Neurology This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.

[In Context] News in brief
The assessment of pain by self-reporting limits our understanding of the neurophysiological processes that are associated with different pain types. Researchers have now identified a neurological signature of physical pain using functional MRI (fMRI). In a study of 114 healthy individuals (N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1388–97), fMRI was first used in a subset of participants to identify a neurological signature associated with noxious heat in the thalamus, posterior and anterior insulae, secondary somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and periaqueductal gray matter. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: The Lancet Neurology Tags: In Context Source Type: research

[Articles] Targeted use of heparin, heparinoids, or low-molecular-weight heparin to improve outcome after acute ischaemic stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
There was no evidence that patients with ischaemic stroke who were at higher risk of thrombotic events or lower risk of haemorrhagic events benefited from heparins. We were therefore unable to define a targeted approach to select the patients who would benefit from treatment with early anticoagulant therapy. We recommend that guidelines for routine or selective use of heparin in stroke should be revised. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: William N Whiteley, Harold P Adams, Philip MW Bath, Eivind Berge, Per Morten Sandset, Martin Dennis, Gordon D Murray, Ka-Sing Lawrence Wong, Peter AG Sandercock Tags: Articles Source Type: research

[Articles] Comparison of hypothermia and normothermia after severe traumatic brain injury in children (Cool Kids): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial
Hypothermia for 48 h with slow rewarming does not reduce mortality of improve global functional outcome after paediatric severe traumatic brain injury. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: P David Adelson, Stephen R Wisniewski, John Beca, S Danielle Brown, Michael Bell, J Paul Muizelaar, Pamela Okada, Sue R Beers, Goundappa K Balasubramani, Deborah Hirtz, for the Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Consortium Tags: Articles Source Type: research

[Articles] Eculizumab in AQP4-IgG-positive relapsing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: an open-label pilot study
Eculizumab seems to be well tolerated, significantly reduce attack frequency, and stabilise or improve neurological disability measures in patients with aggressive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. The apparent effects of eculizumab deserve further investigation in larger, randomised controlled studies. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Sean J Pittock, Vanda A Lennon, Andrew McKeon, Jay Mandrekar, Brian G Weinshenker, Claudia F Lucchinetti, Orna O'Toole, Dean M Wingerchuk Tags: Articles Source Type: research

[Articles] Prediction of seizure likelihood with a long-term, implanted seizure advisory system in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy: a first-in-man study
This study showed that intracranial electroencephalographic monitoring is feasible in ambulatory patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. If these findings are replicated in larger, longer studies, accurate definition of preictal electrical activity might improve understanding of seizure generation and eventually lead to new management strategies. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Mark J Cook, Terence J O'Brien, Samuel F Berkovic, Michael Murphy, Andrew Morokoff, Gavin Fabinyi, Wendyl D'Souza, Raju Yerra, John Archer, Lucas Litewka, Sean Hosking, Paul Lightfoot, Vanessa Ruedebusch, W Douglas Sheffield, David Snyder, Kent Leyde, Dav Tags: Articles Source Type: research

[Review] Non-pharmacological strategies for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke
Early recanalisation and an increase in collateral blood supply are predictors of favourable outcome in acute ischaemic stroke. Since individual responses to intravenous treatment with alteplase are heterogeneous, additional intra-arterial thrombolytic and mechanical endovascular treatment is increasingly given. Despite encouraging findings from single-centre studies, data from randomised clinical trials have not proven the hypothesis that interventional recanalisation leads to a better outcome. Advanced thrombectomy devices, the effect of ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis, and imaging-guided selection of patients outside t...
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Michael G Hennerici, Rolf Kern, Kristina Szabo Tags: Review Source Type: research

[Review] Streamlining of prehospital stroke management: the golden hour
Thrombolysis with alteplase administered within a narrow therapeutic window provides an effective therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. However, mainly because of prehospital delay, patients often arrive too late for treatment, and no more than 1–8% of patients with stroke obtain this treatment. We recommend that all links in the prehospital stroke rescue chain must be optimised so that in the future more than a small minority of patients can profit from time-sensitive acute stroke therapy. Measures for improvement include continuous public awareness campaigns, education of emergency medical service personnel, the use of s...
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Klaus Fassbender, Clotilde Balucani, Silke Walter, Steven R Levine, Anton Haass, James Grotta Tags: Review Source Type: research

[Review] Movement disorders in cerebrovascular disease
Movement disorders can occur as primary (idiopathic) or genetic disease, as a manifestation of an underlying neurodegenerative disorder, or secondary to a wide range of neurological or systemic diseases. Cerebrovascular diseases represent up to 22% of secondary movement disorders, and involuntary movements develop after 1–4% of strokes. Post-stroke movement disorders can manifest in parkinsonism or a wide range of hyperkinetic movement disorders including chorea, ballism, athetosis, dystonia, tremor, myoclonus, stereotypies, and akathisia. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Raja Mehanna, Joseph Jankovic Tags: Review Source Type: research

[Review] Tau pathology and neurodegeneration
The pathway leading from soluble and monomeric to hyperphosphorylated, insoluble and filamentous tau protein is at the centre of many human neurodegenerative diseases, collectively referred to as tauopathies. Dominantly inherited mutations in MAPT, the gene that encodes tau, cause forms of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism, proving that dysfunction of tau is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration and dementia. However, most cases of tauopathy are not inherited in a dominant manner. The first tau aggregates form in a few nerve cells in discrete brain areas. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Maria Grazia Spillantini, Michel Goedert Tags: Review Source Type: research

[In Context] A comprehensive textbook about epilepsy and its management
Worldwide, more than 50 million people are affected by epilepsy, and their management is often a challenge. During the past decade, the management of patients with epilepsy has evolved substantially, with new data for the pathophysiology of seizures and epilepsy, increasingly complex and diverse neuroimaging and electrophysiological diagnostic methods, and new anti-epileptic drugs and non-pharmacological treatments. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Sylvain Rheims, Philippe Ryvlin Tags: In Context Source Type: research

[In Context] One man and his machine
Born in 1933, evacuated from London during the Blitz, an employee of the once secret Rocket Propulsion Department, one of the inventors of MRI, a Professor despite leaving school at 16, and eventually, a Nobel Prize winner, Sir Peter Mansfield has undoubtedly achieved great things. Readers would therefore be forgiven for expecting much from his autobiography, but Mansfield's account falls sadly short of such high hopes. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Frances Whinder Tags: In Context Source Type: research

[In Context] Isidre Ferrer: a revolutionary in neuropathology
(Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Zuberoa Marcos Tags: In Context Source Type: research

[In Context] William Whiteley
(Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: The Lancet Neurology Tags: In Context Source Type: research

[In Context] March, 2013
Alzheimer's disease (Article, April)Villemange VL, Burnham S, Bourgeat P, et al. Amyloid β deposition, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: a prospective cohort study (Article, April). Lancet Neurol 2013; 12: 357–67.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Review, March)Turner MR, Hardiman O, Benatar M, et al. Controversies and priorities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12: 310–22.Genes in Alzheimer's disease (Review, Jan)Bettens K, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: The Lancet Neurology Tags: In Context Source Type: research

[Corrections] Corrections
Boeve BF. Idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder in the development of Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12: 469–82—In the appendix of this Article, the colour coding and labelling of figures were inaccurate. The appendix has been replaced as of May 16, 2013. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: The Lancet Neurology Tags: Corrections Source Type: research

[In Context] Trying to unravel the mysteries of chemobrain
As more patients live for longer after cancer treatment, oncologists and neurologists are working together to learn more about chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. David Holmes reports. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: David Holmes Tags: In Context Source Type: research

[Corrections] Corrections
Wardlaw JM, Smith C, Dichgans M. Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: insights from neuroimaging. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12: 483–97—In this Review, figures 3 and 4A, 4B, and 4C should not have the H&E×200 label, and H&E×200 should not be defined in the footnote of figure 3. Figure 4D should have the label H&E×40 and not H&E×200. The H&E×200 label should be included in figure 5 (A–D) and be defined in the footnote of figure 5. This correction has been made to the online version as of May 16, 2013. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: The Lancet Neurology Tags: Corrections Source Type: research

[Comment] Hope for a rare disease: eculizumab in neuromyelitis optica
Neuromyelitis optica (also known as Devic's syndrome) is a rare severe inflammatory CNS disorder that clinically manifests with attacks of optic neuritis and myelitis. For a long time, the disorder was thought to be a rare variant of multiple sclerosis, but the detection of a highly specific biomarker—a serum IgG antibody to the astrocytic water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4)—established that neuromyelitis optica is a distinct nosological entity, albeit with some common clinical presentations and paraclinical findings. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Friedemann Paul Tags: Comment Source Type: research

[Comment] Seizure prediction and documentation—two important problems
Epilepsy is not a disease in and of itself, but rather is a state of the brain characterised by recurrent epileptic events that occur as a result of chronic structural or functional changes in the brain. Thus, epilepsy can originate from many underlying pathological changes, including damage caused by inflammation, trauma, and vascular events. The most frequent and obvious clinical manifestations are epileptic seizures, which are characterised by a sudden and abrupt change in the patient's behaviour or perception, or both. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Christian E Elger, Florian Mormann Tags: Comment Source Type: research

[Comment] Cooling of children with severe traumatic brain injury
In this issue of The Lancet Neurology, P David Adelson and colleagues report findings from their multicentre, randomised controlled trial of therapeutic hypothermia versus normothermia in 77 children with severe traumatic brain injury. All patients were treated according to management guidelines with intracranial pressure monitoring. The interventions were complex; patients randomly allocated to therapeutic hypothermia were cooled, using cold (4°C) intravenous saline followed by surface cooling, to a target temperature of 32–33°C for 48–72 h. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: James S Hutchison, Anne-Marie Guerguerian Tags: Comment Source Type: research

[Comment] Anticoagulant therapy in acute brain ischaemia
Thrombosis plays an important part in acute ischaemic stroke, and antithrombotic therapies are a logical approach to treatment. Heparin has been advocated for acute stroke since the 1950s, and by the 1980s, patients with acute ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack were routinely treated with intravenous heparin with the aim of reducing progression of ischaemia and preventing early stroke recurrence. Since then, multiple randomised trials have tested heparins (unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and heparinoids) and other anticoagulants in acute stroke. (Source: Lancet Neurology)
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: John W Eikelboom, Robert G Hart Tags: Comment Source Type: research

[Editorial] Towards a European Brain-Health Union
The 27 member states of the European Union (EU) may disagree about most political matters these days; nevertheless, EU citizens share more concerns than their policymakers seem to concede. Affordable, high-quality care and services for patients with brain disorders is one such concern, moving up the EU public health agenda because of the relentless advocacy of the European Brain Council (EBC) and the European Federation of Neurological Associations (EFNA). These advocacy efforts are now being acknowledged and the European Commission (the EU executive body) has named May, 2013 as the first European Month of the Brain. (Sour...
Source: Lancet Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: The Lancet Neurology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Correlation between electrophysiological properties, morphological maturation, and olig gene changes during postnatal motor tract development
This study investigated electrophysiological and histological changes as well as alterations of myelin relevant proteins of descending motor tracts in rat pups. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) represent descending conducting responses following stimulation of the motor cortex to responses being elicited from the lower extremities. MEP responses were recorded bi‐weekly from postnatal (PN) week‐1 to week‐9 (adult). MEP latencies in PN week‐1 rats averaged 23.7 milliseconds and became shorter during early maturation, stabilizing at 6.6 milliseconds at PN week‐4. During maturation the conduction velocity (CV) increased...
Source: Journal of Neurobiology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Jun Cai, Yi Ping Zhang, Lisa B.E. Shields, Zoe Z. Zhang, Naiqui Lui, Xiao‐Ming Xu, Shi‐Qing Feng, Christopher B. Shields Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

The contribution of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptors to adult motor neuron survival in vivo is specific to insult type and distinct from that for embryonic motor neurons
We report here that adult onset genetic disruption of the receptors without trauma or chronic cre recombinase (Figure) does not lead to adult motor neuron death, in contrast to embryonic motor neurons. The neurons also survive axotomy and penetrating brain trauma. The data strongly suggest that the receptors protect adult motor neurons from chronic cre recombinase toxicity. (Source: The Journal of Comparative Neurology)
Source: The Journal of Comparative Neurology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Nancy Lee, Carolyn E. Rydyznski, Rachel P. Spearry, Rachel Robitz, A. John MacLennan Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

The imaging Maastricht Acute Stress Test (iMAST): A neuroimaging compatible psychophysiological stressor
Abstract Several protocols have been developed for inducing acute stress in laboratory settings. Still, effectively eliciting stress in a neuroimaging environment remains challenging. Here, we describe the evaluation of a combined physical and psychosocial stress protocol (n = 42). The imaging Maastricht Acute Stress Test (iMAST) consists of a 5‐min preparation phase and a 10‐min acute stress phase, with alternating trials of cold pressor stress generated through an advanced thermal stimulator and mental arithmetic challenges along with social‐evaluative pressure (i.e., negative feedback). Results demonstrate tha...
Source: Psychophysiology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Conny W. E. M. Quaedflieg, T. Meyer, T. Smeets Tags: Original Article Source Type: research