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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 37.

Cynthia Klestinec, Theatres of Anatomy: Students, Teachers, and Traditions of Dissection in Renaissance Venice
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Pranghofer, S. Tags: Focus on Anatomy Source Type: research

Chemonotes
Professor Harry M. Marks, faculty member in the Department of History of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University since 1989, died on 25 January 2011, aged 64. He served on the editorial board of Social History of Medicine and was a generous and exacting reviewer for the journal. As a memorial to Harry, we reprint here some of his extraordinary personal reflections during his time as an outpatient undergoing treatment for prostate cancer. Harry periodically emailed these musings to family members, friends and colleagues. We are extremely grateful to Harry's daughter, Irina Spector-Marks, for allowing publication of these email...
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Marks, H. M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

When Subjects Bite Back: The Bristol Cancer Help Centre Study and Increasing Consumer Involvement in UK Medical Research in the 1990s
This paper examines the controversy surrounding the 1990 ‘Bristol Study’ as an indicator of developments in health activism and medical research in the United Kingdom in the subsequent decade, and as a case study of the motivations prompting people to become activists. Researchers investigating complementary therapies at the Bristol Cancer Help Centre found the therapies were associated with poorer survival prospects. However, the study was later shown to be seriously flawed. Stung by researchers' insensitivity, participants formed the Bristol Study Support Group (BSSG) to lobby for new funding and journal revi...
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Dawes, L. L. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Ethics and Politics of Force-Feeding Terror Suspects in West German Prisons
In February 1981, imprisoned members of the Red Army Faction launched a collective hunger strike that would eventually claim two lives. Prisoner Sigurd Debus famously died in April, and, in less sensational circumstances, prison physician Volker Leschhorn took his own life in January 1982. Leschhorn had become trapped between the competing interests at play during a hunger strike. At its core, the treatment of striking prisoners pits a prisoner's right to refuse food against a state's duty to protect that prisoner's life. In West Germany the neatness of this ethical contest was complicated, however, by a discursive layerin...
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Passmore, L. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Diseased, Depraved or just Drunk? The Psychiatric Panic over Alcoholism in Communist Yugoslavia
In the era of Communist rule in Yugoslavia (1945–91), few problems attracted as much psychiatric attention as alcoholism. Conducting widespread epidemiological research, practitioners discovered an alarming trend as rates of the disease were seemingly rising in every territory and segment of the population. Such an upswing of problem drinking seemed to threaten the ideological, economical, and social well-being of the state and its citizens. This widespread panic spurred psychiatric investigations into the aetiology of alcoholism. Much of this work focused on the role of the family, the workplace, class and societal ...
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Savelli, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Taking Care in the Air: Jet Air Travel and Passenger Health, a Study of British Overseas Airways Corporation (1940-1974)
This paper explores an aspect of medical history that has been overlooked in existing academic studies of commercial air travel, and advances a new historiography of airline passenger health and commercial aviation medicine. The introduction of jet-powered passenger aircraft by British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) in 1952 presented a new set of epidemiological, chronobiological and physiological passenger health concerns. These resulted from the increased size, speed, range and cruising altitude of commercial jet aircraft. Drawing on extensive archival research, this paper explores the nature of these ‘new&rsq...
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Budd, L. C. S., Bell, M., Warren, A. P. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Social Medicine and Medical Pluralism: the Valley Trust and Botha's Hill Health Centre, South Africa, 1940s to 2000s
This article examines a significant case study of nutrition-based health care in South Africa through social medicine and medical pluralism. Social medicine provided continuity between idealistic hopes of establishing a multiracial national health service during the 1940s, and its ‘revival’ after the democratic transition of 1994. It examines factors that made it possible to pursue progressive health care practice within the reactionary, apartheid period. This case study of a non-governmental organisation, the Valley Trust, draws on abundant documentation and oral histories. These facilitate a discussion of int...
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Digby, A., Sweet, H. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Uses of a Pandemic: Forging the Identities of Influenza and Virus Research in Interwar Britain
This paper counters the tendency to retrospectively viralise the 1918–19 pandemic and to gloss the important historiographical point that, in Britain, such knowledge was in-the-making between 1918 and 1933. It traces the genesis of influenza's virus identity to British efforts in 1918–19 to specify the cause of the pandemic and it examines how, in the 1920s, the British Medical Research Council used the connection between a virus and the pandemic to justify the development of virus research and to make influenza a core problem around which it was organised. It shows that the organisation of medical virus resear...
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Bresalier, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Birth Attendants and Midwifery Practice in Early Twentieth-century Derbyshire
The 1902 Midwives Act introduced training and supervision for midwives in England and Wales, outlawing uncertified-and-untrained midwives (handywomen) and phasing out certified-but-untrained (bona fide) midwives. This paper compares the numbers and practices of these two different types of birth attendant with each other, with qualified and certified midwives and with doctors in early twentieth-century Derbyshire during this period of change, and examines the spatial and social factors influencing women's choice of birth attendant. It finds that the new legislation did not entirely eliminate continuity in traditional pract...
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Reid, A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Race, Disease, and Public Violence: Smallpox and the (Un)Making of Calgary's Chinatown, 1892
This paper examines the impact that ideas about race, gender and disease had on the social ordering and settlement of southern Alberta by focusing on a smallpox outbreak, which originated in Calgary during the summer of 1892. The first person to contract the disease was believed to be a Chinese laundry worker. When town authorities discovered the man's illness he was immediately placed under quarantine and the laundry was burned down. Municipal authorities used racialised ideas about health and cleanliness to discursively create sites of meaning, delineating strict spatial boundaries between the Chinese and non-Chinese com...
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Burnett, K. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Bacteriology in the Service of Sanitation: The Factory Environment and the Regulation of Industrial Anthrax in Late-Victorian Britain
Historians have largely moved away from any simple notion of a late-nineteenth century bacteriological revolution. Increasingly they characterise the ways in which older, sanitarian, public-health approaches and newer, laboratory-based, germ-theoretic approaches to disease co-existed. A re-examination of the public life of industrial anthrax in Britain in the decades around 1900 reveals the persistence of a number of sanitarian themes. Bradford—the centre of the world's wool industry—was the testing ground for early regulation designed to combat the disease. Factory inspectors and other public officials, many u...
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Stark, J. F. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Alienists, Attendants and the Containment of Suicide in Public Lunatic Asylums, 1845-1890
This article investigates the contribution alienists and attendants made to the management and prevention of suicide in English public lunatic asylums during the second half of the nineteenth century. It examines the respective contribution alienists and attendants made to the handling of suicidal patients, with varying levels of involvement. In doing so, it argues that the practical application of suicide prevention fell to asylum attendants, as their work determined how, and with what success, alienists' suicide policy was implemented.
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: York, S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Revisiting a 'Demographic Freak': Irish Asylums and Hidden Hunger
The Irish Famine of the 1840s has been most commonly understood as a social and political event, as the literature has been oriented toward demographic transformation and the drive toward democratisation in the post-Famine period. In this article, I use anomalies in post-Famine admissions to lunatic asylums and contemporary epidemiological research to argue that our understanding of the demographic transformation should incorporate a reckoning of the Famine as a biological event. Sudden and severe nutritional deprivation has measurable significant and long-lasting biological and psychological consequences that in turn have...
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Grimsley-Smith, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Public Health, Peasant Bodies and the Spanish Colonisation of Patagonia
This article analyzes how, based on a transatlantic consensus on the importance of public health and the monarchy's responsibility for its subjects, peninsular and colonial authorities worked together to provide extensive medical care for the colonizers.
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Poska, A. M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Musical Hypnosis: Sound and Selfhood from Mesmerism to Brainwashing
This article will examine the discourse of hypnotic music from animal magnetism and the experimental hypnosis of the nineteenth century to the brainwashing panics since the Cold War, looking at the relationship between concerns about hypnotic music and the politics of the self and sexuality.
Source: Social History of Medicine - April 27, 2012 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Kennaway, J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

[Risk assessment of violent women: development of the 'Female Additional Manual' (FAM)].
CONCLUSION: The fam is a valuable addition to the currently available risk assessment tools in that it provides a more accurate gender-specific risk assessment with regard to female (forensic) psychiatric patients. Future research will have to further demonstrate the value of the FAM. PMID: 22508350 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie - April 26, 2012 Category: Psychiatry Authors: de Vogel V, de Vries Robbé M, van Kalmthout W, Place C Tags: Tijdschr Psychiatr Source Type: research

Philosophy, Medicine and Healthcare: Insights from the Italian Experience
Abstract To contribute to our understanding of the relationship between philosophical ideas and medical and healthcare models. A diachronic analysis is put in place in order to evaluate, from an innovative perspective, the influence over the centuries on medical and healthcare models of two philosophical concepts, particularly relevant for health: how Man perceives his identity and how he relates to Nature. Five epochs are identified—the Archaic Age, Classical Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Modern Age, the ‘Postmodern’ Era—which can be seen, à la Foucault, as ‘fragments between philosophical frac...
Source: Health Care Analysis - April 26, 2012 Category: Health Management Tags: Health Care Analysis Source Type: research

The clinical and radiographical results of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with eccentric glenosphere
Conclusion A Grammont type RSA with eccentric glenosphere can result in good clinical outcomes. An eccentric glenosphere does not prevent notching, but decreases the severity of scapular notching at early follow-up. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00264-012-1539-0Authors Naoko Mizuno, Centre Orthopédique Santy, 24 avenue Paul Santy, 69008 Lyon, FrancePatrick J. Denard, Southern Oregon Orthopedics, Medford, OR, USAPatric Raiss, Centre Orthopédique Santy, 24 avenue Paul Santy, 69008 Lyon, FranceGilles Walch, Centre Orthopédique Santy, 24 avenue Paul Santy, 69...
Source: International Orthopaedics - April 26, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: International Orthopaedics Source Type: research

[Media Watch] Eradication: ridding the world of diseases forever?
In this well researched and well written book, historian Nancy Leys Stepan uses the diaries and aspirations of Fred Soper—former Director General of the Pan American Health Organization, described in the book as an arch-eradicationist—to recount a social history of public health. In so doing, she critically analyses the very idea of eradication, exposes the weak scientific basis of many of the past century's greatest battles against disease, and provides lessons for the challenges that lie ahead.
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - April 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Salmaan Keshavjee Tags: Media Watch Source Type: research

Predicting warfarin dosage from clinical data: A supervised learning approach
Conclusion: The investigated models can not only facilitate clinicians in dosage decision-making, but also help reduce patient risk from adverse drug events.
Source: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine - April 26, 2012 Category: Bioinformatics Authors: Ya-Han Hu, Fan Wu, Chia-Lun Lo, Chun-Tien Tai Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Dextromethorphan Abuse Leading to Assault, Suicide, or Homicide.
Abstract Dextromethorphan is a commonly encountered antitussive medication which has found additional therapeutic use in the treatment of pseudobulbar disorder and as an adjunct to opiate use in pain management. Dextromethorphan at high doses has phencyclidine-like effects on the NMDA receptor system; recreational use of high doses has been found to cause mania and hallucinations. The toxicology and pharmacology of the drug in abuse are reviewed, and the historical literature of adverse psychiatric outcomes is assessed. Five new cases of dextromethorphan intoxication that resulted in assault, suicide, and homic...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - April 26, 2012 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Logan BK, Yeakel JK, Goldfogel G, Frost MP, Sandstrom G, Wickham DJ Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Forensic Identification Using a Multiplex Assay of 47 SNPs*
Abstract As a powerful alternative to short tandem repeat (STR) profiling, we have developed a novel panel of 47 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for DNA profiling and ABO genotyping. We selected 42 of the 47 SNPs from a panel of 86 markers that were previously validated as universal individual identification markers and identified five additional SNPs including one gender marker and four ABO loci. Match probability of the 42 validated SNPs was found to be 9.5 × 10(-18) in Han Chinese. SNP analysis correctly assessed a panel of historical cases, including both paternity identifications in trios and i...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - April 26, 2012 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Wei YL, Li CX, Jia J, Hu L, Liu Y Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Family size, the physical environment, and socioeconomic effects across the stature distribution.
Abstract A neglected area in historical stature studies is the relationship between stature and family size. Using robust statistics and a large 19th century data set, this study documents a positive relationship between stature and family size across the stature distribution. The relationship between material inequality and health is the subject of considerable debate, and there was a positive relationship between stature and wealth and an inverse relationship between stature and material inequality. After controlling for family size and wealth variables, the paper reports a positive relationship between the physi...
Source: Homo - April 26, 2012 Category: Physiology Authors: Carson SA Tags: Homo Source Type: research

Re-Creating Missing Population Baselines for Pacific Reef Sharks.
We examined the relation between the density of reef sharks observed in towed-diver surveys and human population in models that accounted for the influence of oceanic primary productivity, sea surface temperature, reef area, and reef physical complexity. We used these models to estimate the density of sharks in the absence of humans. Densities of gray reef sharks (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos), whitetip reef sharks (Triaenodon obesus), and the group "all reef sharks" increased substantially as human population decreased and as primary productivity and minimum sea surface temperature (or reef area, which was highly correlated...
Source: Conservation Biology - April 26, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Nadon MO, Baum JK, Williams ID, McPherson JM, Zgliczynski BJ, Richards BL, Schroeder RE, Brainard RE Tags: Conserv Biol Source Type: research

Rise and Demise of Bioinformatics? Promise and Progress
by Christos A. Ouzounis The field of bioinformatics and computational biology has gone through a number of transformations during the past 15 years, establishing itself as a key component of new biology. This spectacular growth has been challenged by a number of disruptive changes in science and technology. Despite the apparent fatigue of the linguistic use of the term itself, bioinformatics has grown perhaps to a point beyond recognition. We explore both historical aspects and future trends and argue that as the field expands, key questions remain unanswered and acquire new meaning while at the same time the range of...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - April 26, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Christos A. Ouzounis Source Type: research

Induction of Transplant Tolerance Through Mixed Hematopoietic Chimerism
The author provides historical and practical perspective for recently reported clinical advances in tolerance induction through mixed chimerism. See article by Scandling et al on page 1133.
Source: American Journal of Transplantation - April 26, 2012 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: J. A. Bradley Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Innate immunity's path to the Nobel Prize 2011 and beyond
The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine to Ralph Steinmann, Jules Hoffmann, and Bruce Beutler recognized a paradigm shift in our understanding of innate immunity, and its impact on adaptive immunity. The Prize highlighted the initial discoveries of Toll's role in immunity in flies, Toll‐like receptors in mammals, and the establishment of dendritic cells as the initiators of adaptive immunity. This historical Commentary focuses on the developments in our understanding of innate immunity.
Source: European Journal of Immunology - April 26, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hermann Wagner Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

The changing limits and incidence of malaria in Africa: 1939-2009.
Abstract Understanding the historical, temporal changes of malaria risk following control efforts in Africa provides a unique insight into what has been and might be archived towards a long-term ambition of elimination on the continent. Here, we use archived published and unpublished material combined with biological constraints on transmission accompanied by a narrative on malaria control to document the changing incidence of malaria in Africa since earliest reports pre-second World War. One result is a more informed mapped definition of the changing margins of transmission in 1939, 1959, 1979, 1999 and 2009. ...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - April 25, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Snow RW, Amratia P, Kabaria CW, Noor AM, Marsh K Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: research

Impact of the fukushima nuclear accident on background radiation doses measured by control dosimeters in Japan.
Abstract ABSTRACT: After the 9.0 magnitude earthquake and subsequent massive tsunami on 11 March 2011 in Japan, several reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant suffered severe damage. There was immediate participation of U.S. Navy vessels and other United States Department of Defense (DoD) teams that were already in the area at the time of the disaster or arrived shortly thereafter. The correct determination of occupational dose equivalent requires estimation of the background dose component measured by control dosimeters, which is subsequently subtracted from the total dose equivalent measured by per...
Source: Health Physics - April 25, 2012 Category: Physics Authors: Romanyukha A, King DL, Kennemur LK Tags: Health Phys Source Type: research

Percutaneous Cryoablation of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Local Tumor Control: Feasibility, Outcomes, and Estimated Cost-effectiveness for Palliation
Conclusions: MCA was associated with very low morbidity and local tumor recurrence rates for all anatomic sites, with apparent increased OS. Even as an adjunct to systemic therapies, MCA appeared cost-effective for palliation of oligometastatic RCC.
Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR - April 25, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Hyun J. Bang, Peter J. Littrup, Dylan J. Goodrich, Brandt P. Currier, Hussein D. Aoun, Lance K. Heilbrun, Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Adam, Allen C. Goodman Source Type: research

Added value of elder abuse definitions: A review.
Abstract Elder abuse has devastating consequences for older persons such as a poor quality of life, psychological distress, and loss of property and security. It is also associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Elder abuse is a problem that manifests itself in both rich and poor countries and at all levels of society. It is timely to discuss one of the basic problems that has hampered the study, detection and intervention of elder abuse as the variety of definitions that exist now produce a definitional chaos for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. In this article we trace the elements of "how ...
Source: Ageing Research Reviews - April 25, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Mysyuk Y, Westendorp RG, Lindenberg J Tags: Ageing Res Rev Source Type: research

Historical Prostate Cancer Screening and Treatment Outcomes from a Single Institution.
ConclusionIndividuals diagnosed and treated for prostate cancer, within the Marshfield Clinic comprehensive care setting, follow national trends with a decreased age of diagnosis with the advent of PSA screening. Outcomes for individuals treated within the Clinic system are also comparable to national trends. PMID: 22537761 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Medicine and Research - April 25, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Cross DS, Ritter M, Reding DJ Tags: Clin Med Res Source Type: research

In reply
We appreciate the important historical perspective that Dr. Schwartz's observations bring to the discussion on changes in computed tomography (CT) use in the emergency department (ED) over time. There are several narratives that can be told about the near-universal diffusion of this powerful diagnostic technology into the standard practice of emergency medicine, many of which we tried to identify in our article.
Source: Annals of Emergency Medicine - April 24, 2012 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Keith E. Kocher, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Boceprevir or Telaprevir in Combination With PegIFN/RBV Improved On-Treatment Virologic Response Rates in Patients With Severe Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Recurrence Following Liver Transplantation vs Historical Treatment With PegIFN/RBV
Capsule Summary - In this multicenter cohort involving 28 patients with severe genotype 1 hepatitis C recurrence following liver transplantation, 56% to 70% of patients had undetectable HCV RNA following 8 weeks of treatment with boceprevir or telaprevir plus pegIFN/RBV (with or without 4-week pegIFN/RBV lead-in phase); however, patients experienced high rates of anemia and required frequent reductions in the dosage of calcineurin inhibitors.
Source: Clinical Care Options Hepatitis - HCV - April 24, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Cervical cancer incidence in young women: a historical and geographic controlled UK regional population study
, P Sasieni & R Naik
Source: British Journal of Cancer AOP - April 24, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: A PatelK GalaalC BurnleyK FaulknerP Martin-HirschM J BlandS LeesonH BeerS ParanjothyP SasieniR Naik Source Type: research

Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Historical Perspective
Abstract Surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse has evolved from the use of pomegranates as pessary devices to contemporary robot-assisted laparoscopic sacral colpopexy. Symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse requires correction of all the defects to achieve optimal outcomes. Factors to consider in selecting the appropriate repair include patient’s age; stage of prolapse; vaginal length; hormonal status; desire for uterine preservation and coitus; symptoms of sexual, urinary, or bowel dysfunction; and any comorbidities that influence her eligibility for anesthesia or chronically increase intra-abdominal pr...
Source: Current Urology Reports - April 23, 2012 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Current Urology Reports Source Type: research

Methods for the scientific study of discrimination and health: an ecosocial approach.
Abstract The scientific study of how discrimination harms health requires theoretically grounded methods. At issue is how discrimination, as one form of societal injustice, becomes embodied inequality and is manifested as health inequities. As clarified by ecosocial theory, methods must address the lived realities of discrimination as an exploitative and oppressive societal phenomenon operating at multiple levels and involving myriad pathways across both the life course and historical generations. An integrated embodied research approach hence must consider (1) the structural level-past and present de jure and de...
Source: American Journal of Public Health - April 23, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Krieger N Tags: Am J Public Health Source Type: research

Beyond the Distinction Between Biomedical and Social Dimensions of HIV Prevention Through the Lens of a Social Public Health.
Abstract Developing effective HIV prevention requires that we move beyond the historical but problematic distinction between biomedical and social dimensions of HIV. The current claim that prevention has failed has led to a strong interest in the role of treatment as HIV prevention; however, the turn to "biomedical prevention," "test and treat," and "combination prevention" instances pervasive confusions about prevention. These confusions arise from a failure to realize that all HIV prevention interventions must engage with the everyday lives of people and be integrated into their social relations and social practi...
Source: American Journal of Public Health - April 23, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Kippax S, Stephenson N Tags: Am J Public Health Source Type: research

Complexity and rationality of Avicenna's pulsology: A step towards understanding the past for today's applications
So far appreciable attempts have been done by authors and publishers of this journal to show the historical medical contributions of Islamic–Persian scientists like Avicenna and Razes . Furthermore it has also been mentioned that their opinions and literatures may still be useful , but now it seems better to know more about the context. It is also the time to show examples of possible practical applications today especially in cardiology; the interest of this journal.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - April 23, 2012 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mahdi Alizadeh, Mansoor Keshavarz, Mohammad Ebadiani, Esmaeil Nazem, Mohammad Mahdi Isfahani Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Prominence of an O75 clonal group (clonal complex 14) among non-ST131 fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli causing extraintestinal infections in humans and dogs in Australia.
Abstract Fluoroquinolone-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (FQ(r) ExPEC) from phylogenetic group B2 are undergoing epidemic spread. Isolates belonging to phylogenetic group B2 are generally more virulent than other E. coli, therefore, resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs) among group B2 isolates is concerning. Although clonal expansion of ST131 is a major factor, the contribution of additional clonal groups has not been quantified. Group B2 FQ(r) ExPEC isolates from humans (n = 250) and dogs (n = 12) in Australia were screened for ST131, a recently recognized and rapidly emerging multidrug-resist...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - April 23, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: Platell JL, Trott DJ, Johnson JR, Heisig P, Heisig A, Clabots CR, Johnston B, Cobbold RN Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research

Ancient DNA reveals kinship burial patterns of a pre-Columbian Andean community
Ancient DNA retrieved from 15-16th Century Andean burial mounds confirms historical and ethnographic evidence that communities were organized into social structures with extended family groups buried in a single grave.
Source: BioMed Central - April 23, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Mateusz BacaKarolina DoanMaciej SobczykAnna StankovicPiotr Weglenski Source Type: research

Team history and choking under pressure in major soccer penalty shootouts.
In conclusion, the results support the existence of historical dependency effects for performance on important and dramatic high-pressure tasks and they are in part consistent with a view of choking under pressure as a function of threatened egotism and self-regulation failure. PMID: 22506750 [PubMed - in process]
Source: British Journal of Psychology - April 22, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jordet G, Hartman E, Vuijk PJ Tags: Br J Psychol Source Type: research

Communication: A Matter of Life and Death: Historical Lessons Are a Standard for the Future
No abstract available
Source: Advances in Skin and Wound Care - April 22, 2012 Category: Dermatology Tags: Departments: Editorial Source Type: research

Impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiation on the tumor burden before liver transplantation for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma
AbstractThe very early experience with liver transplantation (LT) for cholangiocarcinoma (CC) was dismal because of the poor survival outcomes and the high recurrence rates. However, LT for CC in conjunction with neoadjuvant chemoradiation recently has shown encouraging results, although the data are extremely limited. At our institution between 2001 and 2008, 22 CC patients underwent protocol orthotopic LT at a median age of 45 years (range = 24‐63 years). At a median follow‐up of 601.5 days (range = 111‐1388 days), the median survival time of the cohort was 3.3 years. The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year Kaplan‐Meier sur...
Source: Liver Transplantation - April 22, 2012 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Chakri Panjala, Justin H. Nguyen, Ali N. Al‐Hajjaj, Barry A. Rosser, Raouf E. Nakhleh, Mellena D. Bridges, Stephen J. Ko, Steven J. Buskirk, George P. Kim, Denise M. Harnois Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Identification of older patients at risk of unplanned readmission after discharge from the emergency department - comparison of two screening tools.
CONCLUSIONS: Both ISAR and TRST tools predicted modestly unplanned readmission after an ED-visit among patients over 75 years. Nevertheless, due to their low specificity and high NPV these screening tools are useful to select elderly ED-patients who can safely return home without any further CGA. PMID: 22252274 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: Swiss Medical Weekly - April 21, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Graf CE, Giannelli SV, Herrmann FR, Sarasin FP, Michel JP, Zekry D, Chevalley T Tags: Swiss Med Wkly Source Type: research

Behavioral indicators of propensity to murder sex offenders
CONCLUSION: We conclude that sex offenders, appear to have indicators that allow a deeper investigation in relation to antisocial personality, but those who kill their victims differ in their historical behavior of those who do not commit murder subsequent to the act of rape. Are indicators of behavioral propensity to murder sex offenders, are more commonly under the influence of alcohol/drugs during the act of rape, suicidality, premature start of criminal life and high impulsivity.
Source: Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria - April 21, 2012 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Protein Ser/Thr Phosphatases : The Ugly Ducklings of Cell Signaling
Abstract:This review article traces the historical origins and conceptual developments leading to the current state of knowledge of the three superfamilies of protein Ser/Thr phosphatases. PR Enzyme was discovered by Gerty and Carl Cori as an enzyme that inactivates glycogen phosphorylase, but it took ten years before this ugly duckling was recognized for its true identity as a protein Ser/Thr phosphatase. Ethanol denaturation for purification in the 1970′s yielded a phosphatase that exhibited broad specificity, which was resolved into type‐1 and type‐2 phosphatases in the 1980’s. More recent developments show regu...
Source: FEBS Journal - April 21, 2012 Category: Research Authors: David L. Brautigan Source Type: research

Dr Robert McKechnie: Vancouver's pioneer surgeon and a patron of British Columbia sports & education
Abstract: Robert E. McKechnie, M.D.C.M. (1861–1944), was a distinguished graduate of McGill Medical School and a pioneer in the early days of surgery in Vancouver, Canada. He was a long-standing Canadian leader in both clinical and academic surgery. In addition, he played an important role in the founding of the University of British Columbia. He also commissioned an important challenge cup for the British Columbia rugby championship team in the same time and place as the establishment of hockey's Stanley Cup.
Source: American Journal of Surgery - April 20, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Preston L. Carter Tags: Historian's Lecture Source Type: research

[Series] Future medicine shaped by an interdisciplinary new biology
The projected effects of the new biology on future medicine are described. The new biology is essentially the result of shifts in the way biological research has progressed over the past few years, mainly through the involvement of physical scientists and engineers in biological thinking and research with the establishment of new teams and task forces to address the new challenges in biology. Their contributions go well beyond the historical contributions of mathematics, physical sciences, and engineering to medical practice that were largely equipment oriented.
Source: LANCET - April 20, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Paul O'Shea Tags: Series Source Type: research