Molecular Biology
This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. 
Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.
Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.
Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.
Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.
Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.
This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 16.
MicroRNAs and copy number changes: New levels of gene regulation in acute myeloid leukemia.
Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Alkylating agents, topoisomerase II inhibitors, ionizing radiation, and other hematotoxins induce DNA damage in hematopoietic stem cells that results in lesions such as balanced and unbalanced chromosome rearrangements, -5/del(5q) and/or -7/del(7q), as well as other submicroscopic genetic lesions. Together with epigenetic alterations, these result in dysplasia, clonal expansion, and ultimately myeloid leukemia. Combinations of lesions are required to induce overt leukemia. Altering a small subset of signaling pathways leads to disruption of normal self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptotic mechanisms t...
Source: Chemico-Biological Interactions - October 8, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Larson RA Tags: Chem Biol Interact Source Type: journals
Kelch-like 1 protein upregulates T-type currents by an actin-F dependent increase in alpha(1H) channels via the recycling endosome.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report we further elucidate the role of the actin cytoskeleton in this process using pharmacological tools to disrupt or stabilize actin filaments and to prevent protein trafficking and vesicle recycling. Disruption of the cytoskeleton did not affect the basal activity of alpha(1H), but did eliminate its modulation by KLHL1. In contrast, actin-F stabilization on its own increased basal alpha(1H) activity similar to KLHL1 but without synergy in its presence, suggesting KLHL1 requires actin-polymerization to increase alpha(1H) currents. Noise analysis revealed that actin polymerization induced an increase in N and P(...
Source: Channels - October 8, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Aromolaran KA, Benzow KA, Cribbs LL, Koob MD, Piedras-Rentería ES Tags: Channels (Austin) Source Type: journals
Stabilization of Ca current in Purkinje neurons during high-frequency firing by a balance of Ca-dependent facilitation and inactivation.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Purkinje neurons fire spontaneous action potentials at approximately 50 spikes/sec and generate more than 100 spikes/sec during cerebellum-mediated behaviors. Many voltage-gated channels, including Ca channels, can inactivate and/or facilitate with repeated stimulation, raising the question of how these channels respond to regular, rapid trains of depolarizations. To test whether Ca currents are modulated during firing, we recorded voltage-clamped Ca currents, predominantly carried by P-type Ca channels, from acutely dissociated mouse Purkinje neurons at 30-33 degrees C (1 mM Ca). With 0.5 mM intracellular EGTA, 1-seco...
Source: Channels - October 8, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Benton MD, Raman IM Tags: Channels (Austin) Source Type: journals
K(V)4.3 expression and gating: S2 and S3 acidic and S4 innermost basic residues.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Effects of neutralizing individual negatively charged (acidic [E,D]) and innermost positively charged (basic [K,R]) residues in transmembrane segments S2 (D230Q, E240Q), S3 (D263Q) and S4 (K299A/Q, R302A/Q) of the K(V)4.3 putative voltage sensing domain (VSD) were determined. S2 D230Q generated large macroscopic currents, depolarized steady-state activation ("a(4)") and isochronal (1 sec) inactivation ("i") relationships, and significantly accelerated kinetics of deactivation and recovery (from both macroscopic and closed state inactivation [CSI]). D230Q thus stabilized non-inactivated closed states. These effects were...
Source: Channels - October 8, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Skerritt MR, Campbell DL Tags: Channels (Austin) Source Type: journals
Visualizing the mapped ion pathway through the Na,K-ATPase pump.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase pump achieves thermodynamically uphill exchange of cytoplasmic Na(+) ions for extracellular K(+) ions by using ATP-mediated phosphorylation, followed by autodephosphorylation, to power conformational changes that allow ion access to the pump's binding sites from only one side of the membrane at a time. Formally, the pump behaves like an ion channel with two tightly coupled gates that are constrained to open and close alternately. The marine agent palytoxin disrupts this coupling, allowing both gates to sometimes be open, so temporarily transforming a pump into an ion channel. We made a cysteine sc...
Source: Channels - October 8, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Takeuchi A, Reyes N, Artigas P, Gadsby DC Tags: Channels (Austin) Source Type: journals
Comparison of interlaboratory variation in absolute T-cell counts by single-platform and optimized dual-platform methodsEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous studies have reported that the adoption of a single-platform flow cytometry cell counting method resulted in lower interlaboratory variation in absolute T cell counts as compared to predicate dual-platform flow cytometry methods which incorporate independent automated lymphocyte counts (Schnizlein-Bick et al., Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2000;7:336-343; Reimann et al., Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2000;7:344-351). In the present study, we asked whether use of a single-platform method could reduce variation in absolute cell counts across the laboratories in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) (n = 4), as suggested by the...
Source: Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lance E. Hultin, Marianne Chow, Beth D. Jamieson, Maurice R. G. O'Gorman, Frederick A. Menendez, Luann Borowski, Thomas N. Denny, Joseph B. Margolick Source Type: journals
A versatile 3D culture model facilitates monitoring of astrocytes undergoing reactive gliosisEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
A major impediment to CNS repair is the glial scar, which forms following damage and is composed mainly of ramified, 'reactive' astrocytes that inhibit neuronal regrowth. The transition of astrocytes into this reactive phenotype (reactive gliosis) is a potential therapeutic target, but glial scar formation has proved difficult to study in monolayer cultures because they induce constitutive astrocyte activation. Here we demonstrate a 3D collagen gel system in which primary rat astrocytes were maintained in a persistently less reactive state than comparable cells in monolayer, resembling their status in the undamaged CNS. Re...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Emma East, Jonathan P. Golding, James B. Phillips Source Type: journals
A miniaturized screen for inhibitors of Jumonji histone demethylasesEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Masaaki Sakurai, Nathan R. Rose, Lena Schultz, Amy M. Quinn, Ajit Jadhav, Stanley S. Ng, Udo Oppermann, Christopher J. Schofield, Anton Simeonov
(Paper from Mol. BioSyst.)
Masaaki Sakurai, Mol. BioSyst., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/b912993f
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Source: RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Masaaki SakuraiNathan R. Rose Lena Schultz Amy M. Quinn Ajit Jadhav Stanley S. Ng Udo Oppermann Christopher J. Schofield Anton Simeonov Source Type: journals
Calix[4]arenes featuring a direct lower rim attachment of dansyl groups. Synthesis, fluorescence properties and first report on crystal structuresEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Tobias Gruber, Conrad Fischer, Marika Felsmann, Wilhelm Seichter, Edwin Weber
(Paper from Org. Biomol. Chem.)
Tobias Gruber, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b911800d
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Tobias GruberConrad Fischer Marika Felsmann Wilhelm Seichter Edwin Weber Source Type: journals
Phylogeny and evolutionary history of Leymus (Triticeae; Poaceae) based on a single-copy nuclear gene encoding plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylaseEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion:
Leymus species have allopolyploid origin. It is hypothesized that the adaptive radiation of Leymus species might have been triggered by the recent upliftings of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and subsequent climatic oscillations. Adaptive radiation may have promoted the rapid speciation, as well as the fixation of unique morphological characters in Leymus. Our results shed new light on our understanding of the origin of Xm genome, the polyploidization events and evolutionary history of Leymus that could account for the rich diversity and ecological adaptation of Leymus species.
Source: BMC Evolutionary Biology - Latest articles - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xing FanLi-Na ShaRui-Wu YangHou-Yang KangYou-Liang ZhengCun-Bang DingLi ZhangHai-Qin ZhangYong-Hong Zhou Source Type: journals
Conformational changes and loose packing promote E. coli Tryptophanase cold labilityEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions:
We suggest that cold lability of E. coli Trpases is primarily affected by PLP release. The enhanced loss of activity of the three mutants is presumably due to the reduced size of the side chain of the amino acids. This prevents the tight assembly of the active tetramer, making it more susceptible to the cold driven changes in hydrophobic interactions which facilitate PLP release. The hydrophobic interactions along the non catalytic interface overshadow the effect of point mutations and may account for the differences in the dissociation of E. coli Trpase to dimers and P. vulgaris Trpase to monomers.
Source: BMC Structural Biology - Latest articles - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Anna KoganGarik GdalevskyRivka Cohen-LuriaYehuda GoldgurRobert PhillipsAbraham ParolaOrna Almog Source Type: journals
Investigating the robustness of the classical enzyme kinetic equations in small intracellular compartmentsEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions:
The derived mesoscopic rate equations describe subcellular enzyme reaction kinetics, taking into account, for the first time, the simultaneous influence of both intrinsic noise and the mode of transport. They clearly show the range of applicability of the conventional deterministic equation models, namely intracellular conditions compatible with diffusive transport and simple enzyme mechanisms in several hundred nanometre-sized compartments. An active transport mechanism coupled with large intrinsic noise in enzyme concentrations is shown to lead to huge deviations from the predictions of deterministic models....
Source: BMC Systems Biology - Latest articles - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ramon Grima Source Type: journals
Eps15: a multifunctional adaptor protein regulating intracellular traffickingEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Over expression of receptor tyrosine kinases is responsible for the development of a wide variety of malignancies. Termination of growth factor signaling is primarily determined by the down regulation of active growth factor/receptor complexes. In recent years, considerable insight has been gained in the endocytosis and degradation of growth factor receptors. A crucial player in this process is the EGFR Protein tyrosine kinase Substrate #15, or Eps15. This protein functions as a scaffolding adaptor protein and is involved both in secretion and endocytosis. Eps15 has been shown to bind to AP-1 and AP-2 complexes, to bind to...
Source: Cell Communication and Signaling - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Paul Van Bergen en Henegouwen Source Type: journals
Dynamic regulation of the endocannabinoid system: implications for analgesiaEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
The analgesic effects of cannabinoids are well documented, but these are often limited by psychoactive side-effects. Recent studies indicate that the endocannabinoid system is dynamic and altered under different pathological conditions, including pain states. Changes in this receptor system include altered expression of receptors, differential synthesis pathways of endocannabinoids by various cell types and multiple pathways of catabolism and the generation of biologically active metabolites, which may be engaged under different conditions. This review discusses the evidence that pain states alter the endocannabinoid recep...
Source: Molecular Pain - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Devi Rani SagarA. Gemma GawBright OkineAmy WongStephen WoodhamsDavid KendallVictoria Chapman Source Type: journals
Heterologous expression, purification and characterization of the influenza A virus M2e gene fused to Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70(359-610) in prokaryotic system as a fusion protein.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
One of the concerns about influenza A vaccine based on M2e protein is their limited potency; hence, optimal approaches to enhance immunogenicity of M2e protein immunization remain to be established. It seems by linking this M2e-peptide to an appropriate carrier such as mycobacterium tuberculosis C-terminal 28-kDa domain of HSP70 (HSP70(359-610)), we can render it very immunogenic. According to previous reports, this study was designed to produce a novel influenza A virus recombinant fusion protein consisted of M2e, a potent immunogenic protein from influenza A virus, fused to C-terminal domain of mycobacterium tubercul...
Source: Molecular Biology Reports - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ebrahimi SM, Tebianian M Tags: Mol Biol Rep Source Type: journals
Modulation of human beta-defensin-2 expression by 17beta-estradiol and progesterone in vaginal epithelial cells.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the expression of HBD-1 and -2 in vaginal epithelial cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the effects on HBD-2 expressions by 17beta-estradiol and progesterone. Primary vaginal epithelial cells were isolated from a segment of normal anterior vaginal wall obtained during vaginoplasty and were cultured in keratinocyte growth medium and were allowed to undergo their 3rd passage. Expression of HBD-1 and -2 by different stimuli using LPS 0.5mug/ml, 17beta-estradiol 2nM and progesterone 1muM was measured by RT-PCR, ELISA and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. HBD-1 was produced constitutively in vagin...
Source: Cytokine - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Han JH, Kim MS, Lee MY, Kim TH, Lee MK, Kim HR, Myung SC Tags: Cytokine Source Type: journals
Activation of foal neutrophils at different ages by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and Rhodococcus equi.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined TLR9-mediated neutrophil activation in neonatal foals. Unmethylated CpGs, ligands for TLR9, were used to stimulate equine neutrophils, either purified or in contact with other peripheral blood leukocytes. Rhodococcus equi was used as another stimulus in parallel. TLR9 mRNA was constitutively expressed at a similar level in purified equine neutrophils across different ages from birth to adulthood, and expression was not affected by either CpG or R. equi. Purified foal neutrophils were directly sensitive to CpG stimulation, reflected by enhanced reactive oxygen species generation following fMLP stimulatio...
Source: Cytokine - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Liu M, Liu T, Bordin A, Nerren J, Cohen N Tags: Cytokine Source Type: journals
On the Added Value of Baseline FDG-PET in Malignant LymphomaEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion Without any other clinical information, pretreatment PET facilitates changes the interpretation of a posttreatment PET in
a third of the patients, resulting in both upgrading and downgrading of the posttreatment situation of a malignant lymphoma
patient. If these results are confirmed for PET–computed tomography systems, they favor the addition of baseline PET to the
current work-up of patients with malignant lymphoma.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11307-009-0259-3Authors
Henriette Quarles van Ufford, University Medical Center Utrecht Radiology Utrecht...
Source: Molecular Imaging and Biology - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Molecular Imaging and Biology Source Type: journals
The Bax carboxy-terminal hydrophobic helix does not determine organelle-specific targeting but is essential for maintaining Bax in an inactive state and for stable mitochondrial membrane insertionEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Here we address the function of the hydrophobic carboxy-terminal tail of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. The tail is tucked
into a hydrophobic pocket within the closed/inactive conformation of Bax. Apoptotic stimulation changes the Bax conformation,
exposing a mitochondrial-targeting signal. We confirmed that the Bax tail alone can specifically target and anchor a passenger
protein to the mitochondria. Surprisingly, we determined that the Bax tail does not play the primary targeting role in Bax
mitochondrial translocation. Mutating the Bax tail to produce an ER-targeting signal had no effect on Bax m...
Source: Apoptosis - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals
Polymorphisms within insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) gene determine insulin metabolism and risk of type 2 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
This study validates and confirms the association of
IDE polymorphisms with T2DM risk in the prospective German cohort and provides novel evidence of influences of IDE genetic variants on insulin metabolism.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00109-009-0540-6Authors
Natalia Rudovich, Charité University Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin Berlin GermanyOlga Pivovarova, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Department of Clinical Nutrition Nuthetal GermanyEva Fisher, German Institute of Hu...
Source: Journal of Molecular Medicine - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Journal of Molecular Medicine Source Type: journals
Structural analysis of the DNA target site and its interaction with Mbp1Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Anna V. Chernatynskaya, Lynn Deleeuw, John O. Trent, Tom Brown, Andrew N. Lane
(Paper from Org. Biomol. Chem.)
Anna V. Chernatynskaya, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b912309a
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Anna V. ChernatynskayaLynn Deleeuw John O. Trent Tom Brown Andrew N. Lane Source Type: journals
Synthesis of natural products containing spiroketals via intramolecular hydrogen abstractionEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Jonathan Sperry, Yen-Cheng (William) Liu, Margaret A. Brimble
(Perspective from Org. Biomol. Chem.)
Jonathan Sperry, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/b916041h
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jonathan SperryYen-Cheng (William) Liu Margaret A. Brimble Source Type: journals
Testing mitochondrial sequences and anonymous nuclear markers for phylogeny reconstruction in a rapidly radiating group: molecular systematics of the Delphininae (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Delphinidae)Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions:
For closely related, recently diverged taxa, a multi-locus genome-wide survey is likely the most comprehensive approach currently available for phylogenetic inference.
Source: BMC Evolutionary Biology - Latest articles - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sarah KingstonLara AdamsPatricia Rosel Source Type: journals
Expressions of ECE-CYC2 clade genes relating to abortion of both dorsal and ventral stamens in Opithandra (Gesneriaceae)Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions:
These results suggest that ECE-CYC2 clade TCP genes are not only functionally conserved in the dorsal stamen repression, but also involved in arresting ventral stamens, a genetic mechanism underlying the establishment of zygomorphy with abortion of both the dorsal and ventral stamens evolved in angiosperms, especially within Lamiales s.l.
Source: BMC Evolutionary Biology - Latest articles - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chun-Feng SongQi-Bing LinRong-Hua LiangYin-Zheng Wang Source Type: journals
Molecular models for intrastrand DNA G-quadruplexes.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions:
Molecular models have been generated for a large number of G_3 X_n1 G_3 X_n2 G_3 X_n3 G_3 sequences. For a given sequence not all topologies are possible with the available repertoire of fragments due to steric hindrance and low superimposability. Since all molecular models are generated by fragments coming from observed quadruplex structures, molecular models are in principle reliable and may be used for interpretation of experimental data. Some examples of applications are given.
Source: BMC Structural Biology - Latest articles - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Federico FogolariHaritha HaridasAlessandra CorazzaPaolo ViglinoDavide Cora'Michele CaselleGennaro EspositoLuigi Xodo Source Type: journals
Poly-paraphyly of Hirudinidae: many lineages of medicinal leeches.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions:
: The family Hirudinidae must be refined to include only the clade containing Hirudo medicinalis (European medicinal leech) and related leeches irrespective of bloodfeeding behavior. A second clade containing Macrobdella decora (North American medicinal leech) and its relatives is recognized as Semiscolecidae in order to avoid paraphyly. The African distribution of species from each of the divergent hirudinid clades suggests that a deep divergence took place in the history of the medicinal leeches hundreds of millions of years ago.
Source: BMC Evolutionary Biology - Latest articles - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Anna PhillipsMark Siddall Source Type: journals
Utilization of human limbal mesenchymal cells as feeder layers for human limbal stem cells cultured on amniotic membraneEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we explored the possibility of using human limbal mesenchymal cells (HLMCs) as feeder layer for the human limbal epithelial cells (HLECs). Single cell suspension of HLECs was seeded onto denuded amniotic membranes with inactivated 3T3 fibroblasts or HLMCs as feeder layer. Expressions of Cytokeratin 3, Np63 and connexin 43 (Cx43) of the cultured epithelial cells were determined at 28 days and the ultrastructure of the epithelium was examined by transmission electron microscope after 14 days and 28 days of cultivation. In both groups, cells were differentiated into multilayer epithelium at 28 days. Basal cells...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xiaomin Zhang, Huimin Sun, Xiaorong Li, Xiaoyong Yuan, Lei Zhang, Shaozhen Zhao Source Type: journals
Lysyl oxidase enhances elastin synthesis and matrix formation by vascular smooth muscle cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the utility of exogenously supplemented LOX peptides (50-100 µl/well) to elastin synthesis, crosslinking efficiency and matrix deposition in adult rat aortic smooth muscle cell (RASMC) cultures. Additionally, we also examined the role of LOX peptides on SMC proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) synthesis in these cultures. Highly purified bovine aorta LOX peptide was found to increase matrix elastin synthesis by 40-80% to that in control cultures in a dose-dependent manner, while the crosslinking efficiency significantly (as measured by the ratio of matrix elastin protein to the t...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chandrasekhar R. Kothapalli, Anand Ramamurthi Source Type: journals
Detailed analysis of X chromosome inactivation in a 49,XXXXX pentasomyEmail this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions:
Our findings indicated that 12% of X chromosomes with the M1 haplotype, 43.5% of X chromosomes with the M2 haplotype, and 100% of the paternal X chromosome (with the P haplotype) were likely to be functionally active in the proband's cells, a finding indicating that disruption of X inactivation was associated to her severe phenotype.
Source: Molecular Cytogenetics - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lucia MoraesLeila CardosoVera MouraMiguel MoreiraAlbert MenezesJuan LlerenaHector Seuanez Source Type: journals
Prokaryotic expression and characterization of avian influenza A virus M2 gene as a candidate for universal recombinant vaccine against influenza A subtypes; specially H5N1 and H9N2.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
The conserved M2 protein of influenza A virus is considered as a promising candidate target for a broad-spectrum, recombinant influenza A vaccine. In the present study, the open reading frame (ORF) of avian influenza A/chicken/Iran/101/1998 (H9N2) M2 gene was amplified then cloned in pAED4, prokaryotic expression vector. M2 protein was produced through the expression of this recombinant expression vector (pAED4-M2) in E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain. The expressed M2 protein was analyzed on SDS-PAGE. Western blot assay was used to examine the immunoreaction of the expressed protein using commercial polyclonal anti-M2 antibod...
Source: Molecular Biology Reports - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ebrahimi SM, Tebianian M, Aghaiypour K, Nili H, Mirjalili A Tags: Mol Biol Rep Source Type: journals
Characteristics of X- and Y-chromosome specific regions of the amelogenin gene and a PCR-based method for sex identification in red deer (Cervus elaphus).Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study attempts to analyse sequences of the X- and Y-chromosome specific regions of the amelogenin (AMEL) gene in red deer. To this end, primers specific for each form of the gene (AMELX and AMELY) were designed based on bovine genomic sequences and the homologous regions of the genes were sequenced. The obtained sequence of AMELX gene showed high similarity with the corresponding region in cattle (91%) and humans (77%), but this similarity was slightly lower among AMELY genes and showed 87 and 73% of identical nucleotides, respectively. In addition, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in...
Source: Molecular Biology Reports - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Gurgul A, Radko A, Słota E Tags: Mol Biol Rep Source Type: journals
SPARC: a matricellular regulator of tumorigenesis.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Although many clinical studies have found a correlation of SPARC expression with malignant progression and patient survival, the mechanisms for SPARC function in tumorigenesis and metastasis remain elusive. The activity of SPARC is context- and cell-type-dependent, which is highlighted by the fact that SPARC has shown seemingly contradictory effects on tumor progression in both clinical correlative studies and in animal models. The capacity of SPARC to dictate tumorigenic phenotype has been attributed to its effects on the bioavailability and signaling of integrins and growth factors/chemokines. These molecular pathway...
Source: Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Arnold SA, Brekken RA Tags: J Cell Commun Signal Source Type: journals
The mycobacterium bovis BCG phagosome proteome.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG alter the maturation of their phagosomes and reside within a compartment that resists acidification and fusion with lysosomes. To define the molecular composition of this compartment, we developed a novel method for obtaining highly purified phagosomes from BCG infected human macrophages and analyzed the phagosomes by Western immunoblotting and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Our purification procedure revealed that BCG grown on artificial medium become less dense after growth in macrophages. By Western immunoblotting, LAMP-2, Niemann Pick protein C1, and synta...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Proteomics : MCP - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lee BY, Jethwaney D, Schilling B, Clemens DL, Gibson BW, Horwitz MA Tags: Mol Cell Proteomics Source Type: journals
Proteomic analysis of the nucleolus in adenovirus-infected cells.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Adenoviruses replicate primarily in the host cell nucleus and it is well established that adenovirus infection affects the structure and function of host cell nucleoli in addition to coding for a number of nucleolar targeted viral proteins. Here we have used unbiased proteomic methods, including high throughput mass spectrometry coupled with Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC) and traditional two dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis to identify quantitative changes in the protein composition of the nucleolus during adenovirus infection. 2-D gel analysis revealed changes in six proteins. By c...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Proteomics : MCP - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lam YW, Evans VC, Heesom KJ, Lamond AI, Matthews DA Tags: Mol Cell Proteomics Source Type: journals
Utp9p Facilitates Msn5p-mediated Nuclear Re-export of Retrograded tRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Monitoring Editor: Karsten Weis Utp9p is a nucleolar protein that is part of a subcomplex containing several U3 snoRNA-associated proteins including Utp8p, which is a protein that shuttles aminoacyl-tRNAs from the nucleolus to the nuclear tRNA export receptors Los1p and Msn5p in S. cerevisiae. Here we show that Utp9p is also an intranuclear component of the Msn5p-mediated nuclear tRNA export pathway. Depletion of Utp9p caused nuclear accumulation of mature tRNAs derived from intron-containing precursors, but not tRNAs made from intronless pre-tRNAs. Utp9p binds tRNA directly and saturably, and copurifies with Utp8p, Gs...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Eswara MB, McGuire AT, Pierce JB, Mangroo D Tags: Mol Biol Cell Source Type: journals
Neogenin Regulates Skeletal Myofiber Size and FAK and ERK Activities In Vivo and In Vitro.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
We report here that mice homozygous for a gene-trap mutation in the Neo1 locus (encoding neogenin) develop myotomes normally, but have small myofibers at E18.5 and at three weeks of age. Similarly, cultured myoblasts derived from such animals form smaller myotubes with fewer nuclei than myoblasts from control animals. These in vivo and in vitro defects are associated with low levels of the activated forms of FAK and ERK, both known to be involved in myotube formation, and inefficient expression of certain muscle-specific proteins. Recombinant netrin-2 activates FAK and ERK in cultured myoblasts in a neogenin- and Cdo-depen...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Bae GU, Yang YJ, Jiang G, Hong M, Lee HJ, Tessier-Lavigne M, Kang JS, Krauss RS Tags: Mol Biol Cell Source Type: journals
Polyamines Regulate c-Myc Translation through Chk2-dependent HuR Phosphorylation.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Monitoring Editor: William P. Tansey All mammalian cells depend on polyamines for normal growth and proliferation, but the exact roles of polyamines at the molecular level remain largely unknown. The RNA-binding protein HuR modulates the stability and translation of many target mRNAs. Here, we show that in rat intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), polyamines enhanced HuR association with the 3'-untranslated region of the c-Myc mRNA by increasing HuR phosphorylation by Chk2, in turn promoting c-Myc translation. Depletion of cellular polyamines inhibited Chk2 and reduced the affinity of HuR for c-Myc mRNA; these effects we...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Liu L, Rao JN, Zou T, Xiao L, Wang PY, Turner DJ, Gorospe M, Wang JY Tags: Mol Biol Cell Source Type: journals
Macrophages Create an Acidic Extracellular Hydrolytic Compartment to Digest Aggregated Lipoproteins.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Monitoring Editor: Sandra L. Schmid A critical event in atherogenesis is the interaction of macrophages with subendothelial lipoproteins. Although most studies model this interaction by incubating macrophages with monomeric lipoproteins, macrophages in vivo encounter lipoproteins that are aggregated. The physical features of the lipoproteins require distinctive mechanisms for their uptake. We show that macrophages create an extracellular, acidic, hydrolytic compartment to carry out digestion of aggregated low density lipoproteins. We demonstrate delivery of lysosomal contents to these specialized compartments and their...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Haka AS, Grosheva I, Chiang E, Buxbaum AR, Baird BA, Pierini LM, Maxfield FR Tags: Mol Biol Cell Source Type: journals
A Mutation Associated with CMT2A Neuropathy Causes Defects in Fzo1 GTP Hydrolysis, Ubiquitylation, and Protein Turnover.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Monitoring Editor: Thomas D. Fox Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A) is caused by mutations in the gene MFN2 and is one of the most common inherited peripheral neuropathies. Mfn2 is one of two mammalian mitofusin GTPases that promote mitochondrial fusion and maintain organelle integrity. It is not known how mitofusin mutations cause axonal degeneration and CMT2A disease. We used the conserved yeast mitofusin, FZO1, to study the molecular consequences of CMT2A mutations on Fzo1 function in vivo and in vitro. One mutation (analogous to the CMT2A I213T substitution in the GTPase domain of Mfn2) not only abolishes ...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Amiott EA, Cohen MM, Saint-Georges Y, Weissman AM, Shaw JM Tags: Mol Biol Cell Source Type: journals
Rescue of Munc18-1 and -2 Double Knockdown Reveals the Essential Functions of Interaction between Munc18 and Closed Syntaxin in PC12 Cells.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Monitoring Editor: Keith E. Mostov Munc18-1 binds to syntaxin-1A via two distinct sites referred to as the 'closed' conformation and N-terminus binding. The latter has been shown to stimulate SNARE-mediated exocytosis, whereas the former is believed to be inhibitory or dispensable. To precisely define the contributions of each binding mode, we have engineered Munc18-1/-2 double knockdown neurosecretory cells and show that not only syntaxin-1A and -1B but also syntaxin-2 and -3 were significantly reduced as a result of Munc18-1 and -2 knockdown. Syntaxin-1 was mislocalized and the regulated secretion was abolished. We n...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Han L, Jiang T, Han GA, Malintan NT, Xie L, Wang L, Tse FW, Gaisano HY, Collins BM, Meunier FA, Sugita S Tags: Mol Biol Cell Source Type: journals
Dcp1-Bodies in Mouse Oocytes.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Monitoring Editor: A. Gregory Matera Processing bodies (P-bodies) are cytoplasmic granules involved in the storage and degradation of mRNAs. In somatic cells, their formation involves miRNA-mediated mRNA silencing. Many P-body protein components are also found in germ cell granules, such as in mammalian spermatocytes. In fully grown mammalian oocytes, where changes in gene expression depend entirely on translational control, RNA granules have not as yet been characterized. Here we show the presence of P-body-like foci in mouse oocytes, as revealed by the presence of Dcp1a and the colocalization of RNA associated protei...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Swetloff A, Conne B, Huarte J, Pitetti JL, Nef S, Vassalli JD Tags: Mol Biol Cell Source Type: journals
RhoG Promotes Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation in Mouse Cerebral Cortex.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Monitoring Editor: J. Silvio Gutkind In early cortical development, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) expand their population in the ventricular zone (VZ), and produce neurons. Although a series of studies have revealed the process of neurogenesis, the molecular mechanisms regulating NPC proliferation are still largely unknown. Here we found that RhoG, a member of Rho family GTPases, was expressed in the VZ at early stages of cortical development. Expression of constitutively active RhoG promoted NPC proliferation and incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in vitro, and the proportion of Ki67-positive cells in vivo. In...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Fujimoto S, Negishi M, Katoh H Tags: Mol Biol Cell Source Type: journals
Evidence that Electrostatic Interactions between VAMP2 and Acidic Phospholipids May Modulate the Fusion of Transport Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Monitoring Editor: Thomas F.J. Martin The juxtamembrane domain of VAMP2 contains a conserved cluster of basic/hydrophobic residues that may play an important role in membrane fusion. Our measurements on peptides corresponding to this domain determine the electrostatic and hydrophobic energies by which this domain of VAMP2 could bind to the adjacent lipid bilayer in an insulin granule or other transport vesicle. Mutation of residues within the juxtamembrane domain that reduce the VAMP2 net positive charge, and thus its interaction with membranes, inhibits secretion of insulin granules in beta cells. Increasing salt conc...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Williams D, Vicogne J, Zaitseva I, McLaughlin S, Pessin JE Tags: Mol Biol Cell Source Type: journals
Tight Functional Coupling of Kinesin-1A and Dynein Motors in the Bidirectional Transport of Neurofilaments.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Monitoring Editor: Erika L. Holzbaur We have tested the hypothesis that kinesin-1A (formerly KIF5A) is an anterograde motor for axonal neurofilaments. In cultured sympathetic neurons from kinesin-1A knockout mice, we observed a 75% reduction in the frequency of both anterograde and retrograde neurofilament movement. This transport defect could be rescued by kinesin-1A, and with successively decreasing efficacy by kinesin-1B and kinesin-1C. In wild type neurons, headless mutants of kinesin-1A and kinesin-1C inhibited both anterograde and retrograde movement in a dominant negative manner. Because dynein is thought to be ...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Uchida A, Alami NH, Brown A Tags: Mol Biol Cell Source Type: journals
The Exomer Coat Complex Transports Fus1p to the Plasma Membrane via a Novel Plasma Membrane Sorting Signal in Yeast.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Monitoring Editor: Benjamin S. Glick Sorting of transmembrane cargo proteins to different cellular compartments is mediated by sorting signals that are recognized by coat proteins involved in vesicle biogenesis. We have identified a sorting signal in the yeast cell fusion protein Fus1p that is required for its transport from the trans-Golgi compartment to the plasma membrane. Transport of Fus1p from the trans-Golgi to the cell surface is dependent on Chs5p, a component of the multisubunit exomer complex. We show that Fus1p transport is also dependent on the exomer components Bch1p and Bud7p. Disruption of the clathrin ...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Barfield RM, Fromme JC, Schekman R Tags: Mol Biol Cell Source Type: journals
Brd4 Marks Select Genes on Mitotic Chromatin and Directs Post-mitotic Transcription.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Monitoring Editor: Yixian Zheng On entry into mitosis, many transcription factors dissociate from chromatin, resulting in global transcriptional shutdown. During mitosis, some genes are marked to ensure the inheritance of their expression in the next generation of cells. The nature of mitotic gene marking, however, has been obscure. Brd4 is a double bromodomain protein that localizes to chromosomes during mitosis, and is implicated in holding mitotic memory. In interphase, Brd4 interacts with P-TEFb and functions as a global transcriptional coactivator. We found that throughout mitosis, Brd4 remained bound to the trans...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Dey A, Nishiyama A, Karpova T, McNally J, Ozato K Tags: Mol Biol Cell Source Type: journals
Drastic decrease in dopamine receptor levels in the striatum of acetylcholinesterase knock-out mouse.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Survival of the acetylcholinesterase knockout mouse could be linked to adaptation of many neuronal systems during development including the cholinergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic. These adaptations balance the overstimulation of cholinergic receptors caused by high acetylcholine concentrations and thus maintain homeostasis inside the cell, allowing the animal to live.
PMID: 19818744 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chemico-Biological Interactions - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hrabovska A, Farar V, Bernard V, Duysen EG, Brabec J, Lockridge O, Myslivecek J Tags: Chem Biol Interact Source Type: journals
Retrorsine, but not Monocrotaline, is A Mechanism-Based Inactivator of P450 3A4.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Retrorsine (RTS) and monocrotaline (MCT) cause severe toxicities via P450-mediated metabolic activation. The screening of mechanism-based inhibitors showed RTS inactivated 3A4 in the presence of NADPH. Unlike RTS, MCT failed to inhibit P450 3A4 and other enzymes tested. Further studies showed the loss of P450 3A4 activity occurred in a time- and concentration-dependent way, which was not recovered after dialysis. Dextromethorphan, a P450 3A4 substrate, protected the enzyme from the inactivation. Exogenous nucleophile glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species scavengers catalase and superoxide dismutase did not prot...
Source: Chemico-Biological Interactions - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Dai J, Zhang F, Zheng J Tags: Chem Biol Interact Source Type: journals
Delphinidin attenuates stress injury induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Moderate consumption of natural dietary polyphenolic compounds can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Here we investigated the protective effects of delphinidin against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The MTT assay showed that 2h pre-incubation with delphinidin markedly restored the oxLDL-induced viability loss in HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was accompanied by a significant decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species. Moreover, delphinidin imposed preventive effects on suppressing the production of lip...
Source: Chemico-Biological Interactions - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chen CY, Yi L, Jin X, Mi MT, Zhang T, Ling WH, Yu B Tags: Chem Biol Interact Source Type: journals
Stereospecificity In The Cytotoxic Action Of Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers.Email this article to a colleague.
Save this article to My Clippings.
Discuss or comment on this article.
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) is a highly recalcitrant organochlorine insecticide known for its chronic toxicity. In spite of many isolated studies a clear mechanism of cytotoxic action of HCH and the structure-toxicity relationship of its isomers is not well understood. We have investigated the toxicity of HCH isomers and its mechanism in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) cells. Our studies show differential cytotoxicity of HCH isomers (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta), delta isomer being most toxic and beta the least. HCH-induced cell death was associated with induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxid...
Source: Chemico-Biological Interactions - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Srivastava A, Shivanandappa T Tags: Chem Biol Interact Source Type: journals
