History of Medicine 
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.
14033 records returned
Countering health threats by chemicals with a potential terrorist background - creating a rapid alert system for Europe.
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CONCLUSION: The RAS-CHEM database works and will be integrated into the Health Emergency Operations Facility (HEOF) with other European Rapid Alert Systems. Poisons centres receive a large number of enquiries and could be important sentinels in this field of toxicovigilance.
PMID: 22284259 [PubMed - in process] (Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine)
Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine - February 2, 2012 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Schaper A, Desel H, Wyke S, Orford R, Griffiths MR, Edwards N, Kupferschmidt H, Mathieu M, Pelclova D, Duarte-Davidson R Tags: Eur J Intern Med Source Type: research
Nature Launches Global Scientific CalendarEmail this article to a colleague.
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Nature Publishing Group (NPG) has launched an online calendar of global scientific events. The calendar provides users with a new way to search for science events, which can also be personalized and synced to a personal online or mobile calendar. The calendar is hosted on nature.com; it is free both to view and to contribute to.
The calendar provides users with an innovative way to find important dates in science, as well as events that have been specifically selected by Nature editors. Content includes:
Conferences
Training courses
Careers events
Journal publication dates
International observances
Congress
Historical ...
Source: What's New on JEFFLINE - February 2, 2012 Category: Databases & Libraries Authors: Ann Koopman Tags: All News Clinicians Researchers Students Teaching Faculty Source Type: news
Effects of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix on Repair Integrity of At-Risk Rotator Cuff TearsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion: The augmentation of at-risk rotator cuff tears with PRFM did not result in improved retear rates or functional outcome scores compared with controls. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - February 2, 2012 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Bergeson, A. G., Tashjian, R. Z., Greis, P. E., Crim, J., Stoddard, G. J., Burks, R. T. Tags: Imaging Studies, Shoulder, Arthroscopy research-article Source Type: research
The quest for equity in Latin America: a comparative analysis of the health care reforms in Brazil and ColombiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
Neither reform seems to have had a decisive positive impact on the health outcomes analyzed for the defined time period of this research. This, in turn, may be a consequence of both internal characteristics of the respective reforms and external factors beyond the direct control of health reformers. Among the internal characteristics: underfunding, unbridled decentralization and inequitable access to care seem to have been the main constraints. Conversely, international economic adversities, high levels of rural and urban violence, along with entrenched income inequalities seem to have accounted for the highes...
Source: BioMed Central - February 2, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Roberto JF Esteves Source Type: research
Functional and Biomechanical Outcomes After Using Biofeedback for Retraining Symmetrical Movement Patterns After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case ReportEmail this article to a colleague.
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DISCUSSION: This case report describes the use of a novel rehabilitation protocol intended to improve walking biomechanics and functional outcomes after TKA. Restoration of symmetrical movement patterns could improve long-term outcomes of TKA. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of similar rehabilitation strategies in a wide range of patients after TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(2):135-144. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3773KEY WORDS: motion analysis, osteoarthritis, physical therapy, rehabilitation, total knee replacement (Source: The Journal of...
Source: The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy - February 1, 2012 Category: Physiotherapy Tags: February 2012 Volume 42, No. 2 Source Type: research
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Abstract
Cover: A poster of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) decorates the wall of a restaurant in Brinkley, Arkansas (U.S.A.). The town is located near where the bird was reportedly sighted in 2004, 60 years after its presumed extinction. Th ree papers in this issue present new methods to estimate whether species are extinct. On pages 47-56, Gotelli et al. introduce a statistical method for estimating the probability of species persistence from the temporal sequence of collection dates of museum specimens. Application of the method to a case study of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker sugge...
Source: Conservation Biology - February 1, 2012 Category: Biology Tags: Conserv Biol Source Type: research
Alcohol reduces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic airway inflammation in miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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There is very limited knowledge about the effects of alcohol on airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in asthma. Historical accounts of alcohol administration to patients with breathing problems suggest that alcohol may have bronchodilating properties. We hypothesized that alcohol exposure will alter airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. To test this hypothesis, BALB/c mice were fed either 18% alcohol or water and then sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). AHR was assessed by means of ventilation or barometric plethysmography and reported as either ...
Source: AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - February 1, 2012 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Oldenburg, P. J., Poole, J. A., Sisson, J. H. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Studies on the cell biology of interendothelial cell gapsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Pain, redness, heat, and swelling are hallmarks of inflammation that were recognized as early as the first century AD. Despite these early observations, the mechanisms responsible for swelling, in particular, remained an enigma for nearly two millennia. Only in the past century have scientists and physicians gained an appreciation for the role that vascular endothelium plays in controlling the exudation that is responsible for swelling. One of these mechanisms is the formation of transient gaps between adjacent endothelial cell borders. Inflammatory mediators act on endothelium to reorganize the cytoskeleton, decrease the ...
Source: AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - February 1, 2012 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ochoa, C. D., Stevens, T. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Intersexuality in Crustacea: An environmental issue?Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
This paper aims to give a historical overview of current understanding about intersexuality in crustaceans, assesses gaps in our knowledge and asks whether it should be an environmental concern. The oldest known cases of intersexuality come from 70 million year old fossil crabs whilst the oldest published case of intersex crustacean stems from a 1730 Royal Society report of a gynandromorph lobster. Many crustacean species are sequential hermaphroditic or simultaneous hermaphrodites. Consequently, there has been confusion as to whether accounts of intersex in the literature are correct. Intersexuality is fa...
Source: Aquatic Toxicology - February 1, 2012 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ford AT Tags: Aquat Toxicol Source Type: research
Dreams and Politics: How Dreams May Influence Political DecisionsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article highlights the relevance of dreams to politics; briefly reviews historical examples of dreams from several cultures; summarises some recent research on political attitudes in the USA; and draws attention to environmental dreams as a rising political concern. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Psychotherapy and Politics International)
Source: Psychotherapy and Politics International - February 1, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Margaret Bowater Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Out of the Closet and Into the Trenches: Gay Male Baby Boomers, Aging, and HIV/AIDS.Email this article to a colleague.
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This article argues for the application of this latter approach to research into the lasting impacts of HIV/AIDS on this cohort of gay men. We examine HIV/AIDS mortality within this cohort at the epidemic's height, these deaths' concentration in urban gay communities, and the growing and increasingly diverse population of HIV-positive gay men born in the Baby Boom Years. Our conclusion suggests that a fuller examination of the role of HIV/AIDS in the lives of gay male Baby Boomers, using a life course perspective, is critical to appreciating this generation's heterogeneity and to expanding knowledge of how later life is sh...
Source: The Gerontologist - January 31, 2012 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Rosenfeld D, Bartlam B, Smith RD Tags: Gerontologist Source Type: research
The Florida Republican primary: a basket case of sick puppies | Carl HiaasenEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article was first published by the Miami Herald, and is reproduced by permissionFloridaRepublican presidential nomination 2012RepublicansBarack ObamaNewt GingrichMitt RomneyUS politicsUnited StatesCubaFidel CastroNasaUS economyCarl Hiaasenguardian.co.uk © 2012 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds (Source: Guardian Unlimited Science)
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - January 30, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Carl Hiaasen Tags: Florida Republican presidential nomination 2012 Republicans Barack Obama Newt Gingrich Mitt Romney US politics United States Cuba Fidel Castro Nasa US economy guardian.co.uk Comment Comment is free Source Type: news
Traffic of drugs: na option among limitted choicesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Este trabalho procura compreender os aspectos psicossociais que permeiam a adesão de pessoas ao tráfico de drogas em seu contexto histórico e econômico-social, por meio de pesquisa realizada no ambiente carcerário, onde foram recolhidas histórias de vida de pessoas envolvidas com o tráfico. Em um ambiente socioeconômico caracterizado pela precarização das relações de trabalho, pelo desemprego e pelo apelo consumista afinados com as premissas econômicas neoliberais tem-se uma situação de exclusão social e de cidadania. Assim, o tráfico se mostra como uma atividade econômica possibilitadora de inclusão, me...
Source: Psicologia e Sociedade - January 30, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The human being in the singular man: the historical-cultural approachEmail this article to a colleague.
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The objective of this theorical article is to present the historical-cultural approach and the theory of the activity to the understanding the constitution of the human being in the singular man. The starting point, to explain the humanization process, is the historical-cultural theory, whose epistemological origin is the dialectical materialism, from the works of Marx. The article, first, presents the central theoretical categories to the explanation of the development and constitution of the human being, such as activity, conscience, necessity, motive, appropriation. Afterwards, it presents the contributions of the theor...
Source: Psicologia e Sociedade - January 30, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
An archeological analysys of the social psychologyEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article aims to set an archaeological history of Social Psychology in Brazil based on Michel Foucault's methodological perspective. Shifting from an epistemological analysis that asks itself about the scientificity and the truth or validity of presumptions, concepts and techniques applied in field, the argument presented here questions its movements and historical trends, the confrontments and ruptures observable among the many approaches orbiting there, as well as the emergency of multiple objects which form and succeed in this domain of knowledge and procedures throughout the 20th century and in the first years of 2...
Source: Psicologia e Sociedade - January 30, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The Effect of Shame and Shame Memories on Paranoid Ideation and Social AnxietyEmail this article to a colleague.
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ConclusionOur study supports the evolutionary model suggesting there are two different types of ‘conspecific’ anxiety, with different evolutionary histories, functions and psychological processes. Paranoia, but less so social anxiety, is associated with traumatic impact and the centrality of shame memories. Researchers and clinicians should distinguish between types of shame memory, particularly those where the self might have felt vulnerable and subordinate and perceived others as threatening and hostile, holding malevolent intentions towards the self.Key Practitioner Message:Shame and shame memories are distinctively...
Source: Clinical Psychology - January 30, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marcela MatosJosé Pinto‐GouveiaPaul Gilbert Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Rizatriptan in Pediatric Migraineurs in a Randomized StudyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions.— In pediatric migraineurs, a weight‐based dosing scheme generated plasma rizatriptan AUC(0‐∞) and Cmax values that were generally similar to those historically observed in adults administered a 10‐mg dose of rizatriptan ODT (a proven effective dose). The data support further evaluation of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of this rizatriptan dosing scheme in larger scale clinical trials in the pediatric migraineur population. (Source: Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain)
Source: Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain - January 30, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Iain P. FraserLingling HanTae H. HanChi‐Chung LiDavid HreniukS. Aubrey StochJohn A. WagnerSteven LinderPaul Winner Source Type: research
Building Tobacco Control Research in Thailand: Meeting the Need for Innovative Change in AsiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion:
The evolution of tobacco control research in Thailand provides examples of steppingstones that LMICs may be able to use to construct their own tobacco control research pathways.Key words: tobacco control, smoking, policy, research, capacity building, secondhand smoke, Thailand, Asia (Source: BioMed Central)
Source: BioMed Central - January 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Stephen L. HamannJeremiah MockSibasis HenseNaowarut CharoencaNipapun Kungskulniti Source Type: research
A physiological marker for false memories | Mo Costandi | Neurophilosophy blogEmail this article to a colleague.
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False memories can be distinguished from real ones with a simple physiological test, report researchers from GermanyOur memories are not as accurate as we like to think they are. Every recollection is a reconstructive process, involving stitching together memory fragments rather than reproducing a ready-made whole. Inevitably, errors creep in, but in most cases our memories are accurate enough to be reliable. In some cases, however, they are not, the most striking example being false memories, or completely fabricated accounts of events that did not happen.False memories are easily created. Our memories of historical event...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - January 27, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Mo Costandi Tags: Neuroscience Human biology guardian.co.uk Blogposts Source Type: news
[Book Review] The Pursuit of LoveEmail this article to a colleague.
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Combining historical and ethnographic perspectives, Silverman explores the various ways in which researchers, practitioners, and activists have interpreted and responded to autism.Author: Beth Ann Malow (Source: Science: Current Issue)
Source: Science: Current Issue - January 27, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Beth Ann Malow Source Type: research
Patient SafetyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Perhaps ironically, the tragic sinking of the RMS Titanic, most likely as a result of human error, occurred at about same the time that Harvard physician, biochemist, and historian, Lawrence J. Henderson, famously proclaimed that the pace of progress in medicine had reached a point at which a random patient had a better than even chance of benefiting from consultation with a random physician. Since then, the availability of treatment options for virtually every ailment known to afflict humanity has exploded, resulting in an unprecedented growth in the quantity of health care services. These advances, punctuated occasionall...
Source: Surgical Clinics of North America - January 27, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Juan A. Sanchez Source Type: research
Historical Perspectives on Autism: Its Past Record of Discovery and Its Present State of Solipsism, Skepticism, and Sorrowful SuspicionEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article reviews historical links that have led to the current confusing and controversial situation that is encouraging some people to return to magic, mysticism, and mantics for health care, despite the amazing accumulation of progress in vaccinology over the past 2 centuries. (Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - January 27, 2012 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Donald E. Greydanus, Luis H. Toledo-Pereyra Source Type: research
Study Compares Three Antiretroviral Regimens to Prevent Nevirapine Resistance Mutations in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Receiving a Single Intrapartum Dose of NevirapineEmail this article to a colleague.
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“Intrapartum single-dose (SD) nevirapine (NVP) reduces perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but selects for NVP-resistant virus, which compromises subsequent NVP-based therapy. A 1-week ‘tail’ of lamivudine and zidovudine after SD-NVP decreases the risk of resistance. We hypothesized that increasing the duration or potency of the tail would further reduce this risk to <10%, using a sensitive assay to measure resistance. … HIV-infected pregnant Thai women with a CD4 cell count >250 cells/μL, most receiving zidovudine, were randomized at 28-38 weeks gestatio...
Source: AIDSinfo At-a-Glance: Offering Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research, A Service of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) - January 27, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
Psychopharmacology of the endocannabinoids: far beyond anandamideEmail this article to a colleague.
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The study of endocannabinoid pharmacology has proceeded from the discovery of 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive compound in Cannabis sativa, to the identification of an endogenous endocannabinoid system that is essential for physiological modulation of neuronal functions. We have not yet achieved a complete understanding of the various roles of the endocannabinoids, but this is one of the fastest-growing fields in psychopharmacology. This review starts with a brief historical description of the discovery of the endocannabinoids and then focuses on recent pharmacological advances and recently discovered endocann...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - January 27, 2012 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Pamplona, F., Takahashi, R. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The evolutionary history of protein fold families and proteomes confirms that the archaeal ancestor is more ancient than the ancestors of other superkingdomsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
The evolution of functions that are associated with corresponding FFs along the timeline reveals that primordial metabolic domains evolved earlier than informational domains involved in translation and transcription, supporting the metabolism-first hypothesis rather than the RNA world scenario. In addition, phylogenomic trees of proteomes reconstructed from FFs appearing in each of the five phases of the protein world show that trees reconstructed from ancient domain structures were consistently rooted in archaeal lineages, supporting the proposal that the archaeal ancestor is more ancient than the ancestors o...
Source: BMC Evolutionary Biology - Latest articles - January 27, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kyung Mo KimGustavo Caetano-Anolles Source Type: research
[Correspondence] Is Escherichia coli bacteraemia preventable?Email this article to a colleague.
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In response to yearly increases in Escherichia coli bacteraemia, the UK Department of Health recently launched mandatory E coli bacteraemia surveillance. Before starting this programme, the Department of Health should have reviewed historical data and contacted units, such as the Barking, Havering & Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust (BHRUT), that undertake bacteraemia surveillance. We have, therefore, pre-empted the surveillance findings and estimated the proportion of preventable E coli bacteraemias. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - January 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mark Melzer, Cathy Welch Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
Pediatric Renal Transplantation in a Highly Sensitised Child—8 Years OnEmail this article to a colleague.
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Highly sensitised children have markedly reduced chances of receiving a successful deceased donor renal transplant, increased risk of rejection, and decreased graft survival. There is limited experience with the long-term followup of children who have undergone desensitization. Following 2 failed transplants, our patient was highly sensitised. She had some immunological response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) but this was not sustained. We developed a protocol involving sequential therapies with rituximab, IVIg, and plasma exchange. Immunosuppressant therapy at transplantation consisted of basiliximab, tacrolimus, my...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - January 26, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Let's Play 'History As A List'Email this article to a colleague.
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History, they say, is "one damn thing after another," but when you look down any historical list, strange, curious patterns pop out.» E-Mail This » Add to Del.icio.us (Source: NPR Health and Science)
Source: NPR Health and Science - January 26, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news
Studying The Causes Of Obesity In Aboriginal ChildrenEmail this article to a colleague.
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To fully understand the causes of the obesity epidemic in Aboriginal children requires an understanding of the unique social and historical factors that shape the Aboriginal community. A review article published in Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism emphasizes that early childhood obesity prevention efforts should begin focusing with the parents before and during pregnancy and on breastfeeding initiatives and nutrition in the early childhood development stages... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - January 26, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Obesity / Weight Loss / Fitness Source Type: news
Ten-Year Outcome after Rapid Discontinuation of Prednisone in Adult Primary Kidney Transplantation.Email this article to a colleague.
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ConclusionsPrednisone-related side effects can be minimized in a protocol incorporating rapid discontinuation of prednisone for maintenance immunosuppression. Ten-year patient and graft outcomes remain acceptable.
PMID: 22282482 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN)
Source: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN - January 26, 2012 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Rizzari MD, Suszynski TM, Gillingham KJ, Dunn TB, Ibrahim HN, Payne WD, Chinnakotla S, Finger EB, Sutherland DE, Kandaswamy R, Najarian JS, Pruett TL, Kukla A, Spong R, Matas AJ Tags: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Source Type: research
Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone with or Without Radiotherapy in Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma: The Emerging Standard of Care.Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions. Based on these results, most patients with PMLBCL appear to be cured by R-CHOP in 21-day cycles with or without RT, which could be the current standard of care. Therefore, the need for more aggressive treatment strategies is questionable unless high-risk patients are adequately defined. Further studies are required to establish the precise role of RT.
PMID: 22282906 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Oncologist)
Source: The Oncologist - January 26, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Vassilakopoulos TP, Pangalis GA, Katsigiannis A, Papageorgiou SG, Constantinou N, Terpos E, Zorbala A, Vrakidou E, Repoussis P, Poziopoulos C, Galani Z, Dimopoulou MN, Kokoris SI, Sachanas S, Kalpadakis C, Dimitriadou EM, Siakantaris MP, Kyrtsonis MC, Der Tags: Oncologist Source Type: research
Clofarabine plus low‐dose cytarabine followed by clofarabine plus low‐dose cytarabine alternating with decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia frontline therapy for older patientsEmail this article to a colleague.
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CONCLUSIONS:Clofarabine plus low‐dose cytarabine alternating with decitabine in consolidation is active in older patients with newly diagnosed AML. The benefits of a prolonged consolidation remain unproven. Cancer 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)
Source: Cancer - January 26, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stefan FaderlFarhad RavandiXuelin HuangXuemei WangElias JabbourGuillermo Garcia‐ManeroTapan KadiaAlessandra FerrajoliMarina KonoplevaGautam BorthakurJan BurgerJennie FeliuHagop M. Kantarjian Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Historical change of mercury pollution in remote Yongle archipelago, South China Sea.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
We collected three ornithogenic coral sand sedimentary profiles from Jinyin Island, Jinqing Island and Guangjin Island of Yongle archipelago, South China Sea and reconstructed the deposition flux of anthropogenic Hg over the past 700years in the study area. On the whole, the anthropogenic Hg flux is relatively low; it remained at a low level before the Industrial Revolution with a small peak at about 1450-1550 AD, which may record the enhanced metallurgy activity in Ming Dynasty of China. During the 20th century, the deposition flux of anthropogenic Hg increased rapidly, but two troughs occurred during the...
Source: Chemosphere - January 25, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Liu X, Xu L, Chen Q, Sun L, Wang Y, Yan H, Liu Y, Luo Y, Huang J Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: research
“Colossal” Breakthrough: The Callosal Puncture as a Precursor to Third VentriculostomyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2011; 54: 243-246DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297249In 1908, Anton and von Bramann proposed the Balkenstich method, a corpus callosum puncture which created a communication between the ventricle and subarachnoid space. This method offered the benefit of providing continuous CSF diversion without the implantation of cannula or other shunting devices, yet it received only slight reference in the literature of the time. It remained a novel and perhaps underutilized approach at the time Cushing began expanding his neurosurgical practice at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.Following IRB approval, and through the cour...
Source: min - Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery - January 25, 2012 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Chesler, D. A.Pendleton, C.Jallo, G. I.Quiñones-Hinojosa, A. Tags: Historical Article Source Type: research
Definitions of schizophrenia, 1908-1987: The failed essentialismEmail this article to a colleague.
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This work examines the historical conceptualization of schizophrenia through definition from 1908–1987. Rather than reveal an essentialist definition of schizophrenia in North America, it reveals a history of varying and competing professional definitions. It demonstrates and historically contextualizes how widespread conceptual instability and disagreement over the nature of the concept gave rise to a new, but still contested, theoretical emphasis on operational definitions. As made manifest through definition, schizophrenia has not been a stable transhistorical object. Rather, the characteristic feature in schizoph...
Source: Theory - January 25, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: McNally, K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Roche offers to acquire all outstanding shares of Illumina, Inc. to further strengthen its leading role in diagnosticsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Roche announced today that it is proposing to acquire all outstanding shares of Illumina, Inc. (NASDAQ:ILMN) for $44.50 per share in cash, or an aggregate of approximately $5.7 billion on a fully diluted basis. This offer represents a 64% premium over Illumina’s stock price on December 21, 2011 – the day before market rumors about a potential transaction between Roche and Illumina drove Illumina’s stock price significantly higher – a 61% premium over the one-month historical average and a 43% premium over the three-month historical average of Illumina’s share price, both as of December 21. It ...
Source: Roche Investor Update - January 24, 2012 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news
Risk management of biosimilars in oncology: each medicine is a work in progressEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Drug licensing and drug safety monitoring for standard chemical entities have been established and are routinely used. These
have resulted in a solid foundation of knowledge from which confident therapeutic decisions can be made. For many chemical
entities, this advanced level of experience is also present for the generic products. The expertise surrounding the development
of biosimilar competitor versions is increasing and progress is encouraging. To address the re-engineering and comparability
complexities of biosimilars, the European Union imposed a requirement that risk management plans be inclu...
Source: Targeted Oncology - January 24, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Targeted Oncology Source Type: research
Small Vessel Cerebrovascular Disease: The Past, Present, and FutureEmail this article to a colleague.
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Brain infarction due to small vessel cerebrovascular disease (SVCD)—also known as small vessel infarct (SVI) or “lacunar” stroke—accounts for 20% to 25% of all ischemic strokes. Historically, SVIs have been associated with a favorable short-term prognosis. However, studies over the years have demonstrated that SVCD/SVI is perhaps a more complex and less benign phenomenon than generally presumed. The currently employed diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are based upon historical and contemporary perceptions of SVCD/SVI. What is discovered in the future will unmask the true countenance of S...
Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology - January 24, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Brian Cox, David Starkey and … Colin Firth; a new type of public intellectual?Email this article to a colleague.
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The success of today's celebrity scientists may pave the way for a new generation of academics and, indeed, new public expectations of themAfter a year of science that has seen Brian Cox present a BBC primetime Night with the Stars, David Starkey being denounced as a historian for exchanging the library for the TV studio and celebrity academics launching the private New College of the Humanities, one may ask whether academics are becoming part of a new academic star system. Even the UK research councils are teaming up with the media to co-produce the "Next Generation Thinkers", who are destined for science media fame.What ...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - January 24, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Andy Miah Tags: Higher Education Network Academics Research Reforms People in science Guardian Professional Blogposts Source Type: news
Eli Whitney Died of Prostate CancerEmail this article to a colleague.
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It's not very often that a historical figure makes it onto Google's Hot Trend list, so when I saw Eli Whitney trending, I was quite surprised. I knew an antique musket made by his armory had been featured on last night's Pawn Stars, but who knew it would cause such a stir?...Read Full Post (Source: About.com Cancer)
Source: About.com Cancer - January 24, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
Decoupling of deforestation and soy production in the southern Amazon during the late 2000s [Sustainability Science]Email this article to a colleague.
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This study combines satellite data with government deforestation and production statistics to assess land-use transitions and potential market and policy drivers associated with these trends. In the forested region of the state, increased soy production from 2001 to 2005 was entirely due to cropland expansion into previously cleared pasture areas (74%) or forests (26%). From 2006 to 2010, 78% of production increases were due to expansion (22% to yield increases), with 91% on previously cleared land. Cropland expansion fell from 10 to 2% of deforestation between the two periods, with pasture expansion accounting for most re...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 24, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Macedo, M. N., DeFries, R. S., Morton, D. C., Stickler, C. M., Galford, G. L., Shimabukuro, Y. E. Tags: Sustainability Science Biological Sciences Source Type: research
Phylogeny and beyond: Scientific, historical, and conceptual significance of the first tree of life [Classic Perspective]Email this article to a colleague.
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We describe the way in which this monumental discovery was made, its context within the historical development of evolutionary thought, and how it has impacted our understanding of the emergence of life and the characterization of the evolutionary process in its most general form. (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 24, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Pace, N. R., Sapp, J., Goldenfeld, N. Tags: PNAS Classics Source Type: research
Explanatory models are needed to integrate RCT and observational data with the patient's unique biologyEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this review, we make the case for evidence-based medicine (EBM) to include models of disease underscored by evidence in order to integrate evidence, as it is currently defined, with the patient's unique biology. This would allow clinicians to use a pathophysiologic rationale, but underscoring the pathophysiological model with evidence would create an objective evidence base for extrapolating randomized controlled trial evidence. EBM encourages practitioners not to be passive receivers of information, but to question the information. By the same token, practitioners should not be passive executors of the process by which...
Source: JRSM - January 24, 2012 Category: UK Health Authors: Sharma, V., Minhas, R. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Policy measures and the survival of foster infants in Stockholm 1878-1925Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions: Targeted policy measures to foster children may have potentiated the positive health effects of other universal policies, such as improved living conditions, clean water and sanitation for the whole population in the city, contributing to an equalization of mortality rates between different groups. (Source: The European Journal of Public Health)
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - January 24, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Burstrom, B., Oberg, L., Smedman, L. Tags: Child and Adolescent Health Source Type: research
Improved Outcome in Neonatal Short Bowel Syndrome Using Parenteral Fish Oil in Combination With ω-6/9 Lipid Emulsions.Email this article to a colleague.
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CONCLUSIONS: Parenteral fish oil in combination with ω-6/9 lipid emulsions was associated with improved outcome in premature neonates with SBS. When used instead of traditional soybean-based emulsions, this mixed lipid emulsion may facilitate intestinal adaptation by increasing the IFALD-free period.
PMID: 22275330 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: JPEN Journal Of Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition)
Source: JPEN Journal Of Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition - January 24, 2012 Category: Nutrition Authors: Angsten G, Finkel Y, Lucas S, Kassa AM, Paulsson M, Engstrand Lilja H Tags: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr Source Type: research
Toxicity burden score: a novel approach to summarize multiple toxic effectsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
TBS is a feasible approach to summarize toxicity. It includes information from the grades and types of multiple toxic effects and can be applied in all phases of drug development. Further efforts should focus on validating the method in a large prospective study before applying it in practice. (Source: Annals of Oncology)
Source: Annals of Oncology - January 24, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lee, S. M., Hershman, D. L., Martin, P., Leonard, J. P., Cheung, Y. K. Tags: clinical trials Source Type: research
Hormesis: why it is important to biogerontologists.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
This paper offers a broad assessment of the hormetic dose response and its relevance to biogerontology. The paper provides detailed background information on the historical foundations of hormesis, its quantitative features, mechanistic foundations, as well as how the hormesis concept could be further applied in the development of new therapeutic advances in the treatment of age-related diseases. The concept of hormesis has direct application to biogerontology not only affecting the quality of the aging process but also experimental attempts to extend longevity.
PMID: 22270337 [PubMed - as supplied by ...
Source: Biogerontology - January 24, 2012 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Calabrese EJ, Iavicoli I, Calabrese V Tags: Biogerontology Source Type: research
Understanding causes of obesity in Aboriginal childrenEmail this article to a colleague.
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(Canadian Science Publishing (NRC Research Press)) To fully understand the causes of the obesity epidemic in Aboriginal children requires an understanding of the unique social and historical factors that shape the Aboriginal community. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - January 24, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news
The Secret of CreditEmail this article to a colleague.
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Trust Is the Glue . . .
Most of us view trust as valuable and desirable, something that improves the quality of our personal lives. We seldom take the next step and view it as indispensable, a vital ingredient in society — and in the economy. read more (Source: Psychology Today Work Center)
Source: Psychology Today Work Center - January 23, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ken Eisold, Ph.D. Tags: Social Life Work 2000s absence of trust british historian carelessness collapse credit crisis culmination financial transactions fundamental problem geoffrey hosking glue greed handshake investment values liquidity money Source Type: news
