Neuroscience 
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.
39997 records returned
Increased [3H]D‐aspartate release and changes in glutamate receptor expression in the hippocampus of the mnd mouse
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AbstractNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of hereditary childhood diseases characterized mainly by lipopigment accumulation and a multisystemic pattern of symptoms including mental retardation, seizures, motor impairment, and blindness. The mnd mouse, carrying a mutation in the Cln8 gene, has been proposed as a model of epilepsy with mental retardation (EPMR, ornorthern epilepsy). We recently showed neuronal hyperexcitability and seizure hypersusceptibility in mnd mice. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms related to hippocampal hyperexcitability, the glutamatergic transmission and the expression of postsyn...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - February 4, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Paolo BiginiMarco MilaneseFabrizio GardoniAnnalisa LonghiTiziana BonifacinoSara BarberaElena FumagalliMonica Di LucaTiziana MenniniGiambattista Bonanno Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Aging-Caloric Restriction and BDNF-LeptinEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, the investigators found that by restricting calories in rats, DVC BDNF immunoreactive concentrations were elevated and resulting in satiety threshold stability. This indicates functional desensitization of the DVC to these signals: Karine Bédard, Stéphanie Segura, Stéphanie Mahaut, Catherine Tardivel, Guylaine Ferland, Bruno Lebrun, Pierrette Gaudreau. Effects of aging and caloric restriction on brainstem satiety center signals in rats. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2012.01.004.The authors used our BDNF Antibody to determine expression in the DVC.....goat s...
Source: Neuromics - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Cytokine signaling BDNF antibody Brian Derived Neurotrophic Factors Autonomic nervous system Neurotrophins Leptin antibody Dorsal vagal complex Source Type: news
[Report] Abnormal Brain Structure Implicated in Stimulant Drug AddictionEmail this article to a colleague.
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A neurological marker of addiction vulnerability occurs in sibling pairs who do not take drugs.Authors: Karen D. Ersche, P. Simon Jones, Guy B. Williams, Abigail J Turton, Trevor W. Robbins, Edward T. Bullmore (Source: Science: Current Issue)
Source: Science: Current Issue - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Karen D. Ersche Source Type: research
[Brevia] Nanoscopy in a Living Mouse BrainEmail this article to a colleague.
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Super high-resolution microscopy resolves neuron dynamics in the cerebral cortex of a living mouse.Authors: Sebastian Berning, Katrin I. Willig, Heinz Steffens, Payam Dibaj, Stefan W. Hell (Source: Science: Current Issue)
Source: Science: Current Issue - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Sebastian Berning Source Type: research
[Perspective] Neuroscience: To Stop or Not to Stop?Email this article to a colleague.
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Does chronic drug abuse cause brain abnormalities, or do they develop before the onset of dependence?Authors: Nora D. Volkow, Ruben D. Baler (Source: Science: Current Issue)
Source: Science: Current Issue - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Nora D. Volkow Source Type: research
The Science of Concussion and Brain InjuryEmail this article to a colleague.
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How medicine, sports and society are trying to heal and protect the brains of millions amidst the growing awareness of the long-lasting effects of traumatic head injury [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Ethics,Mind Brain,Physics,Society Policy,Everyday Science,More Science,Science Education,Language Linguistics,Addiction Recovery,Neurological Disorders,Neuroscience,Psychiatry,Psychology,Thought Cognition,Biology,Health Source Type: research
Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ prompts astroglia to moderate synaptic network activity.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Over the past decade, rapid signal exchange between astroglia and neurons across the interstitial space emerged as an essential element of synaptic circuit functioning in the brain. How and where exactly this exchange occurs in various physiological scenarios and the underlying cellular cascades remain a subject of intense study. The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid are thought to be the primary signal carriers that are regularly dispatched by active synapses to engage target receptors and transporters on the surface of astrocytes. New evidence ...
Source: Science Signaling - February 3, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Rusakov DA Tags: Sci Signal Source Type: research
Extracellular Ca2+ acts as a mediator of communication from neurons to glia.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Defining the pathways through which neurons and astrocytes communicate may contribute to the elucidation of higher central nervous system functions. We investigated the possibility that decreases in extracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)](e)) that occur during synaptic transmission might mediate signaling from neurons to glia. Using noninvasive photolysis of the photolabile Ca(2+) buffer diazo-2 {N-[2-[2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-5-(diazoacetyl)phenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methylphenyl]-N-(carboxymethyl)-, tetrapotassium salt} to reduce [Ca(2+)](e) or caged glutamate to simulate glutamatergic transmissio...
Source: Science Signaling - February 3, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Torres A, Wang F, Xu Q, Fujita T, Dobrowolski R, Willecke K, Takano T, Nedergaard M Tags: Sci Signal Source Type: research
Guardian Open Weekend: two days of smashing science and technologyEmail this article to a colleague.
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We're throwing open our doors on 24 and 25 March to host talks and debates about the frontiers of particle physics, neuroscience and the law, and host masterclasses on podcasting, journalism, web tools and photographyDo you have a burning question about the Higgs boson, supersymmetry or the standard of the coffee in the canteen at the home of the Large Hadron Collider near Geneva? On Sunday 25 March as part the Guardian's Open Weekend, three scientists at the cutting edge of physics will be on hand to answer all the most basic or esoteric questions that may have built up in your mind (where they might well be burning a hol...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Alok Jha Tags: Cern Particle physics Neuroscience Law Technology guardian.co.uk Blogposts Source Type: news
Link Between Insulin Resistance And Brain Health In ElderlyEmail this article to a colleague.
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New research from Uppsala University shows that reduced insulin sensitivity is linked to smaller brain size and deteriorated language skills in seniors. The findings are now published in the scientific journal Diabetes Care. The main hormonal function of insulin is to support the uptake and use of glucose in muscles and fat tissues. However, in an earlier article recently published in Molecular Neurobiology, Christian Benedict from the Department of Neuroscience at Uppsala University has reported that when insulin reaches the brain, it enhances memory function in humans... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - February 3, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Diabetes Source Type: news
Language and human nature:kurt goldstein's neurolinguistic foundation of a holistic philosophyEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article will discuss the work of Kurt Goldstein, who is known for both his groundbreaking contributions to neuropsychology and his holistic philosophy of human nature. By focusing on Goldstein's neurolinguistic research, I want to reconstruct the empirical foundations of his holistic program without ignoring its cultural background. In this sense, Goldstein's work provides a case study for the formation of a scientific theory through the complex interplay between specific empirical evidences and the general cultural developments of the Weimar Republic. (Source: Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences)
Source: Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences - February 3, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: DAVID LUDWIG Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Rapid synaptic potentiation within the anterior cingulate cortex mediates trace fear learningEmail this article to a colleague.
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Although the cortex has been extensively studied in long-term memory storage, less emphasis has been placed on immediate cortical contributions to fear memory formation. AMPA receptor plasticity is strongly implicated in learning and memory, and studies have identified calcium permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) as mediators of synaptic strengthening. Trace fear learning engages the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), but whether plastic events occur within the ACC in response to trace fear learning, and whether GluN2B subunits are required remains unknown. Here we show that the ACC is necessary for trace fear learning, and ...
Source: Molecular Brain - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Giannina DescalziXiang-Yao LiTao ChenValentina MercaldoKohei KogaMin Zhuo Source Type: research
Cellular mechanisms of plasmalemmal sealing and axonal repair by polyethylene glycol and methylene blueEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report that endogenous sealing in both preparations is enhanced by Ca2+‐containing solutions and is decreased by Ca2+‐free solutions containing antioxidants such as dithiothreitol (DTT), melatonin (MEL), methylene blue (MB), and various toxins that decrease vesicular interactions. In contrast, the fusogen polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 10–50 mM artificially seals the cut ends of B104 cells and rat sciatic axons within seconds and is not affected by Ca2+ or any of the substances that affect endogenous sealing. At higher concentrations, PEG decreases sealing of transected axons and disrupts the plasmalemma of intact c...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: C.S. SpaethT. RobisonJ.D. FanG.D. Bittner Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Rapid, effective, and long‐lasting behavioral recovery produced by microsutures, methylene blue, and polyethylene glycol after completely cutting rat sciatic nervesEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report that, after complete cut‐ or crush‐severance of rat sciatic nerves, morphological continuity, action potential conduction, and behavioral functions can be consistently (>98% of trials), rapidly (minutes to days), dramatically (70–85% recovery), and chronically restored and some Wallerian degeneration prevented. We assess axoplasmic and axolemmal continuity by intra‐axonal dye diffusion and action potential conduction across the lesion site and amount of behavioral recovery by Sciatic Functional Index and Foot Fault tests. We apply well‐specified sequences of solutions containing FDA‐approved chemic...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: G.D. BittnerC.P. KeatingJ.R. KaneJ.M. BrittC.S. SpaethJ.D. FanA. ZuzekR.W. WilcottW.P. ThayerJ.M. WinogradF. Gonzalez‐LimaT. Schallert Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Ischemic tolerance in the brain: Endogenous adaptive machinery against ischemic stressEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractAlthough more than 100 drugs have been examined clinically, tissue plasminogen activator remains the only drug approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Since the discovery of ischemic tolerance, it has been widely recognized that the brain possesses an endogenous protective machinery to protect against ischemic stress. Recent studies have clarified that both the upregulation of neuroprotective signaling and the downregulation of inflammatory or apoptotic pathways are involved equally in the acquisition of ischemic tolerance. The triggering stimuli for ischemic stresses are divided into hypoxic, oxidant/...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kazuo Kitagawa Tags: Review Source Type: research
Levodopa influences striatal activity but does not affect cortical hyper‐activity in Parkinson’s diseaseEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractMotor studies of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have shown cortical hypo‐activity in relation to nigrostriatal dopamine depletion. Cognitive studies also identified increased cortical activity in PD. We have previously suggested that the hypo‐activity/hyper‐activity patterns observed in PD are related to the striatal contribution. Tasks that recruit the striatum in control participants are associated with cortical hypo‐activity in patients with PD, whereas tasks that do not result in cortical hyper‐activity. The putamen, a structure affected by the neurodegeneration observed in PD, shows increased activation ...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: K. MartinuC. DegrootC. MadjarA. P. StrafellaO. Monchi Source Type: research
Conference focuses on vaccines for chronic diseasesEmail this article to a colleague.
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(University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston) At a symposium sponsored by the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston and scheduled for Feb. 7-9, an international group of researchers will discuss development of vaccines for addiction, cancer, chronic infectious diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - February 3, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news
A new study shows how to boost the power of pain relief, without drugsEmail this article to a colleague.
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(Association for Psychological Science) Placebos reduce pain by creating an expectation of relief. Distraction -- say, doing a puzzle -- relieves it by keeping the brain busy. But do they use the same brain processes? Neuromaging suggests they do. When applying a placebo, scientists see activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. That's the part of the brain that controls high-level cognitive functions like working memory and attention -- which is what you use to do that distracting puzzle. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - February 3, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news
Could an Infection Cause Tourette's-Like Symptoms in Teenage Girls?Email this article to a colleague.
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Over the weekend Erin Brockovich made the news yet again as she and her nonprofit team descended on the village of Le Roy, N.Y., determined to test for environmental toxins that might be giving the town's teenagers symptoms of Tourette's syndrome. She has reportedly been stonewalled thus far by local officials, who have already ruled out toxins as the cause of last October's sudden outbreak of tics and involuntary movements in 12 girls who attend Le Roy Junior–Senior High School. An environmental testing company surveyed the air and water and found nothing amiss, and a local neurologist concluded upon exa...
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - February 2, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Health,Infectious Diseases,Everyday Science,Energy & Sustainability,Environment,Physics Source Type: research
Controversy: Can Repeat Concussions Cause Lou Gehrig's Disease? (preview)Email this article to a colleague.
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Kevin Turner was a premier athlete in the National Football League, a fullback who could run, catch and block. At 6' 1" and roughly 230 pounds, he was slightly undersized for his position, but he had tremendous thrust in his legs and used all of it to launch himself into players who were bigger than he was. He played for the New England Patriots from 1992 to 1994, then joined the Philadelphia Eagles, with whom he stayed until his abrupt retirement in 1999. Some called him “the Collision Expert”--a nickname he got because of the gouges he collected on his helmet. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - February 2, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Health,Mind & Brain,Infectious Diseases,More Science,Neurological Disorders,Neuroscience,Biology,Society Policy Source Type: research
Inside Story: What Happens When Brain Hits SkullEmail this article to a colleague.
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Concussion, the most common among traumatic brain injuries, which occurs 1.7 million times a year in the U.S., represents a major public-health problem. It occurs when there is a sudden acceleration or deceleration of the head, a process depicted here in this animation. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - February 2, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Health,Neuroscience,Everyday Science,More Science,Science Education,Biology,Mind Source Type: research
Astrocytes build blood vessel scaffolds for long distance neuron migrations | Mo Costandi | Neurophilosophy blogEmail this article to a colleague.
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Star-shaped cells called astrocytes build blood vessel highways for migrating neuronsThe journey undertaken by newborn neurons in the adult mouse brain is like the cellular equivalent of the arduous upstream migration of salmon returning to their hatching river. Soon after being born in the subventricular zone near the back of the brain, these cells embark on a long-distance migration to the front-most tip of the brain. Their final destination – the olfactory bulb – is the furthest point from their birth place, and they travel two-thirds of the length of the brain to get there.Several years ago, a team of researchers f...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 2, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Mo Costandi Tags: Neuroscience Biology guardian.co.uk Blogposts Source Type: news
Early olfactory experience induces structural changes in the primary olfactory center of an insect brainEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractThe antennal lobe (AL) is the first olfactory center of the insect brain and is constituted of different functional units, the glomeruli. In the AL, odors are coded as spatiotemporal patterns of glomerular activity. In honeybees, olfactory learning during early adulthood modifies neural activity in the AL on a long‐term scale and also enhances later memory retention. By means of behavioral experiments, we first verified that olfactory learning between the fifth and eighth day of adulthood induces better retention performances at a late adult stage than the same experience acquired before or after this period. We ...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 2, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. ArenasM. GiurfaJ. C. SandozB. HourcadeJ. M. DevaudW. M. Farina Source Type: research
Association of childhood family environments with the risk of social withdrawal (‘hikikomori’) in the community population in JapanEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions: Our findings suggest that hikikomori cases are more likely to occur in families where the parents have high levels of education. Maternal panic disorder may be another risk factor for children to develop hikikomori. (Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences)
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - February 2, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Maki UmedaNorito Kawakami Source Type: research
Aripiprazole may be free from tachyphylaxis: Preliminary findingsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Loss of antipsychotic efficacy (tachyphylaxis), possibly linked to an increase in D2 receptor number and sensitivity, is a significant impediment to treatment in chronic schizophrenia patients. Animal studies, however, suggest that aripiprazole may be free from tachyphylaxis. The aim of the present study was to investigate this hypothesis. In this preliminary study, aripiprazole‐treated patients were retrospectively investigated for the presence or absence of tachyphylaxis. Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement (CGI‐I) scores did not significantly change and there was no significant association of CGI scores with fi...
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - February 2, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shinjiro GotoTakeshi TeraoMasaru TomitaNaohisa Uchimura Source Type: research
Right hemispheric dominance and interhemispheric cooperation in gaze‐triggered reflexive shift of attentionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion: The right hemisphere appears to be dominant, and there is interhemispheric cooperation in gaze‐triggered reflexive shift of attention. (Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences)
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - February 2, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Takashi OkadaWataru SatoYasutaka KubotaMotomi ToichiToshiya Murai Source Type: research
Untangling the mysteries of Alzheimer'sEmail this article to a colleague.
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(University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston) Researchers have found new evidence that confirms the significance of a protein that neuroscientists call tau to the development of Alzheimer's disease. While earlier studies have focused on tau's aggregation into twisted structures known as "neurofibrillary tangles," the new work emphasizes intermediary steps between single protein units and the much larger tangles - small assemblages of two, three, four or more proteins, which the investigators believe are the most toxic entities in Alzheimer's. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - February 2, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news
Study flags over-reliance on computer tests in return-to-plan decisions after concussionEmail this article to a colleague.
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(Indiana University) A new study by researchers at Indiana University-Purdue University Columbus and Pace University is critical of the widespread use of computerized neuropsychological tests in decisions regarding when athletes can return to play after suffering a concussion. The study points to inadequate levels of reliability and validity in the tests; their strain on brains that should be resting; and the fact that they miss elements that could be more important to recovery. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - February 2, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news
Science Shows How Massage Eases Sore MusclesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Getting one post-workout can spur cellular processes that cut inflammation and pain (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Neurology)
Source: The Doctors Lounge - Neurology - February 1, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: webmaster at doctorslounge.com Tags: Family Medicine, Neurology, Rheumatology, Sports Medicine, Alternative Medicine, Emergency Medicine, News, Source Type: news
New Map Shows that Most Lyme-Infected Ticks Are in Northeast, Northern MidwestEmail this article to a colleague.
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Female blacklegged tick courtesy of Graham Hickling/University of Tennessee Lyme disease is notoriously tough to diagnose. The symptoms often don’t appear for one or two weeks after a bite and can vary from feeling flu-ish to longer-term neurological damage. And ticks seem to lie in wait throughout much of the U.S., prepared to pounce and infect a passerby. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - February 1, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Evolution,Health,More Science Source Type: research
Certain Neurons Respond Specifically to AnimalsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Whether cute and cuddly or fierce and frightening, animals affect the brain in ways scientists are just starting to appreciate. In a study of people who had electrodes implanted in their brain for the treatment of epilepsy, an international team discovered neurons that respond specifically to animals. The 41 individuals in the study were shown picturesof recognizable landmarks, objects, animals and people for about one second each as tiny electrodes measured the activity of individual neurons in three regions of their brain. When the researchers analyzed the electrical data from the 400 to 550 neurons in each region, they ...
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - February 1, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Psychology,Neuroscience,Society Policy,More Science Source Type: research
Concussion Is a Serious Problem for Child AthletesEmail this article to a colleague.
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The dangers of life in the National Football League made headlines in 2009, when a study commissioned by the NFL found that retired players were 19 times more likely than other men of similar ages to develop severe memory problems. The obvious culprit: continued play after repeated head injuries. Indeed, head injury can imitate many types of neurodegenerative disease, including Parkinson’s disease and, as journalist Jeffrey Bartholet reports in “The Collision Syndrome,” on page 66, perhaps even amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig’s disease. [More] (Source: Scientific Am...
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - February 1, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Health,Mind & Brain,Ethics,More Science,Neurological Disorders,Neuroscience,Biology,Society Policy Source Type: research
Secrets of the inner voice unlockedEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion
This study of 15 people undergoing brain surgery has demonstrated a method of reconstructing the sound of a heard word using only the signals obtained from the brain. This study represents an important progression in the field of speech reconstruction, which has the potential to improve the lives of many who suffer from speech difficulties in the future.
But the words, when reconstructed, were not of good enough quality to be recognised by a human listener when played. The words could only be identified when the original and reconstructed sound patterns were compared visually. The researchers suggest that improv...
Source: NHS News Feed - February 1, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Neurology Source Type: news
ContentsEmail this article to a colleague.
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(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Editorial Board/Title PageEmail this article to a colleague.
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(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cover FigureEmail this article to a colleague.
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(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Retroperitoneal Bronchogenic Cyst Mimicking Hydatid Liver: A Case ReportEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report a case of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst below the right hemidiaphragm mimicking a hydatid cyst of the liver in a 30-year-old female. (Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience)
Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Extinction reveals that primary sensory cortex predicts reinforcement outcomeEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractPrimary sensory cortices are traditionally regarded as stimulus analysers. However, studies of associative learning‐induced plasticity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) indicate involvement in learning, memory and other cognitive processes. For example, the area of representation of a tone becomes larger for stronger auditory memories and the magnitude of area gain is proportional to the degree that a tone becomes behaviorally important. Here, we used extinction to investigate whether ‘behavioral importance’ specifically reflects a sound’s ability to predict reinforcement (reward or punishment) vs. to pre...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kasia M. BieszczadNorman M. Weinberger Source Type: research
Circadian type and mood seasonality in adolescentsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, the relationship between circadian preference and mood seasonality in adolescents. To this end, 1539 participants (881 female; 658 male) completed the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents and the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents to determine circadian preference and mood seasonality, respectively. Evening types achieved significantly higher mood seasonality scores than intermediate and morning types, as intermediates did than morning types. Agreeing with previous studies on young adults...
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lorenzo TonettiMarco FabbriMonica MartoniVincenzo Natale Source Type: research
Facts, Theories, Values: Shaping the Course of Neurorehabilitation. The 60th John Stanley Coulter Memorial LectureEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract:
Cicerone KD. Facts, theories, values: shaping the course of neurorehabilitation. The 60th John Stanley Coulter memorial lecture.
We have seen an increase in efforts to establish evidence-based parameters for the practice of rehabilitation. This effort has been placed in a broader context involving the role of theory in advancing rehabilitation science, particularly in relation to specifying the active ingredients and mechanisms of action of interventions. One approach to cognitive rehabilitation is through direct training of cognitive functions such as working memory, which purportedly relies on mechanisms of ne...
Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - February 1, 2012 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Keith D. Cicerone Tags: The John Stanley Coulter Memorial Lecture Source Type: research
Prevention of Stress-Impaired Fear Extinction Through Neuropeptide S Action in the Lateral AmygdalaEmail this article to a colleague.
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cher
& Hans-Christian Pape
Keywords: neuropeptides; mood/anxiety/stress disorders; behavioral science; biological psychiatry; fear extinction; amygdala; neuropeptide s; restraint stress (Source: Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: Neuropsychopharmacology - February 1, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Frédéric ChauveauMaren Denise LangeKay JünglingJörg LestingThomas SeidenbecherHans-Christian Pape Tags: neuropeptides mood/anxiety/stress disorders behavioral science biological psychiatry fear extinction amygdala neuropeptide s restraint stress Source Type: research
Differential Effects of Cocaine on Dopamine Neuron Firing in Awake and Anesthetized RatsEmail this article to a colleague.
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& Vincent Seutin
Keywords: dopamine; addiction & substance abuse; behavioral science; neurophysiology; electrophysiology; telemetry; cocaine (Source: Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: Neuropsychopharmacology - February 1, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Stanislav KoulchitskyBenjamin De BackerEtienne QuertemontCorinne CharlierVincent Seutin Tags: dopamine addiction & substance abuse behavioral science neurophysiology electrophysiology telemetry cocaine Source Type: research
Why the brain is more reluctant to function as we ageEmail this article to a colleague.
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(University of Bristol) New findings, led by neuroscientists at the University of Bristol and published this week in the journal Neurobiology of Aging, reveal a novel mechanism through which the brain may become more reluctant to function as we grow older. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - February 1, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news
The differential modulation of the ventral premotor–motor interaction during movement initiation is deficient in patients with focal hand dystoniaEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractA major feature of focal hand dystonia (FHD) pathophysiology is the loss of inhibition. One inhibitory process, surround inhibition, for which the cortical mechanisms are still unknown, is abnormal in FHD. As the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) plays a key role in the sensorimotor processing involved in shaping finger movements and has many projections onto the primary motor cortex (M1), we hypothesized that the PMv–M1 connections might play a role in surround inhibition. A paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm was used in order to evaluate and compare the PMv–M1 interactions during different ...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Elise HoudayerSandra BeckAnke KarabanovBrach PostonMark Hallett Source Type: research
Non‐linear input–output properties of the cortical networks mediating TMS‐induced short‐interval intracortical inhibition in humansEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractThe effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on post‐discharge histograms of single motor units in the first dorsal interosseous have been tested to estimate the input–output properties of cortical network‐mediating short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) to pyramidal cells of the human primary motor cortex. SICI was studied using the paired pulse paradigm (2‐ms interval): test TMS intensity was varied to evoke peaks of different size in post‐discharge histograms, reflecting the corticospinal excitatory post‐synaptic potential in the relevant spinal motoneuron, and conditioning TMS in...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Alexandra Lackmy‐ValleeLouis‐Solal GiboinVéronique Marchand‐Pauvert Tags: NEUROSYSTEMS Source Type: research
Adaptation in the auditory midbrain of the barn owl (Tyto alba) induced by tonal double stimulationEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractDuring hunting, the barn owl typically listens to several successive sounds as generated, for example, by rustling mice. As auditory cells exhibit adaptive coding, the earlier stimuli may influence the detection of the later stimuli. This situation was mimicked with two double‐stimulus paradigms, and adaptation was investigated in neurons of the barn owl’s central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. Each double‐stimulus paradigm consisted of a first or reference stimulus and a second stimulus (probe). In one paradigm (second level tuning), the probe level was varied, whereas in the other paradigm (inter‐sti...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Martin SingheiserRoland FergerMark von CampenhausenHermann Wagner Tags: NEUROSYSTEMS Source Type: research
Archer fish fast hunting maneuver may be guided by directionally selective retinal ganglion cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractArcher fish are known for their unique hunting method, where one fish in a group shoots down an insect with a jet of water while all the other fish are observing the prey’s motion. To reap its reward, the archer fish must reach the prey before its competitors. This requires fast computation of the direction of motion of the prey, which enables the fish to initiate a turn towards the prey with an accuracy of 99%, at about 100 ms after the prey is shot. We explored the hypothesis that direction‐selective retinal ganglion cells may underlie this rapid processing. We quantified the degree of directional selectivi...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Vadim TsvillingOpher DonchinMaoz ShamirRonen Segev Tags: NEUROSYSTEMS Source Type: research
Increased stress reactivity is associated with reduced hippocampal activity and neuronal integrity along with changes in energy metabolismEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractPatients suffering from major depression have repeatedly been reported to have dysregulations in hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity along with deficits in cognitive processes related to hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) malfunction. Here, we utilized three mouse lines selectively bred for high (HR), intermediate, or low (LR) stress reactivity, determined by the corticosterone response to a psychological stressor, probing the behavioral and functional consequences of increased vs. decreased HPA axis reactivity on the hippocampus and PFC. We assessed performance in hippocampus‐ and PFC‐d...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Alana KnapmanSebastian F. KaltwasserDaniel Martins‐de‐SouzaFlorian HolsboerRainer LandgrafChristoph W. TurckMichael CzischChadi Touma Source Type: research
Linking cerebral metabolic function to stress vulnerability (Commentary on Knapman et al.)Email this article to a colleague.
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(Source: European Journal of Neuroscience)
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: James P. HermanDiana LindquistRichard A. Komoroski Tags: COMMENTARY Source Type: research
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor‐mediated effects on mitochondrial respiratory coupling and neuroprotection share the same molecular signalling pathwaysEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractIntracerebral injection of ibotenate into mouse pups induced grey matter lesions and white matter cysts; co‐administration of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) produced a dose‐dependent reduction in these lesions. In contrast, glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) had no significant effect, whereas nerve growth factor (NGF) or interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) resulted in dose‐dependent exacerbation. The neuroprotective effects of BDNF were abolished by co‐administration of anti‐BDNF antibody or MEK inhibitors, or ABT‐737, a BH3 mimetic and Bcl‐2 antagonist. The actions of BDNF, GDN...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 1, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Anthony MarkhamIan CameronRasneer BainsPaul FranklinJanos P. KissLeslie SchwendimannPierre GressensMichael Spedding Tags: MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE Source Type: research
