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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 30.

Mercury biomarkers and DNA methylation among Michigan Dental Professionals
Modification of the epigenome may be a mechanism underlying toxicity and disease following chemical exposure. Animal and human data suggest that mercury (Hg) impacts DNA methylation. We hypothesize that methylmercury and inorganic Hg exposures from fish consumption and dental amalgams, respectively, may be associated with altered DNA methylation at global repetitive elements (long interspersed elements, LINE‐1) and candidate genes related to epigenetic processes (DNMT1) and protection against Hg toxicity (SEPW1, SEPP1). Dental professionals were recruited at Michigan Dental Association (MDA) meetings in 2009 and 2010. Su...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - February 26, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jaclyn M. Goodrich, Niladri Basu, Alfred Franzblau, Dana C. Dolinoy Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Building on the past, shaping the future: The environmental mutagenesis and genomics society
In late 2012, the members of the Environmental Mutagen Society voted to change its name to the Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics Society. Here, we describe the thought process that led to adoption of the new name, which both respects the rich history of a Society founded in 1969 and reflects the many advances in our understanding of the nature and breadth of gene‐environment interactions during the intervening 43 years. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - February 26, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Thomas E. Wilson, David M. DeMarini, Stephen D. Dertinger, Bevin P. Engelward, Philip C. Hanawalt, James T. MacGregor, Stephanie L. Smith‐Roe, Kristine L. Witt, Carole L. Yauk, Mats Ljungman, Jeffrey L. Schwartz, Catherine B. Klein Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

Terrestrial gastropods (Helix spp) as sentinels of primary DNA damage for biomonitoring purposes: A validation study
We validated the alkaline comet assay in two species of land snail (Helix aspersa and Helix vermiculata) to test their suitability as sentinels for primary DNA damage in polluted environments. The study was conducted under the framework of a biomonitoring program for a power station in Central Italy that had recently been converted from oil to coal‐fired plant. After optimizing test conditions, the comet assay was used to measure the % Tail DNA induced by in vitro exposure of hemocytes to different concentrations of a reactive oxygen species (H2O2). The treatment induced significant increases in this parameter with a con...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - February 26, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Dario Angeletti, Claudia Sebbio, Claudio Carere, Roberta Cimmaruta, Giuseppe Nascetti, Gaetano Pepe, Pasquale Mosesso Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Genome mining for methanobactins
Methanotrophic bacteria have potential as a biological methane sink, and methanobactins are a set of peptides important in regulating this activity. A genome mining study highlights genes involved in methanobactin production, but also suggests that not all methanotrophs have them.
Source: BMC Biology - Latest articles - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Grace KenneyAmy Rosenzweig Source Type: research

The precision of the hominid timescale estimated by relaxed clock methods
Abstract The chronological scenario of the evolution of hominoid primates has been thoroughly investigated since the advent of the molecular clock hypothesis. With the availability of genomic sequences for all hominid genera and other anthropoids, we may have reached the point at which the information from sequence data alone will not provide further evidence for the inference of the hominid evolution timescale. To verify this conjecture, we have compiled a genomic data set for all of the anthropoid genera. Our estimate places the Homo/Pan divergence at approximately 7.4 Ma, the Gorilla lineage divergence at approximately...
Source: Journal of Evolutionary Biology - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: C. G. Schrago, C. M. Voloch Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Evidence for genetic differentiation in timing of maturation among nine‐spined stickleback populations
Abstract Timing of maturation is an important life‐history trait that is likely to be subjected to strong natural selection. Although population differences in timing of maturation have been frequently reported in studies of wild animal populations, little is known about the genetic basis of this differentiation. Here, we investigated population and sex differences in timing of maturation within and between two nine‐spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) populations in a laboratory breeding experiment. We found that fish from the high‐predation marine population matured earlier than fish from the low‐predation po...
Source: Journal of Evolutionary Biology - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: N. I. A. Ghani, G. Herczeg, T. Leinonen, J. Merilä Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Local adaptation of a Drosophila parasitoid: habitat‐specific differences in thermal reaction norms
Abstract Local climate is an important source of selection on thermal reaction norms that has been well investigated in cline studies, where populations sampled along altitudinal or latitudinal gradients are compared. Several biotic factors vary with climate, but are rarely integrated as alternative agents of selection to climatic factors. We tested the hypothesis that habitat may select for thermal reaction norms and magnitude of phenotypic plasticity in a drosophila parasitoid, independently of the climate of origin. We sampled populations of Leptopilina boulardi, a Drosophila parasitoid in two different habitats, orchar...
Source: Journal of Evolutionary Biology - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: J. Moiroux, E. Delava, F. Fleury, J. Baaren Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Parallel episodes of phyletic dwarfism in callitrichid and cheirogaleid primates
Abstract The Callitrichidae are the smallest anthropoids, whereas the Cheirogaleidae include the smallest of all primates. Using species‐level analyses, we show that these are derived conditions; both neonatal and adult body mass decreased in a gradual, phyletic manner in parallel across callitrichids, and across cheirogaleids. We identify lineages with particularly rapid decreases and highlight the pygmy marmoset, Callithrix pygmaea, as a phenotypic outlier. The life‐history traits associated with body‐mass reduction in each clade suggest that the convergent evolution of small body size was achieved by changes in di...
Source: Journal of Evolutionary Biology - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: S. H. Montgomery, N. I. Mundy Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Rivers, refuges and population divergence of fire‐eye antbirds (Pyriglena) in the Amazon Basin
Abstract The identification of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that might account for the elevated biotic diversity in tropical forests is a central theme in evolutionary biology. This issue is especially relevant in the Neotropical region, where biological diversity is the highest in the world, but where few studies have been conducted to test factors causing population differentiation and speciation. We used mtDNA sequence data to examine the genetic structure within white‐backed fire‐eye (Pyriglena leuconota) populations along the Tocantins River valley in the south‐eastern Amazon Basin, and we confront the...
Source: Journal of Evolutionary Biology - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: M. Maldonado‐Coelho, J. G. Blake, L. F. Silveira, H. Batalha‐Filho, R. E. Ricklefs Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Mechanistic Insights Revealed by the Crystal Structure of a Histidine Kinase with Signal Transducer and Sensor Domains
by Chen Wang, Jiayan Sang, Jiawei Wang, Mingyan Su, Jennifer S. Downey, Qinggan Wu, Shida Wang, Yongfei Cai, Xiaozheng Xu, Jun Wu, Dilani B. Senadheera, Dennis G. Cvitkovitch, Lin Chen, Steven D. Goodman, Aidong Han Two-component systems (TCSs) are important for the adaptation and survival of bacteria and fungi under stress conditions. A TCS is often composed of a membrane-bound sensor histidine kinase (SK) and a response regulator (RR), which are relayed through sequential phosphorylation steps. However, the mechanism for how an SK is switched on in response to environmental stimuli remains obscure. Here, we report t...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Chen Wang et al. Source Type: research

The Molecular Mechanism of Substrate Engagement and Immunosuppressant Inhibition of Calcineurin
by Simina Grigoriu, Rachel Bond, Pilar Cossio, Jennifer A. Chen, Nina Ly, Gerhard Hummer, Rebecca Page, Martha S. Cyert, Wolfgang Peti Ser/thr phosphatases dephosphorylate their targets with high specificity, yet the structural and sequence determinants of phosphosite recognition are poorly understood. Calcineurin (CN) is a conserved Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent ser/thr phosphatase and the target of immunosuppressants, FK506 and cyclosporin A (CSA). To investigate CN substrate recognition we used X-ray crystallography, biochemistry, modeling, and in vivo experiments to study A238L, a viral protein inhibitor of CN. We sho...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Simina Grigoriu et al. Source Type: research

Integrating Art and Science in Undergraduate Education
by Daniel Gurnon, Julian Voss-Andreae, Jacob Stanley
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Daniel Gurnon et al. Source Type: research

Hitchhiking to Speciation
by Daven C. Presgraves The modern evolutionary synthesis codified the idea that species exist as distinct entities because intrinsic reproductive barriers prevent them from merging together. Understanding the origin of species therefore requires understanding the evolution and genetics of reproductive barriers between species. In most cases, speciation is an accident that happens as different populations adapt to different environments and, incidentally, come to differ in ways that render them reproductively incompatible. As with other reproductive barriers, the evolution and genetics of interspecific hybrid sterility...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Daven C. Presgraves Source Type: research

Indirect Evolution of Hybrid Lethality Due to Linkage with Selected Locus in Mimulus guttatus
by Kevin M. Wright, Deborah Lloyd, David B. Lowry, Mark R. Macnair, John H. Willis Most species are superbly and intricately adapted to the environments in which they live. Adaptive evolution by natural selection is the primary force shaping biological diversity. Differences between closely related species in ecologically selected characters such as habitat preference, reproductive timing, courtship behavior, or pollinator attraction may prevent interbreeding in nature, causing reproductive isolation. But does ecological adaptation cause reproductive incompatibilities such as hybrid sterility or lethality? Although se...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Kevin M. Wright et al. Source Type: research

Natural History, a Master Class
by Andy Dobson
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Andy Dobson Source Type: research

A Safeguard Mechanism Regulates Rho GTPases to Coordinate Cytokinesis with the Establishment of Cell Polarity
by Franz Meitinger, Heidi Richter, Sabrina Heisel, Birgit Hub, Wolfgang Seufert, Gislene Pereira The spatiotemporal control of cell polarity is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms and for reliable polarity switches during cell cycle progression in unicellular systems. A tight control of cell polarity is especially important in haploid budding yeast, where the new polarity site (bud site) is established next to the cell division site after cell separation. How cells coordinate the temporal establishment of two adjacent polarity sites remains elusive. Here, we report that the bud neck associated prote...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Franz Meitinger et al. Source Type: research

Hedgehog Signaling Acts with the Temporal Cascade to Promote Neuroblast Cell Cycle Exit
by Phing Chian Chai, Zhong Liu, William Chia, Yu Cai In Drosophila postembryonic neuroblasts, transition in gene expression programs of a cascade of transcription factors (also known as the temporal series) acts together with the asymmetric division machinery to generate diverse neurons with distinct identities and regulate the end of neuroblast proliferation. However, the underlying mechanism of how this “temporal series” acts during development remains unclear. Here, we show that Hh signaling in the postembryonic brain is temporally regulated; excess (earlier onset of) Hh signaling causes premature neuroblast ce...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - February 26, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Phing Chian Chai et al. Source Type: research

The direct renin inhibitor aliskiren improves vascular remodeling in transgenic rats harboring human renin and angiotensinogen genes
In conclusion equieffective hypotensive doses of aliskiren or ramipril reduced M/L of mesenteric arteries and improved oxidative stress in dTGR. However, only aliskiren increased further NO production in the vasculature. Hence, in dTGR direct renin inhibition induces favorable effects similar to that induced by ACE inhibition in improving vascular remodeling through different mechanisms.
Source: Clinical Science - February 26, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: C Savoia, E Arrabito, R Parente, L Sada, L Madaro, C Nicoletti, L Zezza, A Alonzo, S Rubattu, S Michelini, D N Muller, M Volpe Source Type: research

Molecular docking between the RNA polymerase of the Moniliophthora perniciosa mitochondrial plasmid and Rifampicin produces a highly stable complex
Conclusions: The results indicate that Rifampicin could be a good inhibitor for testing in vitro and in vivo against M. perniciosa.
Source: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling - February 26, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Bruno AndradeCatiane SouzaAristóteles Góes-Neto Source Type: research

Pyrvinium pamoate does not activate protein kinase CK1, but promotes Akt/PKB down-regulation and GSK3 activation
It has been reported that Pyrvinium Pamoate (PyrPam), an FDA approved anthelminthic drug is a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling by a mechanism which implies the direct activation of protein kinase CK1α. Here we present data ruling out any direct stimulatory effect of PyrPam on CK1, by showing that neither the catalytic activity of CK1α nor those of its isoforms δ and γ1 are significantly affected by PyrPam when tested with the aid of specific peptide and protein substrates. Accordingly, cell treatment with PyrPam has no significant effect on the phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser-45. By con...
Source: BJ Signal - February 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: A Venerando, C Girardi, M Ruzzene, L A Pinna Tags: BJ Signal Source Type: research

The synthesis and application of Fmoc‐Lys(5‐Fam) building blocks
Abstract Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptide substrates are often utilized for protease activity assays. The present study has examined the preparation of FRET triple‐helical peptide substrates using 5‐carboxyfluorescein (5‐Fam) as the fluorophore and 4,4‐dimethylamino‐azobenzene‐4'‐carboxylic acid (Dabcyl) as the quencher. The Nα‐(9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)‐Nε‐(5‐carboxyfluorescein)‐L‐lysine [Fmoc‐Lys(5‐Fam)] building block was synthesized utilizing two distinct synthetic routes. The first involved copper complexation of Lys while the second utilized Fmoc‐Lys with mic...
Source: Biopolymers - February 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Michal Tokmina‐Roszyk, Dorota Tokmina‐Roszyk, Gregg B. Fields Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Single file streaming metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells beginning within hours of orthotopic implantion visualized with GFP
In this study, we visualized the origin of lung carcinoma metastasis after transducing tumor cells with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and transplanting them orthotopically in the middle lobe of the right lung of nude mice. Metastasis was visualized in live tissue at single cell resolution by GFP‐expression as early as 18 hours post‐tumor transplant. At this time, cells already had invaded inferiorly via a tubular lymphatic structure crossing the lower lobes of the lung to the ipsilateral diaphragmatic surface. By post‐implantation day‐2, the ipsilateral lower lobes of the lung were involved with metastatic cells....
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Babak Rashidi, A.R. Moossa, Robert M. Hoffman Tags: Prospects Source Type: research

The role of hair follicle nestin‐expressing stem cells during whisker sensory‐nerve growth in long‐term 3D culture
Abstract We have previously reported that nestin‐expressing hair follicle stem cells can differentiate into neurons, Schwann cells, and other cell types. In the present study, vibrissa hair follicles, including their sensory nerve stump, were excised from transgenic mice in which the nestin promoter drives green fluorescent protein (ND‐GFP), and were placed in 3D culture supported by Gelfoam®. β‐III tubulin‐positive fibers, consisting of ND‐GFP‐expressing cells extended up to 500 µm from the whisker nerve stump in histoculture. The gorwing fibers had growth cones on their tips expressing F‐actin. These fin...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sumiyuki Mii, Jennifer Duong, Yasunori Tome, Aisada Uchugonova, Fang Liu, Yasuyuki Amoh, Norimitsu Saito, Kensei Katsuoka, Robert M. Hoffman Tags: Article Source Type: research

Structure and function of mycobacterium glycopeptidolipids from comparative genomics perspective
Abstract Glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) attached to the outer surface of the greasy cell envelope, are a class of important glycolipids synthesized by several non‐tuberculosis mycobacteria. The deletion or structure change of GPLs confers several phenotypical changes including colony morphology, hydrophobicity, aggregation, sliding motility and biofilm formation. In addition, GPLs, particular serovar specific GPLs, are important immunomodulators. This review aims to summarize the advance on the structure, function and biosynthesis of mycobacterium GPLs. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lei Pang, Xuelian Tian, Weihua Pan, Jianping Xie Tags: Prospects Source Type: research

The suppressive role of p38 MAPK in cellular vacuole formation
In this study, we investigated the role of the p38 and JNK pathways in the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles. We found that p38 and JNK agonist anisomycin abolishes spontaneous cytoplasmic vacuolization of HepG2 cells through p38 activation, but not through JNK activation. Importantly, blocking the activity of p38 or suppression the expression of p38 elicits cytoplasmic vacuoles formation in various cancer cells. Furthermore, cytoplasmic vacuoles induced by p38 blocking are derived from the perinuclear region. These observations provide direct evidence for a role of p38 signaling in regulating the formation of cytoplasmic ...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Run Chen, Chun‐yan Duan, Shao‐kun Chen, Chun‐yan Zhang, Tao He, Hong Li, You‐ping Liu, Rong‐yang Dai Tags: Article Source Type: research

Src kinases mediate VEGFR2 transactivation by the osteostatin domain of PTHrP to modulate osteoblastic function
Abstract Parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) stimulates osteoblastic function through its N‐ and C‐terminal domains. Since the osteogenic action of the latter domain appears to depend at least in part on its interaction with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system, we aimed to explore the putative mechanism underlying this interaction in osteoblasts. Using native conditions for protein extraction and immunoblotting, we found that both PTHrP (107‐139) and the shorter PTHrP (107‐111) peptide (known as osteostatin), at 100 nM, promoted the appearance of a VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 2 protein band of ...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Adela García‐Martín, Alicia Acitores, Marta Maycas, María L Villanueva‐Peñacarrillo, Pedro Esbrit Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cellular control of connective tissue matrix tension
This article reviews the evidence supporting possible mechanisms underlying this response including autocrine purinergic signaling. We also discuss fibroblast regulation of connective tissue tension with respect to lymphatic flow, immune function and cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Helene M. Langevin, Maiken Nedergaard, Alan Howe Tags: Prospects Source Type: research

Functional studies of MP62 during male chromatin decondensation in sea urchins
In this report we present the molecular characterization of a nucleoplasmin‐like protein that is present in non fertilized eggs and early zygotes in sea urchin specie Tetrapygus niger. This protein, named MP62 can interact with sperm histones in vitro. By male chromatin decondensation assays and immunodepletion experiments in vitro, we have demonstrated that this protein is responsible for sperm nucleosome disorganization. Furthermore, as amphibian nucleoplasmin MP62 is phosphorylated in vivo immediately post fertilization and this phosphorylation is dependent on CDK‐cyclin activities found after fertilization. As we s...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Claudio Iribarren, Viviana Hermosilla, Violeta Morin, Marcia Puchi Tags: Article Source Type: research

Rapamycin inhibits BMP‐7‐induced osteogenic and lipogenic marker expressions in fetal rat calvarial cells
Abstract Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) promote osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vitro and in vivo. BMPs canonically signal through Smad transcription factors, but BMPs may activate signaling pathways traditionally stimulated by growth factor tyrosine kinase receptors. Of these, the mTOR pathway has received considerable attention because BMPs activate P70S6K, a downstream effector of mTOR, suggesting that BMP‐induced osteogenesis is mediated by mTOR activation. However, contradictory effects of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAPA) on bone formation have been reported. Since bone formation is thought t...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee‐Chuan C. Yeh, Xiuye Ma, Jeffery J. Ford, Martin L. Adamo, John C. Lee Tags: Article Source Type: research

Foreign body giant cells and osteoclasts are TRAP positive, have podosome‐belts and both require OC‐STAMP for cell fusion
This study sought to determine if OC‐STAMP also regulates formation of FBGCs using expression analysis and subsequent inhibition studies. qPCR and Western blot analysis showed that OC‐STAMP expression is significantly higher in FBGCs compared to control monocytes (P < 0.05). Four days following cell culture, OCs were positive for TRAP and F‐actin ring formation, but FBGCs were not. In contrast, FBGCs were positive for TRAP and showed podosome belts comprised of F‐actin on day eight. FBGCs were subsequently plated onto dentine, but despite presenting some morphologic features of OCs (OC‐STAMP expression, TRAP r...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Usman A. Khan, Saeed M. Hashimi, Mahmoud S. Bakr, Mark R. Forwood, Nigel A. Morrison Tags: Article Source Type: research

Dynamics of focal adhesions and reorganization of F‐actin in VEGF‐stimulated NSCs under varying differentiation states
In this study, we demonstrate the different dynamics of focal adhesions (FAs) and reorganization of F‐actin in NSCs during spreading and migration stimulated by VEGF. We found that the migrating NSCs of 0.5 d and 1 d differentiation possess more FAs at leading edge than cells of other states. Moreover, the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin in NSCs correlates closely with their differentiation states. VEGF promotes FA formation with broad lamellipodium generation at the leading edge in chemotaxing cells of 0 d, 0.5 d and 1 d differentiation, but not in cells of 3 d differentiation. Furthermore, c...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jingya Lyu, Ya'nan Hu, Xiaojing Xu, Huanxiang Zhang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Basic CuCO3/ligand as a new catalyst for 'on water' borylation of Michael acceptors, alkenes and alkynes: application to the efficient asymmetric synthesis of β‐alcohol type sitagliptin side chain
The efficient 'on water' β‐borylation using bis(pinacolato)diboron agent was achieved with a newly developed catalytic system based on basic copper carbonate and various ligands. The catalytic system was used for β‐borylation of various Michael acceptors, alkenes and alkynes. The presented methodology was successfully applied to the novel synthesis of β‐alcohol type sitagliptin side chain precursor via water‐based highly enantioselective β‐borylation followed by an oxidation process. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. “On water” β‐borylation: Simple and efficient catalytic system based on ba...
Source: Applied Organometallic Chemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Gaj Stavber, Zdenko Časar Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Palladium‐catalyzed unstrained C(sp3)―N bond activation: the synthesis of N,N‐dimethylacetamide by carbonylation of trimethylamine
This work describes a highly efficient unstrained C(sp3)―N bond activation approach for synthesis of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) via catalytic carbonylation of trimethylamine using a PdCl2/bipy (bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine)/Me4NI catalyst system. A low Pd catalyst dosage (1.0 mol%) is sufficient for high selectivity (98.1%) and yield (90.8%), with a turnover number (TON) of 90.0 mmol of DMAc obtained per mmol of PdCl2 employed under mild reaction conditions. The influence of reaction parameters such as catalyst precursor dosage, ligand type and promoter on activity is investigated. This work also discusses in detail th...
Source: Applied Organometallic Chemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Hui Mei, Wenjia Han, Jianglin Hu, Se Xiao, Yizhu Lei, Rui Zhang, Wanlin Mo, Guangxing Li Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Titanocene dichloride/KI: an efficient catalytic system for synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2
Titanocene dichloride (Cp2TiCl2)/KI was developed to be an efficient catalytic system for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides to synthesize relevant cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. Various influencing factors on the coupling reaction, such as co‐catalyst, temperature, CO2 pressure and reaction time, were investigated. The optimal reaction conditions were KI as co‐catalyst, 150 °C reaction temperature, 12 atm CO2 pressure and 4 h reaction time using THF as solvent for the synthesis of propylene carbonate in 98% yield. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Cyclic carbonates were synthesized from ...
Source: Applied Organometallic Chemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Dongsheng Bai, Guanghui Nian, Guangjian Wang, Zhongzhen Wang Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Nano n‐propylsulfonated γ‐Al2O3: a new, efficient and reusable catalyst for synthesis of spiro[indoline‐3,4‐pyrazolo[3,4‐e][1,4]thiazepine]diones in aqueous media
Nano n‐propylsulfonated γ‐Al2O3 is easily prepared by the reaction of nano γ‐Al2O3 with 1,3‐propanesultone. This reagent can be used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of spiro [indoline‐3,4‐pyrazolo[3,4‐e][1,4]thiazepine]diones in aqueous media. This new method consistently has the advantages of excellent yields and short reaction times. Further, the catalyst can be reused and recovered several times. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Nano n‐propylsulfonated γ‐Al2O3 is easily prepared by the reaction of nano γ‐Al2O3 with 1,3‐propanesultone. This reagent can be used as an effic...
Source: Applied Organometallic Chemistry - February 26, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Li Qiang Wu Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Seasonal changes of buffalo colostrum: physicochemical parameters, fatty acids and cholesterol variation
Conclusions: Physicochemical compounds of buffalo colostrum were influenced by season and postpartum day of milking. Excepting lactose all other parameters gradually decreased during colostral period. Fatty acids and cholesterol showed the same evolution, presenting higher values for the summer season. Specific feeding in the summer season (on pasture) did lead in more concentrated colostrum in dry substance, fatty acids and cholesterol.
Source: Chemistry Central Journal - February 26, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Aurelia CoroianSilvio ErlerCristian MateaVioara Mire¿anCamelia R¿ducuConstantin BeleCristian Coroian Source Type: research

Epigenetics [Core Concepts]
pnas;110/9/3209/UNFIG01F1unfig01This image shows a DNA molecule that is methylated on both strands on the center cytosine. DNA methylation plays an important role for epigenetic gene regulation in development and cancer. Image courtesy Christoph Bock, Max Planck Institute for Informatics.Despite the fact that every cell in a human body contains the...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Williams, S. C. P. Tags: Core Concepts Source Type: research

Filming chimpanzee gestures [Inner Workings]
pnas;110/9/3208/UNFIG01F1unfig01Individuals from the Sonso community of chimpanzees groom each other, as a researcher films them to capture the gestures they use to communicate. Image courtesy of Liran Samuni.The Sonso community of chimpanzees has its own reality television show. However, the show isn’t on any cable network; it’s for the benefit...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Ravindran, S. Tags: Inner Workings Source Type: research

Weaving weather [Science and Culture]
pnas;110/9/3205/UNFIG01F1unfig01Image courtesy of Nathalie Miebach. Miebach N (2008) Temporal Warmth: Tango Between Air, Land and Sea. Reed, wood, data, 36 × 38 × 32 in.Boston-based artist Nathalie Miebach expresses multivariable data through 3D sculptures based in basketry. She bases her work both on data she collects and that collected by...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Hanna, R. Tags: Science and Culture Source Type: research

Foraging flights [News Feature]
Discovering the feeding patterns of the albatross could lead to a broader understanding of optimization strategies in human behavior and business.pnas;110/9/3202/UNFIG01F1unfig01Black-browed albatross (Diomedea melanophris) flying near Saunders Island, Falkland Islands. ©iStockphoto.com/GentooMultimediaLimited.pnas;110/9/3202/UNFIG02F2unfig02GPS foraging track of a black-browed albatross (BBA46) off the Kerguelen Islands, Southern Indian Ocean, viewed across large (100 s...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Ornes, S. Tags: News Features Source Type: research

Mortgaging the future of chinese paleontology [Opinion]
pnas;110/9/3201/UNFIG01F1unfig01Much of the posterior part of the skull and zygomatic arches is either faked or simply crude plaster in this “new cheetah.” The color of the matrix also suggests that the specimen may have been collected from localities that are several million years older than estimated in the original publication...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Wang, X. Tags: Opinions Source Type: research

Correction for Bhargava et al., Local injection of dsRNA targeting calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) ameliorates Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced ileitis [Correction]
PHARMACOLOGY Correction for “Local injection of dsRNA targeting calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) ameliorates Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced ileitis,” by Aditi Bhargava, Matthew S. Clifton, Pallavi Mhsake, Min Liao, Charalabos Pothoulakis, Susan E. Leeman, and Eileen F. Grady, which appeared in issue 2, January 8, 2013, of Proc Natl Acad Sci...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Tags: Corrections Source Type: research

Correction for Meesat et al., Cancer radiotherapy based on femtosecond IR laser-beam filamentation yielding ultra-high dose rates and zero entrance dose [Correction]
APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES, BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Correction for “Cancer radiotherapy based on femtosecond IR laser-beam filamentation yielding ultra-high dose rates and zero entrance dose,” by Ridthee Meesat, Hakim Belmouaddine, Jean-François Allard, Catherine Tanguay-Renaud, Rosalie Lemay, Tiberius Brastaviceanu, Luc Tremblay, Benoit Paquette, J. Richard Wagner, Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin, Martin Lepage, Michael...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Tags: Corrections Source Type: research

Correction for Yao et al., pHLIP peptide targets nanogold particles to tumors [Correction]
APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Correction for “pHLIP peptide targets nanogold particles to tumors,” by Lan Yao, Jennifer Danniels, Anna Moshnikova, Sergey Kuznetsov, Aftab Ahmed, Donald M. Engelman, Yana K. Reshetnyak, and Oleg A. Andreev, which appeared in issue 2, January 8, 2013, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (110:465–470; first published...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Tags: Corrections Source Type: research

Correction for Arganda et al., A common rule for decision making in animal collectives across species [Correction]
ECOLOGY Correction for “A common rule for decision making in animal collectives across species,” by Sara Arganda, Alfonso Pérez-Escudero, and Gonzalo G. de Polavieja, which appeared in issue 50, December 11, 2012, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (109:20508–20513; first published November 28, 2012; 10.1073/pnas.1210664109).The authors note that on page...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Tags: Corrections Source Type: research

Systematic measurement of TF-DNA interactions [Systems Biology]
Regulation of gene expression involves the orchestrated interaction of a large number of proteins with transcriptional regulatory elements in the context of chromatin. Our understanding of gene regulation is limited by the lack of a protein measurement technology that can systematically detect and quantify the ensemble of proteins associated with...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Mirzaei, H., Knijnenburg, T. A., Kim, B., Robinson, M., Picotti, P., Carter, G. W., Li, S., Dilworth, D. J., Eng, J. K., Aitchison, J. D., Shmulevich, I., Galitski, T., Aebersold, R., Ranish, J. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Trade-offs in managing a natural resource [Sustainability Science]
Evaluating the success of natural resource management approaches requires methods to measure performance against biological, economic, social, and governance objectives. In fisheries, most research has focused on industrial sectors, with the contributions to global resource use by small-scale and indigenous hunters and fishers undervalued. Globally, the small-scale fisheries sector alone...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Plaganyi, E. E., van Putten, I., Hutton, T., Deng, R. A., Dennis, D., Pascoe, S., Skewes, T., Campbell, R. A. Tags: Sustainability Science Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Probabilistic ice sheet projections [Sustainability Science]
Previous sea level rise (SLR) assessments have excluded the potential for dynamic ice loss over much of Greenland and Antarctica, and recently proposed “upper bounds” on Antarctica’s 21st-century SLR contribution are derived principally from regions where present-day mass loss is concentrated (basin 15, or B15, drained largely by Pine Island,...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Little, C. M., Urban, N. M., Oppenheimer, M. Tags: Sustainability Science Physical Sciences Source Type: research

MSR capacity and seed longevity [Plant Biology]
Seeds are in a natural oxidative context leading to protein oxidation. Although inevitable for proper progression from maturation to germination, protein oxidation at high levels is detrimental and associated with seed aging. Oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide is a common form of damage observed during aging in all organisms....
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Chatelain, E., Satour, P., Laugier, E., Ly Vu, B., Payet, N., Rey, P., Montrichard, F. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

GA-auxin cross-talk during gravitropism [Plant Biology]
Gravitropic bending of plant organs is mediated by an asymmetric signaling of the plant hormone auxin between the upper and lower side of the respective organ. Here, we show that also another plant hormone, gibberellic acid (GA), shows asymmetric action during gravitropic responses. Immunodetection using an antibody against GA and...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 26, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Lofke, C., Zwiewka, M., Heilmann, I., Van Montagu, M. C. E., Teichmann, T., Friml, J. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research