Neuroscience Research This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 4.

Coupling Between GABA-A Receptor and Chloride Transporter Underlies Ionic Plasticity in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons.
Abstract Ionic plasticity, a form of synaptic plasticity unique to inhibitory neurotransmission, can be induced in cerebellar Purkinje neurons by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It is expressed as a decrease in synaptic strength of GABA-A transmission onto Purkinje neurons due to reduced transmembrane chloride gradient. By making whole-cell recordings, we found that the effect of BDNF is mediated by neuronal potassium and chloride transporter KCC2 because it is blocked by inhibitors of KCC2 or by raising the intracellular chloride concentration. Under these conditions in which KCC2 activity is reduced, BD...
Source: Cerebellum - January 23, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Huang Y, Wang JJ, Yung WH Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research

Testosterone modulation of dendritic spines of somatosensory cortical pyramidal neurons.
In conclusion, these results support our hypothesis that testosterone acts directly on the androgen receptor in males to modulate the dendritic spines of somatosensory cortical output neurons. PMID: 23340667 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Structure and Function - January 23, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chen JR, Wang TJ, Lim SH, Wang YJ, Tseng GF Tags: Brain Struct Funct Source Type: research

MAPK signaling pathway regulates cerebrovascular receptor expression in human cerebral arteries
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that there is a clear association between human cerebrovascular receptor upregulation via transcription involving activation of the MAPK pathway after organ culture. Inhibition of the MAPK pathways attenuated the vasoconstriction mediated by ET, AT and TP receptors in human cerebral arteries and the enhanced expression of their receptors. The results indicate that MAPK inhibition might be a novel target for treatment of cerebrovascular disorders.
Source: BMC Neuroscience - Latest articles - January 23, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Saema AnsarSajedeh EftekhariRoya WaldseeElisabeth NilssonOla NilssonHans SävelandLars Edvinsson Source Type: research

Impaired Hippocampus-Dependent and Facilitated Striatum-Dependent Behaviors in Mice Lacking the Delta Opioid Receptor
& Brigitte L Kieffer Keywords: associative/procedural learning; Behavioral Science; hippocampus-striatum balance; Learning & Memory; Neuropharmacology; Opioids
Source: Neuropsychopharmacology - January 23, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Julie Le MerrerXavier RezaiGrégory ScherrerJérôme A J BeckerBrigitte L Kieffer Tags: associative/procedural learning Behavioral Science hippocampus-striatum balance & Memory Neuropharmacology Opioids Source Type: research

Blocking Mineralocorticoid Receptors Impairs, Blocking Glucocorticoid Receptors Enhances Memory Retrieval in Humans
& Jan Born Keywords: behavioral science; cortisol; glucocorticoid receptor; learning & memory; memory; mineralocorticoid receptor; psychopharmacology; receptor pharmacology; spironolactone
Source: Neuropsychopharmacology - January 23, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Ulrike RimmeleLuciana BesedovskyTanja LangeJan Born Tags: behavioral science cortisol glucocorticoid receptor learning & memory mineralocorticoid receptor psychopharmacology receptor pharmacology spironolactone Source Type: research

Tiny Distractions Can Double Mistakes
Don't look down! Checking your phone may take just a few seconds, but that's enough to ruin your train of thought, according to new research showing that a three-second distraction can double the number of mistakes people make. [More]
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - January 22, 2013 Category: Science Tags: More Science,Society & Policy,Thought Cognition,Language Linguistics,Neurological Disorders,Neuroscience,Health,Language Source Type: research

On-Surface Aggregation of α-Synuclein at Nanomolar Concentrations Results in Two Distinct Growth Mechanisms
ACS Chemical NeuroscienceDOI: 10.1021/cn3001312
Source: ACS Chemical Neuroscience - January 22, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Michael Rabe, Alice Soragni, Nicholas P. Reynolds, Dorinel Verdes, Ennio Liverani, Roland Riek and Stefan Seeger Source Type: research

Healing the Brain with Snail Venom
Conotoxins--the chains of amino acids found in the venom of a cone snail--are medical marvels. In 2003 psychiatrist and environmentalist Eric Chivian of Harvard University described these sea creatures as having “the largest and most clinically important pharmacopoeia of any genus in nature.” Scientists believe conotoxins could help treat epilepsy, depression and other disorders by interacting with the nervous system. [More]
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - January 22, 2013 Category: Science Tags: Health,Health,Neuroscience,Everyday Science,More Science,Biology,Mind & Brain Source Type: research

Sequence motifs of myelin membrane proteins: Towards the molecular basis of diseases
Abstract The shortest sequence of amino acids in protein containing functional and structural information is a “motif.” To understand myelin protein functions, we intensively searched for motifs that can be found in myelin proteins. Some myelin proteins had several different motifs or repetition of the same motif. The most abundant motif found among myelin proteins was a myristoylation motif. Bovine MAG held 11 myristoylation motifs and human myelin basic protein held as many as eight such motifs. PMP22 had the fewest myristoylation motifs, which was only one; rat PMP22 contained no such motifs. Cholesterol recognition...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - January 22, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jan Sedzik, Jan Pawel Jastrzebski, Kazuhiro Ikenaka Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Detection of Orexin A Neuropeptide in Biological Fluids Using a Zinc Oxide Field Effect Transistor
ACS Chemical NeuroscienceDOI: 10.1021/cn300159e
Source: ACS Chemical Neuroscience - January 22, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Joshua Hagen, Wanda Lyon, Yaroslav Chushak, Melanie Tomczak, Rajesh Naik, Morley Stone and Nancy Kelley-Loughnane Source Type: research

[Small-fibre neuropathy].
Abstract BACKGROUND. Small-fibre neuropathy is a neuropathy that mainly affects the small nerve fibres. Owing to doctors' inadequate knowledge of the condition and limited diagnostic methods, this type of neuropathy is probably under-diagnosed. Small-fibre neuropathy has many causes, but the symptoms are often relatively similar. This review article is intended to give doctors insight into the clinical expressions and diagnosis of the condition.METHOD. The article is based on literature searches inPubMed and the authors' clinical and scientific experience of the subject.RESULTS. Small-fibre neuropathy generates a c...
Source: Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening - January 22, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Jørum E, Warncke T, Orstavik K Tags: Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen Source Type: research

Large-scale brain networks in affective and social neuroscience: towards an integrative functional architecture of the brain.
Abstract Understanding how a human brain creates a human mind ultimately depends on mapping psychological categories and concepts to physical measurements of neural response. Although it has long been assumed that emotional, social, and cognitive phenomena are realized in the operations of separate brain regions or brain networks, we demonstrate that it is possible to understand the body of neuroimaging evidence using a framework that relies on domain general, distributed structure-function mappings. We review current research in affective and social neuroscience and argue that the emerging science of large-scale i...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - January 22, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Barrett LF, Satpute AB Tags: Curr Opin Neurobiol Source Type: research

The Pro-inflammatory Cytokine TNF-α Regulates the Activity and Expression of the Serotonin Transporter (SERT) in Astrocytes.
Abstract Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the precipitation of depression and related disorders, and the antidepressant sensitive serotonin transporter (SERT) may be a major target for immune regulation in these disorders. Here, we focus on astrocytes, a major class of immune competent cells in the brain, to examine the effects of pro-longed treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on SERT activity. We first established that high-affinity serotonin uptake into C6 glioma cells occurs through a SERT-dependent mechanism. Functional SERT expression is also confirmed for primary astrocytes. ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 22, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Malynn S, Campos-Torres A, Moynagh P, Haase J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Sacsin-Related Spastic Ataxia Caused by a Novel Missense Mutation p.Arg272His in a Patient from Sicily, Southern Italy.
PMID: 23338241 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cerebellum - January 22, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dibilio V, Cavalcanti F, Nicoletti A, Mostile G, Bruno E, Annesi G, Tarantino P, Gagliardi M, Gambardella A, Quattrone A, Zappia M Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research

Review: Experimental manipulations of microglia in mouse models of Alzheimer's pathology: activation reduces amyloid but hastens tau pathology
The inflammation hypothesis of Alzheimer's pathogenesis has directed much scientific effort towards ameliorating this disease. The development of mouse models of amyloid deposition permitted direct tests of the proposal that amyloid‐activated microglia could cause neurodegeneration in vivo. Many approaches to manipulating microglial activation have been applied to these mouse models, and are the subject of this review. In general, these results do not support a direct neuricidal action of microglia in mouse amyloid models under any activation state. Some of the manipulations cause both a reduction in pathology and a redu...
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - January 22, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: D. C. Lee, J. Rizer, J. B. Hunt, M.‐L. B. Selenica, M. N. Gordon, D. Morgan Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Modeling Developmental Plasticity After Perinatal Stroke: Defining Central Therapeutic Targets in Cerebral Palsy
Abstract: Perinatal stroke is presented as the ideal human model of developmental neuroplasticity. The precise timing, mechanisms, and locations of specific perinatal stroke diseases provide common examples of well defined, focal, perinatal brain injuries. Motor disability (hemiparetic cerebral palsy) constitutes the primary adverse outcome and the focus of models explaining how motor systems develop in health and after early injury. Combining basic science animal work with human applied technology (functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and transcranial magnetic stimulation), a model of plastic m...
Source: Pediatric Neurology - January 21, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Adam Kirton Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Comparable proportions of classes of experiences and intracerebral consequences for surgical stimulation and external application of weak magnetic field patterns: Implications for converging effects in complex partial seizures.
Abstract The similarity of the proportions of different types of experiences reported during surgical electrical stimulation of epileptic temporal lobes published in the scientific literature and those reported following exposures to weak, applied magnetic fields was supported by direct comparisons in a retrospective analysis. Of the 20 types of specific experiences, the surgical stimulation groups reported proportionally more fear experiences, while the groups exposed to temporally patterned magnetic fields applied across the temporoparietal regions reported more somesthetic and vestibular experiences. There were ...
Source: Epilepsy and Behaviour - January 21, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Persinger MA, Saroka KS Tags: Epilepsy Behav Source Type: research

Giant cell arteritis incidence: analysis by season and year in mid‐Atlantic United States
ConclusionThe incidence of biopsy‐proven GCA in the population studied did not have any significant cyclic pattern over the last 17 years. The highest incidence by month was noted in July with a trough in October. However, this was not a significant pattern by month or season to support infectious or periodic environmental factors inciting GCA.
Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - January 21, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Krystian Kisza, Ann P Murchison, Yang Dai, Jurij R Bilyk, Ralph C Eagle, Robert Sergott, Peter J Savino Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Ross syndrome: A lesson from a monozygotic twin pair
Ross syndrome is a rare autonomic disorder described by Ross in 19581 and characterized by tonic pupil, hyporeflexia, and segmental anhidrosis. A postganglionic cholinergic nerve degeneration of unknown cause underlies this condition2 although erratic association with Sjögren3 and antinuclear antibody4 positivity has led some authors to hypothesize immunologic causes. Familial cases have not been reported.
Source: Neurology - January 21, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Nolano, M., Provitera, V., Donadio, V., Stancanelli, A., Saltalamacchia, A., Caporaso, G., Santoro, L. Tags: Autonomic diseases, Pupils CLINICAL/SCIENTIFIC NOTES Source Type: research

Emerging subspecialties in Neurology: Transcranial stimulation
Treating neurologic disorders with noninvasive brain stimulation techniques has always been one of the major goals of neurophysiology and to a broad extent, of modern neurology and psychiatry. The first attempts date back at least to 50 ad, when the Roman physician Scribonius Largus used electric currents from torpedo fishes to treat headaches.1 Unfortunately, these initial efforts sank into oblivion until the 18th century. In the last 2 decades, thanks to technological improvements, noninvasive transcranial stimulation is re-emerging as an appealing and promising approach to be used in different fields of neurology and ne...
Source: Neurology - January 21, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Peruzzotti-Jametti, L., Bacigaluppi, M., Sandrone, S., Cambiaghi, M. Tags: RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research

Intermittent nicotine exposure upregulates nAChRs in VTA dopamine neurons and sensitises locomotor responding to the drug
Abstract Dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) mediate the behavioral and motivational effects of many drugs of abuse, including nicotine. Repeated intermittent administration of these drugs, a pattern often associated with initial drug exposure, sensitises the reactivity of dopamine (DA) neurons in this pathway, enhances the locomotor behaviors the drugs emit, and promotes their pursuit and self‐administration. Here we show that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the VTA, but not the NAcc, is essential for the induction of locomotor sensit...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lorinda K. Baker, Danyan Mao, Henry Chi, Anitha P. Govind, Yolanda F. Vallejo, Michael Iacoviello, Stacy Herrera, James J. Cortright, William N. Green, Daniel S. McGehee, Paul Vezina Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Superior colliculus inactivation alters the relationship between covert visual attention and microsaccades
Abstract Microsaccades are tiny saccades that occur during gaze fixation. Whereas these movements have traditionally been viewed as random, it was recently discovered that microsaccade directions can be significantly biased by covertly attended visual stimuli. The detailed mechanisms mediating such a bias are neither known nor immediately obvious, especially because the amplitudes of the movements influenced by attentional cueing could be up to two orders of magnitude smaller than the eccentricity of the attended location. Here, we tested whether activity in the peripheral superior colliculus (SC) is necessary for this cor...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ziad M. Hafed, Lee P. Lovejoy, Richard J. Krauzlis Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

The fine structure of the dopaminergic innervation of area 10 of macaque prefrontal cortex
In this study we examined dopaminergic axons in prefrontal Area 10 of macaque monkey. Boutons containing vesicles and axonal segments were examined using electron microscopy in long series of sections, but synapses were rare. Boutons were randomly distributed and nearest neighbours were separated by ~9 μm in 3‐D. Our anatomical observations support the hypothesis of a non‐synaptic release of dopamine into the extracellular space, thus broadcasting a signal to receptors distributed anywhere across the cortical neuropil.
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kevan A. C. Martin, Isabelle A. Spühler Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Comments on ‘What is a rational antidepressant treatment for major depression in patients with Parkinson's disease?’
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chi‐Un Pae Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Resting motor threshold changes in vagus nerve stimulation‐treated patients during on/off‐stimulation conditions
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Helge H. Müller, Johannes Kornhuber, Wolfgang Sperling Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Training workshop on caring for suicide attempters implemented by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Maki Hirata, Chiaki Kawanishi, Nene Oyama, Yasushi Miyake, Kotaro Otsuka, Tomoki Yamada, Yasuhiro Kishi, Hiroto Ito, Ryousuke Arakawa Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Details always tell a big story: Importance of physical symptoms in evaluation of secondary causes of depression
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kavita Nagpal, Naren P. Rao, Rishikesh V. Behere, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Shivarama Varambally, Bangalore N. Gangadhar Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Self‐awareness of executive dysfunction in Huntington's disease: Comparison with Parkinson's disease and cervical dystonia
This study assessed self‐awareness of executive deficits in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) in comparison to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and with cervical dystonia (CD). Eighty‐nine patient–proxy pairs participated in the study (23 with HD, 25 with advanced PD, 21 with mild PD and 20 with CD). Executive function was assessed with the Stroop test and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire. Insight into executive impairment in HD is mildly affected, when compared to PD and CD.
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Emilia J. Sitek, Witold Sołtan, Dariusz Wieczorek, Michał Schinwelski, Piotr Robowski, Michał Harciarek, Katarzyna Guzińska, Jarosław Sławek Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Generalized anxiety disorder, subthreshold anxiety and anxiety symptoms in primary headache
ConclusionHeadache sufferers seem to have a high prevalence of anxiety symptoms and SubAnx. In addition, the presence of two or more anxiety criteria (not necessarily fulfilling all the criteria for GAD) was associated with having a headache disorder.
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Giancarlo Lucchetti, Mario F. P. Peres, Alessandra L. G. Lucchetti, Juliane P. P. Mercante, Vera Z. Guendler, Eliova Zukerman Tags: Regular Article Source Type: research

Changes in heart rate variability during TOVA testing in patients with major depressive disorder
ConclusionsThe resting HRV parameters may provide easily measured, clinically useful ways to identify patients with MDD and to monitor their progress in treatment.
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tsu‐Wang Shen, Fang‐Chih Liu, Shaw‐Ji Chen, Shao‐Tsu Chen Tags: Regular Article Source Type: research

Broader autistic phenotype in parents of children with autism: Autism Spectrum Quotient–Turkish version
ConclusionSocial skill and communication subscales differentiate AD parents more successfully, and are more sensitive, as reported in other studies. The present findings confirm that social skill and communication impairments in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders are indicators of BAP.
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sezen Kose, Emre Bora, Serpil Erermiş, Burcu Özbaran, Tezan Bildik, Cahide Aydın Tags: Regular Article Source Type: research

Ecstasy (3, 4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine) use among Japanese rave population
ConclusionsOur results clearly suggest that rave attendees have a higher lifetime prevalence of MDMA use than the Japanese general population (0.2% reported in 2007). MDMA users are deeply involved in rave parties, and MDMA use may have high potential to generate close relationships among rave attendees. Therefore, MDMA users may have more opportunities to access MDMA than cannabis users and non‐drug controls.
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Takuya Shimane, Yasuharu Hidaka, Kiyoshi Wada, Masahiko Funada Tags: Regular Article Source Type: research

Effects of menopause on brain structural changes in schizophrenia
ConclusionDifferential morphological alterations between postmenopausal and premenopausal schizophrenia patients were observed, suggesting that the female hormone plays a protective role against schizophrenia.
Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences - January 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hajime Fukuta, Itsuo Ito, Amane Tateno, Tsuyoshi Nogami, Yasutomo Taiji, Ryosuke Arakawa, Tetsuya Suhara, Kunihiko Asai, Yoshiro Okubo Tags: Regular Article Source Type: research

The Presentation and Classification of Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Where to From Here?
In this brief commentary, we reflect on two issues attendant to the comprehensive review of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by Kerns and Kendall (2012). Specifically, we explore (a) issues related to unique and shared features of anxiety in youth with ASD and neurotypical youth and (b) the meaning of validation in psychological research. We conclude that anxiety in youth with ASD is characterized by a set of unique features that must be considered in assessing anxiety in these youth and that test instruments must attend to various aspects of a complex validation process. We conclude that validation is ...
Source: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice - January 21, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White Tags: COMMENTARIES Source Type: research

Peri- and Postnatal Development of Cerebellar Compartments in the Mouse.
Abstract The adult cerebellar cortex is compartmentalized into longitudinal stripes, in which Purkinje cells (PCs) have compartment-specific molecular expression profiles. Since the striped compartments have specific afferent and efferent projection patterns, they underlie the functional localization of the cerebellum. How these compartments form during development is generally not understood. Our recent study focuses on development of the cerebellar compartmentalization from embryonic day 17.5 (E17.5), when embryonic clustered compartmentalization is evidently observed, to postnatal day 6 (P6), when adult-type str...
Source: Cerebellum - January 20, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sugihara I, Fujita H Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research

Pheromonal bile acid 3-ketopetromyzonol sulfate primes the neuroendocrine system in sea lamprey
Conclusions: We conclude that a single male pheromone component primes the HPG axis in immature sea lamprey in a sexually dimorphic manner.
Source: BMC Neuroscience - Latest articles - January 20, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yu-Wen Chung-DavidsonHuiyong WangMichael SiefkesMara BryanHong WuNicholas JohnsonWeiming Li Source Type: research

Oligodendrogenesis from neural stem cells: perspectives for remyelinating strategies.
Abstract Mobilization of remyelinating cells spontaneously occurs in the adult brain. These cellular resources are specially active after demyelinating episodes in early phases of multiple sclerosis (MS). Indeed, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) actively proliferate, migrate to and repopulate the lesioned areas. Ultimately, efficient remyelination is accomplished when new oligodendrocytes reinvest nude neuronal axons, restoring the normal properties of impulse conduction. As the disease progresses this fundamental process fails. Multiple causes seem to contribute to such transient decline, including the failu...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - January 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Grade S, Bernardino L, Malva JO Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: research

Probucol Affords Neuroprotection in a 6-OHDA Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of probucol on the vulnerability of striatal dopaminergic neurons to oxidative stress in a PD in vivo model. Swiss mice were treated with probucol during 21 days (11.8 mg/kg; oral route). Two weeks after the beginning of treatment, mice received a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). On the 21st day, locomotor performance, striatal oxidative stress-related parameters, and striatal tyrosine hydroxylase and synaptophysin levels, were measured as outcomes of toxicity. 6-OHDA-infused mice showed hyperlocomotion and a significant dec...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ribeiro RP, Moreira EL, Santos DB, Colle D, Dos Santos AA, Peres KC, Figueiredo CP, Farina M Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Anxiolytic Properties of New Chemical Entity, 5TIO1.
Abstract 2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzylidene)amino]-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile), 5TIO1, is a new 2-aminothiophene derivative with a promising pharmacological activity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential anxiolytic effect of 5TIO1 in animal models. In the elevated plus-maze test, 5TIO1 (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg, i.p) increased the time of permanence and the number of entries in the open arms. In the light/dark box test, 5TIO1 at dose of 0.1 mg/kg (i.p) also showed anxiolytic-like effect indicated by an increase in the time spent in the light box, similar to diazepam 2.0 mg/kg (i.p...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fortes AC, Almeida AA, Mendonça-Júnior FJ, Freitas RM, Soares-Sobrinho JL, de La Roca Soares MF Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Topography of Inferior Olivary Neurons that Encode Canal and Otolith Inputs.
Abstract Vestibular information arising from rotational head movement and that from translational head movement are detected respectively by the semicircular canal and otolith organ in the inner ear. Spatiotemporal cues are in turn processed by the vestibulo-olivo-cerebellar pathway for sensorimotor coordination, but the role of the inferior olive (IO) in this pathway remains unclear. To address whether rotational and translational movements are differentially represented in the IO, we studied the distribution pattern of IO neurons recruited into the circuitry following selective activation of receptor hair cells o...
Source: Cerebellum - January 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ma CW, Lai CH, Chow BK, Shum DK, Chan YS Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research

Potassium‐induced cortical spreading depression bilaterally suppresses the electroencephalogram but only ipsilaterally affects red blood cell velocity in intraparenchymal capillaries
Abstract Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a repetitive, propagating profile of mass depolarization of neuronal and glial cells, followed by sustained suppression of spontaneous neuronal activity. We have reported a long‐lasting suppressive effect on red blood cell (RBC) velocities in intraparenchymal capillaries. Here, to test the hypothesis that the prolonged decrease of RBC velocity in capillaries is due to suppression of neuronal activity, we measured CSD‐elicited changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) as an index of neuronal activity. In isoflurane‐anesthetized rats, DC potential, EEG, partial pressure o...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - January 18, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Miyuki Unekawa, Yutaka Tomita, Haruki Toriumi, Kazuto Masamoto, Iwao Kanno, Norihiro Suzuki Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Searching for the Jennifer Aniston Neuron [Excerpt]
Reprinted from Borges and Memory: Encounters with the Human Brain , by Rodrigo Quian Quiroga. Copyright © 2013, by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Used with permission of the publisher The MIT Press. See a previous excerpt on the famous Borges story, Funes the Memorious . [More]
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - January 18, 2013 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Thought Cognition,More Science,Neuroscience,Mind Brain,Everyday Science Source Type: research

Health Care Rationing Is Nothing New [Excerpt]
Editor's Note: Excerpted from Health Care for Some: Rights and Rationing in the United States since 1930 , by Beatrix Hoffman, by arrangement with the University of Chicago Press. Copyright © Beatrix Hoffman, 2012. [More]
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - January 18, 2013 Category: Science Tags: Health,History of Science,Mind & Brain,Society Policy,Everyday Science,Pharmaceuticals,Neurological Disorders,Psychiatry,Psychology,Thought Cognition,Ethics,Medical Technology,Health,More Science Source Type: research

Signaling Differentiation
The six-transmembrane protein GDE2 promotes differentiation through extracellular glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GDPD) activity and induces neuronal differentiation through inhibition of Notch signaling—a major pathway that maintains stem or progenitor cell states … [Read more]
Source: This Week in Science - January 18, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Stewart Wills (mailto:swills at aaas.org) Source Type: research

[Report] Adolescent Stress–Induced Epigenetic Control of Dopaminergic Neurons via Glucocorticoids
Genetically susceptible mice isolated during adolescence can subsequently present schizophrenia-like symptoms. [Also see Perspective by McEwen]Authors: Minae Niwa, Hanna Jaaro-Peled, Stephanie Tankou, Saurav Seshadri, Takatoshi Hikida, Yurie Matsumoto, Nicola G. Cascella, Shin-ichi Kano, Norio Ozaki, Toshitaka Nabeshima, Akira Sawa
Source: Science: Current Issue - January 18, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Minae Niwa Source Type: research

[Report] Chronic Stress Triggers Social Aversion via Glucocorticoid Receptor in Dopaminoceptive Neurons
Aggressive defeat stress in mice causes glucocorticoid release and increased activity in the dopamine system. [Also see Perspective by McEwen]Authors: Jacques Barik, Fabio Marti, Carole Morel, Sebastian P. Fernandez, Christophe Lanteri, Gérard Godeheu, Jean-Pol Tassin, Cédric Mombereau, Philippe Faure, François Tronche
Source: Science: Current Issue - January 18, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Jacques Barik Source Type: research

[Report] GDE2 Promotes Neurogenesis by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchor Cleavage of RECK
A molecular mechanism to inhibit Delta-Notch signaling and initiate neurogenesis is elucidated.Authors: Sungjin Park, Changhee Lee, Priyanka Sabharwal, Mei Zhang, Caren L. Freel Meyers, Shanthini Sockanathan
Source: Science: Current Issue - January 18, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Sungjin Park Source Type: research

[Perspective] Neuroscience: Hormones and the Social Brain
Social stress can act through glucocorticoids on discrete dopamine-controlled neuronal pathways in the rodent brain to influence behavior. [Also see Reports by Barik et al. and Niwa et al.]Author: Bruce S. McEwen
Source: Science: Current Issue - January 18, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Bruce S. McEwen Source Type: research

[News Focus] Neuroscience: The Promise and Perils of Oxytocin
Is oxytocin the next revolution in psychiatric medicine—or an overhyped hormone that could make some patients worse?Author: Greg Miller
Source: Science: Current Issue - January 18, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Greg Miller Source Type: research

Chipmaker Races to Save Stephen Hawking s Speech as His Condition Deteriorates
Renowned physicist Stephen Hawking has long relied on technology to help him connect with the outside world despite the degenerative motor neuron disease he has battled for the past 50 years. Whereas Hawking’s condition has deteriorated over time, a highly respected computer scientist indicated at last week’s International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) that he and his team may be close to a breakthrough that could boost the rate at which the physicist communicates, which has fallen to a mere one word per minute in recent years. [More]
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - January 18, 2013 Category: Science Tags: Technology,Mind & Brain,Computing,More Science,Communications,Health Source Type: research