Journals (General) Research 
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 37.
Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: It remains uncertain whether increasing blood flow using fluids, with or without inotropes or vasoactive drugs, reduces mortality in adults undergoing surgery. The primary analysis in this review (mortality at longest follow-up) showed no difference between the intervention and control, but this result was sensitive to the method of analysis, the withdrawal of studies with methodological limitations, and is dominated by a single large RCT. Overall, for every 100 patients in whom blood flow is increased perioperatively to defined goals, one can expect 13 in 100 patients (from 40/100 to 27/100) to avoid a compli...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Grocott MP, Dushianthan A, Hamilton MA, Mythen MG, Harrison D, Rowan K, Optimisation Systematic Review Steering Group Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.
CONCLUSIONS: The limited data available suggest that rectal 5-ASA is effective and safe for maintenance of remission of mild to moderately active distal UC. Well designed randomized trials are needed to establish the optimal dosing regimen for rectal 5-ASA, to compare rectal 5-ASA with rectal corticosteroids and to identify subgroups of patients who are more or less responsive to specific rectal 5-ASA regimens. The combination of oral and rectal 5-ASA appears to be more effective than either oral or rectal monotherapy for induction of remission. The efficacy of combination therapy for maintenance of remission has not been ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Marshall JK, Thabane M, Steinhart AH, Newman JR, Anand A, Irvine EJ Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for promoting fracture healing and treating fracture non-union.
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review failed to locate any relevant clinical evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of HBOT for the management of delayed union or established non-union of bony fractures. Good quality clinical trials are needed to define the role, if any, of HBOT in the treatment of these injuries. There are three randomised controlled trials underway and we anticipate these will help provide some relevant clinical evidence to address this issue in the future.
PMID: 23152225 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Bennett MH, Stanford RE, Turner R Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Drug therapy for delirium in terminally ill adult patients.
CONCLUSIONS: There remains insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the role of drug therapy in the treatment of delirium in terminally ill patients. Thus, practitioners should continue to follow current clinical guidelines. Further research is essential.
PMID: 23152226 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Candy B, Jackson KC, Jones L, Leurent B, Tookman A, King M Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS: Caution is required in interpreting the results given the methodological limitations of the included trials in terms of internal and external validity. Further, the size and clinical meaningfulness of statistically significant results are uncertain. However, given the risks of untreated depression in terms of completed suicide and impacts on functioning, if a decision to use medication is agreed, then fluoxetine might be the medication of first choice given guideline recommendations. Clinicians need to keep in mind that there is evidence of an increased risk of suicide-related outcomes in those treated with an...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Hetrick SE, McKenzie JE, Cox GR, Simmons MB, Merry SN Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS: Though multiple micronutrients have been found to have a significant beneficial impact on SGA and low birthweight babies, we still need more evidence to guide a universal policy change and to suggest replacement of routine iron and folate supplementation with a MMS. Future trials should be adequately powered to evaluate the effects on mortality and other morbidity outcomes. Trials should also assess the effect of variability between different combinations and dosages of micronutrients, keeping within the safe recommended levels. In regions with deficiency of a single micronutrient, evaluation of each micronutr...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Haider BA, Bhutta ZA Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Shengmai (a traditional Chinese herbal medicine) for heart failure.
CONCLUSIONS: Shengmai may be beneficial in treating heart failure, especially in terms of improving the NYHA functional classification with Shengmai plus usual treatment. However, the evidence for its effects on mortality and hospitalisation are not available yet. Therefore more studies, of higher quality and long-term follow-up, are needed to provide more evidence for the future use of Shengmai.
PMID: 23152229 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Chen J, Yao Y, Chen H, Kwong JS, Chen J Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of premature and low birth weight infants.
CONCLUSIONS: There was one small cross-over study that was included in this review. There is insufficient evidence to recommend either method of gavage feeding. A randomised trial is needed to evaluate the benefits and harms of push versus gravity bolus tube feeding in preterm infants. Infants should be stratified by gestational age at birth (above and below 32 weeks) or birth weight (above and below 1500 grams) and respiratory support (ventilated versus non-ventilated) and the sample size should be of sufficient size to evaluate the primary outcomes outlined in this review (time to establish full tube feeds and feeding in...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Dawson JA, Summan R, Badawi N, Foster JP Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence for ADP receptor antagonists in patients with diabetes mellitus is limited and most trials do not report outcomes for patients with diabetes separately. Therefore, recommendations for the use of ADP receptor antagonists for the prevention of CVD in patients with diabetes are based on available evidence from trials including patients with and without diabetes. Trials with diabetes patients and subgroup analyses of patients with diabetes in trials with combined populations are needed to provide a more robust evidence base to guide clinical management in patients with diabetes.
PMID: 23...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Valentine N, Van de Laar FA, van Driel ML Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Rehabilitation for ankle fractures in adults.
CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence supporting early commencement of weight-bearing and the use of a removable type of immobilisation to allow exercise during the immobilisation period after surgical fixation. Because of the potential increased risk of adverse events, the patient's ability to comply with the use of a removable type of immobilisation to enable controlled exercise is essential. There is little evidence for rehabilitation interventions during the immobilisation period after conservative orthopaedic management and no evidence for stretching, manual therapy or exercise compared to usual care following the im...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lin CW, Donkers NA, Refshauge KM, Beckenkamp PR, Khera K, Moseley AM Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Exercise for the management of cancer-related fatigue in adults.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the updated review have enabled a more precise conclusion to be made in that aerobic exercise can be regarded as beneficial for individuals with cancer-related fatigue during and post-cancer therapy, specifically those with solid tumours. Further research is required to determine the optimal type, intensity and timing of an exercise intervention.
PMID: 23152233 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Cramp F, Byron-Daniel J Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Sedation versus general anaesthesia for provision of dental treatment in under 18 year olds.
CONCLUSIONS: Randomized controlled studies are required comparing the use of dental general anaesthesia with sedation to quantify differences such as morbidity and cost.
PMID: 23152234 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Ashley PF, Williams CE, Moles DR, Parry J Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Sound therapy (masking) in the management of tinnitus in adults.
CONCLUSIONS: The limited data from the included studies failed to show strong evidence of the efficacy of sound therapy in tinnitus management. The absence of conclusive evidence should not be interpreted as evidence of lack of effectiveness. The lack of quality research in this area, in addition to the common use of combined approaches (hearing therapy plus counselling) in the management of tinnitus are, in part, responsible for the lack of conclusive evidence. Other combined forms of management, such as tinnitus retraining therapy, have been subject to a Cochrane Review. Optimal management may involve multiple strategies...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Hobson J, Chisholm E, El Refaie A Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Benzodiazepines for schizophrenia.
CONCLUSIONS: There is currently no convincing evidence to confirm or refute the practise of administering benzodiazepines as monotherapy or in combination with antipsychotics for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosis. Low-quality evidence suggests that benzodiazepines are effective for very short-term sedation and could be considered for calming acutely agitated people with schizophrenia. Measured by the overall attrition rate, the acceptability of benzodiazepine treatment appears to be adequate. Adverse effects were generally poorly reported. High-quality future research projects ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Dold M, Li C, Tardy M, Khorsand V, Gillies D, Leucht S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Endovascular versus conventional medical treatment for uncomplicated chronic type B aortic dissection.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the data at two years were insufficient to make any practice recommendations. However, the data on the anatomic remodeling of dissected aortas observed after TEVAR + OMT is encouraging and future studies should follow up cases for at least five years to see if early endovascular interventions, even in stable initially uncomplicated type B patients, are of long-term benefit.
PMID: 23152237 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Ulug P, McCaslin JE, Stansby G, Powell JT Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation.
CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence shows a benefit of mobile phone-based smoking cessation interventions on long-term outcomes, though results were heterogenous with findings from three of five included studies crossing the line of no effect. The studies included were predominantly of text messaging interventions. More research is required into other forms of mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation, other contexts such as low income countries, and cost-effectiveness.
PMID: 23152238 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Whittaker R, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Borland R, Rodgers A, Gu Y Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Locomotor training for walking after spinal cord injury.
CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence from RCTs to conclude that any one locomotor training strategy improves walking function more than another for people with SCI. The effects especially of robotic-assisted locomotor training are not clear, therefore research in the form of large RCTs, particularly for robotic training, is needed. Specific questions about which type of locomotor training might be most effective in improving walking function for people with SCI need to be explored.
PMID: 23152239 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Mehrholz J, Kugler J, Pohl M Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Continuation and maintenance treatments for depression in older people.
CONCLUSIONS: The long-term benefits of continuing antidepressant medication in the prevention of recurrence of depression in older people are not clear and no firm treatment recommendations can be made on the basis of this review. Continuing antidepressant medication for 12 months appears to be helpful but this is based on only three small studies with relatively few participants using differing classes of antidepressants in clinically heterogeneous populations. Comparisons at other time points did not reach statistical significance. Data on psychological therapies and combined treatments are too limited to draw any conclu...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Wilkinson P, Izmeth Z Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Psychosocial interventions to improve quality of life and emotional wellbeing for recently diagnosed cancer patients.
CONCLUSIONS: The significant variation that was observed across participants, mode of delivery, discipline of 'trained helper' and intervention content makes it difficult to arrive at a firm conclusion regarding the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for cancer patients. It can be tentatively concluded that nurse-delivered interventions comprising information combined with supportive attention may have a beneficial impact on mood in an undifferentiated population of newly diagnosed cancer patients.
PMID: 23152241 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Galway K, Black A, Cantwell M, Cardwell CR, Mills M, Donnelly M Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Doxycycline for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip.
CONCLUSIONS: In this update, the strength of evidence for effectiveness outcomes was improved from low to moderate and we confirmed that the symptomatic benefit of doxycycline is minimal to non-existent, while the small benefit in terms of joint space narrowing is of questionable clinical relevance and outweighed by safety problems. The CIs of the summary estimates now exclude any clinically relevant difference in improvement of symptoms and the small benefit in terms of joint space narrowing does not outweigh the harms.
PMID: 23152242 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: da Costa BR, Nüesch E, Reichenbach S, Jüni P, Rutjes AW Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Surgery versus radical endotherapies for early cancer and high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus.
CONCLUSIONS: This Cochrane review has indicated that there are no RCTs to compare management options in this vital area, therefore trials should be undertaken as a matter of urgency. The problems with such randomised methods are standardising surgery and endotherapies in all sites, standardising histopathology in all centres, assessing which patients are fit or unfit for surgery and making sure there are relevant outcomes for the study (i.e. long-term survival (over five or more years)) and no progression of HGD.
PMID: 23152243 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Bennett C, Green S, Decaestecker J, Almond M, Barr H, Bhandari P, Ragunath K, Singh R, Jankowski J Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Surgical versus non-surgical management of abdominal injury.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of one study involving 51 participants, which was at moderate risk of bias, there is no evidence to support the use of surgery over observation for people with abdominal trauma.
PMID: 23152244 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Oyo-Ita A, Ugare UG, Ikpeme IA Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults.
CONCLUSIONS: Benefits of CBT emerged almost entirely from comparisons with treatment as usual/waiting list, not with active controls. CBT but not behaviour therapy has weak effects in improving pain, but only immediately post-treatment and when compared with treatment as usual/waiting list. CBT but not behaviour therapy has small effects on disability associated with chronic pain, with some maintenance at six months. CBT is effective in altering mood and catastrophising outcomes, when compared with treatment as usual/waiting list, with some evidence that this is maintained at six months. Behaviour therapy has no effects on...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Williams AC, Eccleston C, Morley S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS: Currently, there is little evidence to conclude which type of treatment approach is most effective in preventing relapse or recurrence of depressive episodes in children and adolescents. Limited trials found that antidepressant medication reduces the chance of relapse-recurrence in the future, however, there is considerable diversity in the design of trials, making it difficult to compare outcomes across studies. Some of the research involving psychological therapies is encouraging, however at present more trials with larger sample sizes need to be conducted in order to explore this treatment approach further....
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Cox GR, Fisher CA, De Silva S, Phelan M, Akinwale OP, Simmons MB, Hetrick SE Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Group versus conventional antenatal care for women.
CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests that group antenatal care is positively viewed by women with no adverse outcomes for themselves or their babies. This review is limited owing to the small number of studies/women and the majority of the analyses are based on a single study. More research is required to determine if group antenatal care is associated with significant benefits.
PMID: 23152247 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Homer CS, Ryan C, Leap N, Foureur M, Teate A, Catling-Paull CJ Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Gene therapy for sickle cell disease.
CONCLUSIONS: No randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials of gene therapy for sickle cell disease were reported. Thus, no objective conclusions or recommendations in practice can be made on gene therapy for sickle cell disease. This systematic review has identified the need for well-designed, randomised controlled trials to assess the benefits and risks of gene therapy for sickle cell disease.
PMID: 23152248 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Olowoyeye A, Okwundu CI Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Email for clinical communication between patients/caregivers and healthcare professionals.
CONCLUSIONS: The evidence base was found to be limited with variable results and missing data, and therefore it was not possible to adequately assess the effect of email for clinical communication between patients/caregivers and healthcare professionals. Recommendations for clinical practice could not be made. Future research should ideally address the issue of missing data and methodological concerns by adhering to published reporting standards. The rapidly changing nature of technology should be taken into account when designing and conducting future studies and barriers to trial development and implementation should als...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Atherton H, Sawmynaden P, Sheikh A, Majeed A, Car J Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Email for the provision of information on disease prevention and health promotion.
CONCLUSIONS: The evidence on the use of email for the provision of information on disease prevention and health promotion was weak, and therefore inadequate to inform clinical practice. The available trials mostly provide inconclusive, or no evidence for the outcomes of interest in this review. Future research needs to use high-quality study designs that take advantage of the most recent developments in information technology, with consideration of the complexity of email as an intervention.
PMID: 23152250 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Sawmynaden P, Atherton H, Majeed A, Car J Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Methadone for chronic non-cancer pain in adults.
CONCLUSIONS: The three studies provide very limited evidence of the efficacy of methadone for CNCP, and there were too few data for pooled analysis of efficacy or harm, or to have confidence in the results of the individual studies. No conclusions can be made regarding differences in efficacy or safety between methadone and placebo, other opioids, or other treatments.
PMID: 23152251 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Haroutiunian S, McNicol ED, Lipman AG Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Reduction versus abrupt cessation in smokers who want to quit.
CONCLUSIONS: Reducing cigarettes smoked before quit day and quitting abruptly, with no prior reduction, produced comparable quit rates, therefore patients can be given the choice to quit in either of these ways. Reduction interventions can be carried out using self-help materials or aided by behavioural support, and can be carried out with the aid of pre-quit NRT. Further research needs to investigate which method of reduction before quitting is the most effective, and which categories of smokers benefit the most from each method, to inform future policy and intervention development.
PMID: 23152252 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lindson-Hawley N, Aveyard P, Hughes JR Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Rituximab, ofatumumab and other monoclonal anti-CD20 antibodies for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed that patients receiving chemotherapy plus rituximab benefit in terms of OS as well as PFS compared to those with chemotherapy alone. Therefore, it supports the recommendation of rituximab in combination with FluC as an option for the first-line treatment as well as for the people with relapsed or refractory CLL. The available evidence regarding the other assessed comparisons was not sufficient to deduct final conclusions.
PMID: 23152253 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Bauer K, Rancea M, Roloff V, Elter T, Hallek M, Engert A, Skoetz N Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Blood pressure lowering efficacy of potassium-sparing diuretics (that block the epithelial sodium channel) for primary hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS: ENaC blockers do not have a statistically or clinically significant BP lowering effect at low doses but trials at higher doses are not available. The review did not provide a good estimate of the incidence of harms associated with ENaC blockers.
PMID: 23152254 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Heran BS, Chen JM, Wang JJ, Wright JM Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Psychological therapies versus antidepressant medication, alone and in combination for depression in children and adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS: There is very limited evidence upon which to base conclusions about the relative effectiveness of psychological interventions, antidepressant medication and a combination of these interventions. On the basis of the available evidence, the effectiveness of these interventions for treating depressive disorders in children and adolescents cannot be established. Further appropriately powered RCTs are required.
PMID: 23152255 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Cox GR, Callahan P, Churchill R, Hunot V, Merry SN, Parker AG, Hetrick SE Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease.
CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that a topical intervention (RGD peptide matrix) reduced ulcer size in treated participants compared to controls. This evidence of efficacy is limited by the generally high risk of bias associated with these reports.We planned to analyse results according to general groups: pharmaceutical interventions (systemic and topical); and non-pharmaceutical interventions (surgical and non-surgical). However, we were unable to pool findings due to the heterogeneity in outcome definitions, and inconsistency between the unit of randomisation and the unit of analysis. This heterogeneity, along with a pauc...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Martí-Carvajal AJ, Knight-Madden JM, Martinez-Zapata MJ Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Nebulised deoxyribonuclease for viral bronchiolitis in children younger than 24 months.
CONCLUSIONS: The results based on the three included studies in this review did not support the use of nebulised rhDNase in children under 24 months of age hospitalised with acute bronchiolitis. In these patients, treatment did not shorten the length of hospitalisation or improve clinical outcomes. It might have a role in severe bronchiolitis complicated by atelectasis, but further clinical studies would need to be performed.
PMID: 23152257 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Enriquez A, Chu IW, Mellis C, Lin WY Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Double-bundle versus single-bundle reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament rupture in adults.
CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to determine the relative effectiveness of double-bundle and single-bundle reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament rupture in adults, although there is limited evidence that double-bundle ACL reconstruction has some superior results in objective measurements of knee stability and protection against repeat ACL rupture or a new meniscal injury. High quality, large and appropriately reported randomised controlled trials of double-bundle versus single-bundle reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament rupture in adults appear justified.
PMID: 23152258 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Tiamklang T, Sumanont S, Foocharoen T, Laopaiboon M Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Omentoplasty for esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy.
CONCLUSIONS: Omentoplasty may provide an additional benefit to decrease the incidence of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy for esophageal cancer patients without increasing or decreasing other complications, especially for those patients treated with THE. Further randomized controlled trials are still needed to investigate the influences of omentoplasty in different operation procedures of esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy on the incidence of anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stricture, long-term survival rate and quality of life after esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy.
PMID: 231522...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Yuan Y, Zeng X, Hu Y, Xie T, Zhao Y Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use.
CONCLUSIONS: RV1 and RV5 prevent episodes of rotavirus diarrhoea. The vaccine efficacy is lower in high-mortality countries; however, due to the higher burden of disease, the absolute benefit is higher in these settings. No increased risk of serious adverse events including intussusception was detected, but post-introduction surveillance studies are required to detect rare events associated with vaccination.
PMID: 23152260 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Soares-Weiser K, Maclehose H, Bergman H, Ben-Aharon I, Nagpal S, Goldberg E, Pitan F, Cunliffe N Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Clomiphene citrate in combination with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian stimulation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.
CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence to indicate that clomiphene with gonadotropins (with or without GnRH antagonist) differed significantly from gonadotropins in GnRH agonist protocols for women undergoing IVF treatment, in terms of live births or pregnancy rates. Meanwhile, use of clomiphene led to a reduction in the incidence of OHSS. However, these results were based on data from a small number of underpowered randomised trials with few participants. Hence there was insufficient evidence to recommend use of clomiphene citrate in routine IVF practice. Larger trials with adequate power are required.
PMID: 23152261 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Gibreel A, Maheshwari A, Bhattacharya S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged 5 years and under.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the importance of encouraging fruit and vegetable consumption among children aged five years and under, this review identified few randomised controlled trials investigating interventions to achieve this.
PMID: 23152262 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Wolfenden L, Wyse RJ, Britton BI, Campbell KJ, Hodder RK, Stacey FG, McElduff P, James EL Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Interventions for drooling in children with cerebral palsy.
CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible to reach a conclusion on the effectiveness and safety of either BoNT-A or the pharmaceutical interventions, benztropine and glycopyrrolate. There is insufficient evidence to inform clinical practice on interventions for drooling in children with CP. Directions for future research are provided.
PMID: 23152263 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Walshe M, Smith M, Pennington L Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Febuxostat for treating chronic gout.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of gout flares requiring treatment may be increased in patients taking febuxostat compared to placebo or allopurinol during early treatment, no such increase in gout flares was observed in the long-term follow-up study when compared to allopurinol. Febuxostat at any dose was shown to be beneficial in achieving serum uric acid levels < 6.0 mg/dL and reducing serum uric acid levels in the period from baseline to final visit when compared to placebo and to allopurinol. However, the grade of evidence ranged from low to high, which indicates that further research is needed.
PMID: 23152...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Tayar JH, Lopez-Olivo MA, Suarez-Almazor ME Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Pre-operative Nutrition Support in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: There have been significant benefits demonstrated with pre-operative administration of IE nutrition in some high quality trials. However, bias was identified which may limit the generalizability of these results to all GI surgical candidates and the data needs to be placed in context with other recent innovations in surgical management (eg-ERAS). Some unwanted effects have also been reported with components of IE nutrition in critical care patients and it is unknown whether there would be detrimental effects by administering IE nutrition to patients who could require critical care support after their surgery. ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Burden S, Todd C, Hill J, Lal S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling.
CONCLUSIONS: This review supports the efficacy of CBT in reducing gambling behaviour and other symptoms of pathological and problem gambling immediately following therapy. However, the durability of therapeutic gain is unknown. There is preliminary evidence for some benefits from motivational interviewing therapy in terms of reduced gambling behaviour, although not necessarily other symptoms of pathological and problem gambling. However, the findings are based on few studies and additional research is needed to inform conclusions. There is also evidence suggestive of some possible benefit from integrative therapies, and ot...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Cowlishaw S, Merkouris S, Dowling N, Anderson C, Jackson A, Thomas S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Pharmacological interventions for treating heart failure in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy.
CONCLUSIONS: This Cochrane review has found a lack of evidence on the effects of carvedilol for treating heart failure in patients with Chagas disease. The two included trials were underpowered and had a high risk of bias. There are no conclusive data to support the use of carvedilol for treating Chagas cardiomyopathy. Unless randomized clinical trials provide evidence of a treatment effect, and the trade off between potential benefits and harms is established, policy-makers, clinicians, and academics should be cautious when recommending and administering carvedilol for treating heart failure in patients with Chagas diseas...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Hidalgo R, Martí-Carvajal AJ, Kwong JS, Simancas-Racines D, Nicola S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis.
CONCLUSIONS: The newest evidence from one RCT says there is no significant difference between antibiotics versus no antibiotics in the treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis. Previous RCTs have only suggested a non-inferiority between different antibiotic regimes and treatment lengths. This new evidence needs confirmation from more RCTs before it can be implicated safely in clinical guidelines. Ongoing RCTs will be published in the years to come and more are needed. The role of antibiotics in the treatment of complicated diverticulitis has not been investigated yet.
PMID: 23152268 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Shabanzadeh DM, Wille-Jørgensen P Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Routine neonatal circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infections in infancy.
CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to identify any randomised controlled trials on the use of routine neonatal circumcision for prevention of UTI in male infants. Until further evidence becomes available, clinicians should continue to base their decisions on position statements and recommendations and in conjunction with the opinions of the children's parents.
PMID: 23152269 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Jagannath VA, Fedorowicz Z, Sud V, Verma AK, Hajebrahimi S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users.
CONCLUSIONS: Very little evidence exists that there is no difference in the effectiveness between different types of interventions and that brief interventions are not superior to assessment only or treatment as usual. No conclusion can be made because of the paucity of the data and the low quality of the retrieved studies.
PMID: 23152270 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Klimas J, Field CA, Cullen W, O'Gorman CS, Glynn LG, Keenan E, Saunders J, Bury G, Dunne C Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Interventions for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection during pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS: A daily dose of nitrofurantoin and close surveillance has not been shown to prevent RUTI compared with close surveillance alone. A significant reduction of ASB was found in women with a high clinic attendance rate and who received nitrofurantoin and close surveillance. There was limited reporting of both primary and secondary outcomes for both women and infants. No conclusions can be drawn regarding the optimal intervention to prevent RUTI in women who are pregnant. Randomised controlled trials comparing different pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are necessary to investigate potentially ef...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Schneeberger C, Geerlings SE, Middleton P, Crowther CA Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for stroke recovery.
CONCLUSIONS: SSRIs appeared to improve dependence, disability, neurological impairment, anxiety and depression after stroke, but there was heterogeneity between trials and methodological limitations in a substantial proportion of the trials. Large, well-designed trials are now needed to determine whether SSRIs should be given routinely to patients with stroke.
PMID: 23152272 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Mead GE, Hsieh CF, Lee R, Kutlubaev MA, Claxton A, Hankey GJ, Hackett ML Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
