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Editorial Board
(Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - May 15, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Modeling the initial transmission dynamics of influenza A H1N1 in Guangdong Province, China
Conclusions: With the help of the serological survey, useful estimates of key epidemiological parameters for the influenza A H1N1 outbreak in Guangdong Province were obtained. The sensitivity analysis suggests that different latent periods and infectious periods, which specify different mean durations of generation time, have a significant impact on R0. Our proposed model and findings provide a relevant contribution towards understanding the characteristics of influenza A H1N1 in Guangdong Province. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - May 15, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Xuhui Tan, Lingling Yuan, Jingjing Zhou, Yinan Zheng, Fen Yang Tags: Original Reports Source Type: research

Rapid, complex adaptation of transmitted HIV-1 full-length genomes in subtype C-infected individuals with differing disease progression: Erratum
No abstract available (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - May 15, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Errata Source Type: research

Leukocyte cell population data (volume conductivity scatter) in postprandial leukocyte activation
ConclusionPostprandial leukocyte activation is accompanied by temporary changes in leukocyte cell population data, similar to changes observed during various infections, but to a lesser extent. (Source: Clinical and Laboratory Haematology)
Source: Clinical and Laboratory Haematology - May 15, 2013 Category: Hematology Authors: B. Klop, G.‐J. M. Geijn, T. L. Njo, H. W. Janssen, A. P. Rietveld, A. Miltenburg, L. Fernández‐Sender, J. W. F. Elte, M. Castro Cabezas Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Determinants of suboptimal hepatitis B vaccine uptake among men in the Republic of Korea: where should our efforts be focused: results from cross-sectional study
Conclusions: It is important to develop strategic interventions targeted at less-educated men to increase uptake of a complete three-dose series of HBV vaccinations as a primary approach to preventing liver cancer. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - May 14, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Boyoung ParkKui Son ChoiHoo-Yeon LeeMin-Son KwakJae Kwan JunEun-Cheol Park Source Type: research

Attitude towards antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prescription among HIV specialists
Conclusions: Although conflicting attitudes appear evident, most specialists seem to be willing, with guidance from normative bodies, to promote PrEP within multiple prevention strategies among vulnerable populations. More scientific evidence regarding effectiveness could overcome resistance. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - May 14, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Vincenzo PuroAntonio PalummieriGabriella De CarliPierluca PiselliGiuseppe Ippolito Source Type: research

Pulmonary actinomycosis during the first decade of 21st century: cases of 94 patients
Conclusions: The results demonstrate that pulmonary actinomycosis is one of the cautious pulmonary diseases. More importantly, in cases of persistent hemoptysis or for differential diagnosis from lung malignancy, our data have revealed that surgical resection appears to be a useful intervention and that radiologic diagnosis may not provide decisive information. These findings indicate that it is important for the clinicians to include pulmonary actinomycosis as one of differential diagnoses for refractory pulmonary abnormal lesions to the current usual management. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - May 14, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: So Ri KimLae Young JungIn-Jae OhYoung-Chul KimKyeong-Cheol ShinMin Ki LeeSei-Hoon YangHee Sun ParkMi-Kyung KimJin Young KwakSoo-Jung UmSeung Won RaWoo Jin KimSeungsoo KimEu-Gene ChoiYong Chul Lee Source Type: research

Role of Traditional Antimalarial Plants in the Battle Against the Global Malaria Burden
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)
Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases - May 13, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Camel Milk-Associated Infection Risk Perception and Knowledge in French Hajj Pilgrims
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)
Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases - May 13, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Co-Infection with Arsenophonus nasoniae and Orientia tsutsugamushi in a Traveler
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)
Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases - May 13, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Mosquito Protein Kinase G Phosphorylates Flavivirus NS5 and Alters Flight Behavior in Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)
Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases - May 13, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Trans-Sialidase Inhibition Assay Detects Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Different Wild Mammal Species
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)
Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases - May 13, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Serological Evidence for Exposure of Dogs to Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia typhi, and Orientia tsutsugamushi in Sri Lanka
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)
Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases - May 13, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Recent Circulation of West Nile Virus and Potentially Other Closely Related Flaviviruses in Southern France
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)
Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases - May 13, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

HCV Phase III Studies and Approved Agents
CCO Slideset - In this downloadable slideset, Paul Y. Kwo, MD; David R. Nelson, MD; and Stefan Zeuzem, MD, review results from HCV phase III trials and key studies of approved HCV agents from the 2013 European Association for the Study of Liver. (Source: Clinical Care Options Hepatitis - HCV)
Source: Clinical Care Options Hepatitis - HCV - May 13, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

How to use... neonatal TORCH testing
Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus have in common that they can cause congenital (TORCH) infection, leading to fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. During the last decades, TORCH screening, which is generally considered to be single serum testing, has been increasingly used inappropriately and questions have been raised concerning the indications and cost-effectiveness of TORCH testing. The problems of TORCH screening lie in requesting the screening for the wrong indications, wrong interpretation of the single serum results and in case there is a good indication for diagnosis of con...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - May 13, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: de Jong, E. P., Vossen, A. C. T. M., Walther, F. J., Lopriore, E. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Travel medicine, Tropical medicine (infectious diseases), Screening (epidemiology), Screening (public health) Interpretations Source Type: research

Bronchodilators in wheezy under 2-year-olds: when and which (if any)?
Clinical case Amy is 13 months old and presented to the children's emergency department with a 5-week history of wheezing. Her parents explain that they have seen her general practitioner twice and attended the local walk-in centre three times over the last month. She has been prescribed antibiotics and salbutamol both of which Amy ‘hates’. On examination, she had a dry cough with mild respiratory distress. She has occasional crepitations and widespread wheeze. Parents smoke ‘outside the house’ but neither has asthma. She is their first child. Clinically, she is well but parents would like to k...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - May 13, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Carroll, W. D., Srinivas, J. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Editor's choice, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, Child health, Airway biology, Asthma, Drugs: respiratory system Pharmacy update Source Type: research

Answers to Dermatophile questions
From questions on page 106. ANSWER TO Question 1 The answer is (D), kerion. This is a manifestation of tinea capitis, ringworm of the scalp. It can occur in more severe cases and in the very young, resulting in a boggy mass on the scalp with loss of hair. Diagnosis can be difficult as potassium hydroxide preparations can be negative in the presence of such inflammation; culture is frequently needed to prove scalp infection. Treatment must be in the form of an oral antifungal drug indicated for tinea capitis for sufficient duration. Use of a topical antifungal shampoo is recommended concurrently to decrease spread of ...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - May 13, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Lio, P. A., Lee, K. C. Tags: Journalology, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, Child health, Dermatology, Competing interests (ethics), Thyroid disease Dermatophile Source Type: research

Tension gastrothorax: a rare cause of breathlessness
A 67-year-old lady presented to the emergency department with a 4 day history of breathlessness for which she had started clarithromycin. She had a history of a hiatal hernia repair in 1996 and had recently started inhalers for presumed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Her pulse was 101 bpm, blood pressure 174/120 mm Hg, respiratory rate 36 and O2 saturations 88% on air. She was clammy, dyspnoeic and auscultation of her chest revealed global wheeze. She was treated for an exacerbation of COPD. A chest radiograph showed a massive gastrothorax with mediastinal shift (figure 1). Attempts to pa...
Source: Emergency Medicine Journal - May 13, 2013 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Gagg, J. W., Savva, A. Tags: Oesophagus, Drugs: infectious diseases, Hypertension, Radiology, Surgical diagnostic tests, Clinical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnostics), Ethics Images in emergency medicine Source Type: research

BET 3: In well-appearing children suspected of meningococcal disease can procalcitonin reduce the need for empiric antibiotic treatment?
Report by: David Herd, CED Fellow Search checked by: Katie Cole Grimes, Specialty Registrar Institution: Starship Children's Hospital (Auckland, NZ), Manchester Royal Infirmary (UK) Abstract A short-cut review of the literature was carried out to establish whether the biological marker procalcitonin could safely rule out the diagnosis of meningococcal disease (MCD) in children. Using the below outlined search method and after the exclusion of the non-relevant papers, two were found to be relevant to the specific question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, res...
Source: Emergency Medicine Journal - May 13, 2013 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: EMJ Best evidence topic reports, Drugs: infectious diseases, Meningitis, Ethics Source Type: research

Drug‐resistance development differs between HIV‐1‐infected patients failing first‐line antiretroviral therapy containing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with and without thymidine analogues
ConclusionsAt first‐line regimen failure, a lower prevalence of RTI resistance was found in patients treated with NNRTI + non‐TA compared with those treated with NNRTI + zidovudine + lamivudine. These results confirm that the choice of backbone may influence the prevalence of drug resistance at virological failure. (Source: HIV Medicine)
Source: HIV Medicine - May 13, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: MM Santoro, C Sabin, F Forbici, L Bansi, D Dunn, E Fearnhill, E Boumis, E Nicastri, A Antinori, G Palamara, A Callegaro, D Francisci, A Zoncada, F Maggiolo, M Zazzi, CF Perno, F Ceccherini‐Silberstein, C Mussini Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Association of IL-4 and IL-10 maternal haplotypes with immune responses to P. falciparum in mothers and newborns
Conclusion: These data revealed that IL-4 and IL-10 maternal gene polymorphisms are likely to play a role in the regulation of biological parameters in pregnant women at delivery (anaemia, P. falciparum placenta infection) and in newborns (anaemia). Moreover, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 maternal gene polymorphisms were related to IgG responses to MSP-1, MSP-2/3D7 and MSP-2/FC27 in mothers as well as to AMA-1 in newborns. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - May 13, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Adjimon LokossouCélia DechavanneAziz BouraïmaDavid CourtinAgnès Le PortRodolphe LadékpoJulien NoukpoDésiré BonouClaude AhouangninouAudrey SabbaghBenjamin FayomiAchille MassougbodjiAndré GarciaFlorence Migot-Nabias Source Type: research

[News & Analysis] Infectious Diseases: Amid Heightened Concerns, New Name for Novel Coronavirus Emerges
Pathogen to be christened Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or MERS-CoV.Author: Martin Enserink (Source: Science: Current Issue)
Source: Science: Current Issue - May 12, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Martin Enserink Source Type: research

An evaluation of the processing conditions, structure, and properties (biaxial flexural strength and antibacterial efficacy) of sintered strontium-zinc-silicate glass ceramics
The use of artificial bone grafts has increased in order to satisfy a growing demand for bone replacement materials. Initial mechanical stability of synthetic bone grafts is very advantageous for certain clinical applications. Coupled with the advantage of mechanical strength, a material with inherent antibacterial properties would be very beneficial. A series of strontium-doped zinc silicate (Ca–Sr–Na–Zn–Si) glass ceramics have been characterized in terms of their crystalline structure, biaxial flexural strength and antibacterial efficacy based on the identification of optimum sintering conditions....
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - May 12, 2013 Category: Materials Science Authors: Looney, M., Shea, H. O., Gunn, L., Crowley, D., Boyd, D. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Evaluation of pharmacological activities, cytotoxicity and phenolic composition of four Maytenus species used in southern African traditional medicine to treat intestinal infections and diarrhoeal diseases
Conclusion: This study justifies the traditional use of leaf crude extracts and fractions from these four plants to remedy gastrointestinal disorders resulting from infection, inflammation and oxidative stress complications. The study also provides rationale for the use of leaf extracts with same beneficial effects in place of unsustainable root and bark harvest. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - May 11, 2013 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Aroke AhmedLyndy McGawJacobus Eloff Source Type: research

A member of the Plasmodium falciparum PHIST family binds to the erythrocyte cytoskeleton component band 4.1
Identification of a novel interaction between the erythrocyte Band 4.1 protein and a P. falciparum component from the PHIST family of proteins. The paper should be of interest to groups working on the parasite "exportome". (Source: Malaria Journal)
Source: Malaria Journal - May 11, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lindsay ParishDeborah MaiMatthew JonesErika KitsonJulian Rayner Source Type: research

ST9 MRSA strains carrying a variant of type IX SCCmec identified in the Thai community
Conclusions: The SCCmecIX-ST9 MRSA clones of distinct SCCmec subtypes might have emerged in the Thai community and might also have disseminated into the hospital. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - May 11, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Aroonlug LulitanondTeruyo ItoShanshuang LiXiao HanXiao MaChulapan EngchanilAroonwadee ChanawongChotechana WilailuckanaNetchanok JiwakanonKeiichi Hiramatsu Source Type: research

Incidence and Clinical Features of Cerebrovascular Disease Among HIV-Infected Adults in the Southeastern United States
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses)
Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Produce Industry s Food Safety Push Takes Toll on the Environment
Clean greens are healthy greens. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - May 10, 2013 Category: Science Tags: Energy & Sustainability,Health,Society Policy,More Science,Infectious Diseases,Climate,Ecology,Biotechnology,Biotechnology,Ethics,Environment,Energy Source Type: research

Hepatitis B virus‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma: functional roles of MICA variants
This study determined the effects of MICA polymorphisms during HBV infection and HBV‐induced HCC. We conducted a case–controlled study in a Vietnamese cohort and genotyped ten functional MICA polymorphisms including the microsatellite motif in 552 clinically classified hepatitis B virus patients and 418 healthy controls. The serum soluble MICA levels (sMICA) were correlated with MICA variants and liver enzyme levels. We demonstrated a significant contribution of MICA rs2596542G/A promoter variant and nonsynonymous substitutions MICA‐129Met/Val, MICA‐251Gln/Arg, MICA‐175Gly/Ser, triplet repeat polymorphism and res...
Source: Journal of Viral Hepatitis - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: H. V. Tong, N. L. Toan, L. H. Song, C.‐T. Bock, P. G. Kremsner, T. P. Velavan Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Short Communication: Lack of Occult HIV Infection Among Non-AIDS-Defining Cancer Patients in Three Academic Oncology Clinics in the United States
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses Jun 2013, Vol. 29, No. 6: 887-891. (Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses)
Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Short Communication: Effect of Short-Course Antenatal Zidovudine and Single-Dose Nevirapine on the BED Capture Enzyme Immunoassay Levels in HIV Type 1 Subtype C Infection
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses Jun 2013, Vol. 29, No. 6: 901-906. (Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses)
Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Tuberculosis After One Year of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria: A Retrospective Cohort Study
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses Jun 2013, Vol. 29, No. 6: 931-937. (Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses)
Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Short Communication: High Rates of Thymidine Analogue Mutations and Dual-Class Resistance Among HIV-Infected Ugandan Children Failing First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses Jun 2013, Vol. 29, No. 6: 925-930. (Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses)
Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Pathogenesis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)
Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Leptospirosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection Among Febrile Inpatients in Northern Tanzania
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)
Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Physical condition of Olyset(R) nets after five years of utilization in rural western Kenya
Conclusions: Olyset nets were used extensively in Sauri, western Kenya after five years of distribution, regardless of their physical condition. However, nets had a large number of holes, and only 15% were found in good condition. Nets in good condition seem to be still protective after five years of utilization, while nets with more than 100 cm2 of holed surface may be associated with higher malaria parasitaemia at household level. Continued replacement of damaged nets and promotion of net maintenance and repair may be necessary to maintain the protective effectiveness of LLINs. (Source: Malaria Journal)
Source: Malaria Journal - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Paola MejiaHailay TeklehaimanotYihenew TesfayeAwash Teklehaimanot Source Type: research

Patient characteristics but not virulence factors discriminate between asymptomatic and symptomatic E. coli bacteriuria in the hospital
Conclusions: Asymptomatic E. coli bacteriuria in hospitalized patients was frequent and more common in patients with dementia and chronic pulmonary disease. Bacterial virulence factors could not discriminate symptomatic from asymptomatic bacteriurias. Asymptomatic E. coli bacteriuria cannot be predicted by virulence screening. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jonas MarschallMarilyn PiccirilloBetsy FoxmanLixin ZhangDavid WarrenJeffrey Henderson Source Type: research

Incidence, distribution, seasonality, and demographic risk factors of Salmonella Enteritidis human infections in Ontario, Canada, 2007--2009
Conclusions: The study findings suggest that there was an increase in the incidence of S. Enteritidis infections in Ontario from 2007 to 2008--2009, and indicate seasonal, demographic, and regional differences, which warrant further public health attention. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Csaba VargaDavid PearlScott McEwenJan SargeantFrank PollariMichele Guerin Source Type: research

Update on the Prevalence of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Treatment-Naive Individuals
(Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC))
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: James, C. W., Preininger, L. E., Szabo, S. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Considerations on the New Nevirapine: Switching Patients from Twice-Daily to Once-Daily
Nevirapine (NVP) was the first nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) approved for the treatment of HIV infection. NVP can provide safe and efficacious viral suppression for treatment-naive patients and for virologically controlled patients "switching" from other NNRTI or protease inhibitor–based regimens. Formulations allowing once-daily dosing of antiretrovirals can significantly improve regimen adherence, which is important for maintaining virologic control, especially for NNRTI-based regimens with low barriers for genetic resistance. Randomized and controlled clinical trials have established the cl...
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ward, D., Slim, J. Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research