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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 29.

Unplanned admission after day surgery: A historical cohort study in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
CONCLUSIONS: We did not identify a clinically important increased rate of unplanned admission associated with a prior diagnosis of OSA. PMID: 22766625 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia - July 6, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Bryson GL, Gomez CP, Jee RM, Blackburn J, Taljaard M, Forster AJ Tags: Can J Anaesth Source Type: research

The End of an Era
AbstractThis historical reprint from Public Health Nursing (Ramsay, ) summarizes the history of public health nursing services rendered by the Red Cross from its creation in 1912 until their termination in June 1951. The author was a public relations writer for the Red Cross. The paper is historically important for it provides chronology and perspective on the role of the Red Cross institutionalizing public health nursing and home nursing care in the United States during the first half of the 20th century. Of note are the three nursing services through which the Red Cross operated, each denoting a particular time and focus...
Source: Public Health Nursing - July 6, 2012 Category: Nursing Authors: Alma Gaines Ramsay Tags: History Source Type: research

Historical and Ecological Controls on Phylogenetic Diversity in Californian Plant Communities.
The American Naturalist, Volume 180, Issue 2, Page 257-269, August 2012.
Source: The American Naturalist - July 5, 2012 Category: Zoology Tags: article Articles Source Type: research

"We're Still in a Struggle": Dine Resilience, Survival, Historical Trauma, and Healing
As part of a community/university collaborative effort to promote the mental health and well-being of Diné (Navajo) youth, we explored the relevance of addressing historical trauma and current structural stressors, and of building on individual and community strengths through healing and social transformation at multiple levels. Qualitative analyses of 74 ethnographic interviews with 37 Diné youth, parents, and grandparents suggested that a focus on historical trauma as a conceptual frame for behavioral health inequities, understood within the context of resilience and survival, is appropriate. Our findings a...
Source: Qualitative Health Research - July 5, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Goodkind, J. R., Hess, J. M., Gorman, B., Parker, D. P. Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research

Clinical characteristics of patients who have recovered from schizophrenia: the role of empathy and positive‐self schema
ConclusionThese results suggest that empathy, positive‐self schema and neurocognitive functioning may serve as important clinical characteristics distinguishing those patients who have recovered from those who have achieved only remission.
Source: Early Intervention in Psychiatry - July 5, 2012 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Young‐Chul Chung, Hyun‐Min Kim, Keon‐Hak Lee, Tong Zhao, Guang‐Biao Huang, Tae‐Won Park, Jong‐Chul Yang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Before empowerment: residents' memories of the role of the housemother in diaconal residential care settings in Germany 1945–1995
This study explores a highly controversial area which is of great relevance for current mental health nursing practice: the power relations in diaconal families. This demonstrates the importance of integrating autonomy and empowerment into everyday communal life and contributes to professional nursing practice.
Source: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing - July 5, 2012 Category: Nursing Authors: D. HÄNDLER‐SCHUSTER, M. SCHULZ, J. BEHRENS Source Type: research

Tobacco and CVD: A Historical Perspective
Tobacco consumption, in the past few decades has arguably been established as one of the most significant preventable causes of mortality and morbidity globally . Recent projections estimate that tobacco kills at least 6 million people globally every year, which is much higher than the combined mortality caused by diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, and malaria . The low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are the worst affected by the tobacco epidemic . It is estimated that by 2030, more than 80% of the tobacco-related deaths will occur in LMICs .
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - July 4, 2012 Category: Cardiology Authors: Manu Raj Mathur, Dorairaj Prabhakaran Tags: Editorial Viewpoint Source Type: research

The use of teetaimed in Estonia, 1880s-1990s.
Abstract This research contributes to a better understanding of the criteria used for the selection of plants for making beverages. Worldwide, not only the leaves of Camellia sinensis, but also various other plants are used for making tea. We argue that the selection of plants for making tea (in Estonian teetaimed) depends on specific features possessed by or attributed to the plants. 54 plant taxa and one lichen were identified as being used for making tea, based on the analysis of Estonian historical handwritten archival records on plant use for the period from 1887 to 1994. The influence of popular literature on...
Source: Appetite - July 4, 2012 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sõukand R, Kalle R Tags: Appetite Source Type: research

Leaf morphology shift linked to climate change.
Abstract Climate change is driving adaptive shifts within species, but research on plants has been focused on phenology. Leaf morphology has demonstrated links with climate and varies within species along climate gradients. We predicted that, given within-species variation along a climate gradient, a morphological shift should have occurred over time due to climate change. We tested this prediction, taking advantage of latitudinal and altitudinal variations within the Adelaide Geosyncline region, South Australia, historical herbarium specimens (n = 255) and field sampling (n = 274). Leaf width in the study taxon, D...
Source: Biology Letters - July 4, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Guerin GR, Wen H, Lowe AJ Tags: Biol Lett Source Type: research

Sleep quality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Conclusions: Sleep quality is poor in patients with severe COPD compared to normative populations of similar age, and daytime hypoxemia is independently associated with impaired sleep efficiency.© 2012 The Authors. Respirology © 2012 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology
Source: Respirology - July 4, 2012 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: David G McSharry, Silke Ryan, Peter Calverley, J Colin Edwards, Walter T McNicholas Source Type: research

Mitochondrial D‐loop analysis reveals low diversity in Mangalica pigs and their relationship to historical specimens
SummaryThe genetic relationship between 195 Mangalica and 79 non‐Mangalica pigs was studied using mitochondrial D‐loop SNP genotyping. Altogether, 35 polymorphic sites and 27 haplotypes were identified. Of the haplotypes, eight and 16 are Mangalica and non‐Mangalica specific, respectively, while three contain both Mangalica and non‐Mangalica individuals. Genetic distance values and phylogenetic analysis indicate that Mangalica individuals are very closely related, and five haplotypes represent approximately 92% of the Mangalica pigs involved in the study, thus determining the major maternal lineages. In contrast to...
Source: Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics - July 4, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: J. Molnár, G. Tóth, V. Stéger, A. Zsolnai, A. Jánosi, A. Mohr, R. Szántó‐Egész, P. Tóth, A. Micsinai, J. Rátky, F. Marincs Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Comparison of high- and low-dose corticosteroid regimens for organ donor management
Conclusions: A lower-dose corticosteroid protocol did not result in worsened donor pulmonary or cardiac function, with comparable organs transplanted compared with the traditional HD regimen. Insulin requirements and glycemic control were improved. High-dose methylprednisolone may not be required to support brain-dead donors.
Source: Journal of Critical Care - July 3, 2012 Category: Intensive Care Authors: Rajat Dhar, Colleen Cotton, Jason Coleman, Diane Brockmeier, Dean Kappel, Gary Marklin, Robert Wright Tags: Electronic Articles Source Type: research

Predictors for the initiation of a basal supported oral therapy (BOT) in type 2 diabetic patients under real-life conditions in Germany
Conclusion: The highest probability of initiating a basal supported oral therapy (BOT) under real life conditions was found for patients with poor metabolic control, midlife age and pre-treatment with specific OADs such as SU, GLI or AGI before initiation of insulin therapy.
Source: Primary Care Diabetes - July 3, 2012 Category: Primary Care Authors: Karel Kostev, Franz-Werner Dippel Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Prospective Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction, and Surgeon and Patient Trainer Assessment of the Coloplast Titan One Touch Release Three-Piece Inflatable Penile Prosthesis.
Conclusions. The Titan OTR represents an advance in penile prosthetic technology that is well accepted by patients and physicians. The study design allowed for realistic evaluation of the new technology aimed at enhancing clinical outcomes. Ohl DA, Brock G, Ralph D, Bogache W, Jones L, Munarriz R, Levine L, and Ritenour C. Prospective evaluation of patient satisfaction, and surgeon and patient trainer assessment of the Coloplast Titan One Touch Release three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis. J Sex Med **;**:**-**. PMID: 22759540 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Pain Physician - July 3, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Ohl DA, Brock G, Ralph D, Bogache W, Jones L, Munarriz R, Levine L, Ritenour C Tags: J Sex Med Source Type: research

Prospective Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction, and Surgeon and Patient Trainer Assessment of the Coloplast Titan One Touch Release Three‐Piece Inflatable Penile Prosthesis
Conclusions. The Titan OTR represents an advance in penile prosthetic technology that is well accepted by patients and physicians. The study design allowed for realistic evaluation of the new technology aimed at enhancing clinical outcomes. Ohl DA, Brock G, Ralph D, Bogache W, Jones L, Munarriz R, Levine L, and Ritenour C. Prospective evaluation of patient satisfaction, and surgeon and patient trainer assessment of the Coloplast Titan One Touch Release three‐piece inflatable penile prosthesis. J Sex Med **;**:**–**.
Source: The Journal of Sexual Medicine - July 3, 2012 Category: Sexual Medicine Authors: Dana A. Ohl, Gerald Brock, David Ralph, William Bogache, LeRoy Jones, Ricardo Munarriz, Laurence Levine, Chad Ritenour Source Type: research

Loose shoulder: diagnosis and treatment: [Translated by Eiji Itoi, MD, PhD∗ from the original paper in Japanese published in Central Jpn J Orthop Surg Traumatol 1971;14:630-2.]
There is much to be passionate about in the shoulder and elbow. As you will read below in Dr Eiji Itoi’s introduction and in the “Classic Article” to follow, this includes work with historical value that has been published in the past by our colleagues in languages we do not all understand. Following Dr Itoi’s initiative, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery has chosen to reprint this article, which was previously published only in Japanese and thus not readily known by most readers of our journal. In this instance, Dr Hisao Endo’s publication, “Loose Shoulder: Diagnosis and Treatment”1 is an early contribut...
Source: Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery - July 2, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Hisao Endo, Hiroshi Takigawa, Koichiro Takata, Shiro Miyoshi Tags: Classic Article Source Type: research

Space-wavenumber and time-frequency analysis for damage inspection of thin-walled structures
This article presents a dynamics-based methodology for accurate damage inspection of thin-walled structures by combining a boundary effect evaluation method (BEEM) for space–wavenumber analysis of measured operational deflection shapes (ODSs) and a conjugate-pair decomposition (CPD) method for time–frequency analysis of time traces of measured points. BEEM is for locating and estimating small structural damages by processing ODSs measured by a full-field measurement system (e.g. a scanning laser vibrometer or a camera-based motion measurement system). BEEM is a nondestructive spatial domain method based on slid...
Source: Structural Health Monitoring - July 2, 2012 Category: Medical Equipment Authors: Pai, P. F., Sundaresan, M. J. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Use of a clinical decision support system to increase osteoporosis screening: how similar is the historical control?
Source: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice - July 2, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Anis Fuad, Ajit Kumar, Yao‐Chin Wang, Chien‐Yeh Hsu Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

The Discourse of Aging
Historical and epistemological developments contribute to and reinforce the underlying framework that categorizes antiaging discourse and healthy aging discourse. This discourse creates the question “Can we live longer or better?” and encompasses issues of quality versus quantity, dependency versus autonomy, and risk versus benefit. By positing this discourse as a dichotomous tension, the development can be traced through the examination of select examples of influential studies in the field of aging. For nursing, the risk of these continued oppositions is potential oversimplification that may limit discernment of the ...
Source: Advances in Nursing Science - July 1, 2012 Category: Nursing Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Open access and an additional publishing option.
PMID: 23002301 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical History - July 1, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Bhattacharya S Tags: Med Hist Source Type: research

Asepsis and bacteriology: a realignment of surgery and laboratory science(1).
Abstract This paper examines the origins of aseptic surgery in the German-speaking countries. It interprets asepsis as the outcome of a mutual realignment of surgery and laboratory science. In that process, phenomena of surgical reality were being modelled and simplified in the bacteriological laboratory so that they could be subjected to control by the researcher's hands and eyes. Once control was achieved, it was being extended to surgical practice by recreating the relevant features of the controlled laboratory environment in the surgical work place. This strategy can be seen in the adoption of Robert Koch's bac...
Source: Medical History - July 1, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Schlich T Tags: Med Hist Source Type: research

'Looking as little like patients as persons well could': hypnotism, medicine and the problem of the suggestible subject in late nineteenth-century britain.
Abstract During the late nineteenth century, many British physicians rigorously experimented with hypnosis as a therapeutic practice. Despite mounting evidence attesting to its wide-ranging therapeutic uses publicised in the 1880s and 1890s, medical hypnosis remained highly controversial. After a decade and a half of extensive medical discussion and debate surrounding the adoption of hypnosis by mainstream medical professionals - including a thorough inquiry organised by the British Medical Association - it was decisively excluded from serious medical consideration by 1900. This essay examines the complex question ...
Source: Medical History - July 1, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Chettiar T Tags: Med Hist Source Type: research

Re-visiting 'Galen in Tibet'(1).
Abstract This paper readdresses the assertion found in much secondary literature that Greek medicine was adopted in Tibet in the seventh and eighth centuries. I discuss some of the traces of Galenic medical knowledge in early Tibetan medicine, and raise the question of why Tibetan medical histories who mention Galen give Galenic medicine a much more significant place than is evidenced in the Tibetan medical literature itself. I discuss some historiographical considerations and argue that the centrality given to Galenic medicine is more indicative of the period in which these sources are written than of the period w...
Source: Medical History - July 1, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Yoeli-Tlalim R Tags: Med Hist Source Type: research

Who Was He? Reflections on China's First Medical 'Naturalist'.
Abstract This paper examines the reasons why Physician He (Yi-He, sixth century BCE) was regarded as a founder in the classical medical tradition of China. By most accounts, Physician He's importance owes much to his theoretical innovations. In contrast to earlier healers, Physician He purportedly framed the aetiology of illnesses solely in terms of natural causes, as opposed to attributing sickness to gods or demons. In this paper, I reread a famous episode in the Commentary by Zuo, which is often cited as evidence of the physician's naturalism. By paying close attention to the formal elements of the narrative as ...
Source: Medical History - July 1, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Brown M Tags: Med Hist Source Type: research

MDH volume 56 issue 3 Back cover and matter.
Authors: PMID: 23002306 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical History - July 1, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Tags: Med Hist Source Type: research

MDH volume 56 issue 3 Front cover and matter.
Authors: PMID: 23002307 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical History - July 1, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Tags: Med Hist Source Type: research

Enhanced recovery programmes in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: a systematic review.
CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of an ERP in HPB surgery appears safe and feasible. Currently, many of the principles of the multimodal pathway are derived from the colorectal ERP and distinct differences exist, which may impede its implementation in HPB surgery. PMID: 22943226 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England - July 1, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Hall TC, Dennison AR, Bilku DK, Metcalfe MS, Garcea G Tags: Ann R Coll Surg Engl Source Type: research

Seeing single atoms.
Abstract New discoveries and ideas often occur at the confluence of events and technologies that allow them to happen. So it was with the first electron microscopic observations of individual atoms at the University of Chicago laboratory of Albert Crewe forty years ago. This paper will describe the technologies developed then, present some of the historical instrumental details and describe the rationale for the designs that came about in that laboratory over a period of about a decade. PMID: 22871487 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Ultramicroscopy - July 1, 2012 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Isaacson MS Tags: Ultramicroscopy Source Type: research

Aggressive lung donor management increases graft procurement without increasing renal graft loss after transplantation
ConclusionsAggressive management strategy in potential lung donors, which includes ventilator recruitment maneuvers, PEEP ≥8 cm H2O, the use of HRT, and restrictive fluid balance increases the rate of lung grafts available for transplantation without adverse effect on kidney graft survival.
Source: Clinical Transplantation - July 1, 2012 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Eduardo Miñambres, Maria A. Ballesteros, Emilio Rodrigo, Ana García‐Miguélez, Javier Llorca, Juan C. Ruiz, Manuel Arias Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Sex ratio and women's career choice: Does a scarcity of men lead women to choose briefcase over baby?
Abstract Although the ratio of males to females in a population is known to influence behavior in nonhuman animals, little is known about how sex ratio influences human behavior. We propose that sex ratio affects women's family planning and career choices. Using both historical data and experiments, we examined how sex ratio influences women's career aspirations. Findings showed that a scarcity of men led women to seek high-paying careers and to delay starting a family. This effect was driven by how sex ratio altered the mating market, not just the job market. Sex ratios involving a scarcity of men led women to see...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - July 1, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Durante KM, Griskevicius V, Simpson JA, Cantú SM, Tybur JM Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: research

Michel hersen and the development of social skills training: historical perspective of an academic scholar and pioneer.
Abstract As a distinguished scholar over the past 45 years, Michel Hersen has left an indelible mark on the field of behavior therapy and clinical psychology. One of his most enduring legacies is his early research work in the area of social skills assessment and training, with special attention to assertiveness training. His basic analogue and clinical outcome studies have served as essential building blocks for current evidence-based treatments. His long and distinguished career has significantly impacted the lives of colleagues, students, and patients alike. PMID: 22569580 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Behavior Modification - July 1, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Miller PM Tags: Behav Modif Source Type: research

Supplement to listing of accredited doctoral, internship, and postdoctoral training programs in professional psychology.
Authors: Abstract The Commission on Accreditation announces status changes for accredited doctoral (clinical, counseling, school, developed practice area, and combined professional-scientific), internship, and postdoctoral residency programs in professional psychology. These changes update the listing provided in the December 2011 issue of the American Psychologist. Except for newly accredited programs, updates for year of next review will not appear in this listing but will be updated annually in December. Hard copies of these listings are available on request from the APA Office of Program Consultation and Accre...
Source: The American Psychologist - July 1, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Am Psychol Source Type: research

Malignant transformation of a putative eyelid papilloma to squamous cell carcinoma in a dog
This report describes the transformation of a putative viral eyelid papilloma into a malignant SCC in an adult dog.
Source: Veterinary Ophthalmology - July 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: K. Tomo Wiggans, Clare E. Hoover, E. J. Ehrhart, Bruce K. Wobeser, Loren B. Cohen, Juliet R. Gionfriddo Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Pharmacotherapy in type 2 diabetes: a functional schema for drug classification.
Abstract With growing awareness that long-term hyperglycemia is directly implicated in the tissue damage characteristic of diabetes, there has been a corresponding increase in clinicians' willingness to employ intensive treatment to achieve euglycemia, which may require diabetes drugs in combination. The expanding array of drugs with different mechanisms of action calls for a clear method of classification to guide rational combination therapy. Contemporary and historical literature was surveyed to document changes in awareness of toxicity from hyperglycemia and consequent changes in treatment strategy. References ...
Source: Current Diabetes Reviews - July 1, 2012 Category: Endocrinology Authors: McGill JB Tags: Curr Diabetes Rev Source Type: research

Pediatric emergency department crowding is associated with a lower likelihood of hospital admission.
Conclusions: Increasing ED crowding is associated with a lower likelihood of hospital admission and lower frequency of return visits within 48 hours. PMID: 22724551 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Accident and Emergency Nursing - July 1, 2012 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Michelson KA, Monuteaux MC, Stack AM, Bachur RG Tags: Acad Emerg Med Source Type: research

Cell versus protoplasm: revisionist history.
Abstract Recent investigations give reason to question anew the historical status of the 'cell theory' as the ultimate driving force in the development of our understanding of life's processes at the most fundamental level. A revisitation of critical research papers and commentaries from the 19th Century shows that the disregarded (and historically maligned) 'protoplasmic theory of life' played a more deterministic role in the early advancement of knowledge on cell structure and function. PMID: 22681391 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cell Biology International - July 1, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Welch GR, Clegg JS Tags: Cell Biol Int Source Type: research

The interplay of mitochondria with calcium: An historical appraisal.
Abstract Indirect findings in the 1950s had indicated that mitochondria could accumulate Ca(2+), but only in 1961 isolated mitochondria were directly shown to take it up in a process driven by the activity of the respiratory chain or by the hydrolysis of added ATP. The uptake of Ca(2+) could be accompanied by the simultaneous uptake of inorganic phosphate, leading to the precipitation of hydroxyapatite in the matrix and to the effective buffering of the free Ca(2+) concentration in it. The uptake of Ca(2+) occurred via an electrophoretic uniporter that has been molecularly identified only recently. Ca(2+) was then ...
Source: Cell Calcium - July 1, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Carafoli E Tags: Cell Calcium Source Type: research

Rupture rate for patients with untreated unruptured intracranial aneurysms in South Korea during 2006-2009.
Conclusions The overview of the incidence of rupture indicates the need for a preventive strategy and future studies to prevent rupture in Asian patients with UIAs. PMID: 22519434 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of Neurosurgery - July 1, 2012 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Lee EJ, Lee HJ, Hyun MK, Choi JE, Kim JH, Lee NR, Hwang JS, Kwon JW Tags: J Neurosurg Source Type: research

Revisiting the ants of Melanesia and the taxon cycle: historical and human-mediated invasions of a tropical archipelago.
Abstract Understanding the historical evolution of biotas and the dynamics of contemporary human-mediated species introductions are two central tasks of biology. One hypothesis may address both-the taxon cycle. Taxon cycles are phases of range expansion and contraction coupled to ecological and evolutionary niche shifts. These historical invasion processes resemble human-mediated invasions in pattern and possibly mechanism, but both the existence of historical cycles and the roles of recent introductions are in question. We return to the system that originally inspired the taxon cycle-Melanesian ants-and perform no...
Source: The American Naturalist - July 1, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Economo EP, Sarnat EM Tags: Am Nat Source Type: research

Species-specific stable isotope analysis by the hyphenation of chromatographic techniques with MC-ICPMS.
Abstract This work reviews the basis and all the existing publications on the hyphenation of chromatography-based techniques to MC-ICPMS for isotopic studies that were published until the end of 2010. A brief historical retrospective of the measurement of isotope ratios from transient signals by ICPMS with different sample introduction techniques is also included. The most important experimental parameters and data reduction strategies affecting the accurate and precise measurement of compound-specific isotope ratios by either HPLC or GC coupled to MC-ICPMS are discussed. All the applications are reported and criti...
Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews - July 1, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Rodríguez-González P, Epov VN, Pecheyran C, Amouroux D, Donard OF Tags: Mass Spectrom Rev Source Type: research

Out of bounds? A critique of the new policies on hyperandrogenism in elite female athletes.
Abstract In May 2011, more than a decade after the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) abandoned sex testing, they devised new policies in response to the IAAF's treatment of Caster Semenya, the South African runner whose sex was challenged because of her spectacular win and powerful physique that fueled an international frenzy questioning her sex and legitimacy to compete as female. These policies claim that atypically high levels of endogenous testosterone in women (caused by various medical conditions) create an unfair advantage and must be regu...
Source: The American Journal of Bioethics : AJOB - July 1, 2012 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Karkazis K, Jordan-Young R, Davis G, Camporesi S Tags: Am J Bioeth Source Type: research

Phylogeny, ecology, and the coupling of comparative and experimental approaches.
Abstract Recent progress in the development of phylogenetic methods and access to molecular phylogenies has made comparative biology more popular than ever before. However, determining cause and effect in phylogenetic comparative studies is inherently difficult without experimentation and evolutionary replication. Here, we provide a roadmap for linking comparative phylogenetic patterns with ecological experiments to test causal hypotheses across ecological and evolutionary scales. As examples, we consider five cornerstones of ecological and evolutionary research: tests of adaptation, tradeoffs and synergisms among ...
Source: Trends in Ecology and Evolution - July 1, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Weber MG, Agrawal AA Tags: Trends Ecol Evol Source Type: research

The continuing evolution of the Langendorff and ejecting murine heart: new advances in cardiac phenotyping.
Abstract The isolated retrograde-perfused Langendorff heart and the isolated ejecting heart have, over many decades, resulted in fundamental discoveries that form the underpinnings of our current understanding of the biology and physiology of the heart. These two experimental methodologies have proven invaluable in studying pharmacological effects on myocardial function, metabolism, and vascular reactivity and in the investigation of clinically relevant disease states such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, diabetes, obesity, and heart failure. With the advent of the genomics era, the isolated mouse heart preparation ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - July 1, 2012 Category: Physiology Authors: Liao R, Podesser BK, Lim CC Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Identification of ancient Olea europaea L. and Cornus mas L. seeds by DNA barcoding.
Abstract The analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA) provides archaeologists and anthropologists with innovative, scientific and accurate data to study and understand the past. In this work, ancient seeds, found in the "Mora Cavorso" archaeological site (Latium, Central Italy), were analyzed to increase information about Italian Neolithic populations (plant use, agriculture, diet, trades, customs and ecology). We performed morphological and genetic techniques to identify fossil botanical species. In particular, this study also suggests and emphasizes the use of DNA barcode method for ancient plant sample analysis. Scanning ...
Source: Comptes Rendus Biologies - July 1, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Gismondi A, Rolfo MF, Leonardi D, Rickards O, Canini A Tags: C R Biol Source Type: research

Dairy products and physical stature: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.
In conclusion, there is moderate quality evidence that dairy products supplementation stimulate linear growth supporting hypotheses that changing levels of consumption of dairy products in the 19th and 20th centuries contributed to trends in height. PMID: 21890437 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Economics and Human Biology - July 1, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: de Beer H Tags: Econ Hum Biol Source Type: research

The health transition and biological living standards: adult height and mortality in 20th-century Spain.
Abstract This paper seeks new insights concerning the health transition in 20th century Spain by analyzing both traditional (mortality-based) and alternative (anthropometric-based) health indicators. Data were drawn from national censuses, vital and cause-of-death statistics and seven National Health Surveys dating from 1987 to 2006 (almost 100,000 subjects aged 20-79 were used to compute cohort height averages). A multivariate regression analysis was performed on infant mortality and economic/historical dummy variables. Our results agree with the general timing of the health transition process in Spain as has been...
Source: Economics and Human Biology - July 1, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Spijker JJ, Cámara AD, Blanes A Tags: Econ Hum Biol Source Type: research

Photodynamic therapy: A review and its prospective role in the management of oral potentially malignant disorders
AbstractWith the unreliability of epithelial dysplasia as a predictor to determine the risk of future malignant development, subjectivity associated in evaluating dysplasia by pathologists and paucity of biomarkers that could accurately predict the progression risks in oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), eradication of the lesions appears to be the most desirable approach to minimize the risk of invasive cancer formation. Interventions, such as surgery and chemoprevention, have not shown promising long‐term results in the treatment of these lesions, and lack of guidelines and general consensus on their managemen...
Source: Oral Diseases - July 1, 2012 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Rajan Saini, Catherine F. Poh Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Dengue and dengue-like outbreaks in the past: the case of the Macau epidemic fever of 1874.
Abstract Historical sources abound in references to outbreaks of a disease resembling dengue fever. Medical observers reported on its rapid onset and great expansion in the population, the diversity and changeability of its clinical features and its overall mildness. In 1874, an epidemic disease with fever, rash and rheumatic pains as main symptoms broke out in the Portuguese colony of Macau, South China. It was similar to the epidemic disease which swept the colony 2 years before during the socalled dengue pandemic of 1870-1873. The 1874 epidemic disease was variously labeled by local physicians, including dengue ...
Source: Infection, Genetics and Evolution - July 1, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Buchillet D Tags: Infect Genet Evol Source Type: research

Infectious Insecurities: H1N1 and the politics of emerging infectious disease.
Abstract Responses to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, and criticisms of those responses, were framed by issues endemic to the meeting of 'health' and 'security' as governing domains. Offering an editorial introduction to the selection of papers in this special issue, it is suggested that existing scholarship in the emerging field of 'health security' can be categorized according to realist-advocacy, historical-analytic, problematization and critical-inequality approaches. In contributing to this literature through an event-based focus on the pandemic, the papers embrace the opportunity to examine health security architectu...
Source: Health and Place - July 1, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Barker K Tags: Health Place Source Type: research

First steps: bovine genomics in historical perspective.
This study is a review of the early years of bovine gene mapping leading up to the sequencing and assembly of the bovine genome in 2009. A historical perspective of parasexual, linkage and physical mapping is provided with a focus on the contribution of these maps to the eventual assignment and orientation of genes and sequence to cattle chromosomes. PMID: 22742498 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Animal Genetics - July 1, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Womack JE Tags: Anim Genet Source Type: research