Neuroscience 
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.
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Concert Viewing Headphones
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An audiovisual interface equipped with a projector, an inclina-tion sensor, and a distance sensor for zoom control has been developed that enables a user to selectively view and listen to specific performers in a video-taped group performance. Dubbed Concert Viewing Headphones, it has both image and sound processing functions. The image processing extracts the portion of the image indicated by the user and projects it free of distortion on the front and side walls. The sound processing creates imaginary microphones for those performers without one so that the user can hear the sound from any performer. Testing using images...
Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - February 7, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Numerical Simulation of Density Current Evolution in a Diverging ChannelEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study seeks to explore the ability of 2D width-averaged unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation approach for resolving density currents in an inclined diverging channel. 2D width-averaged unsteady RANS equations closed by a buoyancy-modified k−ε turbulence model are integrated in time with a second-order fractional step approach coupled with a direct implicit method and discretized in space on a staggered mesh using a second-order accurate finite volume approach incorporating a high-resolution semi-Lagrangian technique for the convective terms. A series of 2D width-averaged unsteady si...
Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - February 7, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Interspinous Spacer Implant in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Preliminary Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled TrialEmail this article to a colleague.
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A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted to compare clinical outcomes in patients treated with an investigational interspinous spacer (Superion) versus those treated with an FDA-approved spacer (X-STOP). One hundred sixty-six patients with moderate lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) unresponsive to conservative care were treated randomly with the Superion (n=80) or X-STOP (n=86) interspinous spacer. Study subjects were followed through 6 months posttreatment. Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ) symptom severity scores improved 30% with Superion and 25% with X-STOP (both P<0.001). Similar changes w...
Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - February 7, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
How Reading Books Fosters Language Development around the WorldEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article reviews research on the connections between language and later reading, environmental factors associated with language learning, and interventions developed in varied countries for encouraging book use by parents of young children. (Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience)
Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - February 7, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
About Nodal Systems for Lagrange Interpolation on the CircleEmail this article to a colleague.
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We study the convergence of the Laurent polynomials of Lagrange interpolation on the unit circle for continuous functions satisfying a condition about their modulus of continuity. The novelty of the result is that now the nodal systems are more general than those constituted by the n roots of complex unimodular numbers and the class of functions is different from the usually studied. Moreover, some consequences for the Lagrange interpolation on [-1,1] and the Lagrange trigonometric interpolation are obtained. (Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience)
Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - February 7, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Emergency Department Crowding: Time for Interventions and Policy EvaluationsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This paper summarises the consequences of emergency department crowding. It provides a comparison of the scales used to measure emergency department crowding. We discuss the multiple causes of crowding and present an up-to-date literature review of the interventions that reduce the adverse consequences of crowding. We consider interventions at the level of an individual hospital and a policy level. (Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience)
Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - February 7, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Developing a Fuzzy Logic Based on Demand Multicast Routing ProtocolEmail this article to a colleague.
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Multicast routing is an efficient method to lead data packets from one source group to several nodes as destination group. Although multicast routing algorithms could be efficient in many situations but their routing mechanism like as route request flooding packets likely results in poor performance in comparison to unicast routing algorithms. In this research, two efficient methods are proposed to improve the performance of On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP). The main proposed method tries to establish a small, efficient, and high-quality forwarding group. This is achieved by augmenting the Join Query packets wi...
Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - February 7, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Dynamic Analysis of an Impulsively Controlled Predator-Prey Model with Holling Type IV Functional ResponseEmail this article to a colleague.
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The dynamic behavior of a predator-prey model with Holling type IV functional response is investigated with respect to impulsive control strategies. The model is analyzed to obtain the conditions under which the system is locally asymptotically stable and permanent. Existence of a positive periodic solution of the system and the boundedness of the system is also confirmed. Furthermore, numerical analysis is used to discover the influence of impulsive perturbations. The system is found to exhibit rich dynamics such as symmetry-breaking pitchfork bifurcation, chaos, and nonunique dynamics. (Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience)
Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - February 7, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
On the Solution of Double-Diffusive Convective Flow due to a Cone by a Linearization MethodEmail this article to a colleague.
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The paper details the use of a nonperturbation successive linearization method to solve the coupled nonlinear boundary value problem due to double-diffusive convection from an inverted cone. Diffusion-thermo and thermal-diffusion effects have been taken into account. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using a suitable similarity transformation. The SLM is based on successively linearizing the governing nonlinear boundary layer equations and solving the resulting higher-order deformation equations using spectral methods. The results are compared with the limited...
Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - February 7, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Rapid Heterotrophic Ossification with Cryopreserved Poly(ethylene glycol-) Microencapsulated BMP2-Expressing MSCsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study we used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their ease of harvest, replication potential, and immunomodulatory capabilities. MSCs were from sheep and pig due to their appeal as large animal models for bone nonunion. We demonstrated that cryopreservation of these microencapsulated MSCs did not affect their cell viability, adenoviral BMP2 production, or ability to initiate bone formation. Additionally, microspheres showed no appreciable damage from cryopreservation when examined with light and electron microscopy. These results validate the use of cryopreservation in preserving the viability and functionality ...
Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - February 7, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
High Levels of Sequence Diversity in the 5′ UTRs of Human-Specific L1 ElementsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Approximately 80 long interspersed element (LINE-1 or L1) copies are able to retrotranspose actively in the human genome, and these are termed retrotransposition-competent L1s. The 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the human-specific L1 contains an internal promoter and several transcription factor binding sites. To better understand the effect of the L1 5′ UTR on the evolution of human-specific L1s, we examined this population of elements, focusing on the sequence diversity and accumulated substitutions within their 5′ UTRs. Using network analysis, we estimated the age of each L1 component (the 5′...
Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - February 7, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Magic mushrooms, international law and the failed 'war on drugs'Email this article to a colleague.
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Recent research suggesting potential therapeutic benefits of psilocybin focus attention on the need to reform drug lawsIt's been a busy fortnight. First the publication of two major peer-reviewed research papers about magic mushrooms that attracted worldwide publicity. Then off to Prague for an international drugs policy symposium. And just last week, news of a large grant for our next collaborative study with Imperial College. But I'm getting ahead of myself.I established the Beckley Foundation some 14 years ago as a think tank on drugs policy. It was apparent even then that the "war on drugs" had failed. A 1997 report by...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 6, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Amanda Feilding Tags: Drugs Neuroscience Mental health Society Drugs policy Politics Drugs trade guardian.co.uk Comment Source Type: news
Cracks in the Plaques: Mysteries of Alzheimer's Slowly Yielding to New ResearchEmail this article to a colleague.
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This has been a big week in Alzheimer's news as scientists put together a clearer picture than ever before of how the disease affects the brain. Three recently published studies have detected the disease with new technologies, hinted at its prevalence, and described at last how it makes its lethal progress through the brain. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - February 6, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Neuroscience,Medical Technology,Neurological Disorders Source Type: research
Neuronal transplants for treatment of obesityEmail this article to a colleague.
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There are many different factors which go into whether animals (or humans) develop obesity and diabetes. Different sensitivity to different chemicals, in different areas of the body and brain, can cause major differences in feeding behavior, body weight, fat, and insulin sensitivity. And now we’ve learned that changes in one circuit of the hypothalamus could make a big difference in a certain kind of obesity in mice. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - February 6, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain Source Type: research
Wnt proteins regulate acetylcholine receptor clustering in muscle cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
These results identify Wnts as new players in AChR cluster formation, which acts in a manner that requires both MuSK and LRP4, revealing a novel function of LRP4. (Source: Molecular Brain)
Source: Molecular Brain - February 6, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Bin ZhangChuan LiangRyan BatesYimin YinWen-Cheng XiongLin Mei Source Type: research
Adaptation as a mechanism for gain control in cockroach ON and OFF olfactory receptor neuronsEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractIn many sensory systems adaptation acts as a gain control mechanism that optimizes sensory performance by trading increased sensitivity to low stimulus intensity for decreased sensitivity to high stimulus intensity. Adaptation of insect antennal olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) has been studied for strong odour concentrations, either pulsed or constant. Here, we report that during slowly oscillating changes in the concentration of the odour of lemon oil, the ON and OFF ORNs on the antenna of the cockroach Periplaneta americana adapt to the actual odour concentration and the rate at which concentration changes. Whe...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 6, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Maria BurgstallerHarald Tichy Source Type: research
Inactivation of the central nucleus of the amygdala reduces the effect of punishment on cocaine self‐administration in ratsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study was aimed at testing the hypothesis that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeN) plays a critical role in such regulation. To this end, rats were trained to press a lever to self‐administer cocaine under a chained schedule: a response on one lever (cocaine‐seeking lever) led to access to the other lever (cocaine‐taking lever), on which a response was reinforced by cocaine and cues. Thereafter, responses on the seeking lever were punished by footshock with a probability of 0.5. Cocaine self‐administration (SA) was significantly suppressed by punishment in an intensity‐dependent manner. Interestingly, ...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 6, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: YueQiang XueJeffery D. SteketeeWenLin Sun Source Type: research
Unconscious response priming by shape depends on geniculostriate visual projectionEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractIt has been suggested that unconscious visual processing of some stimulus features might occur without the contribution of early visual cortex (V1/V2). In the present study, the causal role of V1/V2 in unconscious processing of simple shapes in intact human brain was studied by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on early visual cortex or lateral occipital cortex (LO) while observers performed a metacontrast‐masked response priming task with arrow figures as visual stimuli. Magnetic stimulation of V1/V2 impaired masked priming 30–90 ms after the onset of the prime. Stimulation of LO reduced the m...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 6, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mika KoivistoLinda HenrikssonAntti RevonsuoHenry Railo Source Type: research
Dendritic calcium mechanisms and long‐term potentiation in cortical inhibitory interneuronsEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractCalcium (Ca2+) is a major second messenger in the regulation of different forms of synaptic and intrinsic plasticity. Tightly organized in space and time, postsynaptic Ca2+ transients trigger the activation of many distinct Ca2+ signaling cascades, providing a means for a highly specific signal transduction and plasticity induction. High‐resolution two‐photon microscopy combined with highly sensitive synthetic Ca2+ indicators in brain slices allowed for the quantification and analysis of postsynaptic Ca2+ dynamics in great detail. Much of our current knowledge about postsynaptic Ca2+ mechanisms is derived from ...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 6, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lisa Topolnik Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Interactions of odorants with olfactory receptors and receptor neurons match the perceptual dynamics observed for woody and fruity odorant mixturesEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractThe present study aimed to create a direct bridge between observations on peripheral and central responses to odorant mixtures and their components. Three experiments were performed using mixtures of fruity (isoamyl acetate; ISO) and woody (whiskey lactone; WL) odorants known to contribute to some of the major notes in Burgundy red wine. These experiments consisted of (i) calcium imaging of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) transfected with olfactory receptors (ORs); (ii) single‐unit electrophysiological recordings from olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and analyses of electro‐olfactogram (EOG) responses i...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 6, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. A. ChaputF. El MountassirB. AtanasovaT. Thomas‐DanguinA. M. Le BonA. PerrutB. FerryP. Duchamp‐Viret Source Type: research
ECNP expresses concern at AstraZeneca neuroscience pull-outEmail this article to a colleague.
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(European College of Neuropsychopharmacology) The European College of Neuropsychopharmacology expresses its deep concern at the recently announced withdrawal by AstraZeneca from neuroscience drug research. AstraZeneca's pull-out is especially disturbing given that it follows a series of similar withdrawals in the last two years by major pharmaceutical companies. There is a growing sense that neuroscience in Europe is now facing a severe crisis. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - February 6, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news
What Are the Major Diseases Involving Copper Metabolism?Email this article to a colleague.
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Discussion
Nutritional problems can occur in all parts of the world and in all socioeconomic strata. Caloric and/or protein inadequacy unfortunately plagues too many people because of inadequate supplies or availability. Supplemental food programs around the world attempt to provide appropriate nutrition, but can be stymied because of war, political instability, economic instability and many other social factors.
The most common specific nutrient deficiencies are iron and Vitamin D deficiencies. Minerals important for essential nutrition include copper, iodine, selenium and zinc. A typical mixed diet usually provides enou...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - February 5, 2012 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Donna M. D'Alessandro, M.D. Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
Spaghetti western reveals differences between human and monkey brainsEmail this article to a colleague.
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A 'neurocinematic' comparison provides clues about evolution of the human brainMonkeys are closely related to us and their brains have long served as an indispensable model for understanding how our own brain works. But we're separated from each other by millions of years of evolution, so there are some major differences between their brains and ours. On the one hand, we can't assume that the results from experiments on their brains can be generalized to humans. But on the other, a better understanding of our differences can provide important clues about the evolutionary forces that shaped the human brain. A new method may...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 5, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Mo Costandi Tags: Neuroscience Evolution guardian.co.uk Blogposts Source Type: news
Dopaminergic modulation of ganglion‐cell photoreceptors in ratEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractA novel class of photoreceptors, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), express the photopigment melanopsin and drive non‐image‐forming responses to light such as circadian photoentrainment, the pupillary light reflex and suppression of nocturnal melatonin production in the pineal. Because dendrites from one subclass of these cells – the M1‐type ipRGCs – make presumptive synaptic contacts at sites of dopamine release from dopaminergic amacrine cells, they are prime targets for modulation by dopamine, a neuromodulator implicated in retinal circadian rhythms and light adaptation. ...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 5, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Matthew J. Van HookKwoon Y. WongDavid M. Berson Source Type: research
Spatial localization and projection densities of brainstem mossy fibre afferents to the forelimb C1 zone of the rat cerebellumEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractThe present study uses a double retrograde tracer technique in rats to examine the spatial localization and pattern of axonal branching in mossy fibres arising from three major sources in the medulla—the external cuneate nucleus, the sensory trigeminal nucleus and the reticular formation, to two electrophysiologically‐identified parts of the cerebellar cortex that are linked by common climbing fibre input – the forelimb‐receiving parts of the C1 zone in lobulus simplex and the paramedian lobule. In each experiment a small injection of rhodamine‐tagged beads was injected into one cortical region and an inj...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 5, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Luis HerreroJoanne PardoeNadia L. CerminaraRichard Apps Source Type: research
More Than One Blow For A Concussion In FootballEmail this article to a colleague.
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As you watch the Patriots and Giants smash into each other Sunday, consider this. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - February 4, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Everyday Science,Thought Cognition,Neuroscience,Psychology,Society Policy,Neurological Disorders Source Type: research
Neurotrophins-Growth Factors UpdateEmail this article to a colleague.
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Our Neurotrophins and Growth Factor Antibodies and Recombinant Proteins help support a wide span of research areas. These areas include: neuroscience, immunology, cardiac disease research and cancer.I would like to update you on recent publications highlighting use of some of these reagents: Aiko Sada, Kazuteru Hasegawa, Pui Han Pin, Yumiko Saga. NANOS2 Acts Downstream of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling to Suppress Differentiation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells. DOI: 10.1002/stem.790. Copyright © 2011 AlphaMed Press...anti-GFRA1 (1:200, Neuromics, Edina, MN)...Images: Ngn3-Cre targets GFRA1-n...
Source: Neuromics - February 4, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Tags: TrkB beta-Neural Growth Factor PDGF-C BDNF antibody Immunofluorescence PDGFR Alpha Antibody Immunohistochemistry cancer markers GDNF expression CD140A antibody Neurotrophin Antibodies beta NGF Source Type: news
siRNA Delivery Group on LinkedinEmail this article to a colleague.
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I wanted to make readers aware of an excellent discussion group on Linkedin named "siRNA Delivery". Included are tip, updates on commercialization and key publications. Here're some examples:Alnylam Announces Publication of Pre-clinical Results with ALN-HTT, an RNAi Therapeutic for the Treatment of Huntington’s Disease, in Experimental NeurologyDelivering siRNA to Neurons Life Technologies develops new drug delivery technology Recent experiments demonstrate a novel method of liposomal encapsulation of siRNA/RNA/DNA at 4C, could be a promising method to minimize degradation.Happy reading. (Source: siRNA ...
Source: siRNA and DsiRNA Transfection Efficiency - February 4, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Delivering siRNA to the CNS siRNA methods linkedin siRNA Therapeutics Gene Silencing siRNA Delivery Methods iFect Source Type: news
Brain Injury Rate 7 Times Greater among U.S. PrisonersEmail this article to a colleague.
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A car accident, a rough tackle, an unexpected tumble. The number of ways to bang up the brain are almost as numerous as the people who sustain these injuries. And only recently has it become clear just how damaging a seemingly minor knock can be. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is no longer just a condition acknowledged in military personnel or football players and other professional athletes. Each year some 1.7 million civilians will suffer an injury that disrupts the function of their brains, qualifying it as a TBI. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - February 4, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Ethics,Mind Brain,Society Policy,Everyday Science,More Science,Language Linguistics,Language Linguistics,Addiction Recovery,Neurological Disorders,Neuroscience,Psychiatry,Psychology,Thought Cognition,Biology,Health Source Type: research
Increased [3H]D‐aspartate release and changes in glutamate receptor expression in the hippocampus of the mnd mouseEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of hereditary childhood diseases characterized mainly by lipopigment accumulation and a multisystemic pattern of symptoms including mental retardation, seizures, motor impairment, and blindness. The mnd mouse, carrying a mutation in the Cln8 gene, has been proposed as a model of epilepsy with mental retardation (EPMR, ornorthern epilepsy). We recently showed neuronal hyperexcitability and seizure hypersusceptibility in mnd mice. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms related to hippocampal hyperexcitability, the glutamatergic transmission and the expression of postsyn...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - February 4, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Paolo BiginiMarco MilaneseFabrizio GardoniAnnalisa LonghiTiziana BonifacinoSara BarberaElena FumagalliMonica Di LucaTiziana MenniniGiambattista Bonanno Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Aging-Caloric Restriction and BDNF-LeptinEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, the investigators found that by restricting calories in rats, DVC BDNF immunoreactive concentrations were elevated and resulting in satiety threshold stability. This indicates functional desensitization of the DVC to these signals: Karine Bédard, Stéphanie Segura, Stéphanie Mahaut, Catherine Tardivel, Guylaine Ferland, Bruno Lebrun, Pierrette Gaudreau. Effects of aging and caloric restriction on brainstem satiety center signals in rats. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2012.01.004.The authors used our BDNF Antibody to determine expression in the DVC.....goat s...
Source: Neuromics - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Cytokine signaling BDNF antibody Brian Derived Neurotrophic Factors Autonomic nervous system Neurotrophins Leptin antibody Dorsal vagal complex Source Type: news
Jacqueline Rose: a life in writingEmail this article to a colleague.
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'Victimhood is something that happens but when you turn it into an identity you're psychically and politically finished'One day, Jacqueline Rose came across a troubling passage in Proust's A la recherche du temps perdu. The narrator, Marcel, lies beside his sleeping lover Albertine and masturbates against her. "It seemed to me at those moments," writes Proust in Carol Clark's recent Penguin translation, "that I possessed her more completely, like an unconscious part of dumb nature." Professor Rose, feminist and psychoanalytic critic, bristled. "I thought 'This is ridiculous – she'd have woken up by now!' I had my feminis...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Stuart Jeffries Tags: Books Culture Fiction History Marcel Proust Feminism Psychology Israel Poetry Sylvia Plath Ted Hughes The Guardian Features Source Type: news
[Report] Abnormal Brain Structure Implicated in Stimulant Drug AddictionEmail this article to a colleague.
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A neurological marker of addiction vulnerability occurs in sibling pairs who do not take drugs.Authors: Karen D. Ersche, P. Simon Jones, Guy B. Williams, Abigail J Turton, Trevor W. Robbins, Edward T. Bullmore (Source: Science: Current Issue)
Source: Science: Current Issue - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Karen D. Ersche Source Type: research
[Brevia] Nanoscopy in a Living Mouse BrainEmail this article to a colleague.
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Super high-resolution microscopy resolves neuron dynamics in the cerebral cortex of a living mouse.Authors: Sebastian Berning, Katrin I. Willig, Heinz Steffens, Payam Dibaj, Stefan W. Hell (Source: Science: Current Issue)
Source: Science: Current Issue - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Sebastian Berning Source Type: research
[Perspective] Neuroscience: To Stop or Not to Stop?Email this article to a colleague.
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Does chronic drug abuse cause brain abnormalities, or do they develop before the onset of dependence?Authors: Nora D. Volkow, Ruben D. Baler (Source: Science: Current Issue)
Source: Science: Current Issue - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Nora D. Volkow Source Type: research
The Science of Concussion and Brain InjuryEmail this article to a colleague.
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How medicine, sports and society are trying to heal and protect the brains of millions amidst the growing awareness of the long-lasting effects of traumatic head injury [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Ethics,Mind Brain,Physics,Society Policy,Everyday Science,More Science,Science Education,Language Linguistics,Addiction Recovery,Neurological Disorders,Neuroscience,Psychiatry,Psychology,Thought Cognition,Biology,Health Source Type: research
Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ prompts astroglia to moderate synaptic network activity.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Over the past decade, rapid signal exchange between astroglia and neurons across the interstitial space emerged as an essential element of synaptic circuit functioning in the brain. How and where exactly this exchange occurs in various physiological scenarios and the underlying cellular cascades remain a subject of intense study. The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid are thought to be the primary signal carriers that are regularly dispatched by active synapses to engage target receptors and transporters on the surface of astrocytes. New evidence ...
Source: Science Signaling - February 3, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Rusakov DA Tags: Sci Signal Source Type: research
Extracellular Ca2+ acts as a mediator of communication from neurons to glia.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Defining the pathways through which neurons and astrocytes communicate may contribute to the elucidation of higher central nervous system functions. We investigated the possibility that decreases in extracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)](e)) that occur during synaptic transmission might mediate signaling from neurons to glia. Using noninvasive photolysis of the photolabile Ca(2+) buffer diazo-2 {N-[2-[2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-5-(diazoacetyl)phenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methylphenyl]-N-(carboxymethyl)-, tetrapotassium salt} to reduce [Ca(2+)](e) or caged glutamate to simulate glutamatergic transmissio...
Source: Science Signaling - February 3, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Torres A, Wang F, Xu Q, Fujita T, Dobrowolski R, Willecke K, Takano T, Nedergaard M Tags: Sci Signal Source Type: research
New device removes stroke-causing blood clots better than standard treatmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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An experimental device for removing blood clots in stroke patients dramatically outperformed the standard mechanical treatment, according to research presented by UCLA Stroke Center director Dr. Jeffrey L. Saver at the American Stroke Association's 2012 international conference in New Orleans on Feb. 3.
The SOLITAIRE Flow Restoration Device is among an entirely new generation of devices designed to remove blood clots from blocked brain arteries in patients experiencing stroke. It has a self-expanding, stent-like design and, once inserted into a clot using a thin catheter tube, it compresses and traps the clot. The c...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - February 3, 2012 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news
Guardian Open Weekend: two days of smashing science and technologyEmail this article to a colleague.
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We're throwing open our doors on 24 and 25 March to host talks and debates about the frontiers of particle physics, neuroscience and the law, and host masterclasses on podcasting, journalism, web tools and photographyDo you have a burning question about the Higgs boson, supersymmetry or the standard of the coffee in the canteen at the home of the Large Hadron Collider near Geneva? On Sunday 25 March as part the Guardian's Open Weekend, three scientists at the cutting edge of physics will be on hand to answer all the most basic or esoteric questions that may have built up in your mind (where they might well be burning a hol...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Alok Jha Tags: Cern Particle physics Neuroscience Law Technology guardian.co.uk Blogposts Source Type: news
Link Between Insulin Resistance And Brain Health In ElderlyEmail this article to a colleague.
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New research from Uppsala University shows that reduced insulin sensitivity is linked to smaller brain size and deteriorated language skills in seniors. The findings are now published in the scientific journal Diabetes Care. The main hormonal function of insulin is to support the uptake and use of glucose in muscles and fat tissues. However, in an earlier article recently published in Molecular Neurobiology, Christian Benedict from the Department of Neuroscience at Uppsala University has reported that when insulin reaches the brain, it enhances memory function in humans... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - February 3, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Diabetes Source Type: news
Language and human nature:kurt goldstein's neurolinguistic foundation of a holistic philosophyEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article will discuss the work of Kurt Goldstein, who is known for both his groundbreaking contributions to neuropsychology and his holistic philosophy of human nature. By focusing on Goldstein's neurolinguistic research, I want to reconstruct the empirical foundations of his holistic program without ignoring its cultural background. In this sense, Goldstein's work provides a case study for the formation of a scientific theory through the complex interplay between specific empirical evidences and the general cultural developments of the Weimar Republic. (Source: Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences)
Source: Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences - February 3, 2012 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: DAVID LUDWIG Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Quantitative assessment of visual behavior in disorders of consciousnessEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study we aimed to provide a quantitative assessment of visual tracking behavior
in response to moving stimuli in DoC patients. Nine VS patients and nine MCS patients were recruited in a Neurorehabilitation
Unit for patients with chronic DoC; 11 matched healthy subjects were tested as the control group. All participants underwent
a quantitative evaluation of eye-tracking pattern by means of a computerized infrared eye-tracker system; stimuli were represented
by a red circle or a small color picture slowly moving on a PC monitor. The proportion of on- or off-target fixations differed
significantly between MCS an...
Source: Journal of Neurology - February 3, 2012 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neurology Source Type: research
Neurodevelopmental delay in small babies at term. A systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractBackground: Being small for gestational age (SGA) or having fetal growth restriction (FGR) may be associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to being appropriate for gestational age (AGA). The aim of this paper was to evaluate the existence and magnitude of decrease in neurodevelopmental scores in SGA and FGR infants born at term from a systematic review of the existing literature.Methods: Studies of neurodevelopment in SGA/FGR babies were identified from a search of the internet scientific databases. Studies which included preterm births and those that did not define absolute indices of standardis...
Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology - February 3, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: T ArcangeliB ThilaganathanR HooperK.S KhanA Bhide Tags: Original Paper Source Type: research
Effect of Cerebellohypothalamic Glutamatergic Projections on Immune Function.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Our previous work has shown that lesions of the cerebellar interposed nuclei (IN) suppress immune cell functions. Since there is no direct structural connection between the cerebellum and immune system, we explored the pathway mediating the cerebellar immunomodulation at the profile of cerebellohypothalamic projections to understand this modulation. Anterograde tracing of nerve tracts from the cerebellar IN to the hypothalamus was conducted by injection of anterograde tracer dextran-texas red (dextran-TR) in the cerebellar IN. We observed that dextran-TR-labeled nerve fibers, which were sent by cerebellar ...
Source: Cerebellum - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lu JH, Mao HN, Cao BB, Qiu YH, Peng YP Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research
Rapid synaptic potentiation within the anterior cingulate cortex mediates trace fear learningEmail this article to a colleague.
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Although the cortex has been extensively studied in long-term memory storage, less emphasis has been placed on immediate cortical contributions to fear memory formation. AMPA receptor plasticity is strongly implicated in learning and memory, and studies have identified calcium permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) as mediators of synaptic strengthening. Trace fear learning engages the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), but whether plastic events occur within the ACC in response to trace fear learning, and whether GluN2B subunits are required remains unknown. Here we show that the ACC is necessary for trace fear learning, and ...
Source: Molecular Brain - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Giannina DescalziXiang-Yao LiTao ChenValentina MercaldoKohei KogaMin Zhuo Source Type: research
Cellular mechanisms of plasmalemmal sealing and axonal repair by polyethylene glycol and methylene blueEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report that endogenous sealing in both preparations is enhanced by Ca2+‐containing solutions and is decreased by Ca2+‐free solutions containing antioxidants such as dithiothreitol (DTT), melatonin (MEL), methylene blue (MB), and various toxins that decrease vesicular interactions. In contrast, the fusogen polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 10–50 mM artificially seals the cut ends of B104 cells and rat sciatic axons within seconds and is not affected by Ca2+ or any of the substances that affect endogenous sealing. At higher concentrations, PEG decreases sealing of transected axons and disrupts the plasmalemma of intact c...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: C.S. SpaethT. RobisonJ.D. FanG.D. Bittner Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Rapid, effective, and long‐lasting behavioral recovery produced by microsutures, methylene blue, and polyethylene glycol after completely cutting rat sciatic nervesEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report that, after complete cut‐ or crush‐severance of rat sciatic nerves, morphological continuity, action potential conduction, and behavioral functions can be consistently (>98% of trials), rapidly (minutes to days), dramatically (70–85% recovery), and chronically restored and some Wallerian degeneration prevented. We assess axoplasmic and axolemmal continuity by intra‐axonal dye diffusion and action potential conduction across the lesion site and amount of behavioral recovery by Sciatic Functional Index and Foot Fault tests. We apply well‐specified sequences of solutions containing FDA‐approved chemic...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: G.D. BittnerC.P. KeatingJ.R. KaneJ.M. BrittC.S. SpaethJ.D. FanA. ZuzekR.W. WilcottW.P. ThayerJ.M. WinogradF. Gonzalez‐LimaT. Schallert Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Ischemic tolerance in the brain: Endogenous adaptive machinery against ischemic stressEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractAlthough more than 100 drugs have been examined clinically, tissue plasminogen activator remains the only drug approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Since the discovery of ischemic tolerance, it has been widely recognized that the brain possesses an endogenous protective machinery to protect against ischemic stress. Recent studies have clarified that both the upregulation of neuroprotective signaling and the downregulation of inflammatory or apoptotic pathways are involved equally in the acquisition of ischemic tolerance. The triggering stimuli for ischemic stresses are divided into hypoxic, oxidant/...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kazuo Kitagawa Tags: Review Source Type: research
Levodopa influences striatal activity but does not affect cortical hyper‐activity in Parkinson’s diseaseEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractMotor studies of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have shown cortical hypo‐activity in relation to nigrostriatal dopamine depletion. Cognitive studies also identified increased cortical activity in PD. We have previously suggested that the hypo‐activity/hyper‐activity patterns observed in PD are related to the striatal contribution. Tasks that recruit the striatum in control participants are associated with cortical hypo‐activity in patients with PD, whereas tasks that do not result in cortical hyper‐activity. The putamen, a structure affected by the neurodegeneration observed in PD, shows increased activation ...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 3, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: K. MartinuC. DegrootC. MadjarA. P. StrafellaO. Monchi Source Type: research
