Neuroscience Research This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 26.

Genomic transcriptional profiling in LOU/C/Jall rats identifies genes for successful aging.
Abstract Inbred LOU/C/Jall rats are currently described as a model of successful aging. These rats have a longer healthy median lifespan than many other strains, do not develop obesity, diabetes, or tumor and more importantly they do not show cognitive decline with aging. This is the first study to examine gene expression changes in the inbred LOU/C/Jall rat hippocampus and frontal cortex. Microarray data from animals aged 5 and 26 months were compared to that obtained from the classical Wistar rat strain to potentially identify only the genes associated with successful aging. We have thus identified a set of 15 g...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - November 10, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Paban V, Billard JM, Bouet V, Freret T, Boulouard M, Chambon C, Loriod B, Alescio-Lautier B Tags: Brain Struct Funct Source Type: research

Differentiated parietal connectivity of frontal regions for "what" and "where" memory.
Abstract In a previous meta-analysis across almost 200 neuroimaging experiments, working memory for object location showed significantly stronger convergence on the posterior superior frontal gyrus, whereas working memory for identity showed stronger convergence on the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (dorsal to, but overlapping with Brodmann's area BA 44). As similar locations have been discussed as part of a dorsal frontal-superior parietal reach system and an inferior frontal grasp system, the aim of the present study was to test whether the regions of working-memory related "what" and "where" processing show a ...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - November 10, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rottschy C, Caspers S, Roski C, Reetz K, Dogan I, Schulz JB, Zilles K, Laird AR, Fox PT, Eickhoff SB Tags: Brain Struct Funct Source Type: research

Expression of Nogo-A Is Decreased with Increasing Gestational Age in the Human Fetal Brain
Dev Neurosci 2012;34:402–416 (DOI:10.1159/000343143)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - November 9, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

trans-Resveratrol Protects Ischemic PC12 Cells by Inhibiting the Hypoxia Associated Transcription Factors and Increasing the Levels of Antioxidant Defense Enzymes
ACS Chemical NeuroscienceDOI: 10.1021/cn300143m
Source: ACS Chemical Neuroscience - November 9, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Megha Agrawal, Vivek Kumar, Abhishek K. Singh, Mahendra P. Kashyap, Vinay K. Khanna, Maqsood A. Siddiqui and Aditya B. Pant Source Type: research

Isolation of glioma cancer stem cells in relation to histological grades in glioma specimens
Conclusions This trend of stage-by-stage increase of gCSCs in gliomas showed statistical significance by chi-square test linear-by-linear association. We prove that the rates of existence of gCSCs increase proportionally as the WHO grades of gliomas rise. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s00381-012-1964-9Authors Byung Ho Kong, Department of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaNa-Ri Park, Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South...
Source: Child's Nervous System - November 9, 2012 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Child's Nervous System Source Type: research

Changes in the biological characteristics of glioma cancer stem cells after serial in vivo subtransplantation
Conclusions There were significant in vivo biological changes in gCSCs upon serial in vivo subtransplantation, which were shorter xenograft survival, increased angiogenesis, and decreased apoptosis. This study suggests that the repeated exposure to new microenvironments may affect the biological changes in gCSCs in vivo. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00381-012-1963-xAuthors Ga-Yeong Shin, Department of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South KoreaJin-Kyoung Shim, Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Coll...
Source: Child's Nervous System - November 9, 2012 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Child's Nervous System Source Type: research

Clinical and histopathological study of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy with a novel S90W mutation in BSCL2
This report expands the variability of the clinical spectrum associated with the BSCL2 gene and describes the first family with the p.S90W mutation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10048-012-0346-5Authors B.-O. Choi, Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaM.-H. Park, Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-Gun, 363-951 KoreaK. W. Chung, Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, KoreaH.-M. Woo, Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Bio...
Source: Neurogenetics - November 9, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: neurogenetics Source Type: research

Guidelines for the use of bone metabolic markers in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis (2012 edition)
Abstract Recently the clinical application of bone metabolic markers has achieved significant progress and the measurements of these indices give us a better understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Bone metabolic markers were adapted to select drug treatment for osteoporosis and to evaluate drug efficacy. Therefore, the proper application and assessment of bone metabolic markers in clinical practice is very important. To achieve these aims, the committee on the guidelines for the use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis authorized by the Japan Osteoporosis Society has summarized...
Source: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism - November 9, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism Source Type: research

Bluebrain: Noah Hutton's 10-Year Documentary about the Mission to Reverse Engineer the Human Brain [Video]
"Nothing quite like it exists yet, but we have begun building it," Henry Markram wrote in the June 2012 issue of Scientific American . He was referring to a "fantastic new scientific instrument"--a biologically realistic and detailed model of a working human brain hosted on supercomputers. Markram, who directs the Brain Mind Institute at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland, has been working on the Blue Brain Project , more recently known as the Human Brain Project , since 2005. "A digital brain will be a resource for the entire scientific community: rese...
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - November 9, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Chemistry,History of Science,Math,Mind Brain,Computing,Technology,Neuroscience,Psychiatry,Psychology,Thought Cognition,Biology,Physics Source Type: research

Autism and the Technical Mind: Live Chat with Simon Baron-Cohen, November 9, 10 A.M. EST
In the November issue of Scientific American , psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen of the University of Cambridge explores the possibility that some of the genes that contribute to autism are inherited along with genes behind certain cognitive talents common to scientists, engineers, mathematicians and other technical-minded people. Some evidence suggests that regions around the world where a lot of engineers and scientists live and marry--such as Silicon Valley in California and Eindhoven in the Netherlands--have higher than usual rates of autism. When two technical-minded people have children, they may be more likely to have...
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - November 9, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Everyday Science,Thought Cognition,Neuroscience,Psychology,Mind Brain,More Science Source Type: research

Autism and the Technical Mind: Live Chat with Simon Baron-Cohen, November 9, 10 AM ET
In the November issue of Scientific American , psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen of the University of Cambridge explores the possibility that some of the genes that contribute to autism are inherited along with genes behind certain cognitive talents common to scientists, engineers, mathematicians and other technical-minded people. Some evidence suggests that regions around the world where a lot of engineers and scientists live and marry--such as Silicon Valley in California and Eindhoven in the Netherlands--have higher than usual rates of autism. When two technical-minded people have children, they may be more likely to have...
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - November 9, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Everyday Science,Thought Cognition,Neuroscience,Psychology,Mind Brain,More Science Source Type: research

Are Geeky Couples More Likely to Have Kids with Autism? (preview)
In 1997 my colleague Sally Wheelwright and I conducted a study involving nearly 2,000 families in the U.K. We included about half these families because they had at least one child with autism, a developmental condition in which individuals have difficulty communicating and interacting with others and display obsessive behaviors. The other families had children with a diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome, Down syndrome or language delays but not autism. We asked parents in each family a simple question: What was their job? Many mothers had not worked outside the home, so we could not use their data, but the results from fa...
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - November 9, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Mind Brain,Thought Cognition,More Science,Neuroscience,Psychology,Health,Society Policy Source Type: research

A genome-wide sib-pair linkage analysis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine
Abstract Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is a common musculoskeletal disease among people after middle age. The OPLL presents with serious neurological abnormalities due to compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots. The OPLL is caused by genetic and environment factors; however, its etiology and pathogenesis still remain to be elucidated. To determine the susceptibility loci for OPLL, we performed a genome-wide linkage study using 214 affected sib-pairs of Japanese. In stratification analyses for definite cervical OPLL, we found loci with suggestive linkage on 1p2...
Source: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism - November 9, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism Source Type: research

Clinical Prediction Models for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review
Conclusions While clinical prediction models for aSAH use a few simple predictors, there are substantial methodological problems with the models and none have had external validation. This precludes the use of existing models for clinical or research purposes. We recommend further studies to develop and validate reliable clinical prediction models for aSAH. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s12028-012-9792-zAuthors Blessing N. R. Jaja, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaMichael D. Cusimano, St. Michael’s Hospital, University...
Source: Neurocritical Care - November 9, 2012 Category: Neurology Tags: Neurocritical Care Source Type: research

Pharyngeal enterogenous cyst associated with canalis basilaris medianus in a newborn
We report the CT and MR characteristics of a newborn with a rare, complex malformation characterised by a large rhinopharyngeal and oropharyngeal enterogenous cyst, associated with an osseous defect of the basiocciput, called canalis basilaris medianus (CBM). A partial herniation of the bulb was demonstrated through the bony defect on the midline. The enterogenous cyst occupied the rhinopharynx and oropharynx, narrowing the pharyngeal lumen and making it difficult for the introduction of an orotracheal tube. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00247-012-2513-0Authors Rosa Morabi...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - November 9, 2012 Category: Radiology Tags: Pediatric Radiology Source Type: research

Sequential changes in the non-coding control region sequences of JC polyomaviruses from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
This study was conducted to examine sequential changes in NCCR patterns of JCV isolates obtained from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PML patients. CSF specimens were collected from PML patients at different time points, the NCCR sequences were determined, and their compositions were assessed by computer-based analysis. In patients showing a marked increase in JCV load, the most frequent NCCR sequences in the follow-up specimens were different from those in the initial samples. In contrast, the dominant NCCRs in the CSF remained unaltered during the follow-up of individuals in whom the viral load decreased after ther...
Source: Archives of Virology - November 9, 2012 Category: Virology Tags: Archives of Virology Source Type: research

Baroreflex function is reduced in Alzheimer’s disease: a candidate biomarker?
Abstract: The baroreflex (BR) reflects autonomic blood pressure control. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects the autonomic system. Detailed properties of BR in AD are unknown. We hypothesized that BR is reduced in AD, and is influenced by autonomic effects of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI). BR was determined in 18 AD patients, 11 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 19 healthy control subjects. In AD, BR was measured again after ChEI treatment. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to define a BR cutoff value, which was then tested in an independent validation sample of 16 AD, 18 MCI, and 18 con...
Source: Neurobiology of Aging - November 9, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Aisha S.S. Meel-van den Abeelen, Joep Lagro, Erik D. Gommer, Jos P.H. Reulen, Jurgen A.H.R. Claassen Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research

Differential distribution of voltage-gated channels in myelinated and unmyelinated baroreceptor afferents.
Abstract Voltage gated ion channels (VGC) make possible the frequency coding of arterial pressure and the neurotransmission of this information along myelinated and unmyelinated fiber pathways. Although many of the same VGC isoforms are expressed in both fiber types, it is the relative expression of each that defines the unique discharge properties of myelinated A-type and unmyelinated C-type baroreceptors. For example, the fast inward Na(+) current is a major determinant of the action potential threshold and the regenerative transmembrane current needed to sustain repetitive discharge. In A-type baroreceptors the ...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience - November 9, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Schild JH, Kunze DL Tags: Auton Neurosci Source Type: research

Electrical carotid sinus stimulation in treatment resistant arterial hypertension.
Abstract Treatment resistant arterial hypertension is commonly defined as blood pressure that remains above goal in spite of the concurrent use of three antihypertensive agents of different classes. The sympathetic nervous system promotes arterial hypertension and cardiovascular as well as renal damage, thus, providing a logical treatment target in these patients. Recent physiological studies suggest that baroreflex mechanisms contribute to long-term control of sympathetic activity and blood pressure providing an impetus for the development of electrical carotid sinus stimulators. The concept behind electrical stim...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience - November 9, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jordan J, Heusser K, Brinkmann J, Tank J Tags: Auton Neurosci Source Type: research

Fluoxetine Induces Hepatic Lipid Accumulation Via Both Promotion of the SREBP1c-Related Lipogenesis and Reduction of Lipolysis in Primary Mouse Hepatocytes.
CONCLUSION: Fluoxetine induces hepatic lipid accumulation via both promotion of the SREBP1c-related lipogenesis and reduction of lipolysis in primary mouse hepatocytes. PMID: 23137031 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - November 9, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Feng XM, Xiong J, Qin H, Liu W, Chen RN, Shang W, Ning R, Hu G, Yang J Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Maternal Distress: What do we really know?
Abstract A simple internet search of "maternal stress and pregnancy" turns up hundreds of hits explaining that an adverse intrauterine environment can affect fetal development and potentially lead to various learning, behavioral, and mood disorders in childhood, as well as complex diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular conditions later in life. Indeed, a growing body of literature now links several intrauterine challenges, including maternal obesity and stress, with adverse developmental outcomes in the child. Over the past five years, nearly 5,000 publications have explored the consequences of maternal distre...
Source: Clinical Genetics - November 9, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Schuurmans C, Kurrasch DM Tags: Clin Genet Source Type: research

Heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate‐binding protein‐coupled modulatory actions of motilin on K+ channels and postsynaptic γ‐aminobutyric acid receptors in mouse medial vestibular nuclear neurons
Abstract Some central nervous system neurons express receptors of gastrointestinal hormones, but their pharmacological actions are not well known. Previous anatomical and unit recording studies suggest that a group of cerebellar Purkinje cells express motilin receptors, and motilin depresses the spike discharges of vestibular nuclear neurons that receive direct cerebellar inhibition in rats or rabbits. Here, by the slice‐patch recording method, we examined the pharmacological actions of motilin on the mouse medial vestibular nuclear neurons (MVNs), which play an important role in the control of ocular reflexes. A small n...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - November 9, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hiroshi Todaka, Tetsuya Tatsukawa, Tsutomu Hashikawa, Yuchio Yanagawa, Katsuei Shibuki, Soichi Nagao Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Using kinematic analysis of movement to predict the time occurrence of an evoked potential associated with a motor command
This article presents an exploratory study investigating the possibility of predicting the time occurrence of a motor event related potential (ERP) from a kinematic analysis of human movements. Although the response‐locked motor potential may link the ERP components to the recorded response, to our knowledge no previous attempt has been made to predict a priori (i.e. before any contact with the electroencephalographic data) the time occurrence of an ERP component based only on the modeling of an overt response. The proposed analysis relies on the delta‐lognormal modeling of velocity, as proposed by the kinematic theory...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - November 9, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Christian O'Reilly, Réjean Plamondon, Mohamed K. Landou, Brigitte Stemmer Tags: Technical Spotlight Source Type: research

Segmental disinhibition suppresses C‐fiber inputs to the rat superficial medullary dorsal horn via the activation of GABAB receptors
Abstract Specialized primary afferents, although they terminate in different laminae within the dorsal horn (DH), are known to interact through local circuit excitatory and inhibitory neurons. That a loss of segmental inhibition probably contributes to persistent pain hypersensitivity during chronic pain raises the question as to how disinhibition‐induced changes in cross‐modal interactions account for chronic pain symptoms. We sought to characterize how pharmacological blockade of glycine and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors modifies synaptic transmission between primary afferent fibers and second‐order ne...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - November 9, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Céline Melin, Florian Jacquot, Radhouane Dallel, Alain Artola Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Impaired response to hypoxia in the respiratory center is a major cause of neonatal death of the PACAP‐knockout mouse
We report on the presence of abnormal respiratory activity in PACAP−/− mice under hypoxic conditions, which provides a basis for the SIDS‐like phenotype. Figure shows effect of hypoxia on respiratory activity in PACAP‐deficient mice. Respiration activities under either hypoxic (5% O2) or hypercapnic conditions (8% CO2) were compared to that of normoxia by plethysmography at P7. Note that hypoxia caused respiratory arrest in PACAP−/− mice.
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - November 9, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Satoru Arata, Tomoya Nakamachi, Hiroshi Onimaru, Hitoshi Hashimoto, Seiji Shioda Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Rapid visual stimulation increases extrasynaptic glutamate receptor expression but not visual‐evoked potentials in the adult rat primary visual cortex
Abstract The model most used to study synaptic plasticity, long‐term potentiation (LTP), typically employs electrical stimulation of afferent fibers to induce changes in synaptic strength. It would be beneficial for understanding the behavioral relevance of LTP if a model could be developed that used more naturalistic stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that the adult visual cortex, previously thought to have lost most of its plasticity once past the critical period, is in fact capable of LTP‐like changes in synaptic strength in response to sensory manipulations alone. In a preliminary study, we used a photic tetanus (PT...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - November 9, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. J. Eckert, D. Guévremont, J. M. Williams, W. C. Abraham Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Undead-End: Fungus That Controls Zombie-Ants Has Own Fungal Stalker
An unsuspecting worker ant in Brazil's rainforest leaves its nest one morning. But instead of following the well-worn treetop paths of its nest mates, this ant stumbles along clumsily, walking in aimless circles, convulsing from time to time. [More]
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - November 8, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Evolution,Biology,Health,Mind & Brain,Everyday Science,Neuroscience,Evolution,Energy Sustainability,Evolutionary Biology,Ecology,Archaeology Paleontology,More Science Source Type: research

Neurotrophin-4 Is More Potent than Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Promoting, Attracting and Suppressing Geniculate Ganglion Neurite Outgrowth
Dev Neurosci 2012;34:389–401 (DOI:10.1159/000342996)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Exogenous Glutamate Modulates Porcine Retinal Development in vitro
Dev Neurosci 2012;34:428–439 (DOI:10.1159/000343721)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Developmental Origins of Astrocyte Heterogeneity: The Final Frontier of CNS Development
Dev Neurosci 2012;34:379–388 (DOI:10.1159/000343723)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurotrophin-4 Is More Potent than Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Promoting, Attracting and Suppressing Geniculate Ganglion Neurite Outgrowth
Dev Neurosci (DOI:10.1159/000342996)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Comparative Modeling of the Human Monoamine Transporters: Similarities in Substrate Binding
ACS Chemical NeuroscienceDOI: 10.1021/cn300148r
Source: ACS Chemical Neuroscience - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Heidi Koldsø, Anja B. Christiansen, Steffen Sinning and Birgit Schiøtt Source Type: research

See This: Hallucinations with Oliver Sacks, November 9, 8 P.M. EST [Live]
Hearing and seeing things that aren’t there is more common than you might think. As part of their series Science & Story, our friends at the World Science Festival are bringing together neurologist and best-selling author Oliver Sacks and award-winning journalist John Hockenberry to discuss Sacks’ latest book , released November 6, which explores the bewitching and surreal world of hallucinations. [More]
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - November 8, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Thought Cognition,Psychiatry,Biology,Neuroscience Source Type: research

See This: Hallucinations with Oliver Sacks, November 9, 8 PM ET [Live]
Hearing and seeing things that aren’t there is more common than you might think. As part of their series Science & Story, our friends at the World Science Festival are bringing together neurologist and best-selling author Oliver Sacks and award-winning journalist John Hockenberry to discuss Sacks’ latest book , released November 6, which explores the bewitching and surreal world of hallucinations. [More]
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - November 8, 2012 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Thought Cognition,Psychiatry,Biology,Neuroscience Source Type: research

The ability of CBCL DSM-oriented scales to predict DSM-IV diagnoses in a referred sample of children and adolescents
Abstract The majority of studies examining associations between clinical–diagnostic and empirical-quantitative approaches have concentrated only on the target diagnosis without taking into account any possible co-variation of psychopathological traits, which is intrinsic to child psychopathology. The ability of child behaviour checklist (CBCL) DSM-oriented scales (DOSs) to predict target and other DSM diagnoses, taking into consideration the covariation of psychopathological traits, was analysed by logistic regression analysis. Corresponding odds ratio (OR) was used as indicator of the strength of the rela...
Source: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - November 8, 2012 Category: Psychiatry Tags: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Source Type: research

Speaking Science: Why People Don t Hear What You Say
Key concepts [More]
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - November 8, 2012 Category: Science Tags: More Science,Language & Linguistics,Thought Cognition,Neuroscience,Psychology,Mind Brain,Language Source Type: research

Classification of H2O2 as a Neuromodulator that Regulates Striatal Dopamine Release on a Subsecond Time Scale
ACS Chemical NeuroscienceDOI: 10.1021/cn300130b
Source: ACS Chemical Neuroscience - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jyoti C. Patel and Margaret E. Rice Source Type: research

Neutrophin-4 Is More Potent than Brain-Derived Neurotrophin Factor in Promoting, Attracting and Suppressing Geniculate Ganglion Neurite Outgrowth
Dev Neurosci (DOI:10.1159/000342996)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Exogenous Glutamate Modulates Porcine Retinal Development in vitro
Dev Neurosci (DOI:10.1159/000343721)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Developmental Origins of Astrocyte Heterogeneity: The Final Frontier of CNS Development
Dev Neurosci (DOI:10.1159/000343723)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Autonomy in Action: Linking the Act of Looking to Memory Formation in Infancy via Dynamic Neural Fields.
We present a new theory that connects looking to the dynamics of memory formation and formally implement this theory in a Dynamic Neural Field model that learns autonomously as it actively looks and looks away from a stimulus. We situate this model in a habituation task and illustrate the mechanisms by which looking, encoding, working memory formation, and long-term memory formation give rise to habituation across multiple stimulus and task contexts. We also illustrate how the act of looking and the temporal dynamics of learning affect each other. Finally, we test a new hypothesis about the sources of developmental differe...
Source: Cognitive Science - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Perone S, Spencer JP Tags: Cogn Sci Source Type: research

A Single-Stage Approach to Learning Phonological Categories: Insights From Inuktitut.
We present simulations that suggest two problems with this view: First, the learner might mistake the phoneme-level categories for phonetic-level categories and thus be unable to learn the relationships between phonetic-level categories; on the other hand, the learner might construct inaccurate phonetic-level representations that prevent it from finding regular relations among them. We suggest an alternative conception of the phonological acquisition problem that sidesteps this apparent inevitability and acquires phonemic categories in a single stage. Using acoustic data from Inuktitut, we show that this model reliably con...
Source: Cognitive Science - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dillon B, Dunbar E, Idsardi W Tags: Cogn Sci Source Type: research

Developmental and Diurnal Expression of the Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 (Snap25) in the Rat Pineal Gland.
In this study, we demonstrate a high expression of mRNA encoding Snap25 in all parts of the rat pineal complex, the superficial-, and deep-pineal gland, as well as in the pineal stalk. Snap25 showed a low pineal expression during embryonic stages with a strong increase in expression levels just after birth. The expression showed no day/night variations. Neither removal of the sympathetic input to the pineal gland by superior cervical ganglionectomy nor bilateral decentralization of the superior cervical ganglia significantly affected the expression of Snap25 in the gland. The pineal expression levels of Snap25 were not cha...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Karlsen AS, Rath MF, Rohde K, Toft T, Møller M Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Enhanced Survival of Wild-Type and Lurcher Purkinje Cells In Vitro Following Inhibition of Conventional PKCs or Stress-Activated MAP Kinase Pathways.
In this study, Ca(++) imaging and immunocytochemistry studies indicate that intracellular levels of Ca(++) are chronically increased in Lc/+ PCs and the concentration and/or distribution of the conventional PKCγ isoform is altered in degenerating Lc/+ PCs. To begin to characterize the molecular mechanisms that regulate Lc/+ PC death, the contributions of conventional PKC pathways and of two MAP kinase family members, JNK and p38, were examined in slice cultures from wild-type and Lc/+ mutant mouse cerebellum. Cerebellar slice cultures from P0 pups were treated with either a conventional PKC inhibitor, a JNK inhibitor, or ...
Source: Cerebellum - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zanjani HS, Lohof AM, McFarland R, Vogel MW, Mariani J Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research

Diffusion tensor imaging reveals evolution of primate brain architectures.
Abstract Evolution of the brain has been an inherently interesting problem for centuries. Recent studies have indicated that neuroimaging is a powerful technique for studying brain evolution. In particular, a variety of reports have demonstrated that consistent white matter fiber connection patterns derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography reveal common brain architecture and are predictive of brain functions. In this paper, based on our recently discovered 358 dense individualized and common connectivity-based cortical landmarks (DICCCOL) defined by consistent fiber connection patterns in DTI datas...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhang D, Guo L, Zhu D, Li K, Li L, Chen H, Zhao Q, Hu X, Liu T Tags: Brain Struct Funct Source Type: research

Shape and curvedness analysis of brain morphology using human fetal magnetic resonance images in utero.
This study uses a pair of new indices, the shape index (SI) and curvedness index (CVD), to quantify 3-D morphological changes in developing brains from 22 to 33 weeks of gestation. The SI was used to automatically locate the gyral nodes and sulcal pits, and the CVD was used to measure the degree of deviation of cortical shapes from a flat plane. The CVD values of classified regions were compared with two traditional biomarkers: cerebral volume and cortical surface area. Because the fetal brains dramatically deform with age, the age effect was controlled during the comparison between morphological changes and volume and su...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hu HH, Chen HY, Hung CI, Guo WY, Wu YT Tags: Brain Struct Funct Source Type: research

Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Correlate With Reported Pain and Are Reduced by Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
ConclusionsPatients with FBSS have altered CSF levels of BDNF and MCP‐1. CSF VEGF correlates with pain and is reduced by SCS. This may offer novel insights into both the mechanism of action of SCS in FBSS and the variation in clinical response that may be encountered.
Source: Neuromodulation - November 8, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Kevin F. McCarthy, Thomas J. Connor, Connail McCrory Tags: Basic Science Source Type: research

Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Conclusion: DTI detects changes that are regarded as prominent features of ALS and thus, shows promise in its function as a biomarker. Using the technique herein, we could demonstrate DTI changes at follow-up which correlated well with clinical progression.
Source: BMC Neuroscience - Latest articles - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Carsten KeilTino PrellThomas PeschelViktor HartungReinhard DenglerJulian Grosskreutz Source Type: research

Immunohistological and electrophysiological evidence that N‐acetylaspartylglutamate is a co‐transmitter at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction
We present electrophysiological and immunohistological evidence that NAAG, one of the most abundant peptides in the mammalian CNS, is a co‐transmitter at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We show that all of the components associated with NAAGergic transmission in the CNS are present at the NMJ, including NAAG, its inactivating enzyme, and its receptor (mGluR3). Moreover, nerve stimulation depletes presynaptic NAAG and application of exogenous NAAG depresses evoked ACh release.
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - November 8, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kathryn K. Walder, Steve B. Ryan, Tomasz Bzdega, Rafal T. Olszewski, Joseph H. Neale, Clark A. Lindgren Tags: Research Report Source Type: research