History of Medicine 
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.
14047 records returned
Pigeon deterrents: a question of chemistry
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If you want your statues clean (and your pigeons healthy), you just need to make them of bronze laced with arsenicAs the heavens inevitably cover every mountain peak with snow, so do pigeons unstoppably deposit a protective white layer atop every outdoor statue – or so people believed. Yukio Hirose shocked and delighted the world by disproving one of these two supposedly eternal truths. He used arsenic to do it.Chemistry provides a way to communicate certain messages to birds. Yukio Hirose figured this out after he noticed that something, some mysterious who-knows-what, had consistently attracted the attention of one par...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 6, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Marc Abrahams Tags: Research Animal behaviour Chemistry Higher education Science The Guardian Features Source Type: news
Science Weekly podcast: Transplants and the future of intensive careEmail this article to a colleague.
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This week, we're focusing on some pivotal stories from the history of science and medicine. First up are human-to-human transplants and intensive care medicine. These are among the greatest successes of post-war medicine, but they also raise some of the most profound ethical questions. Ahead of a discussion at the Royal Institution in London, Kevin Fong, an anaesthetist and physiology lecturer at University College London, and medical historian Richard Barnett came into the studio to discuss how these important medical interventions started and, crucially, where they are heading. The debates will be held at the Royal Insti...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 6, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Alok Jha, Iain Chambers, Kevin Fong, Robin McKie Tags: Medical research Anthropology Science Health Society Bird flu Ethics guardian.co.uk Editorial Source Type: news
Evaluation of a transplantation specialty pharmacy program.Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion A TSP program provided a high level of satisfaction to patients and health care providers, may have influenced some clinical outcomes, and served as a source of positive margin for its institution.
PMID: 22302259 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP)
Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP - February 6, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hlubocky JM, Stuckey LJ, Schuman AD, Stevenson JG Tags: Am J Health Syst Pharm Source Type: research
Perceived Historical Drinking Norms and Current Drinking Behavior: Using the Theory of Normative Social Behavior as a Framework for Assessment. - Carcioppolo N, Jensen JD.Email this article to a colleague.
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Social norms are sustained and disseminated, both implicitly and explicitly, through the act of communication. As a result, communication researchers have sought to classify and target normative perceptions to enact social change. In line with this researc... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))
Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) - February 6, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Age: Adolescents Source Type: news
Doctors 2.0 & You - May 23-24 2012 - The HealthCare Social Media And Web 2.0 Conference!Email this article to a colleague.
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Over a full two day programme, including a Cocktail Soirée in a private, historical venue, Doctors 2.0 & You will highlight: how doctors and other healthcare professionals, patients, hospitals, government, pharma, and payers use Social Media, mobile apps, and Web 2.0 tools to connect and the best practices that emerge for each. Ask our prestigious Advisory Board! Below are 4 reasons why you should not miss Doctors 2.0 & You in 2012. Doctors 2.0 & You attracts top thought-leaders and best examples from around the world, sharing their success stories and knowledge on health 2... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - February 6, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Conferences Source Type: news
Integrating multiple data sources to assess the distribution and abundance of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in Scottish watersEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACT1The distribution, movements and abundance of highly mobile marine species such as bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus are best studied at large spatial scales, but previous research effort has generally been focused on relatively small areas, occupied by populations with high site fidelity.2We aimed to characterize the distribution, movements and abundance of bottlenose dolphins around the coasts of Scotland, exploring how data from multiple sources could be integrated to build a broader‐scale picture of their ecology.3We reviewed existing historical data, integrated data from ongoing studies and developed ne...
Source: Mammal Review - February 6, 2012 Category: Zoology Authors: Barbara CHENEYPaul M. THOMPSONSimon N. INGRAMPhilip S. HAMMONDPeter T. STEVICKJohn W. DURBANRoss M. CULLOCHSimon H. ELWENLaura MANDLEBERGVincent M. JANIKNicola J. QUICKValentina ISLAS‐VILLANUEVAKevin P. ROBINSONMarina COSTASonja M. EISFELDAlice WALTERSC Source Type: research
The French Paradox and Other Ecological FallaciesThe French Paradox and Other Ecological FallaciesEmail this article to a colleague.
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A historical perspective of ecological fallacies in medicine, which arise when disease differences identified between countries are assumed to be caused by factors that are found to also differ. International Journal of Epidemiology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - February 5, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Internal Medicine Journal Article Source Type: news
Whatever Happened to Speculative Thought? Some Historical Evidence Against Evidence-Based MedicineEmail this article to a colleague.
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Any physician can predict death as the outcome of a fatal illness, but the physician who can predict death from among seeming randomness has certainly acquired a superior level of insight. (Source: Psychiatric Times)
Source: Psychiatric Times - February 4, 2012 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: news
Global malaria mortality between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Lancet
Area: News
An analysis published in the Lancet suggests that that the malaria mortality burden globally is larger than previously estimated, especially in adults. The analysis used computer modelling to build a historical database for malaria between 1980 and 2010. Global malaria deaths increased from 995,000 in 1980 to a peak of 1,817,000 in 2004, decreasing to 1,238 000 in 2010. The data show that there were 1.24 million deaths from malaria worldwide in 2010 - around twice the figure of 655 000 estimated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for the same year. However, both the study and the WHO indicate...
Source: NeLM - News - February 3, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news
Countering health threats by chemicals with a potential terrorist background - creating a rapid alert system for Europe.Email this article to a colleague.
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CONCLUSION: The RAS-CHEM database works and will be integrated into the Health Emergency Operations Facility (HEOF) with other European Rapid Alert Systems. Poisons centres receive a large number of enquiries and could be important sentinels in this field of toxicovigilance.
PMID: 22284259 [PubMed - in process] (Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine)
Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine - February 2, 2012 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Schaper A, Desel H, Wyke S, Orford R, Griffiths MR, Edwards N, Kupferschmidt H, Mathieu M, Pelclova D, Duarte-Davidson R Tags: Eur J Intern Med Source Type: research
Nature Launches Global Scientific CalendarEmail this article to a colleague.
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Nature Publishing Group (NPG) has launched an online calendar of global scientific events. The calendar provides users with a new way to search for science events, which can also be personalized and synced to a personal online or mobile calendar. The calendar is hosted on nature.com; it is free both to view and to contribute to.
The calendar provides users with an innovative way to find important dates in science, as well as events that have been specifically selected by Nature editors. Content includes:
Conferences
Training courses
Careers events
Journal publication dates
International observances
Congress
Historical ...
Source: What's New on JEFFLINE - February 2, 2012 Category: Databases & Libraries Authors: Ann Koopman Tags: All News Clinicians Researchers Students Teaching Faculty Source Type: news
Effects of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix on Repair Integrity of At-Risk Rotator Cuff TearsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion: The augmentation of at-risk rotator cuff tears with PRFM did not result in improved retear rates or functional outcome scores compared with controls. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - February 2, 2012 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Bergeson, A. G., Tashjian, R. Z., Greis, P. E., Crim, J., Stoddard, G. J., Burks, R. T. Tags: Imaging Studies, Shoulder, Arthroscopy research-article Source Type: research
The quest for equity in Latin America: a comparative analysis of the health care reforms in Brazil and ColombiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
Neither reform seems to have had a decisive positive impact on the health outcomes analyzed for the defined time period of this research. This, in turn, may be a consequence of both internal characteristics of the respective reforms and external factors beyond the direct control of health reformers. Among the internal characteristics: underfunding, unbridled decentralization and inequitable access to care seem to have been the main constraints. Conversely, international economic adversities, high levels of rural and urban violence, along with entrenched income inequalities seem to have accounted for the highes...
Source: BioMed Central - February 2, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Roberto JF Esteves Source Type: research
Predictors of successful outcomes after external cephalic version in singleton term breech pregnancies: a nine-year historical cohort study.Email this article to a colleague.
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CONCLUSION. External cephalic version was effective in reducing breech presentations at term and corresponding caesarean section rates, but the uptake rate was low. Further work should address the barriers to the low acceptance of external cephalic version. The results of this study could encourage women to opt for external cephalic version.
PMID: 22302905 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Hong Kong Med J)
Source: Hong Kong Med J - February 1, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Cho LY, Lau WL, Lo TK, Tang HH, Leung WC Tags: Hong Kong Med J Source Type: research
Rationale and design of the TAXUS Libertē Post-Approval Study: Examination of patients receiving the TAXUS Liberté stent with concomitant prasugrel therapy in routine interventional cardiology practiceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Background: Observational studies of new coronary stents are necessary to assess performance in a variety of complex patient and lesion types. Furthermore, the optimal dose and duration of thienopyridine treatment is unclear, particularly in patients with complex clinical conditions. The TAXUS Libertē Post-Approval Study is designed to provide 5-year data on the TAXUS Liberté paclitaxel-eluting stent with concomitant prasugrel therapy in routine clinical practice and to contribute data to the DAPT study.Study Design: The TAXUS Libertē Post-Approval Study is a prospective, multicenter, observational study. Enrollment of ...
Source: American Heart Journal - February 1, 2012 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kirk N. Garratt, David P. Lee, Eileen M. Rose, Kellie J. Windle, Hsini Liao, Chuke E. Nwachuku, Kenneth J. Winters, Thomas S. Bowman, Keith D. Dawkins Tags: Trial Design Source Type: research
Functional and Biomechanical Outcomes After Using Biofeedback for Retraining Symmetrical Movement Patterns After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case ReportEmail this article to a colleague.
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DISCUSSION: This case report describes the use of a novel rehabilitation protocol intended to improve walking biomechanics and functional outcomes after TKA. Restoration of symmetrical movement patterns could improve long-term outcomes of TKA. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of similar rehabilitation strategies in a wide range of patients after TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(2):135-144. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3773KEY WORDS: motion analysis, osteoarthritis, physical therapy, rehabilitation, total knee replacement (Source: The Journal of...
Source: The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy - February 1, 2012 Category: Physiotherapy Tags: February 2012 Volume 42, No. 2 Source Type: research
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Abstract
Cover: A poster of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) decorates the wall of a restaurant in Brinkley, Arkansas (U.S.A.). The town is located near where the bird was reportedly sighted in 2004, 60 years after its presumed extinction. Th ree papers in this issue present new methods to estimate whether species are extinct. On pages 47-56, Gotelli et al. introduce a statistical method for estimating the probability of species persistence from the temporal sequence of collection dates of museum specimens. Application of the method to a case study of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker sugge...
Source: Conservation Biology - February 1, 2012 Category: Biology Tags: Conserv Biol Source Type: research
Alcohol reduces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic airway inflammation in miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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There is very limited knowledge about the effects of alcohol on airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in asthma. Historical accounts of alcohol administration to patients with breathing problems suggest that alcohol may have bronchodilating properties. We hypothesized that alcohol exposure will alter airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. To test this hypothesis, BALB/c mice were fed either 18% alcohol or water and then sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). AHR was assessed by means of ventilation or barometric plethysmography and reported as either ...
Source: AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - February 1, 2012 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Oldenburg, P. J., Poole, J. A., Sisson, J. H. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Studies on the cell biology of interendothelial cell gapsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Pain, redness, heat, and swelling are hallmarks of inflammation that were recognized as early as the first century AD. Despite these early observations, the mechanisms responsible for swelling, in particular, remained an enigma for nearly two millennia. Only in the past century have scientists and physicians gained an appreciation for the role that vascular endothelium plays in controlling the exudation that is responsible for swelling. One of these mechanisms is the formation of transient gaps between adjacent endothelial cell borders. Inflammatory mediators act on endothelium to reorganize the cytoskeleton, decrease the ...
Source: AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - February 1, 2012 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ochoa, C. D., Stevens, T. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Intersexuality in Crustacea: An environmental issue?Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
This paper aims to give a historical overview of current understanding about intersexuality in crustaceans, assesses gaps in our knowledge and asks whether it should be an environmental concern. The oldest known cases of intersexuality come from 70 million year old fossil crabs whilst the oldest published case of intersex crustacean stems from a 1730 Royal Society report of a gynandromorph lobster. Many crustacean species are sequential hermaphroditic or simultaneous hermaphrodites. Consequently, there has been confusion as to whether accounts of intersex in the literature are correct. Intersexuality is fa...
Source: Aquatic Toxicology - February 1, 2012 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ford AT Tags: Aquat Toxicol Source Type: research
Dreams and Politics: How Dreams May Influence Political DecisionsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article highlights the relevance of dreams to politics; briefly reviews historical examples of dreams from several cultures; summarises some recent research on political attitudes in the USA; and draws attention to environmental dreams as a rising political concern. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Psychotherapy and Politics International)
Source: Psychotherapy and Politics International - February 1, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Margaret Bowater Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Out of the Closet and Into the Trenches: Gay Male Baby Boomers, Aging, and HIV/AIDS.Email this article to a colleague.
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This article argues for the application of this latter approach to research into the lasting impacts of HIV/AIDS on this cohort of gay men. We examine HIV/AIDS mortality within this cohort at the epidemic's height, these deaths' concentration in urban gay communities, and the growing and increasingly diverse population of HIV-positive gay men born in the Baby Boom Years. Our conclusion suggests that a fuller examination of the role of HIV/AIDS in the lives of gay male Baby Boomers, using a life course perspective, is critical to appreciating this generation's heterogeneity and to expanding knowledge of how later life is sh...
Source: The Gerontologist - January 31, 2012 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Rosenfeld D, Bartlam B, Smith RD Tags: Gerontologist Source Type: research
The Florida Republican primary: a basket case of sick puppies | Carl HiaasenEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article was first published by the Miami Herald, and is reproduced by permissionFloridaRepublican presidential nomination 2012RepublicansBarack ObamaNewt GingrichMitt RomneyUS politicsUnited StatesCubaFidel CastroNasaUS economyCarl Hiaasenguardian.co.uk © 2012 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds (Source: Guardian Unlimited Science)
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - January 30, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Carl Hiaasen Tags: Florida Republican presidential nomination 2012 Republicans Barack Obama Newt Gingrich Mitt Romney US politics United States Cuba Fidel Castro Nasa US economy guardian.co.uk Comment Comment is free Source Type: news
Traffic of drugs: na option among limitted choicesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Este trabalho procura compreender os aspectos psicossociais que permeiam a adesão de pessoas ao tráfico de drogas em seu contexto histórico e econômico-social, por meio de pesquisa realizada no ambiente carcerário, onde foram recolhidas histórias de vida de pessoas envolvidas com o tráfico. Em um ambiente socioeconômico caracterizado pela precarização das relações de trabalho, pelo desemprego e pelo apelo consumista afinados com as premissas econômicas neoliberais tem-se uma situação de exclusão social e de cidadania. Assim, o tráfico se mostra como uma atividade econômica possibilitadora de inclusão, me...
Source: Psicologia e Sociedade - January 30, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The human being in the singular man: the historical-cultural approachEmail this article to a colleague.
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The objective of this theorical article is to present the historical-cultural approach and the theory of the activity to the understanding the constitution of the human being in the singular man. The starting point, to explain the humanization process, is the historical-cultural theory, whose epistemological origin is the dialectical materialism, from the works of Marx. The article, first, presents the central theoretical categories to the explanation of the development and constitution of the human being, such as activity, conscience, necessity, motive, appropriation. Afterwards, it presents the contributions of the theor...
Source: Psicologia e Sociedade - January 30, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
An archeological analysys of the social psychologyEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article aims to set an archaeological history of Social Psychology in Brazil based on Michel Foucault's methodological perspective. Shifting from an epistemological analysis that asks itself about the scientificity and the truth or validity of presumptions, concepts and techniques applied in field, the argument presented here questions its movements and historical trends, the confrontments and ruptures observable among the many approaches orbiting there, as well as the emergency of multiple objects which form and succeed in this domain of knowledge and procedures throughout the 20th century and in the first years of 2...
Source: Psicologia e Sociedade - January 30, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Rizatriptan in Pediatric Migraineurs in a Randomized Study.Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions.- In pediatric migraineurs, a weight-based dosing scheme generated plasma rizatriptan AUC((0-∞)) and C(max) values that were generally similar to those historically observed in adults administered a 10-mg dose of rizatriptan ODT (a proven effective dose). The data support further evaluation of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of this rizatriptan dosing scheme in larger scale clinical trials in the pediatric migraineur population.
PMID: 22289113 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Headache)
Source: Headache - January 30, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Fraser IP, Han L, Han TH, Li CC, Hreniuk D, Stoch SA, Wagner JA, Linder S, Winner P Tags: Headache Source Type: research
The Effect of Shame and Shame Memories on Paranoid Ideation and Social AnxietyEmail this article to a colleague.
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ConclusionOur study supports the evolutionary model suggesting there are two different types of ‘conspecific’ anxiety, with different evolutionary histories, functions and psychological processes. Paranoia, but less so social anxiety, is associated with traumatic impact and the centrality of shame memories. Researchers and clinicians should distinguish between types of shame memory, particularly those where the self might have felt vulnerable and subordinate and perceived others as threatening and hostile, holding malevolent intentions towards the self.Key Practitioner Message:Shame and shame memories are distinctively...
Source: Clinical Psychology - January 30, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marcela MatosJosé Pinto‐GouveiaPaul Gilbert Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Rizatriptan in Pediatric Migraineurs in a Randomized StudyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions.— In pediatric migraineurs, a weight‐based dosing scheme generated plasma rizatriptan AUC(0‐∞) and Cmax values that were generally similar to those historically observed in adults administered a 10‐mg dose of rizatriptan ODT (a proven effective dose). The data support further evaluation of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of this rizatriptan dosing scheme in larger scale clinical trials in the pediatric migraineur population. (Source: Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain)
Source: Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain - January 30, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Iain P. FraserLingling HanTae H. HanChi‐Chung LiDavid HreniukS. Aubrey StochJohn A. WagnerSteven LinderPaul Winner Source Type: research
Building Tobacco Control Research in Thailand: Meeting the Need for Innovative Change in AsiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion:
The evolution of tobacco control research in Thailand provides examples of steppingstones that LMICs may be able to use to construct their own tobacco control research pathways.Key words: tobacco control, smoking, policy, research, capacity building, secondhand smoke, Thailand, Asia (Source: BioMed Central)
Source: BioMed Central - January 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Stephen L. HamannJeremiah MockSibasis HenseNaowarut CharoencaNipapun Kungskulniti Source Type: research
A physiological marker for false memories | Mo Costandi | Neurophilosophy blogEmail this article to a colleague.
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False memories can be distinguished from real ones with a simple physiological test, report researchers from GermanyOur memories are not as accurate as we like to think they are. Every recollection is a reconstructive process, involving stitching together memory fragments rather than reproducing a ready-made whole. Inevitably, errors creep in, but in most cases our memories are accurate enough to be reliable. In some cases, however, they are not, the most striking example being false memories, or completely fabricated accounts of events that did not happen.False memories are easily created. Our memories of historical event...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - January 27, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Mo Costandi Tags: Neuroscience Human biology guardian.co.uk Blogposts Source Type: news
[Book Review] The Pursuit of LoveEmail this article to a colleague.
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Combining historical and ethnographic perspectives, Silverman explores the various ways in which researchers, practitioners, and activists have interpreted and responded to autism.Author: Beth Ann Malow (Source: Science: Current Issue)
Source: Science: Current Issue - January 27, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Beth Ann Malow Source Type: research
Patient SafetyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Perhaps ironically, the tragic sinking of the RMS Titanic, most likely as a result of human error, occurred at about same the time that Harvard physician, biochemist, and historian, Lawrence J. Henderson, famously proclaimed that the pace of progress in medicine had reached a point at which a random patient had a better than even chance of benefiting from consultation with a random physician. Since then, the availability of treatment options for virtually every ailment known to afflict humanity has exploded, resulting in an unprecedented growth in the quantity of health care services. These advances, punctuated occasionall...
Source: Surgical Clinics of North America - January 27, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Juan A. Sanchez Source Type: research
Historical Perspectives on Autism: Its Past Record of Discovery and Its Present State of Solipsism, Skepticism, and Sorrowful SuspicionEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article reviews historical links that have led to the current confusing and controversial situation that is encouraging some people to return to magic, mysticism, and mantics for health care, despite the amazing accumulation of progress in vaccinology over the past 2 centuries. (Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - January 27, 2012 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Donald E. Greydanus, Luis H. Toledo-Pereyra Source Type: research
Study Compares Three Antiretroviral Regimens to Prevent Nevirapine Resistance Mutations in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Receiving a Single Intrapartum Dose of NevirapineEmail this article to a colleague.
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“Intrapartum single-dose (SD) nevirapine (NVP) reduces perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but selects for NVP-resistant virus, which compromises subsequent NVP-based therapy. A 1-week ‘tail’ of lamivudine and zidovudine after SD-NVP decreases the risk of resistance. We hypothesized that increasing the duration or potency of the tail would further reduce this risk to <10%, using a sensitive assay to measure resistance. … HIV-infected pregnant Thai women with a CD4 cell count >250 cells/μL, most receiving zidovudine, were randomized at 28-38 weeks gestatio...
Source: AIDSinfo At-a-Glance: Offering Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research, A Service of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) - January 27, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
Psychopharmacology of the endocannabinoids: far beyond anandamideEmail this article to a colleague.
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The study of endocannabinoid pharmacology has proceeded from the discovery of 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive compound in Cannabis sativa, to the identification of an endogenous endocannabinoid system that is essential for physiological modulation of neuronal functions. We have not yet achieved a complete understanding of the various roles of the endocannabinoids, but this is one of the fastest-growing fields in psychopharmacology. This review starts with a brief historical description of the discovery of the endocannabinoids and then focuses on recent pharmacological advances and recently discovered endocann...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - January 27, 2012 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Pamplona, F., Takahashi, R. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The evolutionary history of protein fold families and proteomes confirms that the archaeal ancestor is more ancient than the ancestors of other superkingdomsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
The evolution of functions that are associated with corresponding FFs along the timeline reveals that primordial metabolic domains evolved earlier than informational domains involved in translation and transcription, supporting the metabolism-first hypothesis rather than the RNA world scenario. In addition, phylogenomic trees of proteomes reconstructed from FFs appearing in each of the five phases of the protein world show that trees reconstructed from ancient domain structures were consistently rooted in archaeal lineages, supporting the proposal that the archaeal ancestor is more ancient than the ancestors o...
Source: BMC Evolutionary Biology - Latest articles - January 27, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kyung Mo KimGustavo Caetano-Anolles Source Type: research
[Correspondence] Is Escherichia coli bacteraemia preventable?Email this article to a colleague.
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In response to yearly increases in Escherichia coli bacteraemia, the UK Department of Health recently launched mandatory E coli bacteraemia surveillance. Before starting this programme, the Department of Health should have reviewed historical data and contacted units, such as the Barking, Havering & Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust (BHRUT), that undertake bacteraemia surveillance. We have, therefore, pre-empted the surveillance findings and estimated the proportion of preventable E coli bacteraemias. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - January 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mark Melzer, Cathy Welch Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
Pediatric Renal Transplantation in a Highly Sensitised Child—8 Years OnEmail this article to a colleague.
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Highly sensitised children have markedly reduced chances of receiving a successful deceased donor renal transplant, increased risk of rejection, and decreased graft survival. There is limited experience with the long-term followup of children who have undergone desensitization. Following 2 failed transplants, our patient was highly sensitised. She had some immunological response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) but this was not sustained. We developed a protocol involving sequential therapies with rituximab, IVIg, and plasma exchange. Immunosuppressant therapy at transplantation consisted of basiliximab, tacrolimus, my...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - January 26, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Let's Play 'History As A List'Email this article to a colleague.
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History, they say, is "one damn thing after another," but when you look down any historical list, strange, curious patterns pop out.» E-Mail This » Add to Del.icio.us (Source: NPR Health and Science)
Source: NPR Health and Science - January 26, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news
Studying The Causes Of Obesity In Aboriginal ChildrenEmail this article to a colleague.
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To fully understand the causes of the obesity epidemic in Aboriginal children requires an understanding of the unique social and historical factors that shape the Aboriginal community. A review article published in Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism emphasizes that early childhood obesity prevention efforts should begin focusing with the parents before and during pregnancy and on breastfeeding initiatives and nutrition in the early childhood development stages... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - January 26, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Obesity / Weight Loss / Fitness Source Type: news
Ten-Year Outcome after Rapid Discontinuation of Prednisone in Adult Primary Kidney Transplantation.Email this article to a colleague.
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ConclusionsPrednisone-related side effects can be minimized in a protocol incorporating rapid discontinuation of prednisone for maintenance immunosuppression. Ten-year patient and graft outcomes remain acceptable.
PMID: 22282482 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN)
Source: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN - January 26, 2012 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Rizzari MD, Suszynski TM, Gillingham KJ, Dunn TB, Ibrahim HN, Payne WD, Chinnakotla S, Finger EB, Sutherland DE, Kandaswamy R, Najarian JS, Pruett TL, Kukla A, Spong R, Matas AJ Tags: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Source Type: research
Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone with or Without Radiotherapy in Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma: The Emerging Standard of Care.Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions. Based on these results, most patients with PMLBCL appear to be cured by R-CHOP in 21-day cycles with or without RT, which could be the current standard of care. Therefore, the need for more aggressive treatment strategies is questionable unless high-risk patients are adequately defined. Further studies are required to establish the precise role of RT.
PMID: 22282906 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Oncologist)
Source: The Oncologist - January 26, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Vassilakopoulos TP, Pangalis GA, Katsigiannis A, Papageorgiou SG, Constantinou N, Terpos E, Zorbala A, Vrakidou E, Repoussis P, Poziopoulos C, Galani Z, Dimopoulou MN, Kokoris SI, Sachanas S, Kalpadakis C, Dimitriadou EM, Siakantaris MP, Kyrtsonis MC, Der Tags: Oncologist Source Type: research
Clofarabine plus low‐dose cytarabine followed by clofarabine plus low‐dose cytarabine alternating with decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia frontline therapy for older patientsEmail this article to a colleague.
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CONCLUSIONS:Clofarabine plus low‐dose cytarabine alternating with decitabine in consolidation is active in older patients with newly diagnosed AML. The benefits of a prolonged consolidation remain unproven. Cancer 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)
Source: Cancer - January 26, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stefan FaderlFarhad RavandiXuelin HuangXuemei WangElias JabbourGuillermo Garcia‐ManeroTapan KadiaAlessandra FerrajoliMarina KonoplevaGautam BorthakurJan BurgerJennie FeliuHagop M. Kantarjian Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Historical change of mercury pollution in remote Yongle archipelago, South China Sea.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
We collected three ornithogenic coral sand sedimentary profiles from Jinyin Island, Jinqing Island and Guangjin Island of Yongle archipelago, South China Sea and reconstructed the deposition flux of anthropogenic Hg over the past 700years in the study area. On the whole, the anthropogenic Hg flux is relatively low; it remained at a low level before the Industrial Revolution with a small peak at about 1450-1550 AD, which may record the enhanced metallurgy activity in Ming Dynasty of China. During the 20th century, the deposition flux of anthropogenic Hg increased rapidly, but two troughs occurred during the...
Source: Chemosphere - January 25, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Liu X, Xu L, Chen Q, Sun L, Wang Y, Yan H, Liu Y, Luo Y, Huang J Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: research
“Colossal” Breakthrough: The Callosal Puncture as a Precursor to Third VentriculostomyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2011; 54: 243-246DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297249In 1908, Anton and von Bramann proposed the Balkenstich method, a corpus callosum puncture which created a communication between the ventricle and subarachnoid space. This method offered the benefit of providing continuous CSF diversion without the implantation of cannula or other shunting devices, yet it received only slight reference in the literature of the time. It remained a novel and perhaps underutilized approach at the time Cushing began expanding his neurosurgical practice at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.Following IRB approval, and through the cour...
Source: min - Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery - January 25, 2012 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Chesler, D. A.Pendleton, C.Jallo, G. I.Quiñones-Hinojosa, A. Tags: Historical Article Source Type: research
Definitions of schizophrenia, 1908-1987: The failed essentialismEmail this article to a colleague.
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This work examines the historical conceptualization of schizophrenia through definition from 1908–1987. Rather than reveal an essentialist definition of schizophrenia in North America, it reveals a history of varying and competing professional definitions. It demonstrates and historically contextualizes how widespread conceptual instability and disagreement over the nature of the concept gave rise to a new, but still contested, theoretical emphasis on operational definitions. As made manifest through definition, schizophrenia has not been a stable transhistorical object. Rather, the characteristic feature in schizoph...
Source: Theory - January 25, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: McNally, K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Roche offers to acquire all outstanding shares of Illumina, Inc. to further strengthen its leading role in diagnosticsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Roche announced today that it is proposing to acquire all outstanding shares of Illumina, Inc. (NASDAQ:ILMN) for $44.50 per share in cash, or an aggregate of approximately $5.7 billion on a fully diluted basis. This offer represents a 64% premium over Illumina’s stock price on December 21, 2011 – the day before market rumors about a potential transaction between Roche and Illumina drove Illumina’s stock price significantly higher – a 61% premium over the one-month historical average and a 43% premium over the three-month historical average of Illumina’s share price, both as of December 21. It ...
Source: Roche Investor Update - January 24, 2012 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news
Risk management of biosimilars in oncology: each medicine is a work in progressEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Drug licensing and drug safety monitoring for standard chemical entities have been established and are routinely used. These
have resulted in a solid foundation of knowledge from which confident therapeutic decisions can be made. For many chemical
entities, this advanced level of experience is also present for the generic products. The expertise surrounding the development
of biosimilar competitor versions is increasing and progress is encouraging. To address the re-engineering and comparability
complexities of biosimilars, the European Union imposed a requirement that risk management plans be inclu...
Source: Targeted Oncology - January 24, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Targeted Oncology Source Type: research
