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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 24.

Specific infiltration pattern of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in chronic histiocytic intervillositis of unknown etiology
Conclusion: We found that CIUE is associated with an increase in Treg lymphocytes in the decidua basalis and the intervillous space. Contrary to previously published data on human miscarriage, this result appears to be specific to CIUE and would support the hypothesis of an immunopathological disorder for CIUE.
Source: Placenta - December 27, 2012 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: C. Capuani, F. Meggetto, I. Duga, M. Danjoux, M. March, O. Parant, P. Brousset, J. Aziza Tags: Pathology Source Type: research

Exploring the immune response of porcine mesenteric lymph nodes to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium: an analysis of transcriptional changes, morphological alterations and pathogen burden.
Abstract Infections caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) cause important economic problems in the swine industry and threaten the integrity of a safe and healthy food supply. Controlling the prevalence of Salmonella in pig production requires a thorough knowledge of the response processes that occurs in the gut associated immune tissues. To explore the in vivo porcine response to S. typhimurium, MLN samples from four control pigs and twelve infected animals at 1, 2 and 6 days post infection (dpi) were collected to quantify the mRNA expression of gene coding for 42 innate immune-related...
Source: Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases. - December 27, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Martins RP, Collado-Romero M, Arce C, Lucena C, Carvajal A, Garrido JJ Tags: Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis Source Type: research

Cytokine profile, proliferation and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in circulating mononuclear cells from individuals during the chronic intestinal phase of Schistosomiasis mansoni infection
Conclusions: The data indicate that SEA-stimulated CD4+ T cells from infected patients have a lower proliferation rate than the same cells from the NI group. Furthermore, we observed that SWAP stimulation influences ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the XTO group.
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - December 27, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Roberta Oliveira-PradoIramaya CaldasAndréa Teixeira-CarvalhoMarcus AndradeRafaelle FaresLaís PortugalAndréa GazzinelliRodrigo Corrêa-OliveiraJosé Cunha-Melo Source Type: research

Virologic versus immunologic monitoring and the rate of accumulated genotypic resistance to first-line antiretroviral drugs in Uganda
Conclusions: Routine VL monitoring reduced the rate of accumulated genotypic resistance to commonly used ART in Uganda.
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - December 27, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Steven ReynoldsHakim SendagireKevin NewellBarbara CastelnuovoImmaculate NankyaMoses KamyaThomas QuinnYukari ManabeAndrew Kambugu Source Type: research

Factors associated with malaria parasitaemia, malnutrition, and anaemia among HIV-exposed and unexposed Ugandan infants: a cross-sectional survey
In this is a cross-sectional study, HIV-exposed infants had a higher use of malaria preventative measures and lower odds of malaria parasitaemia compared to HIV-unexposed infants. HIV-exposure was the primary risk factor for measures of malnutrition. The primary risk factor for anaemia was malaria parasitaemia.
Source: Malaria Journal - December 27, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Beth OsterbauerJames KapisiVictor BigiraFlorence MwangwaStephen KinaraMoses KamyaGrant Dorsey Source Type: research

Multicentre study evaluating the non-inferiority of the new paediatric formulation of artesunate/amodiaquine versus artemether/lumefantrine for the management of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Senegal
A randomized, controlled, non-inferiority, multi-centre, open-label comparison of two presentations of ACT in African children.
Source: Malaria Journal - December 27, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Babacar FayeThomas KuétéChristiane Kiki-BarroRoger TineThérèse NkoaJean NdiayeClaude KakpoKhadime SyllaHervé MenanOumar GayeOumar FayeAlbert Same-EkoboKoné Moussa Source Type: research

Efficacy and safety of continuous 4‐year telbivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B
In conclusion, in HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative CHB patients without resistance after 2 years, two additional years of telbivudine treatment continued to provide effective viral suppression with a favourable safety profile. Moreover, telbivudine achieved 53% of HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg‐positive patients.
Source: Journal of Viral Hepatitis - December 27, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Y. Wang, S. Thongsawat, E. J. Gane, Y.‐F. Liaw, J. Jia, J. Hou, H. L. Y. Chan, G. Papatheodoridis, M. Wan, J. Niu, W. Bao, A. Trylesinski, N. V. Naoumov Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Identification of a novel Getah virus by Virus-Discovery-cDNA random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
Conclusions: The VIDISCR method was able to identify known virus isolates and a novel isolate of Getah virus from infected mice. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the YN08 isolate was more closely related to the Hebei HB0234 strain than the YN0540 strain, and more genetically distinct from the MM2021 Malaysia primitive strain.
Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles - December 27, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tingsong HuYing ZhengYan ZhangGangshan LiWei QiuJing YuQinghua CuiYiyin WangCaoxiong ZhangXiaofang ZhouZiliang FengWeiguo ZhouQuanshui FanFuqiang Zhang Source Type: research

What's New and What's Hot? Basic Science at the American Transplant Congress 2012
Application of advanced molecular techniques and novel animal models has provided new insights into basic mechanisms underlying clinical transplantation. Investigations in diverse areas, including graft rejection and tolerance, autoimmunity and infectious diseases, have revealed increasing complexity of the mechanisms controlling immune function, notably at the interface of the innate and adaptive immune systems and within secondary lymphoid organs. New roles have been identified for NK and dendritic cells, B‐lymphocytes and for Th17 and regulatory T cells, notably in novel animal models of costimulatory blockade and tol...
Source: American Journal of Transplantation - December 27, 2012 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: J. A. Fishman Tags: Meeting Report Source Type: research

Phylodynamic Inference and Model Assessment with Approximate Bayesian Computation: Influenza as a Case Study
by Oliver Ratmann, Gé Donker, Adam Meijer, Christophe Fraser, Katia Koelle A key priority in infectious disease research is to understand the ecological and evolutionary drivers of viral diseases from data on disease incidence as well as viral genetic and antigenic variation. We propose using a simulation-based, Bayesian method known as Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) to fit and assess phylodynamic models that simulate pathogen evolution and ecology against summaries of these data. We illustrate the versatility of the method by analyzing two spatial models describing the phylodynamics of interpandemic human in...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - December 27, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Oliver Ratmann et al. Source Type: research

Chapter 1: Biomedical Knowledge Integration
by Philip R. O. Payne The modern biomedical research and healthcare delivery domains have seen an unparalleled increase in the rate of innovation and novel technologies over the past several decades. Catalyzed by paradigm-shifting public and private programs focusing upon the formation and delivery of genomic and personalized medicine, the need for high-throughput and integrative approaches to the collection, management, and analysis of heterogeneous data sets has become imperative. This need is particularly pressing in the translational bioinformatics domain, where many fundamental research questions require the inte...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - December 27, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Philip R. O. Payne Source Type: research

Which Came First: Burden of Infectious Disease or Poverty?
by Jonathan Chase
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - December 27, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Jonathan Chase Source Type: research

Phylogeographic variation in recombination rates within a global clone of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Different evolution rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone ST239 collected in different geographical locations are caused by fast global dissemination
Source: Genome Biology - December 27, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Santiago Castillo-RamirezJukka CoranderPekka MarttinenMona AldeljawiWilliam HanageHenrik WesthKit BoyeZeynep GulayStephen BentleyJulian ParkhillMatthew HoldenEdward Feil Source Type: research

Irreconcilable differences: divorcing geographic mutation and recombination rates within a global MRSA clone
A study of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus reveals its recombination trends, and highlights the challenges of phylogeographic analysis of these pathogens
Source: BioMed Central - December 27, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Todd J TreangenAdam M Phillippy Source Type: research

The effectiveness of retreatment with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C genotype 2 and 3: a prospective cohort study in Brazil
Conclusions: This alternative retreatment for patients who have failed prior therapies for anti-HCV, has demonstrated promising SVR rate, provided that it includes a careful selection of patients with predictors of response and adverse events monitored.
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - December 27, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Simara ArticoKarine AmaralCandice GonçalvesPaulo Picon Source Type: research

Hepatitis B Infection among high risk population: a seroepidemiological survey in Southwest of Iran
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk behaviors for HBV infection among high risk groups in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province, in Southwest of Iran. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 2009 subjects, between 2009 and 2010 in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province, in southwest of Iran. Recruited subjects were the high risk groups for HBV infection, including inmates, injecting drug users, health care workers, patients on maintenance haemodialysis, hemophilic patients and patients with a history of blood transfusion. Their serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen ...
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - December 27, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ablolmajid KhosravaniBahador SarkariHalimeh NegahbanAsghar SharifiMehdi ToriOwrang Eilami Source Type: research

Negative effect of smoking on the performance of the QuantiFERON TB gold in tube test
Conclusions: Cigarette smoking was associated with false negative and indeterminate IGRA results in both a high and a low TB endemic setting independent of HIV status.
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - December 27, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Martine AabyeThomas HermansenMorten RuhwaldGeorge PrayGodDaniel Faurholt-JepsenKidola JeremiahMaria Faurholt-JepsenNyagosya RangeHenrik FriisJohn ChangaluchaAase AndersenPernille Ravn Source Type: research

A Cross‐Sectional Study of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Healthy People Directly Exposed and Unexposed to Pigs in a Rural Community in Northern Thailand
Summary A cross‐sectional study of the association between occupational pig exposure and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in adult pig farmers and the general population who were not directly exposed to pigs was conducted in Nan Province, Thailand, from November 2010 to April 2011. All participants were interviewed to provide information on their job history, eating habits and other potential confounders. The prevalence of anti‐HEV immunoglobulin G antibodies (IgG) among 513 subjects was 23.0%. Hand washing with water and soap was associated with a lower seroprevalence of HEV infection, whereas living in an area with ...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - December 27, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: S. Hinjoy, K. E. Nelson, R. V. Gibbons, R. G. Jarman, D. Mongkolsirichaikul, P. Smithsuwan, S. Fernandez, A. B. Labrique, P. Patchanee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Health Care and HIV Testing Experiences Among Black Men in the South: Implications for “Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain” HIV Prevention Strategies
AIDS Patient Care and STDs , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: AIDS Patient Care and STDs - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Transient Hepatitis B Surface Antigenemia after Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine in an HIV-Infected Patient
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Synergism Between a CD4-Mimic Peptide and Antibodies Elicited by a Constrained V3 Peptide
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

Aggressive Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: The Tip of the Iceberg of the Hidden Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection Burden in Nonendemic Countries
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article Source Type: research

The consortium for the standardization of influenza seroepidemiology (CONSISE): a global partnership to standardize influenza seroepidemiology and develop influenza investigation protocols to inform public health policy
CONSISE – The consortium for the Standardization of Influenza Seroepidemiology – is a global partnership to develop influenza investigation protocols and standardize seroepidemiology to inform health policy. This international partnership was formed in 2011 and was created out of a need, identified during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, for timely seroepidemiological data to better estimate pandemic virus infection severity and attack rates to inform policy decisions. CONSISE has developed into a consortium of two interactive working groups: epidemiology and laboratory, with a steering committee composed of individuals from se...
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Maria D. Kerkhove, Eeva Broberg, Othmar G. Engelhardt, John Wood, Angus Nicoll, Tags: Short Article Source Type: research

In vivo infectivity of liver extracts after resolution of hepadnaviral infection following therapy associating DNA vaccine and cytokine genes
In conclusion, our results indicate that IFN‐γ gene co‐delivery considerably enhances immunotherapeutic efficacy of DNA vaccine targeting hepadnaviral proteins. Importantly, we also showed that livers exhibiting only minute amounts of hepadnaviral cccDNA could induce extremely high‐titre infection, highlighting the caution that should be taken in occult hepatitis B patients to prevent HBV transmission in liver transplantation context.
Source: Journal of Viral Hepatitis - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: F. Saade, T. Buronfosse, S. Guerret, P. Pradat, M. Chevallier, F. Zoulim, C. Jamard, L. Cova Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Bacterial and viral interactions within the nasopharynx contribute to the risk of acute otitis media
Summary: Objectives: To understand relationships between microbes in pathogenesis of acute otitis media during respiratory tract infections, we compared nasopharyngeal bacteria and respiratory viruses in symptomatic children with and without AOM.Methods: We enrolled children (6–35 months) with acute symptoms suggestive of AOM and analyzed their nasopharyngeal samples for bacteria by culture and for 15 respiratory viruses by PCR. Non-AOM group had no abnormal otoscopic signs or only middle ear effusion, while AOM group showed middle ear effusion and acute inflammatory signs in pneumatic otoscopy along with acute symptoms....
Source: Journal of Infection - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Aino Ruohola, Melinda M. Pettigrew, Laura Lindholm, Jari Jalava, Kati S. Räisänen, Raija Vainionpää, Matti Waris, Paula A. Tähtinen, Miia K. Laine, Elina Lahti, Olli Ruuskanen, Pentti Huovinen Tags: Infectious Disease Practice Source Type: research

A theoretical study of the role of spatial population structure in the evolution of parasite virulence.
Abstract The rich theory of infectious disease modelling using the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) framework is mainly based on the assumption of a well-mixed population, under which evolutionary behaviours (typically derived using adaptive dynamics) are shown to depend critically on the qualitative features of a virulence-transmission trade-off. Spatial extensions of this work, using simulation studies, show multiple evolutionary outcomes, which strongly depend on trade-off shape and, additionally, the length scale of the infectious process. In this paper, we aim to shed analytical insight into the mechanis...
Source: Theoretical Population Biology - December 26, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Webb SD, Keeling MJ, Boots M Tags: Theor Popul Biol Source Type: research

Suggestion to school pharmacists to utilize absolute humidity parameter for maintaining air-conditioning.
Abstract One of the major roles of a school pharmacist is to maintain adequate air conditioning in the school to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Influenza, the most important infectious disease at school, can be a cause of temporary closure of classes. We ordinarily examine relative humidity (RH), a popular parameter in the pharmaceutical field. However, RH is the ratio of vapor pressure to saturation vapor pressure at the indicated temperature and does not indicate the actual amount of water in the atmosphere. RH is temperature-dependent and varies easily with temperature. The use of absolute humidity (...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - December 26, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ueshiba R, Ueshiba R, Abe K, Kingetsu M, Ito M Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: research

Resveratrol suppresses calcium-mediated microglial activation and rescues hippocampal neurons of adult rats following acute bacterial meningitis.
Abstract Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is a serious disease with severe neurological sequelae. The intense calcium-mediated microglial activation and subsequently pro-inflammatory cytokine release plays an important role in eliciting ABM-related oxidative damage. Considering resveratrol possesses significant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, the present study aims to determine whether resveratrol would exert beneficial effects on hippocampal neurons following ABM. ABM was induced by inoculating Klebsiella pneumoniae into adult rats intraventricularly. The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrom...
Source: Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases. - December 26, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sheu JN, Liao WC, Wu UI, Shyu LY, Mai FD, Chen LY, Chen MJ, Youn SC, Chang HM Tags: Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis Source Type: research

First description of natural Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys infections in dogs from Argentina.
Abstract Bacteria belonging to the Anaplasmataceae family are vector transmitted agents that affect a variety of vertebrate hosts including the tick-borne pathogens Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys, which cause canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and cyclic thrombocytopenia, respectively. These two infections, typically reported from tropical and sub-tropical regions, have not been previously reported in dogs from Argentina. A total of 86 blood samples from dogs with suspected rickettsial disease and 28 non-suspected dogs were studied. Analysis included evaluation of hematological findings, PCR for Ehrlichia and Anap...
Source: Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases. - December 26, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Eiras DF, Craviotto MB, Vezzani D, Eyal O, Baneth G Tags: Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis Source Type: research

Sustainable malaria control: transdisciplinary approaches for translational applications
If the malaria community is to achieve elimination and eradication, the key realization is that this has to be approached with the long-term goal of sustainability. This review could provide a convenient ¿first stop¿ for readers interested in an overview of the requirements and considerations for sustainable malaria control and elimination.
Source: Malaria Journal - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lyn-Marie BirkholtzRiana BornmanWalter FockeClifford MuteroChristiaan Jager Source Type: research

Co‐presentation of human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1)‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult‐onset infective dermatitis associated with HTLV‐1 infection
Conclusion We draw attention to the possibility of co‐presentation of adult‐onset IDH in patients with a previous diagnosis of HAM/TSP, although IDH is a disease classically described in children. Thus, dermatologists should be aware of these diagnoses in areas endemic for HTLV‐1 infection.
Source: International Journal of Dermatology - December 26, 2012 Category: Dermatology Authors: Renata Okajima, Jorge Casseb, José A. Sanches Tags: Tropical medicine rounds Source Type: research

Newborn calf welfare: A review focusing on mortality rates
Abstract Calf mortality control is vitally important for farmers, not only to improve animal welfare, but also to increase productivity. High calf mortality rates can be related to larger numbers of calves in a herd, employee performance, severe weather, and the neonatal period covering the first 4 weeks of life. Although the basic premise of preventing newborn calf mortality is early detection and treatment of calves at risk for failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins, calf mortality due to infectious diseases such as acute diarrhea increases in the presence of these physical and psychological stressors. This sugge...
Source: Animal Science Journal - December 26, 2012 Category: Zoology Authors: Katsuji Uetake Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Free radical scavenging capacity, anticandicidal effect of bioactive compounds from Sida Cordifolia L., in combination with nystatin and clotrimazole and their effect on specific immune response in rats
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that alkaloid compounds in combination with antifungal references (Nystatin and Clotrimazole) exhibited antimicrobial effects against candida strains tested.The results supported the utilization of these plants in infectious diseases particularly in treatment of candida infections.
Source: Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials - December 26, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: Maurice OuédraogoKiessoun KonatéAlexis LepenguéAlain SouzaBertrand M¿BatchiLaya Sawadogo Source Type: research

Fatal Escherichia coli skin and soft tissue infections in liver transplant recipients: report of three cases
Abstract Gram‐negative bacilli are unusual agents of skin and soft tissue infections. Most previous cases have been reported in cirrhotic or immunocompromised patients, including a single case in a liver transplant recipient. The present report describes 3 cases of fatal skin or soft tissue infections caused by Escherichia coli that occurred in the postoperative course of liver transplantation. The 3 patients were profoundly immunosuppressed as a result of pre‐transplant cirrhosis and the postoperative administration of a potent immunosuppressive therapy. Skin and soft tissue infections developed within the first week ...
Source: Transplant Infectious Disease - December 26, 2012 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: S. Janny, F. Bert, F. Dondero, M.‐H. Nicolas Chanoine, J. Belghiti, J. Mantz, C. Paugam‐Burtz Tags: Case report Source Type: research

DAS181 treatment of severe parainfluenza type 3 pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient
We report the use of inhaled DAS181, a novel sialidase fusion protein, to treat severe PIV type 3 pneumonia in a lung transplant patient. Treatment was well tolerated and associated with improvement in oxygenation and symptoms, along with rapid clearance of PIV. DAS181 should be systematically evaluated for treatment of PIV infection in transplant recipients.
Source: Transplant Infectious Disease - December 26, 2012 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: D.R. Drozd, A.P. Limaye, R.B. Moss, R.L. Sanders, C. Hansen, J.D. Edelman, G. Raghu, M. Boeckh, R.M. Rakita Tags: Case report Source Type: research

Expect the unexpected: pleuro‐pulmonary melioidosis in a renal transplant recipient
We report a rare case of pleuro‐pulmonary melioidosis with septicemia in a renal transplant recipient to highlight the potential risk of acquiring this infection in at‐risk patients living in, or visiting, regions that are endemic for melioidosis, and to convey the importance of its early diagnosis and specific treatment.
Source: Transplant Infectious Disease - December 26, 2012 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Z. Jabbar, T.M. Han, F. Gagan Tags: Case report Source Type: research

Factors promoting the prolonged shedding of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus in patients treated with oseltamivir for 5 days
ConclusionsThe presence of major comorbidities, a delay in initiating antiviral treatment, and continuing respiratory symptoms after 5 days of antiviral treatment are associated with prolonged shedding of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus.
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Seung M. Ryoo, Won Y. Kim, Chang H. Sohn, Dong W. Seo, Bum J. Oh, Jae H. Lee, Yoon S. Lee, Kyoung S. Lim Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Additional risk factors for infection by multidrug-resistant pathogens in healthcare-associated infection: a large cohort study
Background: There is a lack of consensus regarding the definition of risk factors for healthcare-associated infection (HCAI). The purpose of this study was to identify additional risk factors for HCAI, which are not included in the current definition of HCAI, associated with infection by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, in all hospitalized infected patients from the community. Methods: This 1-year prospective cohort study included all patients with infection admitted to a large, tertiary care, university hospital. Risk factors not included in the HCAI definition, and independently associated with MDR pathogen infection...
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Teresa CardosoOrquídea RibeiroIrene AragãoAltamiro Costa-PereiraAntónio Sarmento Source Type: research

A case--control study of risk factors for HIV-negative children with cryptococcal meningitis in Shi Jiazhuang, China
Conclusions: Our findings show that CM is an uncommon disease with a high mortality rate in children. Although additional studies are needed to find effective prevention and treatments for CM, clinicians should consider CM as a potential cause for pediatric meningitis in children, particularly boys from rural areas, who had contact with birds/bird droppings or saprophytes and in children who did not receive prompt medical attention.
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jianhua GuoJikun ZhouShiyong ZhangXin ZhangJing LiYinqi SunShunxiang Qi Source Type: research

Hepatitis viruses (other than hepatitis B and C viruses) as causes of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update
Summary Chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections are universally accepted as causes of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. Hepatitis A and E viruses cause only acute self‐limiting infections of the liver. Of the remaining hepatitis viruses ‐ Delta hepatitis, hepatitis G (GB‐C), TT and SEN ‐ all have at some time been incriminated as causes of hepatocellular carcinoma. Delta hepatitis virus requires helper functions from hepatitis B virus to become invasive. Chronic Delta/hepatitis B viral co‐infection runs a more severe course than that resulting from chronic hepatitis B virus infection alone, with progression ...
Source: Journal of Viral Hepatitis - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: M. C. Kew Tags: Review Source Type: research

Decompression Illness
Source: Journal of Travel Medicine - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: John Lippmann Tags: BOOK REVIEW Source Type: research

Response to Letter
Source: Journal of Travel Medicine - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mugen Ujiie, Meng Ling Moi, Yasuyuki Kato, Tomohiko Takasaki Tags: CORRESPONDENCE Source Type: research

Diagnosis of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in Travelers Returning From West Africa
Source: Journal of Travel Medicine - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Michael Eisenhut, Tags: CORRESPONDENCE Source Type: research

Allergy to IXIARO and BIKEN Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines
We describe an allergic reaction to both mouse brain‐derived BIKEN and Vero cell‐derived IXIARO Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines in a single traveler. In the absence of the stabilizers and murine proteins in the BIKEN vaccine, a common factor in both vaccines is likely to be responsible, possibly JE virus antigen itself.
Source: Journal of Travel Medicine - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Andrew D. McCallum, Michael E. Jones Tags: BRIEF COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

Prolonged Fever and Splinter Hemorrhages in an Immunocompetent Traveler With Disseminated Histoplasmosis
We present a case of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent traveler. Histoplasmosis was acquired in South America; its manifestations included prolonged fever, splinter hemorrhages, erythema multiforme, arthritis, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. To the best of our knowledge no splinter hemorrhages had previously been reported in a patient with histoplasmosis.
Source: Journal of Travel Medicine - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Roni Bitterman, Ilana Oren, Yuval Geffen, Hannah Sprecher, Eli Schwartz, Ami Neuberger Tags: BRIEF COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

Molecular Characterization of Mediterranean Spotted Fever Rickettsia Isolated From a European Traveler in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Abstract Rickettsial spotted fever is common in southeastern Brazil. Differential diagnosis of pathogens can be performed with proper laboratory methods. A traveler arriving from Portugal developed a fatal febrile hemorrhagic syndrome diagnosed as spotted fever rickettsiosis. We isolated the agent, which was identified as Rickettsia conorii conorii by sequencing rickettsial genes.
Source: Journal of Travel Medicine - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Flávia S. Gehrke, Rodrigo N. Angerami, Mauro T. Marrelli, Eliana R. Souza, Elvira M.M. do Nascimento, Silvia Colombo, Luiz J. Silva, Teresinha T.S. Schumaker Tags: BRIEF COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

Malaria Diagnosed by Autopsy in a Young Traveler Returning From Uganda: Limitations of Surveillance
Fatal infectious disease acquired during international travel is less likely to be captured through existing surveillance when diagnosis is delayed or missed, especially as autopsy rates decline. Death of a young girl owing to malaria demonstrates needs for increased examination of travel‐related deaths through postmortem investigation, autopsy, and expanded surveillance.
Source: Journal of Travel Medicine - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Christopher A. Taylor, Dianna M. Blau, Constance R. DiAngelo, Wun‐Ju Shieh, Sherif R. Zaki, Paul M. Arguin Tags: BRIEF COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

Hepatitis B Screening in US Travelers Seen at the Boston Area Travel Medicine Network
ConclusionThe travel clinic offers an opportunity to capture, identify, and educate infected persons unaware of their infection, educate those with known results, and initiate preventive action (eg, vaccination) for those still susceptible.
Source: Journal of Travel Medicine - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lin H. Chen, Elizabeth D. Barnett, Mary E. Wilson, William MacLeod, Emad A. Yanni, Winnie Ooi, Adolf W. Karchmer, Laura Kogelman, Nina Marano, Davidson H. Hamer Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Risk Perception and Travelers
Source: Journal of Travel Medicine - December 26, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Peter A. Leggat, Richard Franklin Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research

Specific Antibody Deficiency in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections: a Controlled Study with Follow‐Up
ConclusionsSAD is common in young children with recurrent respiratory infections but it is often transient and resolves itself within a few years without specific treatment.
Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology - December 25, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Olli Ruuskanen, Anu Nurkka, Merja Helminen, Matti K. Viljanen, Helena Käyhty, Leena Kainulainen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research