Parasitology 
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.
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Identification Of Potential New Treatment For Leishmaniasis
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Researchers at the University of Dundee have identified fexinidazole as a possible, much-needed, new treatment for the parasitic disease visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is named after William Leishman, a Glasgwegian doctor serving with the British Army in India, who first identified the parasite in the early 1900s. The disease is the second biggest killer in Africa, Asia and Latin America after malaria, and affects 500,000 people, killing about 50-60,000 patients per year... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - February 6, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Tropical Diseases Source Type: news
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis as a potential vector of Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfishEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study demonstrated that Ich could vector E. ictaluri to channel catfish.© 2012 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved (Source: FEMS Microbiology Letters)
Source: FEMS Microbiology Letters - February 6, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: De‐Hai XuCraig A. ShoemakerPhillip H. Klesius Tags: Research Letter Source Type: research
Mystery bird: mistletoebird, Dicaeum hirundinaceum | @GrrlScientistEmail this article to a colleague.
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This distinctive Australian mystery bird is named for one of its life history traits (includes video) Mistletoebird, Dicaeum hirundinaceum (protonym, Motacilla hirundinacea), Shaw, 1792, also known as the mistletoe flowerpecker, the Australian flowerpecker or as the fire-breasted flowerpecker, photographed in New South Wales, Australia. Image: Marie-Louise Ng, 24 December 2011 (with permission) [velociraptorize].Nikon D7000 Question: This distinctive Australian mystery bird is named for one of its life history traits. What trait is that? Can you identify this bird's taxonomic family and species? Response: This is an adult ...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 5, 2012 Category: Science Authors: GrrlScientist Tags: Science guardian.co.uk Blogposts Source Type: news
Multifunctional CD4(+) T cells in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of important parasitic diseases affecting millions worldwide. To understand more clearly the quality of T helper type 1 (Th1) response stimulated after Leishmania infection, we applied a multiparametric flow cytometry protocol to evaluate multifunctional T cells induced by crude antigen extracts obtained from promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis (LbAg) and Leishmania amazonensis (LaAg) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healed cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. Although no significant difference was detected in the percentage of total interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4(+)...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - February 5, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Macedo AB, Sánchez-Arcila JC, Schubach AO, Mendonça SC, Marins-Dos-Santos A, de Fatima Madeira M, Gagini T, Pimentel MI, De Luca PM Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: research
Peter Seeberger: we can treat malaria for lessEmail this article to a colleague.
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Artemisinin is the most effective malaria treatment yet discovered. Peter Seeberger has found a way to to make it from the waste products of its current manufactureArtemisinin, a drug extracted from the sweet wormwood plant, is the most effective treatment for malaria ever discovered. Every year, millions of doses of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) are donated to Africa and Asia, greatly reducing the worldwide burden of the parasitical disease. But extracting artemisinin is expensive and because it takes time to cultivate the plant there are often bottlenecks in supply.But Peter H Seeberger, the director of the Ma...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 4, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Mark Honigsbaum Tags: Malaria Medical research Chemistry Infectious diseases Microbiology Science The Observer Features Interviews Technology Source Type: news
Understanding metal doping for organic electron transport layersEmail this article to a colleague.
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Alexander Mityashin, David Cheyns, Barry P. Rand, and Paul Heremans This work concerns the physical mechanisms of metal n-doping in charge transport layers for optoelectronic devices, for which the doping level is constrained by transparency requirements so as to avoid parasitic absorption. Comparing various metal dopants, we claim that enhanced conductivity at low ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 053305 (2012)] published Wed Feb 1, 2012. (Source: Applied Physics Letters)
Source: Applied Physics Letters - February 3, 2012 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Lab Notes: Wall Street Success GeneticEmail this article to a colleague.
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(MedPage Today) -- A look at why some stockbrokers are successful, a study that brings oncologists' worst nightmare to life, and a timely Eureka moment in the war against parasites highlight this week's collection of Lab Notes. (Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular)
Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular - February 3, 2012 Category: Cardiology Source Type: news
Mystery bird: dunnock, Prunella modularis | @GrrlScientistEmail this article to a colleague.
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This drab British mystery bird has a colourful sex life that would make America's Tea Partiers faint Hedge accentor, Prunella modularis (protonym, Motacilla modularis), also known as the hedge sparrow, the shuffle-wing, or as the dunnock accentor, the European dunnock or, most famously (especially in Britain), just as the dunnock, photographed in Brereton Heath Local Nature Reserve, Cheshire, UK. Image: Roy Hill, 23 January 2012 (with permission) [velociraptorize].Canon EOS 5D Mark II 135mm f/2L + 1.4 extender As a reminder, here's the original mystery bird image I shared two days ago: Question: This British mystery bird i...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Authors: GrrlScientist Tags: Science guardian.co.uk Blogposts Source Type: news
Parasites or not? Transposable elements in DNA of fruit flies may be beneficialEmail this article to a colleague.
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Many living organisms suffer from parasites, which use the hosts’ resources for their own purposes. The problem of parasitism occurs at all levels right down to the DNA scale. Genomes may contain up to 80% “foreign” DNA but details of the mechanisms by which this enters the host genome and how hosts attempt to combat its spread are still the subject of conjecture. Nearly all organisms contain pieces of DNA that do not really belong to them. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - February 3, 2012 Category: Science Source Type: news
Food assimilated by two sympatric populations of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Delphacidae) feeding on different host plants contaminates insect DNA detected by RAPD-PCR analysis.Email this article to a colleague.
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Food assimilated by two sympatric populations of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Delphacidae) feeding on different host plants contaminates insect DNA detected by RAPD-PCR analysis.
Genet Mol Res. 2012;11(1):30-41
Authors: Latif MA, Omar MY, Tan SG, Siraj SS, Ali ME, Rafii MY
Abstract
Contamination of insect DNA for RAPD-PCR analysis can be a problem because many primers are non-specific and DNA from parasites or gut contents may be simultaneously extracted along with that of the insect. We measured the quantity of food ingested and assimilated by two sympatric populations of brown planthopper (BP...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Research - February 3, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Latif MA, Omar MY, Tan SG, Siraj SS, Ali ME, Rafii MY Tags: Genet Mol Res Source Type: research
Malaria Deaths Grossly UnderestimatedEmail this article to a colleague.
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A new analysis of malaria mortality published in The Lancet this week suggests deaths to the parasitic disease worldwide have been grossly underestimated, especially in adults. If confirmed, the study has huge implications for how large amounts of charity money are spent in controlling the disease. However, the study also finds that thanks to improved prevention and treatment, such as anti-malaria drugs and insecticide-treated bed nets, deaths to malaria are falling rapidly... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - February 3, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Tropical Diseases Source Type: news
Malaria deaths 'higher than expected'Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion
This study has looked at a lot of data and used systematic methods to examine trends in malaria mortality over the past 30 years. It shows that malaria in 2010 was the cause of death for 1.2 million individuals, including 714,000 deaths in children younger than five years and 524,000 in individuals aged five years or older. The results tend to show an increase in mortality from 1980 to peak levels in 2004, but since then a clear decline.
The researchers say that the recent decrease in malaria mortality in Africa in particular is due to malaria control activities being increased, supported by international help. ...
Source: NHS News Feed - February 3, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medical practice Source Type: news
Regulation of Myb by Cdk2 in Giardia [Microbiology]Email this article to a colleague.
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The protozoan Giardia lamblia parasitizes the human small intestine to cause diseases. It undergoes differentiation into infectious cysts by responding to intestinal stimulation. How the activated signal transduction pathways relate to encystation stimulation remain largely unknown. During encystation, genes encoding cyst wall proteins (CWPs) are coordinately up-regulated by a Myb2 transcription factor. Because cell differentiation is linked to cell cycle regulation, we tried to understand the role of cell cycle regulators, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), in encystation. We found that the recombinant Myb2 was phosphorylat...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - February 3, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Cho, C.-C., Su, L.-H., Huang, Y.-C., Pan, Y.-J., Sun, C.-H. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research
Cytoadherence and virulence - the case of Plasmodium knowlesi malariaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Another twist in the tale of cytoadherence ? Is in vitro cytoadherence really a marker of virulence, even in case of parasites, such as P. knowlesi or P. vivax, which are not normally sequestered ? (Source: Malaria Journal)
Source: Malaria Journal - February 3, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Farrah FatihAngela SinerAtique AhmedLu Chan WoonAlister CraigBalbir SinghSanjeev KrishnaJanet Cox-Singh Source Type: research
Parasites or not? Transposable elements in fruit fliesEmail this article to a colleague.
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(University of Veterinary Medicine -- Vienna) The problem of parasitism occurs at all levels right down to the DNA scale. Genomes may contain up to 80 percent "foreign" DNA but details of the mechanisms by which this enters the host genome and how hosts attempt to combat its spread are still the subject of conjecture. Important new information comes from the group of Christian Schlötterer at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna. The findings are published in the prestigious journal PLoS Genetics. (Source: EurekAlert! - Biology)
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - February 3, 2012 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Malaria kills twice as many people as previously thought, research findsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Malaria kills 1.2 million people every year, a finding that has implications for global efforts to eliminate the diseaseMalaria kills twice as many people every year as formerly believed, taking 1.2 million lives and causing the deaths not only of babies but also older children and adults, according to research that overturns decades of assumptions about one of the world's most lethal diseases.The findings from the research, published on Friday, which has reanalysed 30 years of data on the disease using new techniques, will force a rethink of the huge global effort that has been under way to eliminate malaria. That ambitio...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 2, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Sarah Boseley Tags: Malaria Society Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria Global development World news Infectious diseases Medical research Science The Guardian Source Type: news
Development of a novel real-time PCR-based strategy for simple and rapid molecular pathotyping of Newcastle disease virusEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract A novel real-time PCR strategy was applied to simultaneously detect and to discriminate low-pathogenic lentogenic and virulent
meso/velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The pathotyping is achieved by a three-step semi-nested PCR. A pre-amplification
of the cleavage site (CS) region of the F gene is followed by a two-level duplex real-time PCR directly targeting the CS,
combining detection and pathotyping in a single tube. A wide range of NDV isolates spanning all genotypes were successfully
detected and pathotyped. Clinical samples from outbreaks in Sweden in 2010 that were positive by the novel...
Source: Archives of Virology - February 2, 2012 Category: Virology Tags: Archives of Virology Source Type: research
Multifunctional CD4+T cells in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasisEmail this article to a colleague.
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SummaryLeishmaniasis is a group of important parasitic diseases affecting millions worldwide. To understand more clearly the quality of T helper type 1 (Th1) response stimulated after Leishmania infection, we applied a multiparametric flow cytometry protocol to evaluate multifunctional T cells induced by crude antigen extracts obtained from promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis (LbAg) and Leishmania amazonensis (LaAg) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healed cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. Although no significant difference was detected in the percentage of total interferon (IFN)‐γ‐producing CD4+T cells ...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology - February 2, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: A. B. B. MacedoJ. C. Sánchez‐ArcilaA. O. SchubachS. C. F. MendonçaA. Marins‐Dos‐SantosM. de Fatima MadeiraT. GaginiM. I. F. PimentelP. M. De Luca Source Type: research
A Survey of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Olive Baboons (Papio anubis) in Human Settlement areas of Mole National Park, Ghana.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Abstract Fecal samples from 55 free-ranging olive baboons (Papio anubis) in Mole National Park, Ghana, were collected June 22-July 7, 2008, and analyzed for gastrointestinal parasites. This is the first survey of baboon gastrointestinal parasites in Ghana and provides baseline data for this area. Ninety-three percent of samples were infected, leaving 7% with no parasites observed. Of those infected, there was a 76% prevalence of Strongyles, 53% Strongyloides spp., 11% Abbreviata caucasica, 62% prevalence of Balantidium coli (trophozoites and cysts identified), 4% Entomeba hystolytica/dispar and 47% uniden...
Source: The Journal of Parasitology - February 2, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Ryan SJ, Brashares JS, Walsh C, Milbers K, Kilroy CM, Chapman CA Tags: J Parasitol Source Type: research
DNA barcoding of parasitic nematodes: Is it kosher?Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Abstract Nematode parasites were encountered in kosher certified fish meat and roe, and the question was raised as to whether or not these food products were kosher as it concerns food preparation standards; a matter that pertains to the identity and, by extension, the lifecycle of the parasites. To ascertain the identities of parasitic nematodes, given the distorted or damaged nature of the specimens, molecular techniques were applied in the form of DNA barcoding. To our knowledge, this is the first application of this technique to an obviously cultural concern, as opposed to one of health or economic si...
Source: The Journal of Parasitology - February 2, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Siddall ME, Kvist S, Phillips AJ, Oceguera-Figueroa AF Tags: J Parasitol Source Type: research
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dogs in Jiangsu Province, eastern China.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Abstract There is a lack of epidemiological data on Toxoplasma gondii infection in dogs from eastern China. In the present study, serum samples from 288 dogs were collected from Xuzhou, Huaiyin and Yianchen in Jiangsu Province, eastern China in August 2010, and detected T. gondii antibodies by a modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 62 of 288 (21.5%), with MAT titers of 1:25 in 21 dogs, 1:50 in 15 dogs, 1:100 in 11 dogs, 1:200 in 6 dogs, 1:400 and above in 3 dogs. The seroprevalence in dogs ≥3 year-old was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in dogs <3 year-o...
Source: The Journal of Parasitology - February 2, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Yongmei L, Quan L, Shumin L, Feng W, Hongtao J, Minghui Y Tags: J Parasitol Source Type: research
Parasites of flier, centrarchus macropterus, from prairie and channel habitats in the okefenokee swamp, georgia.Email this article to a colleague.
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PARASITES OF FLIER, CENTRARCHUS MACROPTERUS, FROM PRAIRIE AND CHANNEL HABITATS IN THE OKEFENOKEE SWAMP, GEORGIA.
J Parasitol. 2012 Feb 2;
Authors: Zelmer DA, Brewer SA, Hanlin HG
Abstract
Abstract Flier (Centrarchus macropterus: Centrarchidae) were collected from a channel habitat, a prairie habitat, and from a boundary between the 2 habitat types in March of 2009, and examined for parasites. Flier from the prairie site had a significantly lower abundance of Pterocleidus acer, and a significantly higher abundance of Hysterothylaceum juveniles. Patterns of infracommunity similarity showed a distinct break b...
Source: The Journal of Parasitology - February 2, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Zelmer DA, Brewer SA, Hanlin HG Tags: J Parasitol Source Type: research
Maternal Care in the Soft Tick Antricola marginatus.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Abstract Among spiders, scorpions, and whip spiders, a common type of maternal care consists of females carrying newly hatched offspring on their body for a few days, until the offspring is able to live independently. While this maternal care has been suggested to occur in different argasid tick species, it has been recorded only once, for Antricola marginatus in Cuba; however, this earlier record only superficially mentioned the occurrence of this behavior, with no further details. Here, we report the occurrence of maternal care in the argasid tick A. marginatus under natural conditions in a cave at Yuca...
Source: The Journal of Parasitology - February 2, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Labruna MB, Nava S, Guzmán-Cornejo C, Venzal JM Tags: J Parasitol Source Type: research
Copy number variation of individual cattle genomes using next-generation sequencing [RESOURCES]Email this article to a colleague.
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Copy number variations (CNVs) affect a wide range of phenotypic traits; however, CNVs in or near segmental duplication regions are often intractable. Using a read depth approach based on next-generation sequencing, we examined genome-wide copy number differences among five taurine (three Angus, one Holstein and one Hereford) and one indicine (Nelore) cattle. Within mapped chromosomal sequence, we identified 1,265 CNV regions comprising ~55.6 Mbp sequence - 476 of which (~38%) have not previously been reported. We validated this sequence-based CNV call set with aCGH, qPCR and FISH, achieving a validation rate of 82% and a f...
Source: Genome Research - February 2, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Bickhart, D. M., Hou, Y., Schroeder, S. G., Alkan, C., Cardone, M. F., Matukumalli, L. K., Song, J., Schnabel, R. D., Ventura, M., Taylor, J. F., Garcia, J. F., Van Tassell, C. P., Sonstegard, T. S., Eichler, E. E., Liu, G. E. Tags: RESOURCES Source Type: research
Genotyping for cytokine polymorphisms in a Northern Ivory Coast population reveals a high frequency of the heterozygote genotypes for the TNF‐α‐308G/A SNPEmail this article to a colleague.
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SummaryCytokine polymorphisms influence the outcomes of parasitic diseases and vary among populations because of their different evolutionary histories and selective pressures imposed by host–pathogen interactions. In this frame, we investigated the frequencies of TNF‐α (‐308G/A), TGF‐β1 (codon 10C/T, codon 25C/G) and IL‐10 (‐1082A/G) SNPs in 133 individuals from Ouangolodougou, a rural village in Northern Ivory Coast, where malaria and other parasitic diseases are endemic. The SNPs alleles were determined by ARMS‐PCR methodology. Allele frequencies of the SNPs investigated were as follows: IL 10 ‐1082G...
Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics - February 2, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: A. SantovitoP. CervellaD. SchleicherovaM. Delpero Source Type: research
Validation of the Rapid Assessment Procedure for Loiasis (RAPLOA) in the Democratic Republic of CongoEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study was designed to validate RAPLOA in two regions in the North East and South West of the Democratic Republic of Congo. In each selected community, 80 people above the age of 15 years were interviewed for a history of eye and parasitologically examined for the presence and intensity of L. loa infection. The results confirmed the findings of the original RAPLOA study and the methodology is recommended for the assessment of loiasis endemicity in areas targeted for ivermectin treatment by lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis control programmes. Image: RAPLOA Interview; Field surveyor showing the picture of L. loa i...
Source: BioMed Central - February 2, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Samuel WanjiDowo O AkotshiMaurice N MutroTepage FloribertTony O UketyPeter J DiggleJan H Remme Source Type: research
Measurement of the plasma levels of antibodies against the polymorphic vaccine candidate apical membrane antigen 1 in a malaria-exposed populationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
The current data shows that levels of naturally acquired antigen-specific antibodies, especially in infants and young children, are dependent on the antigenic allele used for measurement. This may be relevant to the interpretation of antibody titre data from measurements against single PfAMA1 alleles, especially in studies involving infants and young children who have experienced fewer infections. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - February 2, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kwadwo KusiDaniel DodooSamuel BosomprahMarjolein van der EijkBart FaberClemens KockenEdmond Remarque Source Type: research
Potential new treatment identified for leishmaniasisEmail this article to a colleague.
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(University of Dundee) Researchers at the University of Dundee have identified fexinidazole as a possible, much-needed, new treatment for the parasitic disease visceral leishmaniasis. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - February 2, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news
False-Negative Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria and Deletion of the Histidine-Rich Repeat Region of the hrp2 Gene{dagger}.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Abstract. We identified 480 persons with positive thick smears for asexual Plasmodium falciparum parasites, of whom 454 had positive rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) product of the hrp2 gene and 26 had negative tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for the histidine-rich repeat region of that gene was negative in one-half (10/22) of false-negative specimens available, consistent with spontaneous deletion. False-negative RDTs were found only in persons with asymptomatic infections, and multiplicities of infection (MOIs) were lower in persons with false-neg...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - February 1, 2012 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Koita OA, Doumbo OK, Ouattara A, Tall LK, Konaré A, Diakité M, Diallo M, Sagara I, Masinde GL, Doumbo SN, Dolo A, Tounkara A, Traoré I, Krogstad DJ Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research
Compliance, Safety, and Effectiveness of Fixed-Dose Artesunate-Amodiaquine for Presumptive Treatment of Non-Severe Malaria in the Context of Home Management of Malaria in Madagascar.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study provides comprehensive data concerning the clinical cure rate obtained with artesunate-amodiaquine and evidence supporting the scaling up of home management of malaria.
PMID: 22302849 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - February 1, 2012 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ratsimbasoa A, Ravony H, Vonimpaisomihanta JA, Raherinjafy R, Jahevitra M, Rapelanoro R, Rakotomanga JD, Malvy D, Millet P, Ménard D Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research
Different Patterns of pfcrt and pfmdr1 Polymorphisms in P. falciparum Isolates from Nigeria and Brazil: The Potential Role of Antimalarial Drug Selection Pressure.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Abstract. The effect of antimalarial drug selection on pfcrt and pfmdr1 polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from two distinct geographical locations was determined in 70 and 18 P. falciparum isolates from Nigeria and Brazil, respectively, using nested polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing approaches. All isolates from Brazil and 72% from Nigeria harbored the mutant SVMNT and CVIET pfcrt haplotype, respectively. The pfcrt CVMNT haplotype was also observed in (7%) of the Nigerian samples. One hundred percent (100%) and 54% of the parasites from Brazil and Nigeria, respectively, harb...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - February 1, 2012 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Gbotosho GO, Folarin OA, Bustamante C, Pereira da Silva LH, Mesquita E, Sowunmi A, Zalis MG, Oduola AM, Happi CT Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research
Predictors of Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Children from a Malaria-Endemic Area of Papua New Guinea.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Abstract. Predictors of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) were assessed in 554 children in Papua New Guinea 0.2-10 years of age who were hospitalized with culture-proven meningitis, probable meningitis, or non-meningitic illness investigated by lumbar puncture. Forty-seven (8.5%) had proven meningitis and 36 (6.5%) had probable meningitis. Neck stiffness, Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs and, in children < 18 months of age, a bulging fontanel had positive likelihood ratios (LRs) ≥ 4.3 for proven/probable ABM. Multiple seizures and deep coma were less predictive (LR = 1.5-2.1). Single seizures and malari...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - February 1, 2012 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Laman M, Manning L, Greenhill AR, Mare T, Michael A, Shem S, Vince J, Lagani W, Hwaiwhanje I, Siba PM, Mueller I, Davis TM Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research
Infectious Etiologies of Acute Febrile Illness among Patients Seeking Health Care in South-Central Cambodia.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Abstract. The agents of human febrile illness can vary by region and country suggesting that diagnosis, treatment, and control programs need to be based on a methodical evaluation of area-specific etiologies. From December 2006 to December 2009, 9,997 individuals presenting with acute febrile illness at nine health care clinics in south-central Cambodia were enrolled in a study to elucidate the etiologies. Upon enrollment, respiratory specimens, whole blood, and serum were collected. Testing was performed for viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. Etiologies were identified in 38.0% of patients. Influe...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - February 1, 2012 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Kasper MR, Blair PJ, Touch S, Sokhal B, Yasuda CY, Williams M, Richards AL, Burgess TH, Wierzba TF, Putnam SD Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research
Pseudotumoral form of neuroschistosomiasis: report of three cases in ganzi, china.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Abstract. The authors report three rare cases of neuroschistosomiasis lacking extracranial involvement. No parasitic eggs were detected in the stool with the Kato-Katz thick smear methods. Computed tomography of the brains showed hypodense signals, and magnetic resonance imaging showed isointense signals on T1-weighted images, hyperintense signals on T2-weighted images, and intensely enhancing nodules in the brain after intravenous administration of gadolinium. High-grade gliomas were suspected, and operations or radiosurgery was performed. Cerebral schistosomiasis was confirmed in all cases by biopsy of t...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - February 1, 2012 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Wan H, Masataka H, Zhang LP, Zheng DF Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research
Factors Associated with Resistance to Schistosoma mansoni Infection in an Endemic Area of Bahia, Brazil.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Abstract. Detailed knowledge of factors associated with resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in endemic areas might facilitate more effective schistosomiasis control. We conducted a cross-sectional study of persons resistant to schistosomiasis and found no association between socioeconomic status and resistance to infection. Mononuclear cells of resistant subjects produced higher levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13 and interferon-γ upon stimulation with soluble egg antigen (SEA) compared with infected persons. When stimulated with Sm21.6 or Sm22.6, levels of IL-10 were higher in cell culture of r...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - February 1, 2012 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Oliveira RR, Figueiredo JP, Cardoso LS, Jabar RL, Souza RP, Wells MT, Carvalho EM, Fitzgerald DW, Barnes KC, Araújo MI, Glesby MJ Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research
Correlation of Pfg377 ortholog gene expression of Plasmodium vivax and mosquito infectionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion The cut‐off point of the expression level of Pfg377 ortholog gene could be used to predict the infectiousness of P. vivax gametocytes leading to mosquito infection and parasite transmission in the field. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - February 1, 2012 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: N. ChansamutS. BuatesR. TakhampunyaR. UdomsangpetchS. BantuchaiJ. Sattabongkot Source Type: research
Halophilanema prolata n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Allantonematidae), a parasite of the intertidal bug, Saldula laticollis (Reuter)(Hemiptera: Saldidae) on the Oregon coastEmail this article to a colleague.
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Halophilanema prolata (Nematoda: Allantonematidae) is described from the intertidal bug, Saldula laticollis on the Oregon coast. Infection rates ranged from 0 % to 85% depending on the microhabitat in the intertidal zone. Image: Parasitic female and juvenile stages of Halophilanema prolata removed from the hemocoel of the intertidal bug, Saldula laticollis on the Oregon coast. (Source: Parasites and Vectors)
Source: Parasites and Vectors - February 1, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: George Poinar Source Type: research
From red to white urine: a patient`s nightmare with a rather benign outcomeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
This case highlights a rare case of non-parasitic chyluria as a complication of urological work-up for macrohematuria of benign nature. (Source: BMC Nephrology)
Source: BMC Nephrology - February 1, 2012 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Benjamin KnierBetarix Bueschges-SeraphinKarl HilgersKerstin AmannMichael UderKai-Uwe EckardtJohannes Jacobi Source Type: research
Intersexuality in Crustacea: An environmental issue?Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
This paper aims to give a historical overview of current understanding about intersexuality in crustaceans, assesses gaps in our knowledge and asks whether it should be an environmental concern. The oldest known cases of intersexuality come from 70 million year old fossil crabs whilst the oldest published case of intersex crustacean stems from a 1730 Royal Society report of a gynandromorph lobster. Many crustacean species are sequential hermaphroditic or simultaneous hermaphrodites. Consequently, there has been confusion as to whether accounts of intersex in the literature are correct. Intersexuality is fa...
Source: Aquatic Toxicology - February 1, 2012 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ford AT Tags: Aquat Toxicol Source Type: research
Association of the level of IFN-{gamma} produced by T cells in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens with the size of skin test indurations among individuals with latent tuberculosis in a highly tuberculosis-endemic settingEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, the results of this study could provide indirect evidence for the prognostic use of the QFTGIT assay for progression of Mtb infection, though prospective follow-up studies are needed to provide direct evidence. (Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - February 1, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Legesse, M., Ameni, G., Mamo, G., Medhin, G., Bjune, G., Abebe, F. Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPERS Source Type: research
Targeting Malaria HotspotsEmail this article to a colleague.
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(Ivanhoe Newswire) – Malaria is a parasite disease that is passed from one human to another by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. (Source: Medical Headlines From Ivanhoe.com)
Source: Medical Headlines From Ivanhoe.com - February 1, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news
Global Update: Joint Effort Announced Against Tropical DiseasesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Companies, governments and nonprofit organizations are releasing money, access to databases and outreach efforts to counter diseases such as leprosy and guinea worm. (Source: NYT)
Source: NYT - January 31, 2012 Category: American Health Authors: By DONALD G. McNEIL Jr. Tags: Parasites Philanthropy Guinea Worm Disease Medicine and Health World Bank Gates, Bill and Melinda, Foundation Lions Clubs International United Arab Emirates Great Britain Source Type: news
Equine cestodosis: a sero-epidemiological study of Anoplocephala perfoliata infection in EthiopiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract A 12/13 kDa antigen, tapeworm ELISA test, developed for use in horses, was used to detect parasite-specific serum antibody,
IgG(T), in the serum of donkeys. In a pilot study the 12/13 kDa antigen was tested and proved to detect the antibody, IgG(T),
in donkey sera. Blood samples from 797 donkeys, naturally exposed to cestode infection, from four geographical localities
were collected and sera were prepared and analysed. There was substantial serological evidence that donkeys were potentially
infected with A. perfoliata. A range of ELISA OD values were obtained from the serological assay. O...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - January 31, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Veterinary Research Communications Source Type: research
"Parasitic twin" found in Peru toddler's stomachEmail this article to a colleague.
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Doctors found Isbac Pacunda's would-be twin's bones in his stomach, to remove in surgery this week (Source: Health News: CBSNews.com)
Source: Health News: CBSNews.com - January 31, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news
Parasite-stress, cultures of honor, and the emergence of gender bias in purity norms.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Of the many far-reaching implications of Fincher & Thornhill's (F&T's) theory, we focus on the consequences of parasite stress for mating strategies, marriage, and the differing roles and restrictions for men and women. In particular, we explain how examination of cultures of honor can provide a theoretical bridge between effects of parasite stress and disproportionate emphasis on female purity.
PMID: 22289148 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - January 31, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Vandello JA, Hettinger VE Tags: Behav Brain Sci Source Type: research
Climato-economic livability predicts societal collectivism and political autocracy better than parasitic stress does.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
A 121-nation study of societal collectivism and a 174-nation study of political autocracy show that parasitic stress does not account for any variation in these components of culture once the interactive impacts of climatic demands and income resources have been accounted for. Climato-economic livability is a viable rival explanation for the reported effects of parasitic stress on culture.
PMID: 22289160 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - January 31, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Van de Vliert E, Postmes T Tags: Behav Brain Sci Source Type: research
Immigration, parasitic infection, and United States religiosity.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Fincher & Thornhill (F&T) present a powerful case for the relationship between parasite-stress and religiosity. We argue, however, that the United States may be more religious than can be accounted for by parasite-stress. This greater religiosity might be attributable to greater sensitivity to immigration, which may hyperactivate evolved mechanisms that motivate avoidance of potential carriers of novel parasites.
PMID: 22289210 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - January 31, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wall JN, Shackelford TK Tags: Behav Brain Sci Source Type: research
Parasite-stress promotes in-group assortative sociality: The cases of strong family ties and heightened religiosity.Email this article to a colleague.
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We examined this hypothesis by testing the predictions that there would be a positive association between parasite-stress and strength of family ties or religiosity. We conducted this study by comparing among nations and among states in the United States of America. We found for both the international and the interstate analyses that in-group assortative sociality was positively associated with parasite-stress. This was true when controlling for potentially confounding factors such as human freedom and economic development. The findings support the parasite-stress theory of sociality, that is, the proposal that parasite-st...
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - January 31, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fincher CL, Thornhill R Tags: Behav Brain Sci Source Type: research
Time allocation, religious observance, and illness in Mayan horticulturalists.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Analysis of individual differences in religious observance in a Belizean community showed that the most religious (pastors and church workers) reported more illnesses, and that there was no tendency for the religiously observant to restrict their interactions to family or extended family. Instead, the most religiously observant tended to have community roles that widened their social contact: religion did not aid isolation - thus violating a key assumption of the parasite-stress theory of sociality.
PMID: 22289224 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - January 31, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Waynforth D Tags: Behav Brain Sci Source Type: research
Coping with germs and people: Investigating the link between pathogen threat and human social cognition.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Group assortative biases are stronger in regions where pathogen stress has been historically prevalent. Pushing the logic of this approach, extensions should include investigations of how cultural norms related to prosociality and relational striving may also covary with regional pathogen stress. Likewise, the pan-specific observation that diseased animals show decreased motor activity to facilitate recovery suggests that norms relevant to sickness behaviors may also vary as a function of regional parasite stress.
PMID: 22289268 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - January 31, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Navarrete CD Tags: Behav Brain Sci Source Type: research
