History of Medicine Research This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 22.

Spatial synchrony of malaria outbreaks in a highland region of EthiopiaSynchronie spatiale des épidémies de paludisme dans une région montagneuse d’EthiopieSincronía espacial de brotes de malaria en la región alta de Etiopía
Abstract To understand the drivers and consequences of malaria in epidemic‐prone regions, it is important to know whether epidemics emerge independently in different areas as a consequence of local contingencies, or whether they are synchronised across larger regions as a result of climatic fluctuations and other broad‐scale drivers. To address this question, we collected historical malaria surveillance data for the Amhara region of Ethiopia and analysed them to assess the consistency of various indicators of malaria risk and determine the dominant spatial and temporal patterns of malaria within the region. We collecte...
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - August 5, 2012 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Michael C. Wimberly, Alemayehu Midekisa, Paulos Semuniguse, Hiwot Teka, Geoffrey M. Henebry, Ting‐Wu Chuang, Gabriel B. Senay Source Type: research

Meta-analysis of environmental contamination by alkylphenols.
This study is aimed at identifying both the correlations existing between environmental compartments and the processes that influence the fate and transport of these contaminants in the environment. In industrial countries, the concentrations observed in waterways now represent the background level of contamination, which provides evidence of a past diffuse pollution in these countries, whereas sediment analyses conducted in developing countries show an increase in APE content over the last several years. Finally, similar trends have been observed in samples drawn from Europe and North America. PMID: 22864754 [PubMed -...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - August 5, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Bergé A, Cladière M, Gasperi J, Coursimault A, Tassin B, Moilleron R Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

Spatial synchrony of malaria outbreaks in a highland region of Ethiopia
Abstract To understand the drivers and consequences of malaria in epidemic‐prone regions, it is important to know whether epidemics emerge independently in different areas as a consequence of local contingencies, or whether they are synchronised across larger regions as a result of climatic fluctuations and other broad‐scale drivers. To address this question, we collected historical malaria surveillance data for the Amhara region of Ethiopia and analysed them to assess the consistency of various indicators of malaria risk and determine the dominant spatial and temporal patterns of malaria within the region. We collecte...
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - August 5, 2012 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Michael C. Wimberly, Alemayehu Midekisa, Paulos Semuniguse, Hiwot Teka, Geoffrey M. Henebry, Ting‐Wu Chuang, Gabriel B. Senay Source Type: research

A "crutch to assist in gaining an honest living": dispensary shopkeeping by Scottish general practitioners and the responses of the British medical elite, ca. 1852-1911.
This article examines the practice among general practitioners in Scotland of keeping shops for dispensary and retail purposes in the late nineteenth century. It demonstrates that while doctors kept such open shops in these areas in order to subsidize their income in a crowded medical market, they argued that shopkeeping allowed them to provide medical care in communities where the population was otherwise too poor to pay for such care. The article compares shopkeeping to medical "covering" and assesses the medical hierarchy's reactions to shopkeeping doctors via disciplinary actions taken against some of these doctors by ...
Source: Bulletin of the History of Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Jenkinson J Tags: Bull Hist Med Source Type: research

Sauvons les Bébés: child health and U.S. humanitarian aid in the First World War era.
Abstract From 1917 to 1923, the American Red Cross organized an array of long-term child health projects in Europe as part of its larger wartime and post-war humanitarian efforts. Across the continent, the organization established child health clinics, better baby shows, playgrounds, fresh air camps, and courses for women on infant and child hygiene. Hundreds of U.S. doctors, nurses, and other child welfare professionals traveled to Europe to administer these programs. These activities call attention to American efforts to reform the health of European youth and, in so doing, to reshape European medicine and Europe...
Source: Bulletin of the History of Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Irwin JF Tags: Bull Hist Med Source Type: research

"A startling new chemotherapeutic agent": pediatric infectious disease and the introduction of sulfonamides at Baltimore's Sydenham Hospital.
Abstract Using pediatric patient records from Baltimore's Sydenham Hospital, this article explores the adoption of sulfa drugs in pediatrics. It discusses how clinicians dealt with questions of dosing and side effects and the impact of the sulfonamides on two diagnoses in children: meningococcal meningitis and pneumonia. The care of infants and children with infectious diseases made demands on physicians and nurses that differed from those facing clinicians treating adult patients. The article demonstrates the need to distinguish between pediatric and adult medical history. It suggests that the new therapeutics dem...
Source: Bulletin of the History of Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Connolly C, Golden J, Schneider B Tags: Bull Hist Med Source Type: research

Methods and management: NIH administrators, federal oversight, and the Framingham Heart Study.
This article explores the 1965 controversy over the Framingham Heart Study in the midst of growing oversight into the management of science at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It describes how, beginning in the early 1960s, federal overseers demanded that NIH administrators adopt particular management styles in administering programs and how these growing pressures led administrators to favor investigative pursuits that allowed for easy prospective accounting of program payoffs, especially those based on experimental methods designed to examine discrete interventions or outcomes of interest. In light of this changi...
Source: Bulletin of the History of Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Patel SS Tags: Bull Hist Med Source Type: research

History for the future (of nursing).
PMID: 22359996 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: Nursing History Review - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Fairman J Tags: Nurs Hist Rev Source Type: research

"To help a million sick, you must kill a few nurses": nurses' occupational health, 1890-1914.
This article uses the local history of three case study institutions to set nurses' health in a national context of political, social, and cultural issues, and suggests a relationship between nurses' health and the professionalization of nursing. The institutions approached the problem differently for good reasons, but the failure to adopt a coherent and consistent policy worked to the detriment of nurses' health. However, the conclusion that occupational health was somehow neglected by contemporary actors was, nevertheless, erroneous and facilitated omission of the subject from historical studies concentrating on professi...
Source: Nursing History Review - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Palmer D Tags: Nurs Hist Rev Source Type: research

"Who would know better than the girls in white?" Nurses as experts in postwar magazine advertising, 1945-1950.
Abstract American advertising in the period immediately following the Second World War portrayed nurses as trusted advisers and capable professionals and frequently pictured them performing skilled work, including dispensing medicine and assisting in surgery. Advertisements published in a range of magazines whose target audiences varied by gender, race, age, and class show that nurses in postwar advertisements embodied two broad categories of representation: (a) medical authority, scientific progress, and hospital cleanliness; and (b) feminine expertise, especially in female and family health. Typically portrayed a...
Source: Nursing History Review - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Johnson E Tags: Nurs Hist Rev Source Type: research

Maternal expectations: new mothers, nurses, and breastfeeding.
This article explores the role that nurses played in these women's struggles to breastfeed in the years between the end of World War II and the 1970s. The role of the nurse in shaping the meaning and experience of breastfeeding in America has been an important, albeit often overlooked, part of the history of infant feeding. In addition to exploring the ways in which hospital policies and structures shaped nurses' relationships with breastfeeding mothers, this article looks at how different maternal ideologies influenced the nature of these (mostly) same-sex interactions. This article argues that the ideas about, and experi...
Source: Nursing History Review - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Martucci J Tags: Nurs Hist Rev Source Type: research

Community mental health nursing in Alberta, Canada: an oral history.
Abstract Community mental health nurses had a central role in the construction of new rehabilitative practices and community mental health services in the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose of this article is, first, to explore how nurses understood and created their new role and identity in the turbulent context of deinstitutionalization. The development of after care services for patients discharged from Alberta Hospital in Ponoka (AH-Ponoka), a large mental institution in Calgary, in the Canadian province of Alberta, will be used as a case study. I specifically focus on the establishment of outpatient services in a ne...
Source: Nursing History Review - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Boschma G Tags: Nurs Hist Rev Source Type: research

"Time enough! Or not enough time!" An oral history investigation of some British and Australian community nurses' responses to demands for "efficiency" in health care, 1960-2000.
Abstract Oral history methodology was used to investigate the perspectives of retired British district nurses and Australian domiciliary nurses who had practiced between 1960 and 2000. Interviews yielded insights into the dramatic changes in community nursing practice during the last four decades of the 20th century. Massive changes in health care and government-led drives for greater efficiency meant moving from practice governed by "experiential time" (in which perception of time depends on the quality of experience) to practice governed by "measured time" (in which experience itself is molded by the measurement ...
Source: Nursing History Review - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Hallett CE, Madsen W, Pateman B, Bradshaw J Tags: Nurs Hist Rev Source Type: research

China confidential: methodological and ethical challenges in global nursing historiography.
Abstract As the history of nursing as a field of scholarship expands its global consciousness, it seems timely to join other scholars of international history in rethinking conventional approaches to historiography. The lament by mission scholars at the invisibility of nurses and indigenous workers in historical mission records coincides with calls by China scholars to reconsider traditional reliance on English-language data generation and interpretation for an English-speaking audience. In a similar way, nursing scholars are challenging historians of nursing to find ways to build a body of scholarship and a cadre ...
Source: Nursing History Review - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Grypma S, Wu N Tags: Nurs Hist Rev Source Type: research

Historical thinking and the shaping of nursing identity.
This article presents findings of a study that examined the concept of "historical thinking"-what it is, how it develops, and what it contributes to practice-based professions-based on student postings in these courses. Analysis suggests that primary sources and critical appraisal skills are keys to the formation of historical thinking, and that these courses fostered a strong sense of professional identity among participants who often lamented lack of previous exposure to nursing history. Online nursing history courses can capitalize on e-learning technologies, and fit crowded curricula and student learning styles, while ...
Source: Nursing History Review - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Toman C, Thifault MC Tags: Nurs Hist Rev Source Type: research

RIP Military Historian John Keegan, Who Saw War as Product of Culture Rather Than Biology
John Keegan, whom The New York Times called “the preeminent military historian of his era,” is dead. 78 years old, he died after a long illness in England, where he was born and bred. Among his 20-plus books was A History of Warfare (Alfred A. Knopf, 1993), one of the best-written and most insightful investigations of violent conflict that I’ve read. Keegan takes you through the entire history of war, from the ancient Greek battles chronicled by Thucydides right up through the Cold War and the First Gulf War. Keegan’s book serves as a potent counterpoint to and more, refutation of popular claims ...
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - August 4, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Evolution,Technology,Health,Mind & Brain Source Type: research

Francis Bacon and the classification of natural history.
Abstract This paper analyses the place of natural history within Bacon's divisions of the sciences in The Advancement of Learning (1605) and the later De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum (1623). It is shown that at various points in Bacon's divisions, natural history converges or overlaps with natural philosophy, and that, for Bacon, natural history and natural philosophy are not discrete disciplines. Furthermore, it is argued that Bacon's distinction between operative and speculative natural philosophy and the place of natural history within this distinction, are discontinuous with the later distinction between ...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Anstey P Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: research

Francis Bacon's natural history and civil history: a comparative survey.
Abstract The aim of this paper is to offer a comparative survey of Bacon's theory and practice of natural history and of civil history, particularly centered on their relationship to natural philosophy and human philosophy. I will try to show that the obvious differences concerning their subject matter encompass a number of less obvious methodological and philosophical assumptions which reveal a significant practical and conceptual convergence of the two fields. Causes or axioms are prescribed as the theoretical end-products of natural history, whereas precepts are envisaged as the speculative outcomes derived from...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Manzo S Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: research

Historia and materia: the philosophical implications of Francis Bacon's natural history.
This article examines the philosophical implications underlying Bacon's views on historical knowledge, paying special attention to that variety of historical knowledge described by Bacon as "natural." More specifically, this article explores the interplay of history (historia) and fable (fabula). In the sphere of thought, fabula is the equivalent to materia in nature. Both are described by Bacon as being "versatile" and "pliant." In Bacon's system of knowledge, philosophy, as the domain of reason, starts from historiae and fabulae, once memory and the imagination have fulfilled their cognitive tasks. This means that, for B...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Giglioni G Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: research

Res, veluti per machinas, conficiatur: natural history and the 'mechanical' reform of natural philosophy.
Abstract This paper revisits Bacon's persistent 'mechanical' imagery by which he described the 'aid' through which the human mind would be rendered adequate to framing axioms about nature's processes and properties that underlie all natural phenomena. It argues that the role Bacon ascribed to his own insights into the properties and motions of matter is crucial for grasping such instrumental imagery, because his own writings--both methodological and natural historical--need to be read as themselves comprising, at least in incipient form, the very instruments of which they speak. From that reflexive standpoint, this...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Stewart IG Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: research

Francis Bacon: constructing natural histories of the invisible.
Abstract The natural histories contained in Francis Bacon's Historia naturalis et experimentalis seem to differ from the model presented in De augmentis scientiarum and the Descriptio globi intellectualis in that they are focused on the defining properties of matter, its primary schematisms and the spirits. In this respect, they are highly speculative. In this paper I aim to describe the Historia naturalis et experimentalis as a text about matter theory, the histories of which are ascending from what is most evident to the senses to what is least accessible to them. Moreover, the Latin natural histories are parts o...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Rusu DC Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: research

The history of life and death: a 'spiritual' history from invisible matter to prolongation of life.
Abstract Over a long period of time, particularly from the nineteenth century on, Francis Bacon's philosophy has been interpreted as centred on the Novum organum and focused on the role that a well-organized method may play in securing a reliable knowledge of nature. In fact, if we examine Bacon's oeuvre as a whole, including some recent manuscript findings (De vijs mortis), we can safely argue that the issues addressed in the Novum organum represent only a part of Bacon's agenda, and not even the most important ones. By contrast, it is apparent that, from the very beginning of his investigations, he emphasized the...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Gemelli B Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: research

Redefining the role of experiment in Bacon's natural history: how Baconian was Descartes before emerging from his cocoon?
Abstract In this article we argue that the views that Francis Bacon and René Descartes held about the role of experiments in the process of discovery are closer than previously accepted. Looking at the way experiments and the heuristics of experimentation are embedded in Bacon's posthumous History of Dense and Rare and Descartes' Discourses 8, 9, 10 of the Meteorology, we will show that experiments help the investigator both in solving specific problems that could not have otherwise been foreseen and in generating relevant information that advances the scope of the investigation. PMID: 22702170 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: Early Science and Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Georgescu L, Giurgea M Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: research

Natural knowledge as a propaedeutic to self-betterment: Francis Bacon and the transformation of natural history.
Abstract This paper establishes the 'emblematic' use of natural history as a propaedeutic to self-betterment in the Renaissance; in particular, in the natural histories of Gessner and Topsell, but also in the works of Erasmus and Rabelais. Subsequently, it investigates how Francis Bacon's conception of natural history is envisaged in relation to them. The paper contends that, where humanist natural historians understood the use of natural knowledge as a preliminary to individual improvement, Bacon conceived self-betterment foremost as a means to Christian charity, or social-betterment. It thus examines the transfor...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Lancaster JA Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: research

Francis Bacon's natural history and the Senecan natural histories of early modern Europe.
Abstract At various stages in his career, Francis Bacon claimed to have reformed and changed traditional natural history in such a way that his new "natural and experimental history" was unlike any of its ancient or humanist predecessors. Surprisingly, such claims have gone largely unquestioned in Baconian scholarship. Contextual readings of Bacon's natural history have compared it, so far, only with Plinian or humanist natural history. This paper investigates a different form of natural history, very popular among Bacon's contemporaries, but yet unexplored by contemporary students of Bacon's works. I have provisio...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Jalobeanu D Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: research

(See symbol in text) in early modern discussions of the passions: Stoicism, Christianity and natural history.
Abstract This paper examines the reception of the Stoic theory of the passions in the early modern period, highlighting various differences between the way notions such as (see symbol in text) (complete freedom from passions) and(see symbol in text) (pre-passions) were handled and interpreted by Continental and English authors. Both groups were concerned about the compatibility of Stoicism with Christianity, but came to opposing conclusions; and while the Continental scholars drew primarily on ancient philosophical texts, the English ones relied, in addition, on experience and observation, developing a natural hist...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Kraye J Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: research

John Abernethy: Calvinist natural histories of the soul in the seventeenth century.
Abstract This paper looks at the relation of natural history, in its guise as an observational genre and one which tended to offer competing explanations of its phenomena, to the discourse of practical divinity. Natural history is here intended as a genre in which the practice of observation is accorded a significant place and a genre which lends itself to the accumulation of competing explanatory accounts of the phenomena ('polycausal'). In particular, it examines the relation of the cognitive and the practical with respect to a rather unusual instance of that discourse. It attempts to site the work of practical d...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - August 4, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Andersson DC Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: research

Gender Differences in the Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Outcomes of Ischemic Heart Failure
Abstract Despite advances in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF) remains a frequent acute and long-term outcome of ischemic heart disease (IHD). In response to acute coronary ischemia, women are relatively protected from apoptosis, and experience less adverse cardiac remodeling than men, frequently resulting in preservation of left ventricular size and ejection fraction. Despite these advantages, women are at increased risk for HF- complicating acute MI when compared with men. However, women with HF retain a survival advantage over men with HF, including a decreased risk of ...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - August 4, 2012 Category: Cardiology Tags: Current Heart Failure Reports Source Type: research

Mild Prolonged Hypothermia for Large Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Conclusions These data support the promising results of our first case series on TH in large ICH. TH prevents the development of PHE and its complications. Side effects of TH appeared often, but could be treated sufficiently. Therefore, TH might represent a new therapy for PHE after large ICH, but has to be further tested in randomized trials. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s12028-012-9762-5Authors Dimitre Staykov, Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyIngrid Wagner, Department of Neurology, Uni...
Source: Neurocritical Care - August 3, 2012 Category: Neurology Tags: Neurocritical Care Source Type: research

The changing limits and incidence of malaria in Africa: 1939-2009.
Abstract Understanding the historical, temporal changes of malaria risk following control efforts in Africa provides a unique insight into what has been and might be archived towards a long-term ambition of elimination on the continent. Here, we use archived published and unpublished material combined with biological constraints on transmission accompanied by a narrative on malaria control to document the changing incidence of malaria in Africa since earliest reports pre-second World War. One result is a more informed mapped definition of the changing margins of transmission in 1939, 1959, 1979, 1999 and 2009. ...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - August 3, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Snow RW, Amratia P, Kabaria CW, Noor AM, Marsh K Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: research

Northern host-parasite assemblages: history and biogeography on the borderlands of episodic climate and environmental transition.
Abstract Diversity among assemblages of mammalian hosts and parasites in northern terrestrial ecosystems was structured by a deep history of biotic and abiotic change that overlies a complex geographic arena. Since the Pliocene, Holarctic ecosystems assembled in response to shifting climates (glacial and interglacial stages). Cycles of episodic dispersal/isolation and diversification defined northern diversity on landscape to regional scales. Episodes of geographic expansion and colonisation linked Eurasia and North America across Beringia and drove macroevolutionary structure of host and parasite associations. Asy...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - August 3, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Hoberg EP, Galbreath KE, Cook JA, Kutz SJ, Polley L Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: research

"Push through one-way valve" mechanism of viral DNA packaging.
Abstract Double-stranded (ds)DNA viruses package their genomic DNA into a procapsid using a force-generating nanomotor powered by ATP hydrolysis. Viral DNA packaging motors are mainly composed of the connector channel and two DNA packaging enzymes. In 1998, it was proposed that viral DNA packaging motors exercise a mechanism similar to the action of AAA+ ATPases that assemble into ring-shaped oligomers, often hexamers, with a central channel (Guo et al. Molecular Cell, 2:149). This chapter focuses on the most recent findings in the bacteriophage ϕ29 DNA packaging nanomotor to address this intriguing notion. Almost...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - August 3, 2012 Category: Virology Authors: Zhang H, Schwartz C, De Donatis GM, Guo P Tags: Adv Virus Res Source Type: research

Bioactive glass-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Abstract Originally developed to fill and restore bone defects, bioactive glasses are currently also being intensively investigated for bone tissue engineering applications. In this chapter, we review and discuss current knowledge on porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds made from bioactive silicate glasses. A brief historical review and the fundamental requirements in the field of bone tissue engineering scaffolds will be presented, followed by a detailed overview of recent developments in bioactive glass-based scaffolds. In addition, the effects of ionic dissolution products of bioactive glasses on osteogenesi...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - August 3, 2012 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Will J, Gerhardt LC, Boccaccini AR Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: research

Genotyping of present day and historical Geobacillus spp. isolates from milk powders using high resolution melt analysis (HRMA) of multiple variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci.
In conclusion, the MLV-HRMA method is useful for genotyping Geobacillus spp. to provide insight into the prevalence and persistence of certain genotypes within milk powder processing plants. PMID: 22865061 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology - August 3, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: Seale RB, Dhakal R, Chauhan K, Craven HM, Deeth HC, Pillidge CJ, Powell IB, Turner MS Tags: Appl Environ Microbiol Source Type: research

Sodium channel blockers as therapeutic target for treating epilepsy: recent updates.
Abstract The voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are a family of membrane proteins forming a pore, through which they selectively conduct sodium ions inward and outward cell's plasma membranes in response to variations of membrane potentials, playing a fundamental role in controlling cellular excitability. Growing evidences suggest that abnormal VGSCs are involved in the pathophysiology of both acquired and inherited epilepsy. Approximately two dozen drugs are currently marketed for the treatment of epilepsy and most of them act as sodium channel blockers, preventing the return of the channels to the active state...
Source: Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry - August 2, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Zuliani V, Fantini M, Rivara M Tags: Curr Top Med Chem Source Type: research

High lactose tolerance in North Europeans: a result of migration, not in situ milk consumption.
Abstract The main carbohydrate in milk is lactose, which must be hydrolyzed to glucose and galactose before the sugars can be digested. While 65% or more of the total human population are lactose intolerant, in some human populations lactase activity commonly persists into adulthood. Lactose tolerance is exceptionally widespread in Northern European countries such as Sweden and Finland, with tolerance levels of 74% and 82%, respectively. Theoretically, this may result either from a strong local selection pressure for lactose tolerance, or from immigration of lactose tolerant people to Northern Europe. We provide se...
Source: Perspectives in Biology and Medicine - August 2, 2012 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Vuorisalo T, Arjamaa O, Vasemägi A, Taavitsainen JP, Tourunen A, Saloniemi I Tags: Perspect Biol Med Source Type: research

Thirty years of cornea cultivation: long‐term experience in a single eye bank
Conclusion: Donor demographic data run parallel to the general demographic development. Our analysis indicates a dynamic development of the eye bank over the last 30 years and emphasizes the need for an active quality management in coping with the challenges of modern eye banking.
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - August 2, 2012 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Stephan J. Linke, Mau‐Thek Eddy, Jürgen Bednarz, Otto H. Fricke, Birgit Wulff, Ann‐Sophie Schröder, Andrea Hassenstein, Maren Klemm, Klaus Püschel, Gisbert Richard, Olaf J. C. Hellwinkel Source Type: research

Phenotypic Effects of Cattle Mitochondrial DNA in American Bison.
We examined the phenotypic effect of this ancestry by comparing weight and height of bison with cattle or bison mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Santa Catalina Island, California (U.S.A.), a nutritionally stressful environment for bison, and of a group of age-matched feedlot bison males in Montana, a nutritionally rich environment. The environmental and nutritional differences between these 2 bison populations were very different and demonstrated the phenotypic effect of domestic cattle mtDNA in bison over a broad range of conditions. For example, the average weight of feedlot males that were 2 years of age was 2.54 times gr...
Source: Conservation Biology - August 2, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Derr JN, Hedrick PW, Halbert ND, Plough L, Dobson LK, King J, Duncan C, Hunter DL, Cohen ND, Hedgecock D Tags: Conserv Biol Source Type: research

Human relaxin-2: historical perspectives and role in cancer biology.
Abstract One of the most recognised and studied family of peptide hormones is the insulin superfamily. Within this family is the relaxin subfamily which comprises seven members: relaxin-1, -2 and -3 and insulin-like peptides 3, 4, 5 and 6. Besides exhibiting sequence similarities, each member exists as an active A-B heterodimer linked by three disulfide bonds. This mini-review is divided into three broad themes: an overview of all insulin superfamily members (including structural similarities); roles of each superfamily member and finally, a focus on the pleiotropic peptide hormone, human relaxin-2. In addition to ...
Source: Amino Acids - August 2, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nair VB, Samuel CS, Separovic F, Hossain MA, Wade JD Tags: Amino Acids Source Type: research

Privacy protection and public goods: building a genetic database for health research in Newfoundland and Labrador.
CONCLUSION: The complementary legal and ethical frameworks that now coexist in Newfoundland and Labrador provide the legislative authority, ethical legitimacy, and practical flexibility needed to find a workable balance between privacy interests and public goods. Such an approach may also be instructive for other jurisdictions as they seek to construct and use biobanks and related research platforms for genetic research. PMID: 22859644 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association - August 2, 2012 Category: Information Technology Authors: Kosseim P, Pullman D, Perrot-Daley A, Hodgkinson K, Street C, Rahman P Tags: J Am Med Inform Assoc Source Type: research

Review on recent applications of the liquid waveguide capillary cell in flow based analysis techniques to enhance the sensitivity of spectroscopic detection methods.
Abstract Incorporation of long path length liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC or LCW) into spectrometric detection systems can increase the sensitivity of these by orders of magnitude (up to 500 times), and consequently can reduce the detection limits. The combination of the long path length spectrophotometry with flow methodologies can provide analytical solutions for various challenges in the field of environmental, biochemical and food chemistry. In this present work, the analytical applications of the long capillary cells are summarised and critically discussed. A historical overview of the cell development ...
Source: Analytica Chimica Acta - August 1, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Páscoa RN, Tóth IV, Rangel AO Tags: Anal Chim Acta Source Type: research

Angiographic and platelet reactivity outcomes with prasugrel 60 mg pretreatment and clopidogrel 600 mg pretreatment in primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Abstract Pretreatment with 60 mg of prasugrel is more effective than 300 mg of clopidogrel in reducing thrombotic complications with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We compared angiographic outcomes and platelet reactivity between treatment with 60 mg of prasugrel and 600 mg of clopidogrel administered before primary PCI. In this single centre non-randomized study, 65 consecutive Asian patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) received 60 mg of prasugrel before primary PCI. The pre- and post-PCI corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame co...
Source: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - August 1, 2012 Category: Hematology Tags: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis Source Type: research

Strategies of power in the context of maternity Carmela Dutra : Florianópolis-SC (1956-1986)
This study examines the strategies of power in the context of Maternity Carmela Dutra, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the period 1956 to 1986. Qualitative research with socio-historical approach. Eight nurses were interviewed using the technique of thematic oral history. The data were categorized using qualitative analysis and based on Foucaultian referential. Three categories emerged: the power to give birth in space, the use of uniforms as a strategy of power, medical visit: a place of power-knowledge. The results indicate that the role of the nurse in the maternity was consolidating its professionalism, show...
Source: Texto e Contexto - Enfermagem - August 1, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

[Professional competences in Public Health: concepts, origins, approaches and applications].
Abstract Professional competences are an issue that has been much discussed in several areas including health. The need for new modes of work processes as a result of the change in model of care and epidemiology of diseases has sparked discussion and debate in this area. In this context, the objective of this paper is to present a review of the construct of competence to understand their socio-historical context and their applicability in the context of health. It was presented the main approaches cited in the literature and their diverse backgrounds on the issue. Also it was reported the application of the concept...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem - August 1, 2012 Category: Nursing Authors: Fragelli TB, Shimizu HE Tags: Rev Bras Enferm Source Type: research

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in the Dog: Historical Background, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Abstract: This overview summarizes research performed during the last decades that has had an impact on the diagnosis and management of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dogs. Pancreatic acinar atrophy is by far the most common cause for the maldigestion signs of canine EPI. The ability to diagnose pancreatic acinar atrophy in the subclinical phase before the development of total acinar atrophy and manifestation of clinical signs has offered new possibilities to study the pathogenesis of the disease. Diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction is based on typical findings in clinical histories and clinical signs...
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - August 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Elias Westermarck, Maria Wiberg Tags: Topical Reviews Source Type: research

Getting to goal: how thiazide-type diuretics, following the guidelines, and improving patient adherence can help. Module 1: historical review of evidence-based treatment of hypertension.
Abstract Hypertension is a transformative condition in modern medicine due to the various numeric definitions of the disease, the decision of when to initiate therapy and to what level to treat, and the evolution of our understanding of the long-term complications of the hypertensive disease process. PMID: 22993740 [PubMed - in process]
Source: The Journal of Family Practice - August 1, 2012 Category: Practice Management Authors: White WB Tags: J Fam Pract Source Type: research

Tuberculosis, AIDS and tuberculosis-AIDS co-infection in a large city.
This study aimed to analyze the incidence of tuberculosis (TB), AIDS and tuberculosis-AIDS co-infection in the municipality of Campinas, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the period 2001 - 2009. A historical trend study, it uses secondary data from the Tuberculosis Surveillance Database of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and the São Paulo State STD-AIDS Center of Excellence and Training. It included new cases of TB, AIDS, and of tuberculosis-AIDS reported in the municipality of Campinas. A decrease in cases of TB until 2007 was observed, with an increase in 2008 and 2009. There was a general reduction in AIDS fr...
Source: Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem - August 1, 2012 Category: Nursing Authors: Saita NM, Oliveira HB Tags: Rev Lat Am Enfermagem Source Type: research

The future of community-centred health services in Australia: 'When too many beds are not enough'.
Abstract The authors welcome a constructive debate on the future of community-centred health services. Therefore, we have written this piece in response to an article published by Cunningham in the previous edition of the Australian Health Review (Cunningham, Australian Health Review 2012; 36: 121-124), which was a very limited analysis and misleading critique of our previous contribution to this journal (Rosen et al. Australian Health Review 2010; 34: 106-115). The focus here is necessarily brief and does not stand in for a detailed analysis of the evidence base. The aim instead, is to draw attention back to the b...
Source: Australian Health Review - August 1, 2012 Category: Hospital Management Authors: Rosen A, Gurr R, Fanning P, Owen A Tags: Aust Health Rev Source Type: research

The New Microbiology: A conference at the Institut de France.
Abstract In May 2012, three European Academies held a conference on the present and future of microbiology. The conference, entitled "The New Microbiology", was a joint effort of the French Académie des sciences, of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and of the British Royal Society. The organizers - Pascale Cossart and Philippe Sansonetti from the "Académie des sciences", David Holden and Richard Moxon from the "Royal Society", and Jörg Hacker and Jürgen Hesseman from the "Leopoldina Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften" - wanted to highlight the current renaissance in the field of microbiolog...
Source: Comptes Rendus Biologies - August 1, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Radoshevich L, Bierne H, Ribet D, Cossart P Tags: C R Biol Source Type: research

Coding for pathology tests - strengths and weaknesses.
Abstract Laboratory professionals will increasingly find themselves called upon to assist with the coding of pathology test requests and reported results in the era of the e-Health Record (EHR). EHR users from outside pathology, including patients and clinicians, will expect seamless integration of pathology services, and question variations in test nomenclature, units, reference intervals, and interpretive comments. Scientists and pathologists will need to be ready to work with colleagues outside their traditional scientific disciplines, along with IT and terminology experts, to resolve illogical historical variat...
Source: The Clinical Biochemist. Reviews - August 1, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Flatman R Tags: Clin Biochem Rev Source Type: research