considerations of In-Custody Deaths Proximal to Use of Conductive Energy Devices.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Page: 23DOI: 10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181873865Authors: Vilke, Gary M. MD *; Johnson, Will D. III MLA +; Castillo, Edward M. PhD, MPH *; Sloane, Christian MD *; Chan, Theodore C. MD * (Source: The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology)
Source: The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology - February 24, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Abstract HTML PDF (131 K) Source Type: journals

Partial bowel obstruction in a 2-month-old child. A delayed diagnosis of anal abuseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present the case of an anal sexual abuse involving a 2-month-old boy, who was admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Unit of the University of Padua for low bowel obstruction. The infant had been already hospitalized for 3 days in a peripheral hospital and treated with daily rectal wash-outs for a fecaloma. Only after a careful interpretation of the plain abdominal radiograph, along with the performance of a rectoscopy and a laparotomy, a vegetable foreign body (about 3cm in diameter and 7cm in length) was discovered in the sigma. The morphology and dimensions of the foreign body, as well as its location, left no doubt about...
Source: Forensic Science International - September 21, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Anna Aprile, Eleonora Cesca, Giovanni Cecchetto, Guido Viel, Guendalina Mognato, Piergiorgio Gamba Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Odontometric sex assessment in IndiansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Sex determination of unidentified skeletal remains is important and various hard-tissue parameters have been evaluated towards this end. The dentition is considered as a useful adjunct in skeletal sex determination, particularly since teeth are resistant to postmortem destruction and fragmentation. Sex dimorphism in tooth size and the accuracy of odontometric sex prediction, is found to vary in different regions and researchers have advocated the need for population-specific data. No odontometric standards exist for Indians for use in forensic sex prediction. Therefore, this study examined sexual dimorphism in In...
Source: Forensic Science International - September 9, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Sudeendra Prabhu, Ashith B. Acharya Tags: Forensic Anthropology Population Data Source Type: journals

The Use of Liquid Latex for Soot Removal from Fire Scenes and Attempted Fingerprint Development with Ninhydrin*Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Throughout the United States, clearance rates for arson cases remain low due to fire's destructive nature, subsequent suppression, and a misconception by investigators that no forensic evidence remains. Recent research shows that fire scenes can yield fingerprints if soot layers are removed prior to using available fingerprinting processes. An experiment applying liquid latex to sooted surfaces was conducted to assess its potential to remove soot and yield fingerprints after the dried latex was peeled. Latent fingerprints were applied to glass and drywall surfaces, sooted in a controlled burn, and cooled. Liquid latex ...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - August 27, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Clutter SW, Bailey R, Everly JC, Mercer K Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals

Reconsidering the Theory on Adolescent-Limited and Life-Course Persistent Anti-Social BehaviourEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents a critical review of the taxonomic theory of adolescent-limited and life-course persistent anti-social behaviour (Moffitt 1993) and its empirical evidence. This influential theory suggests that there are two qualitatively distinct types of offenders that require distinct theoretical explanations. Moreover, the empirical evidence for the typology is considered to be strong, at least by some. I discuss along three lines: first, to what extent the taxonomy should be interpreted literally; second, whether the suggested mechanisms are likely to produce the hypothesized groups; third, whether some of the mo...
Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues - October 15, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Skardhamar, T. Tags: research-article Source Type: journals

Biting Through an Arteriovenous Hemodialysis Graft: An Unusual Method of Suicide.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a patient on chronic hemodialysis with a history of depression and suicidal ideation who bit into his forearm arteriovenous graft and exsanguinated. PMID: 19788702 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences)
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - September 24, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Charlot A, Deroux S Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals

Stuart L. Houser, M.D.: The Operated Heart at AutopsyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Book ReviewDOI 10.1007/s12024-009-9113-9Authors Claas T. Buschmann, University Medical Centre Charité Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences Turmstr. 21, Building L 10559 Berlin Germany Journal Forensic Science, Medicine, and PathologyOnline ISSN 1556-2891Print ISSN 1547-769X (Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology)
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Tags: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Source Type: journals

Morbidity involving the hallucinogenic designer amines MDA and 2C-I.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report demonstrates the utility of testing for a wider menu of compounds using LC-MS/MS in order to better characterize the prevalence and toxicities of novel amines such as 2C-I. PMID: 19878416 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences)
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 1, 2009 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Drees JC, Stone JA, Wu AH Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: journals