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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.

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2010 Acta Materialia, Inc. Gold Medal AwardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Acta Materialia)
Source: Acta Materialia - November 19, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Editors for Acta MaterialiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Acta Materialia)
Source: Acta Materialia - November 19, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Detection of polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid in human malignant prostate tissue by 1D and 2D high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion It is possible to detect PUFAs in prostate tissues using our NMR-based spectroscopic approach. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s10334-009-0187-xAuthors Katarina Stenman, Umeå University and University Hospital of Northern Sweden Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology Umeå 901 87 SwedenJón B. Hauksson, Umeå University and University Hospital of Northern Sweden Radiation Physics Umeå SwedenGerhard Gröbner, Umeå University Department of Chemistry Umeå SwedenPär Stattin, Umeå University and University Hospital of Northern Sweden Depart...
Source: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - November 17, 2009 Category: Materials Science Tags: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine Source Type: journals

Efficient siRNA delivery to mammalian cells using layered double hydroxide nanoparticles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although siRNAs have surpassed expectations in experiments to alter gene expression in vitro, the lack of an efficient in vivo delivery system still remains a challenge in siRNA therapeutics development and has been recognized as a major hurdle for clinical applications. In this paper we describe an inorganic nanoparticle-based delivery system that is readily adaptable for in vivo systems. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles, a family of inorganic crystals, tightly bind, protect, and release siRNA molecules and deliver them efficiently to mammalian cells in vitro. The uptake of siRNA-loaded LDH nanoparticles o...
Source: Biomaterials - November 16, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Ladewig K, Niebert M, Xu ZP, Gray PP, Lu GQ Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: journals

2010 Acta Materialia, Inc. Gold Medal AwardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - November 13, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Editors for Scripta MaterialiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - November 13, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Editors for Acta MaterialiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Acta Materialia)
Source: Acta Materialia - November 13, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Engineering fibrin matrices: The engagement of polymerization pockets through fibrin knob technology for the delivery and retention of therapeutic proteins.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Engineering extracellular matrices that utilize the body's natural healing capacity enable the progression of regenerative therapies. Fibrin, widely used as a surgical sealant, is one such matrix that may be augmented by the addition of protein factors to promote cell infiltration and differentiation. The thrombin-catalyzed conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin exposes N-terminal fibrin knobs that bind to C-terminal pockets to form the fibrin network. Here, we have created a platform system for the production of therapeutic proteins that capitalize on these native knob:pocket interactions for protein delivery within fibri...
Source: Biomaterials - November 13, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Soon AS, Stabenfeldt SE, Brown WE, Barker TH Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: journals

The effect of VEGF on the myogenic differentiation of adipose tissue derived stem cells within thermosensitive hydrogel matrices.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the combination of human adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSC) and in vivo gel-forming methoxy poly (ethyleneglycol)-poly (varepsilon-caprolactone) (MPEG-PCL) as a muscle regeneration matrix, with and without inclusion of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF). VEGF(165)-treated stem cell grafts showed significant proliferation and differentiation into muscle tissue in vivo. Importantly, the inclusion of VEGF enhanced vascularization. This scaffold supported preconditioned ADSC, and allowed them to differentiate into mature muscle tissues in vivo, indicating that ADSC of human origin and MPEG...
Source: Biomaterials - November 13, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Kim MH, Hong HN, Hong JP, Park CJ, Kwon SW, Kim SH, Kang G, Kim M Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: journals

The induction of tumor apoptosis in B16 melanoma following STAT3 siRNA delivery with a lipid-substituted polyethylenimine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the potential of nanoparticles based on polyethylenimine (PEI) modified with stearic acid (StA), to deliver siRNA for efficient STAT3 downregulation in B16 melanoma cells. The B16 cells were targeted with approximately 6-200nm of siRNA complexes for 36h. Compared to the PEI complexes, the PEI-StA complexes showed higher potency in STAT3 silencing in B16 cells accompanied by a significant induction of IL-6 secretion and a reduction of VEGF production. Moreover, with PEI-StA complexes, the level of the cellular Caspase 3 activity (an indicator of apoptotic activity) was found to be 2.5 times hi...
Source: Biomaterials - November 12, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Alshamsan A, Hamdy S, Samuel J, El-Kadi AO, Lavasanifar A, Uludağ H Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: journals

The effect of timing in the administration of hepatocyte growth factor to modulate BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study analyzed osteogenic properties of HGF, particularly during BMP-2-induced bone formation. Using a mouse model of ectopic bone formation, HGF-impregnated gelatin sponges displayed significantly reduced bone formation induced by BMP-2, both radiologically and histologically. Abrogation of endogenous HGF production by knockdown of HGF mRNA resulted in upregulation of BMP-2-induced ALP activity for C2C12 myoblasts in vitro. In contrast, addition of exogenous HGF inhibited BMP-2-induced ALP activity and osteocalcin production by mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) through HGF-c-Met interactions. Inhibition of ALP activ...
Source: Biomaterials - November 11, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Kawasaki T, Niki Y, Miyamoto T, Horiuchi K, Matsumoto M, Aizawa M, Toyama Y Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: journals

A nitric oxide releasing, self assembled peptide amphiphile matrix that mimics native endothelium for coating implantable cardiovascular devices.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the United States. Deployment of stents and vascular grafts has been a major therapeutic method for treatment. However, restenosis, incomplete endothelialization, and thrombosis hamper the long term clinical success. As a solution to meet these current challenges, we have developed a native endothelial ECM mimicking self-assembled nanofibrous matrix to serve as a new treatment model. The nanofibrous matrix is formed by self-assembly of peptide amphiphiles (PAs), which contain nitric oxide (NO) donating residues, endothelial cell adhesive ligands composed of YIG...
Source: Biomaterials - November 11, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Kushwaha M, Anderson JM, Bosworth CA, Andukuri A, Minor WP, Lancaster JR, Anderson PG, Brott BC, Jun HW Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: journals

Immunological response to tissue-engineered cartilage derived from auricular chondrocytes and a PLLA scaffold in transgenic mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The immune response against biomaterials in tissue-engineered constructs could potentially worsen the outcome of tissue regeneration, but immunological reactions between host and donor in tissue-engineered constructs remain to be clarified. In the present study, we syngenically transplanted tissue-engineered cartilage constructs consisting of C57BL/6 mice auricular chondrocytes and poly-l-lactic acid scaffolds (MW:200,000) into EGFP transgenic mice of C57BL/6 background, and evaluated the response by the localization of donor-derived and host-derived cells, the latter of which were distinguished by the presence of EGFP...
Source: Biomaterials - November 11, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Fujihara Y, Takato T, Hoshi K Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: journals

Dinuclear metal(II) complexes of polybenzimidazole ligands as carriers for DNA delivery.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A metal-based nonviral carrier for DNA-transfer in gene therapy was synthesized and characterized. The strong intermolecular pi-pi contacts are common in the observed dinuclear Cu(2+) and Co(2+) complexes of polybenzimidazole ligands. The affinity assays indicated that the strong binding of the complexes to DNA is driven by both electrostatic attractions between the complexes and DNA and the intercalation of the ligands between DNA base pairs. The typical in vitro studies showed that micromolar doses of each complex tested can efficiently and rapidly condense free DNA, either in linear or circular state, from solutions...
Source: Biomaterials - November 9, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Liu L, Zhang H, Meng X, Yin J, Li D, Liu C Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: journals

Self-initiated surface grafting with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) on poly(ether-ether-ketone).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK)s are a group of polymeric biomaterials with excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability. In the present study, we demonstrate the fabrication of an antibiofouling and highly hydrophilic high-density nanometer-scaled layer on the surface of PEEK by photo-induced graft polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) without using any photo-initiators, i.e., "self-initiated surface graft polymerization." Our results indicated that the diphenylketone moiety in the polymer backbone acted as a photo-initiator similar to benzophenone. The density and thickness of the...
Source: Biomaterials - November 9, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Kyomoto M, Moro T, Takatori Y, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Ishihara K Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: journals

The role of protein assembly in dynamically tunable bio-optical tissues.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cephalopods are nicknamed the "masters of disguise" for their highly evolved camouflage mechanisms, including the hallmark ability to rapidly change the color and reflectance of their skin. Previously, reflectin proteins were identified as the major biomaterial component of iridosomes [1], specialized light-reflecting architectures that contribute intense structural color to squid skin, eyes, and organs [2-5]. Supramolecular assembly of reflectin has been recognized as a key property in the protein's function [6]. Here, we report the first cloning and expression of a specific reflectin protein found in the responsive i...
Source: Biomaterials - November 9, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Tao AR, Demartini DG, Izumi M, Sweeney AM, Holt AL, Morse DE Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: journals

Effects of VEGF temporal and spatial presentation on angiogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Therapeutic angiogenesis relies on the delivery of angiogenic factors capable of reversing tissue ischemia. Polymeric materials that can provide spatial and temporal over vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) presentation provide clear benefit, but the influence of VEGF dose, temporal, and spatial presentation on the resultant angiogenic process are largely unknown. The influence of the temporal profile of VEGF concentration, dose, and the impact of VEGF spatial distribution on angiogenesis in in vitro models of angiogenesis and ischemic murine limbs was analyzed in this study. Importantly, a profile consisting of ...
Source: Biomaterials - November 9, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Silva EA, Mooney DJ Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: journals

Study of the adhesion improvement in hippocampal cells on collagen/chitosan- modified silicon surfacesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Author(s): Yi Zhao, Xiaoying Lu, Zhigong Wang, Yan Huang, Zhenglin Jiang and Xia LiAffiliation(s): State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China; Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Neural Regeneration of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China; Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed (Source: Biomedical Materials)
Source: Biomedical Materials - November 9, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

A biomimetic hydrogel based on methacrylated dextran-graft-lysine and gelatin for 3D smooth muscle cell culture.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study reports synthesis of a methacrylate and lysine functionalized dextran and development of hydrogel composite systems based on this material and methacrylamide modified gelatin. The mechanical stiffness and degree of swelling of the hydrogels were varied by manipulation of the degree of functionalization of dextran and gelatin and concentration/composition of precursor solution. Human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were encapsulated inside hydrogels during gel hardening with photopolymerization. Rapid cell spreading, extensive cellular network formation and high SMC proliferation occurred within softe...
Source: Biomaterials - November 6, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Liu Y, Chan-Park MB Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: journals

Different types of article in JMBBM.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19878896 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials)
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Taylor D Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Effect of fluorapatite additive on densification and mechanical properties of tricalcium phosphate.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tricalcium phosphate and synthesized fluorapatite powder were mixed in order to elaborate biphasic composites. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and by an analysis using (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance. The sintering of tricalcium phosphate with different percentages of fluorapatite (13.26 wt%; 19.9 wt%; 33.16 wt% and 40 wt%) indicates the evolution of the microstructure, densification and mechanical properties. The Brazilian test was used to measure the rupture strength of the sintered biphasic composites. The mechan...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Bouslama N, Ben Ayed F, Bouaziz J Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

An entropy spring model for the Young's modulus change of biodegradable polymers during biodegradation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper presents a model for the change in Young's modulus of biodegradable polymers due to hydrolysis cleavage of the polymer chains. The model is based on the entropy spring theory for amorphous polymers. It is assumed that isolated polymer chain cleavage and very short polymer chains do not affect the entropy change in a linear biodegradable polymer during its deformation. It is then possible to relate the Young's modulus to the average molecular weight in a computer simulated hydrolysis process of polymer chain sessions. The experimental data obtained by Tsuji [Tsuji, H., 2002. Autocatalytic hydrolysis of amorph...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Wang Y, Han X, Pan J, Sinka C Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Minimizing specimen length in elastic testing of end-constrained cancellous bone.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
End-constraint is needed when performing tensile and compressive testing of cancellous bone so that frictional and structural end-effects are minimized and the mechanical properties are not underestimated. Since many end-constrained testing techniques are limited to certain sites and species by the large specimen sizes required, reductions in overall specimen length would be advantageous. The following study examines the effect of specimen gauge length and aspect ratio on the elastic tensile testing of cancellous bone from the bovine femoral condyle. Three different nominal gauge lengths (10, 16, 22 mm) were examined a...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Lievers WB, Waldman SD, Pilkey AK Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Mechanical evaluation by patient-specific finite element analyses demonstrates therapeutic effects for osteoporotic vertebrae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Osteoporosis can lead to bone compressive fractures in the lower lumbar vertebrae. In order to assess the recovery of vertebral strength during drug treatment for osteoporosis, it is necessary not only to measure the bone mass but also to perform patient-specific mechanical analyses, since the strength of osteoporotic vertebrae is strongly dependent on patient-specific factors, such as bone shape and bone density distribution in cancellous bone, which are related to stress distribution in the vertebrae. In the present study, patient-specific general (not voxel) finite element analyses of osteoporotic vertebrae during d...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Tawara D, Sakamoto J, Murakami H, Kawahara N, Oda J, Tomita K Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Development of biomedical porous titanium filled with medical polymer by in-situ polymerization of monomer solution infiltrated into pores.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, for the fabrication of the abovementioned composite, a versatile process for filling a medical polymer into a porous metallic material has been developed using porous pure titanium (pTi) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Then, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of pTi filled with PMMA (pTi/PMMA) fabricated using this process are systematically investigated. The tensile strength of pTi can be improved by the PMMA filling. Particularly, the improvement in the tensile strength of pTi pretreated using a silane coupling agent before PMMA filling is greater than that of the non-pretreated pTi because the st...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Nakai M, Niinomi M, Akahori T, Tsutsumi H, Itsuno S, Haraguchi N, Itoh Y, Ogasawara T, Onishi T, Shindoh T Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Mechanical characterisation of polyurethane elastomer for biomedical applications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mechanical testing and modelling of a material for biomedical applications have to be based on conditions representative of the application of interest. In this work, an ether-based polyurethane elastomer is used to build mock arteries. The aim is to study the behaviour of arteries under pulsatile loading conditions and how that behaviour changes with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Polyurethane elastomers are widely used as biomaterials, e.g. in tube form for bypasses and catheters. However, their mechanical behaviour has not been extensively characterised. This work establishes the variations in t...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Kanyanta V, Ivankovic A Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Investigation of the mechanical interaction of the trabecular core with an external shell using rapid prototype and finite element models.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to investigate this interaction and to determine what effect it has on the ultimate strength of the whole bone. This objective was achieved by compression testing rapid prototype (RP) models of cylindrical trabecular bone cores, with and without an integral surrounding shell and incorporating increasing levels of artificially induced bone loss. Corresponding finite element (FE) models were generated and the load sharing of the shell and trabecular core was analysed under linear elastic loading conditions. The results of the physical RP model tests and corresponding FE analyses indicated that...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Mc Donnell P, Harrison N, Lohfeld S, Kennedy O, Zhang Y, Mc Hugh PE Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Wear behavior of light-cured dental composites filled with porous glass-ceramic particles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, novel bioactive glass-ceramic powders exhibiting different nominal calcium-mica to fluorapatite ratios were used as fillers for light-cured dental composites. Wear tests on the resulting samples were undertaken using a micro-tribometer with a linear reciprocating ball-on-flat geometry using lubrication from artificial saliva. The surfaces of the worn composites were then evaluated using optical microscopy. In order to enhance matrix bonding, the surfaces of the different particulates were treated using hydrofluoric acid to provide a porous surface and the resulting surface morphology was evaluated using scan...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Tan Y, Liu Y, Grover LM, Huang B Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

A novel constitutive model of skeletal muscle taking into account anisotropic damage.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study is to develop a constitutive model of skeletal muscle that describes material anisotropy, viscoelasticity and damage of muscle tissue. A free energy function is described as the sum of volumetric elastic, isochoric elastic and isochoric viscoelastic parts. The isochoric elastic part is divided into two types of shear response and the response in the fiber direction. To represent the dependence of the mechanical properties on muscle activity, we incorporate a contractile element into the model. The viscoelasticity of muscle is modeled as a three-dimensional model constructed by extending the on...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Ito D, Tanaka E, Yamamoto S Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Dependence of in vitro fatigue properties of PMMA bone cement on the polydispersity index of its powder.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Four variants of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement were used, the difference being in the method used to sterilize the powder (three different dosages of gamma irradiation and ethylene oxide gas) and, hence, in the molecular weight of the powder. For each cement powder, the number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight (and, hence, the polydispersity index, PDI) were determined using gel permeation chromatography. For each of the cured cements, the fatigue lives (N(f)) of specimens, at loads corresponding to stresses (S) of +/-10.0 MPa, +/-12.5 MPa, +/-15.0 MPa, and +/-20.0 MPa, were d...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Lewis G, Li Y Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Anisotropic swelling and mechanical behavior of composite bacterial cellulose-poly(acrylamide or acrylamide-sodium acrylate) hydrogels.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bacterial cellulose-polyacrylamide (BC-PAAm) composite hydrogels are prepared by synthesis of PAAm networks inside the BC matrices. The behavior of these gels and of the ionic ones obtained via partial hydrolysis of BC-PAAm gels is studied under swelling and compressive deformation conditions. The dependences of the hydrogels' properties on the BC matrix preparation conditions, gel synthesis conditions and the BC content in the hydrogel compositions are studied. Two types of BC gel pellicle are used in the hydrogel synthesis, namely matrix pellicles subjected to pre-pressing (samples of series A) and those not subjecte...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Buyanov AL, Gofman IV, Revel'skaya LG, Khripunov AK, Tkachenko AA Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Viscoelastic behavior of discrete human collagen fibrils.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the present work provides direct evidence of viscoelastic behavior at the single fibril level, which has not been previously measured. PMID: 19878908 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials)
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Svensson RB, Hassenkam T, Hansen P, Peter Magnusson S Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Fracture of tooth enamel from incipient microstructural defects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present definitive evidence for crack growth from internal defects called 'tufts' in human enamel. Transverse slices (normal to the tooth axis) sawn from extracted human teeth are embedded in a polycarbonate sandwich configuration and tested in simple flexural loading. The evolution of ensuing cracks across the enamel sections is viewed in situ by a video camera. The observations unequivocally identify tufts as sources of internal tooth fracture. In sufficiently thin slices the enamel becomes translucent, allowing for through-thickness observations of the crack topography. Crack segments that appear to be disjointed on ...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Chai H, Lee JJ, Lawn BR Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Friction of F-actin knots.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We use the existing data of force-extension experiments on F-actin molecules tied into knots to compute a value of 0.15 for the static friction coefficient for contact between different parts of the same molecule with itself. This estimate for protein-protein friction is relevant for the stabilization of the 273 known proteins with knots, one percent of the structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. PMID: 19878910 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials)
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Kirchner HO, Neukirch S Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Transversely isotropic tensile material properties of skeletal muscle tissue.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Of the plethora of work performed analyzing skeletal muscle tissue, relatively little has been done in the examination of its passive material properties. Previous studies of the passive properties of skeletal muscle have been primarily performed along the longitudinal material direction. In order to ensure the accuracy of the predictions of computational models of skeletal muscles, a better understanding of the tensile three-dimensional material properties of muscle tissue is necessary. To that end, the purpose of this study was to collect a comprehensive set of tensile stress-strain data from skeletal muscle tissue. ...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Morrow DA, Haut Donahue TL, Odegard GM, Kaufman KR Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

A composite kidney stone phantom with mechanical properties controllable over the range of human kidney stones.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A novel composite kidney stone phantom has been developed. This stone phantom is producible with mechanical properties mimicking the range of tensile fracture strength and acoustic properties of human kidney stones and is an inorganic/organic composite material, as are natural kidney stones. Diametral compression testing was used to measure tensile fracture strength, which determines the acoustic comminution behavior of kidney stones. Ultrasound transmission tests were made to characterize the acoustic properties of these stone phantoms. Both the tensile fracture strength (controllable from 1 to approximately 5 MPa) an...
Source: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Simmons WN, Cocks FH, Zhong P, Preminger G Tags: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater Source Type: journals

Statistical Analysis of Misorientation Distributions From Growth Selection Experiments in Iron–3% SiEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The frequency of occurrence of differently misoriented grain boundaries in growth selection experiments in silicon–iron was reported by Ibe and Lücke and has been the basis of many texture models. However, this pattern of behaviour bears much similarity to misorientation frequencies calculated from random textures. A comparison of the experimental and computed frequency distribution shows that there are statistically significant differences and therefore that some possibilities for growth selection do exist (Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure)
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Microstructure and Texture of in Situ Heavily Drawn Cu–Nb CompositesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Heavily cold drawn in situ Cu–Nb composites have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray analysis. Dislocation density in the copper matrix has been shown to change only slightly in the investigated drawing ratio range because of the development of stage IV of deformation. In Nb filaments dislocation density in the investigated range at first increases with deformation and then drops at the highest drawing ratio. At intermediate deformation niobium grains consist of fine blocks separated by low-angle dislocation boundaries. At drawing, fibre texture develops in both phases, with 〈...
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Influence of Rolling Temperature on the Perfection Degree of Recrystallization Cube Texture in NickelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effect of the rolling temperature on the deformation texture and the perfection degree of a cube texture in pure-nickel thin tape were investigated. The kinetics of primary recrystallization was studied on samples that had undergone rolling at different temperatures and the temperature of the onset of secondary recrystallization was determined. Regularities of the structure formation in the samples are discussed. It is established that the cube texture with the maximum sharpness is produced in the samples rolled at room temperature. (Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure)
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Effect of Zonal Isolation on the Kinetics of Sintering a Particulate BodyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper describes the so-called meso-scale simulations of sintering a particulate body. Computations were made using 3D structure-imitation computer model of evolution of a powder compact during sintering. It was demonstrated, that in powder bodies the effect of zonal isolation (forming separate groups of particles during sintering) determines features of shrinkage and internal structure of a compact. In case of the diffusion- viscous flow of particles the fact was proved that the zonal isolation is predetermined by ratio of viscosity and free surface energy. It was verified, that there is a critical value of the above ...
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Quantification of Minor Texture Components by Hard X-RaysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Non-destructive methods to determine the volume fraction of minor texture components with very low reflection intensities are presented. The methods are based on polycrystalline diffraction of hard X-rays from synchrotron sources. By focusing the X-rays and scanning the specimen, it is shown that volume fractions as low as 10-9 can be registered, provided that the crystallographic orientations of such volume elements are far away from any major texture component. Simultaneously, the spatial resolving power is of the order 0.03 μm3. The relevance of such methods for nucleation studies and trace analysis is outlined. (...
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Recrystallization in a Hot Deformed Al-Mg-Si Alloy: The Effect of Fine PrecipitatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The recrystallization of an Al-Mg-Si alloy deformed by plane strain compression at 400°C and 1 s-1 has been studied. Fine particles are found to have a significant influence on the development of recrystallization textures. Annealing at 400°C, in the presence of Al-Fe-Si particles located on boundaries, results in a weak recrystallization texture. There is a clear indication that grain nucleation is associated with abnormal subgrain growth. The occurrence of this recovery process is analyzed by taking into account the particle pinning pressure and the orientation dependence of boundary energy and mobility. The cu...
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Microtexture Studies of PST and PZT Ceramics and PZT Thin Film by Electron Backscatter Diffraction PatternsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Crystallographic orientations of twelve different lead scandium tantalate (PST) ceramics, two lead zirconate titanate ceramics (PZT) and one PZT thin film were investigated by the technique of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning electron microscope. The PST ceramics were processed under different conditions of temperature and annealing. Crystal orientations in the bulk ceramics were examined and the results were plotted in microtexture pole- and inverse pole-figures. Local texture and misorientation between adjacent grains in certain selected regions of the ceramics were also examined. To compare the re...
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

On The Peculiarities of X-Ray Determination of Crystallographic Texture in Samples After Testing Wear ResistanceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A peculiar relief generally appears on the sample surface while testing wear resistance, which impairs the results of texture analysis by X-ray diffraction methods. The main reason for this is screening influence of the surface roughness on the X-ray passing through. From model representations, the influence on the screening of the relief parameters and the characteristic angle of reflection of X-rays is shown. Distribution of the parameters of a relief that actually forms is analyzed. A computer-assisted method of calculation of pole figures that excludes the screening effect is suggested. As an example of the method of a...
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Effective Elastic Properties of Textured Cubic PolycrystalsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A general scheme for the solution of problem of averaging elastic properties of textured polycrystals is suggested which is based on the algebraic methods of description of elastic properties. (Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure)
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Pole Figure Inversion Using Finite Elements Over Rodrigues SpaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using finite elements over Rodrigues space, methods are developed for the formation and inversion of pole figures. The methods take advantage of the properties of Rodrigues space, particularly the fact that geodesics corresponding to pole figure projection paths are straight lines. Both discrete and continuous pole figure data may be inverted to obtain orientation distribution functions (ODFs) in Rodrigues space, and we include sample applications for both types of data. (Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure)
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

PrefaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure)
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Depth Resolved Strain and Phase Mapping of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welds Using High Energy Synchrotron RadiationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The strain and phase distribution in a dissimilar friction stir weld of AA6082-T6 to AA2024-T3 is investigated non-destructively. The measurements are performed using a novel depth resolved strain and phase mapping technique. The technique is based on the use of a focussed high energy synchrotron beam, a novel spiral slit system, and an area detector system. Through thickness measurements of the residual strain along the weld centre show strong variations with changes of sign. The strain scans across the weld exhibit a strong asymmetry in particular for the longitudinal strain component. A depth resolved strain mapping acr...
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Tensile Deformation Induced Texture Transformation in Austenitic Stainless SteelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Texture patterns of the starting ώ and transformed α structural phases were obtained from AISI 304 stainless steel sheets subjected to varying levels of tensile deformation using high energy X-ray diffraction in combination with the texture enhanced Rietveld method. The use of this method allows the simultaneous determination of the orientation distribution functions (ODF) of both phases, even for small α-martensite fractions of the order of 5%. The texture patterns are analyzed in terms of the crystallographic orientation relation between the starting and transformed phases and the preferential form...
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Torsion Texture Measurements With High-Energy Synchrotron Radiation on NiAlEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Diffraction with high-energy synchrotron radiation is a new experimental method to determine textures of materials, which due to the special properties of this radiation, in the future may have advantages in terms of accuracy of local texture measurements in comparison to established methods like Electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD). In the present study NiAl polycrystals with two different initial textures have been deformed in torsion at 727°C and 1000°C and their texture development has been measured with highenergy synchrotron radiation. Torsion enables the study of texture formation with strain as well a...
Source: Texture, Stress, and Microstructure - November 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals