Molecular Biology
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 19.
Leptin signaling protects NK cells from apoptosis during development in mouse bone marrow.
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In this study, we have characterized NK cell differentiation and maturation in the BM of leptin-receptor deficient db/db mice at a prediabetic stage. Although the BM cellularity was similar to the control value, the total number of NK cells was severely reduced in mutant mice. Flow cytometric analysis of db/db BM cells revealed significantly decreased frequencies of developing NK cells at various stages of differentiation. BM db/db NK cells displayed markedly increased apoptosis but maintained normal cell cycling status and proliferative capacity. Moreover, recombinant leptin could significantly enhance the survival of NK ...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology - October 1, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lo CK, Lam QL, Yang M, Ko KH, Sun L, Ma R, Wang S, Xu H, Tam S, Wu CY, Zheng BJ, Lu L Tags: Cell Mol Immunol Source Type: journals
MicroRNA-155 regulates inflammatory cytokine production in tumor-associated macrophages via targeting C/EBPbeta.Email this article to a colleague.
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Macrophages (Mphi) are prominent components of solid tumors and exhibit distinct phenotypes in different microenvironments. We have recently found that tumors can alter the normal developmental process of Mphi to trigger transient activation of monocytes, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we showed that the protein expression of transcription factor C/EBPbeta was markedly elevated in tumor-associated Mphi both in vitro and human tumors in situ. The expression of C/EBP protein correlated with cytokine production in tumor-activated monocytes. Moreover, we found that C/EBPbeta exp...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology - October 1, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: He M, Xu Z, Ding T, Kuang DM, Zheng L Tags: Cell Mol Immunol Source Type: journals
Modulatory effects and action mechanisms of tryptanthrin on murine myeloid leukemia cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, tryptanthrin was shown to suppress the proliferation of the murine myeloid leukemia WEHI-3B JCS cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It also significantly reduced the growth of WEHI-3B JCS cells in vivo in syngeneic BALB/c mice. However, it exhibited no significant direct cytotoxicity on normal murine peritoneal macrophages. Flow cytometric analysis showed an obvious cell cycle arrest of the tryptanthrin-treated WEHI-3B JCS cells at the G0/G1 phase. The expression of cyclin D2, D3, Cdk 2, 4 and 6 genes in WEHI-3B JCS cells was found to be down-regulated at 24 h as measured by RT-PCR. Morphological and...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology - October 1, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chan HL, Yip HY, Mak NK, Leung KN Tags: Cell Mol Immunol Source Type: journals
NF-kappaB signaling pathway, inflammation and colorectal cancer.Email this article to a colleague.
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There is growing evidence for a connection between inflammation and tumor development, and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), a proinflammatory transcription factor, is hypothesized to promote tumorigenesis. Although the genetic evidence for the hypothesis has been lacking, recent papers have lent credence to this hypothesis. It has been reported that constitutive NF-kappaB activation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) increases risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the patients with the number of years of active disease. NF-kappaB activation might induce cellular transformation, mediate cellular proliferation, pr...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology - October 1, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Wang S, Liu Z, Wang L, Zhang X Tags: Cell Mol Immunol Source Type: journals
Modulation of neuroimmune responses on glia in the central nervous system: implication in therapeutic intervention against neuroinflammation.Email this article to a colleague.
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It has long been known that the brain is an immunologically privileged site in normal conditions. Although the cascade of immune responses can occur as long as there is a neuronal injury or a potent immune stimulation, how the brain keeps glial cells in a quiescent state is still unclear. Increasing efforts have been made by several laboratories to elucidate how repression of immune responses is achieved in the neuronal environment. The suppression factors include neurotransmitters, neurohormones, neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory factors, and cell-cell contact via adhesion molecules or CD200 receptor. This revie...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology - October 1, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chang RC, Chiu K, Ho YS, So KF Tags: Cell Mol Immunol Source Type: journals
Stripe formation in the early fly embryo: principles, models, and networksEmail this article to a colleague.
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Discussion is given on frequent network motifs, pointing to spatial stripe formation solutions.
Source: BioEssays - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Dmitri Papatsenko Source Type: journals
Genetic interaction between Lrp6 and Wnt5a during mouse developmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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Lrp6 is generally described as a receptor required for signal transduction in the Wnt/[beta]-catenin pathway. Wnt5a, however, is a Wnt ligand that usually does not activate Wnt/[beta]-catenin but rather activates noncanonical Wnt signaling. We have previously shown that Lrp6 can inhibit noncanonical Wnt5a/Wnt11 signaling and that Lrp5/6 loss-of-function produces noncanonical gain-of function defects, which can be rescued by loss of Wnt5a. Here, we describe other phenotypes found in Wnt5a/Lrp6 compound mutant mice, including a worsening of individual Wnt5a or Lrp6 loss of function phenotypes. Lrp6 haploinsufficiency in a Wn...
Source: Developmental Dynamics - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Emma Andersson, Lenka Bryjova, Kristin Biris, Terry P. Yamaguchi, Ernest Arenas, Vít[ecaron]zslav Bryja Source Type: journals
A metabolomic and multivariate statistical process to assess the effects of genotoxins in SaccharomycescerevisiaeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Christopher M. Titman, Jessica A. Downs, Stephen G. Oliver, Paul L. Carmichael, Andrew D. Scott, Julian L. Griffin
(Paper from Mol. BioSyst.)
Christopher M. Titman, Mol. BioSyst., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b907754e
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Source: RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Christopher M. TitmanJessica A. Downs Stephen G. Oliver Paul L. Carmichael Andrew D. Scott Julian L. Griffin Source Type: journals
Global signatures of protein and mRNA expression levelsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Raquel de Sousa Abreu, Luiz O. Penalva, Edward M. Marcotte, Christine Vogel
(Review from Mol. BioSyst.)
Raquel de Sousa Abreu, Mol. BioSyst., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b908315d
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Source: RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Raquel de Sousa AbreuLuiz O. Penalva Edward M. Marcotte Christine Vogel Source Type: journals
Photolabile N-hydroxypyrid-2(1H)-one derivatives of guanine nucleosides: a new method for independent guanine radical generationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Panagiotis Kaloudis, Cecilia Paris, Despoina Vrantza, Susana Encinas, Raul Perez-Ruiz, Miguel A. Miranda, Thanasis Gimisis
(Paper from Org. Biomol. Chem.)
Panagiotis Kaloudis, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b909138f
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Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Panagiotis KaloudisCecilia Paris Despoina Vrantza Susana Encinas Raul Perez-Ruiz Miguel A. Miranda Thanasis Gimisis Source Type: journals
1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions: applications to the synthesis of antiviral agentsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Carmen Najera, Jose M. Sansano
(Perspective from Org. Biomol. Chem.)
Carmen Najera, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b913066g
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Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Carmen NajeraJose M. Sansano Source Type: journals
Synthetic routes to pyrrolizine-1,5-dione derivatives by flash vacuum pyrolysis of amidomethylene derivatives of Meldrum's acidEmail this article to a colleague.
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Hamish McNab, Mark Morrow, Simon Parsons, David A. Shannon, Kirsti Withell
(Paper from Org. Biomol. Chem.)
Hamish McNab, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b911951e
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Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hamish McNabMark Morrow Simon Parsons David A. Shannon Kirsti Withell Source Type: journals
Catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of dialkylzinc reagents to [small alpha],[small beta]-unsaturated sulfonesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Pieter H. Bos, Beatriz Macia, M. Angeles Fernandez-Ibanez, Adriaan J. Minnaard, Ben L. Feringa
(Communication from Org. Biomol. Chem.)
Pieter H. Bos, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/b917269f
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Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Pieter H. BosBeatriz Macia M. Angeles Fernandez-Ibanez Adriaan J. Minnaard Ben L. Feringa Source Type: journals
In vitro selection of RNA aptamers to a protein target by filter immobilization.Email this article to a colleague.
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This unit describes the selection of aptamers from a pool of single-stranded RNA by binding to a protein target. Aptamers generated from this selection experiment can potentially act as protein function inhibitors, and may find applications as therapeutic or diagnostic reagents. A pool of dsDNA is used to generate an ssRNA pool, which is mixed with the protein target. Bound complexes are separated from unbound reagents by filtration, and the RNA:protein complexes are amplified by a combination of reverse transcription, PCR, and in vitro transcription.
PMID: 19816933 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current Protocols in Molecular Biology - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hall B, Arshad S, Seo K, Bowman C, Corley M, Jhaveri SD, Ellington AD Tags: Curr Protoc Mol Biol Source Type: journals
Design, synthesis, and amplification of DNA pools for in vitro selection.Email this article to a colleague.
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Preparation of a random-sequence DNA pool is presented. The degree of randomization and the length of the random sequence are discussed, as is synthesis of the pool using a DNA synthesizer or via commercial synthesis companies. Purification of a single-stranded pool and conversion to a double-stranded pool are presented as step-by-step protocols. Support protocols describe determination of the complexity and skewing of the pool, and optimization of amplification conditions.
PMID: 19816932 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current Protocols in Molecular Biology - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hall B, Micheletti JM, Satya P, Ogle K, Pollard J, Ellington AD Tags: Curr Protoc Mol Biol Source Type: journals
The UCSC genome browser: what every molecular biologist should know.Email this article to a colleague.
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Electronic data resources can enable molecular biologists to query and display many useful features that make benchwork more efficient and drive new discoveries. The UCSC Genome Browser provides a wealth of data and tools that advance one's understanding of genomic context for many species, enable detailed understanding of data, and provide the ability to interrogate regions of interest. Researchers can also supplement the standard display with their own data to query and share with others. Effective use of these resources has become crucial to biological research today, and this unit describes some practical applicati...
Source: Current Protocols in Molecular Biology - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Mangan ME, Williams JM, Kuhn RM, Lathe WC Tags: Curr Protoc Mol Biol Source Type: journals
Heat-activatable primers for hot-start PCR and hot-start one-step RT-PCR: endpoint and real-time experiments.Email this article to a colleague.
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Hot-start PCR is a technique that improves PCR performance by reducing nonspecific amplification during the initial setup stages of the PCR. This unit describes hot-start PCR protocols which utilize primers containing temperature-sensitive modifications. The introduction of 4-oxo-tetradecyl (OXT) phosphotriester groups onto the 3' end of the primer allows for primer-based hot-start PCR that is amenable for use in a number of PCR-based applications. The protocols described in this unit utilize OXT-modified primers in applications such as standard thermal cycling PCR, fast thermal cycling PCR, multiplex PCR, and one-step...
Source: Current Protocols in Molecular Biology - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ashrafi EH, Paul N Tags: Curr Protoc Mol Biol Source Type: journals
Preparation of proteins and peptides for mass spectrometry analysis in a bottom-up proteomics workflow.Email this article to a colleague.
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This unit outlines the steps required to prepare a sample for MS analysis following protein separation or enrichment by gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, and affinity capture within the context of a bottom-up proteomics workflow in which the protein is first broken up into peptides, either by chemical or enzymatic digestion, prior to MS analysis. Also included are protocols for enrichment at the peptide level, including phosphopeptide enrichment and reversed-phase chromatography for sample purification immediately prior to MS analysis. Finally, there is a discussion regarding the types of MS technologies comm...
Source: Current Protocols in Molecular Biology - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Gundry RL, White MY, Murray CI, Kane LA, Fu Q, Stanley BA, Van Eyk JE Tags: Curr Protoc Mol Biol Source Type: journals
Sarcoglycanopathies: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic prospectsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Review ArticlesDorianna Sandonà, Romeo Betto, Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine, Volume 11 , pp e28AbstractSarcoglycanopathies are a group of autosomal recessive muscle-wasting disorders caused by genetic defects in one of four cell membrane glycoproteins, -, -sarcoglycan. These four sarcoglycans form a subcomplex that is closely linked to the major dystrophin-associated protein complex, which is essential for membrane integrity during muscle contraction and provides a scaffold for important signalling molecules. Proper assembly, trafficking and targeting of the sarcoglycan complex is of vital importance, and mutations...
Source: Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: journals
Antibody-based therapy of leukaemiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Review ArticlesJohn C. Morris, Thomas A. Waldmann, Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine, Volume 11 , pp e29AbstractOver the past decade, monoclonal antibodies have dramatically impacted the treatment of haematological malignancies, as evidenced by the effect of rituximab on the response rate and survival of patients with follicular and diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Currently, only two monoclonal antibodies are approved for treatment of relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia in older patients and B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, respectively. Although not approved for such treatment, alemtuzumab is also activ...
Source: Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: journals
COMT Val158Met Genotype Does Not Alter Cortical or Striatal Dopamine D2 Receptor Availability In VivoEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions COMT genotype is not related with alterations in baseline D2 receptor availability in vivo in the cortex or the striatum. This information is useful for the interpretation of genetic studies on COMT in neuropsychiatry.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11307-009-0257-5Authors
Mika M. Hirvonen, University of Turku Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics 20014 Turku FinlandKjell Någren, Turku University Hospital Turku PET Centre 20014 Turku FinlandJuha O. Rinne, Turku University Hospital Turku PET Centre 20014 Turku FinlandUllamari Pesonen...
Source: Molecular Imaging and Biology - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Molecular Imaging and Biology Source Type: journals
In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging is Well-Suited for the Monitoring of Adenovirus Directed Transgene Expression in Living OrganismsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions These findings demonstrate that in vivo fluorescence imaging provides functional data indicating the approximate location, magnitude, and duration of AdEGFP expression.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11307-009-0260-xAuthors
Sevim Kahraman, Akdeniz University Human Gene Therapy Division, Faculty of Medicine Antalya 07070 TurkeyErcument Dirice, Akdeniz University Human Gene Therapy Division, Faculty of Medicine Antalya 07070 TurkeyAhter Dilsad Sanlioglu, Akdeniz University Human Gene Therapy Division, Faculty of Medicine Antalya 07070 TurkeyBurcak Yoldas, Akd...
Source: Molecular Imaging and Biology - September 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Molecular Imaging and Biology Source Type: journals
Association of selected polymorphisms of CCND1, p21, and caspase8 With colorectal cancer riskEmail this article to a colleague.
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It has been well elucidated that the signal transduction of cell-cycle control pathway and apoptosis pathway plays an important role in the normal growth and differentiation of organisms. To test the hypothesis that mutants of key genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and apoptosis might contribute to the increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), a population-based case-control study was carried out in Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province. The study population was composed of 373 CRC cases and 838 controls. Five genetic variants including CCND1 G870A, p21 codon31 C/A, p21 3[prime]UTR C/T, caspase8 IVS12-19G/A, and caspase8...
Source: Molecular Carcinogenesis - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Bing Liu, Yongjing Zhang, Mingjuan Jin, Qin Ni, Xia Liang, Xinyuan Ma, Kaiyan Yao, Qilong Li, Kun Chen Source Type: journals
Formaldehyde and leukemia: Epidemiology, potential mechanisms, and implications for risk assessmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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Formaldehyde is widely used in the United States and other countries. Occupational and environmental exposures to formaldehyde may be associated with an increased risk of leukemia in exposed individuals. However, risk assessment of formaldehyde and leukemia has been challenging due to inconsistencies in human and animal studies and the lack of a known mechanism for leukemia induction. Here, we provide a summary of the symposium at the Environmental Mutagen Society Meeting in 2008, which focused on the epidemiology of formaldehyde and leukemia, potential mechanisms, and implication for risk assessment, with emphasis on futu...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Luoping Zhang, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Jun Nakamura, Stephen S. Hecht, John J. Vandenberg, Martyn T. Smith, Babasaheb R. Sonawane Source Type: journals
SCOP/PHLPP and its functional role in the brainEmail this article to a colleague.
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Kimiko Shimizu, Scott M. Mackenzie, Daniel R. Storm
(Review from Mol. BioSyst.)
Kimiko Shimizu, Mol. BioSyst., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/b911410f
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Source: RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kimiko ShimizuScott M. Mackenzie Daniel R. Storm Source Type: journals
Nucleosome positioning-what do we really know?Email this article to a colleague.
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Andrew Travers, Micaela Caserta, Mark Churcher, Edwige Hiriart, Ernesto Di Mauro
(Review from Mol. BioSyst.)
Andrew Travers, Mol. BioSyst., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b907227f
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Source: RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Andrew TraversMicaela Caserta Mark Churcher Edwige Hiriart Ernesto Di Mauro Source Type: journals
Direct synthesis of sulfonated azacalixarenes in waterEmail this article to a colleague.
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Jonathan Clayden, Stephen J. M. Rowbottom, Warren J. Ebenezer, Michael G. Hutchings
(Paper from Org. Biomol. Chem.)
Jonathan Clayden, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b911631a
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Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jonathan ClaydenStephen J. M. Rowbottom Warren J. Ebenezer Michael G. Hutchings Source Type: journals
Synthesis of non-proteinogenic phenylalanine derivatives by rhodium-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactionsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Lidia Garcia, Anna Pla-Quintana, Anna Roglans
(Paper from Org. Biomol. Chem.)
Lidia Garcia, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b910961g
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Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lidia GarciaAnna Pla-Quintana Anna Roglans Source Type: journals
Palladium-catalysed ortho-arylation of carbamate-protected phenolsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Robin B. Bedford, Ruth L. Webster, Charlotte J. Mitchell
(Paper from Org. Biomol. Chem.)
Robin B. Bedford, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b916724m
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Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Robin B. BedfordRuth L. Webster Charlotte J. Mitchell Source Type: journals
Synthesis and kinetic studies of a low-molecular weight organocatalyst for phosphate hydrolysis in waterEmail this article to a colleague.
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Michael Merschky, Carsten Schmuck
(Paper from Org. Biomol. Chem.)
Michael Merschky, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b914974k
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Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Michael MerschkyCarsten Schmuck Source Type: journals
The coumarin[rightward arrow]indole transformation-a method for preparing 4-halo-5-hydroxyindoles from coumarinsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Elia J. L. Stoffman, Derrick. L. J. Clive
(Paper from Org. Biomol. Chem.)
Elia J. L. Stoffman, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b914580j
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Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Elia J. L. StoffmanDerrick. L. J. Clive Source Type: journals
Molecular aging and rejuvenation of human muscle stem cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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We examined whether stem cell aging in rodents could be extrapolated to genetically and environmentally variable humans. Our findings establish key evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of human stem cell aging. We find that satellite cells are maintained in aged human skeletal muscle, but fail to activate in response to muscle attrition, due to diminished activation of Notch compounded by elevated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-[beta])/phospho Smad3 (pSmad3). Furthermore, this work reveals that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/phosphate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) signalling declines in human m...
Source: EMBO Molecular Medicine - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Morgan E. Carlson, Charlotte Suetta, Michael J. Conboy, Per Aagaard, Abigail Mackey, Michael Kjaer, Irina Conboy Source Type: journals
How depolymerization can promote polymerization: the case of actin and profilinEmail this article to a colleague.
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Rapid polymerization and depolymerization of actin filaments in response to extracellular stimuli is required for normal cell motility and development. Profilin is one of the most important actin-binding proteins; it regulates actin polymerization and interacts with many cytoskeletal proteins that link actin to extracellular membrane. The molecular mechanism of profilin has been extensively considered and debated in the literature for over two decades. Here we discuss several accepted hypotheses regarding the mechanism of profilin function as well as new recently emerged possibilities. Thermal noise is routine in molecular...
Source: BioEssays - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Elena G. Yarmola, Michael R. Bubb Source Type: journals
Catalytic antibodies: balancing between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. HydeEmail this article to a colleague.
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The immunoglobulin molecule is a perfect template for the de novo generation of biocatalytic functions. Catalytic antibodies, or abzymes, obtained by the structural mimicking of enzyme active sites have been shown to catalyze numerous chemical reactions. Natural enzyme analogs for some of these reactions have not yet been found or possibly do not exist at all. Nowadays, the dramatic breakthrough in antibody engineering and expression technologies has promoted a considerable expansion of immunoglobulin's medical applications and is offering abzymes a unique chance to become a promising source of high-precision "catalytic va...
Source: BioEssays - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Alexey Belogurov Jr., Arina Kozyr, Natalia Ponomarenko, Alexander Gabibov Source Type: journals
Fungal incompatibility: Evolutionary origin in pathogen defense?Email this article to a colleague.
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In fungi, cell fusion between genetically unlike individuals triggers a cell death reaction known as the incompatibility reaction. In Podospora anserina, the genes controlling this process belong to a gene family encoding STAND proteins with an N-terminal cell death effector domain, a central NACHT domain and a C-terminal WD-repeat domain. These incompatibility genes are extremely polymorphic, subject to positive Darwinian selection and display a remarkable genetic plasticity allowing for constant diversification of the WD-repeat domain responsible for recognition of non-self. Remarkably, the architecture of these proteins...
Source: BioEssays - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Mathieu Paoletti, Sven J. Saupe Source Type: journals
Circadian and solar clocks interact in seasonal floweringEmail this article to a colleague.
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The plant maintains a 24-h circadian cycle that controls the sequential activation of many physiological and developmental functions. There is empirical evidence suggesting that two types of circadian rhythms exist. Some plant rhythms appear to be set by the light transition at dawn, and are calibrated to circadian (zeitgeber) time, which is measured from sunrise. Other rhythms are set by both dawn and dusk, and are calibrated to solar time that is measured from mid-day. Rhythms on circadian timing shift seasonally in tandem with the timing of dawn that occurs earlier in summer and later in winter. On the other hand, rhyth...
Source: BioEssays - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hoong-Yeet Yeang Source Type: journals
Plant-microbe symbioses: new insights into common rootsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), a type of plant-fungal endosymbiosis, and nodulation, a bacterial-plant endosymbiosis, are the most ubiquitous symbioses on earth. Recent findings have established part of a shared genetic basis underlying these interactions. Here, we approach root endosymbioses through the lens of the homology and modularity concepts aiming at further clarifying the proximate and ultimate causes for the establishment of these biological systems. We review the genetics that underlie interspecific signaling and its concomitant shift in genetic programs for either partner. Also, through the comparative analysis of...
Source: BioEssays - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Pedro T. Lima, Vitor G. Faria, Pedro Patraquim, Alessandro C. Ramos, José A. Feijó, Élio Sucena Source Type: journals
The granulin gene family: from cancer to dementiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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The growth factor progranulin (PGRN) regulates cell division, survival, and migration. PGRN is an extracellular glycoprotein bearing multiple copies of the cysteine-rich granulin motif. With PGRN family members in plants and slime mold, it represents one of the most ancient of the extracellular regulatory proteins still extant in modern animals. PRGN has multiple biological roles. It contributes to the regulation of early embryogenesis, to adult tissue repair and inflammation. Elevated PGRN levels often occur in cancers, and PGRN immunotherapy inhibits the growth of hepatic cancer xenografts in mice. Recent studies have de...
Source: BioEssays - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Andrew Bateman, Hugh P. J. Bennett Source Type: journals
Belief versus acceptance: Why do people not believe in evolution?Email this article to a colleague.
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Despite being an established and accepted scientific theory for 150 years, repeated public polls show that evolution is not believed by large numbers of people. This essay examines why people do not accept evolution and argues that its poor representation in some science textbooks allows misconceptions, established and reinforced in early childhood, to take hold. There is also a lack of up-to-date examples of evidence for evolution in school textbooks. Poor understanding by science graduates and teachers of the nature of science and incorrect definitions by them of key terminology, serve only to undermine efforts to improv...
Source: BioEssays - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: James D. Williams Source Type: journals
Cancer-associated neochromosomes: a novel mechanism of oncogenesisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Malignant tumours are often characterised by significant rearrangement of the genome. This may be visible in the form of a deranged karyotype with both loss and gain of DNA sequences extending from chromosomal regions to whole chromosomes. In several tumour types, however, gross genomic derangements are minimal, and tumour cells contain one or more additional (supernumerary) chromosomes that may be unrecognisable in terms of a single origin. In this review we term such chromosomes cancer-associated neochromosomes (CaNCs). In the absence of other identified genomic abnormalities, and because the CaNC is a common feature of ...
Source: BioEssays - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Dale W. Garsed, Andrew J. Holloway, David M. Thomas Source Type: journals
Evidence that Fgf10 contributes to the skeletal and visceral defects of an apert syndrome mouse modelEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Developmental Dynamics - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Mohammad K. Hajihosseini, Raquel Duarte, Jean Pegrum, Anne Donjacour, Eva Lana-Elola, David P. Rice, James Sharpe, Clive Dickson Source Type: journals
Chicken dapper genes are versatile markers for mesodermal tissues, embryonic muscle stem cells, neural crest cells, and neurogenic placodesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Developmental Dynamics - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lúcia Elvira Alvares, Farrah Leigh Winterbottom, Erika Cristina Jorge, Débora Rodrigues Sobreira, José Xavier-Neto, Frank Richard Schubert, Susanne Dietrich Source Type: journals
Cloning and characterization of voltage-gated calcium channel alpha1 subunits in Xenopus laevis during developmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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Voltage-gated calcium channels play a critical role in regulating the Ca2+ activity that mediates many aspects of neural development, including neural induction, neurotransmitter phenotype specification, and neurite outgrowth. Using Xenopus laevis embryos, we describe the spatial and temporal expression patterns during development of the 10 pore-forming alpha1 subunits that define the channels' kinetic properties. In situ hybridization indicates that CaV1.2, CaV2.1, CaV2.2, and CaV3.2 are expressed during neurula stages throughout the neural tube. These, along with CaV1.3 and CaV2.3, beginning at early tail bud stages, and...
Source: Developmental Dynamics - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Brittany B. Lewis, Matthew R. Wester, Lauren E. Miller, Maitreyi D. Nagarkar, M. Brittany Johnson, Margaret S. Saha Source Type: journals
Expression of the oscillating gene her1 is directly regulated by hairy/enhancer of split, T-box, and suppressor of hairless proteins in the zebrafish segmentation clockEmail this article to a colleague.
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Somites are segmental units of the mesoderm in vertebrate embryos that give rise to the axial skeleton, muscle, and dermis. Somitogenesis occurs in a periodic manner and is governed by a segmentation clock that causes cells to undergo repeated oscillations of gene expression. Here, we present a detailed analysis of cis-regulatory elements that control oscillating expression of the zebrafish her1 gene in the anterior presomitic mesoderm. We identify binding sites for Her proteins and demonstrate that they are necessary for transcriptional repression. This result confirms that direct negative autoregulation of her gene expre...
Source: Developmental Dynamics - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Tim Brend, Scott A. Holley Source Type: journals
Xenopus Rnd1 and Rnd3 GTP-binding proteins are expressed under the control of segmentation clock and required for somite formationEmail this article to a colleague.
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The process of segmentation in vertebrates is described by a clock and wavefront model consisting of a Notch signal and an fibroblast growth factor-8 (FGF8) gradient, respectively. To further investigate the segmentation process, we screened gene expression profiles for downstream targets of the segmentation clock. The Rnd1 and Rnd3 GTP-binding proteins comprise a subgroup of the Rho GTPase family that show a specific expression pattern similar to the Notch signal component ESR5, suggesting an association between Rnd1/3 and the segmentation clock. Rnd1/3 expression patterns are disrupted by overexpression of dominant-negat...
Source: Developmental Dynamics - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Tadahiro Goda, Chiyo Takagi, Naoto Ueno Source Type: journals
Identification of responsive cells in the developing somite supports a role for [beta]-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling in maintaining the DML myogenic progenitor poolEmail this article to a colleague.
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Somitic [beta]-catenin is involved in both maintaining a stem cell population and controlling myogenic differentiation. It is unclear how [beta]-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling accomplishes these disparate roles. The present study shows that only dorsal cells in the early somite respond to [beta]-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling and as the somites compartmentalize to form the dermomyotome and myotome, responding cells are detected primarily in the dorsomedial lip (DML). Forced activation of Wnt target genes in DML cells prevents their progeny from entering the myotome, while blocking activation allows myotomal entry. This s...
Source: Developmental Dynamics - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ian Brauner, Douglas B. Spicer, Catherine E. Krull, Judith M. Venuti Source Type: journals
Analysis of gene expression in PTHrP-/- mammary buds supports a role for BMP signaling and MMP2 in the initiation of ductal morphogenesisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) acts on the mammary mesenchyme and is required for proper embryonic mammary development. In order to understand PTHrP's effects on mesenchymal cells, we profiled gene expression in WT and PTHrP-/- mammary buds, and in WT and K14-PTHrP ventral skin at E15.5. By cross-referencing the differences in gene expression between these groups, we identified 35 genes potentially regulated by PTHrP in the mammary mesenchyme, including 6 genes known to be involved in BMP signaling. One of these genes was MMP2. We demonstrated that PTHrP and BMP4 regulate MMP2 gene expression and MMP2 activity...
Source: Developmental Dynamics - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Julie Hens, Pamela Dann, Minoti Hiremath, Tien-Chi Pan, Lewis Chodosh, John Wysolmerski Source Type: journals
Ind represses msh expression in the intermediate column of the Drosophila neuroectoderm, through direct interaction with upstream regulatory DNAEmail this article to a colleague.
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The Drosophila neurectoderm is initially subdivided across the dorsoventral (DV) axis into three domains that are defined by the expression of three homeodomain containing proteins. These are from ventral to dorsal: Ventral nervous system defective (vnd), Intermediate neuroblasts defective (ind) and Muscle segment homeobox (msh). This is remarkably similar to the distribution of the orthologous homeodomain proteins in the developing neural tube of mice and Zebrafish. This pattern is partially governed by a 'ventral dominance' mechanism, in which Vnd represses ind and Ind represses msh. A major unanswered question in this p...
Source: Developmental Dynamics - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Tonia Von Ohlen, Cade Moses, Will Poulson Source Type: journals
Delayed dopaminergic neuron differentiation in Lrp6 mutant miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we show that Lrp6-/- mice exhibit normal patterning, proliferation and cell death in the VM, but display a delay in the onset of DA precursor differentiation. A transient 50% reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive DA neurons and in the expression of DA markers such as Nurr1 and Pitx3, as well as a defect in midbrain morphogenesis was detected in the mutant embryos at embryonic day 11.5. Our results, therefore, suggest a role for Lrp6 in the onset of DA neuron development in the VM as well as a role in midbrain morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Source: Developmental Dynamics - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Gonçalo Castelo-Branco, Emma R. Andersson, Eleonora Minina, Kyle M. Sousa, Diogo Ribeiro, Chikara Kokubu, Kenji Imai, Nilima Prakash, Wolfgang Wurst, Ernest Arenas Source Type: journals
Identification of starmaker-like in medaka as a putative target gene of Pax2 in the otic vesicleEmail this article to a colleague.
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Otoliths in bony fishes are involved in the function of the ear in the senses of balance and hearing. In a large-scale random in situ hybridization screen of genes expressed in the medaka developing ear, we identified starmaker-like (stm-l) gene, a novel homologue of zebrafish starmaker and human dentine sialo-phosphoprotein (dspp) gene. Despite the absence of sequence similarity between these genes, here we describe their similar genomic structure and expression patterns hinting for a conserved function. In medaka fry, stm-l is expressed in various organs such as otoliths, teeth, gills, and kidney. Additionally, our resul...
Source: Developmental Dynamics - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Baubak Bajoghli, Mirana Ramialison, Narges Aghaallaei, Thomas Czerny, Joachim Wittbrodt Source Type: journals
