Parasitology Research This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 7.

[Acute intestinal infection and parasitosis: It is urgent to illuminate the "black box"!].
PMID: 23260760 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Presse Medicale - January 1, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Bouchaud O Tags: Presse Med Source Type: research

[Circumstances for diagnosis and treatment of intestinal parasitosis in France].
Abstract In a compatible context, hypereosinophilia is suggestive of helminthosis. When the count is higher than 1000/mm(3), a primo-invasion syndroma may be considered, especially if allergic signs are present. Below that level, the helminthosis is probably at the adult stage (chronic phase). In a chronic diarrhoea occurring after a journey abroad, "emerging" protozoa (crypto-microsporidia, Isospora, Cyclospora…) are possibly in cause. A presumptive treatment may be considered. A systematic screening for schistosomiasis (serology and stool examination) is recommended in travellers exposed to the risk (contacts w...
Source: Presse Medicale - January 1, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Bouchaud O Tags: Presse Med Source Type: research

Different secreted phosphatase activities in Leishmania amazonensis
Abstract Leishmania has strong acid phosphatase activity both on the external surface of the plasma membrane and secreted into the extracellular milieu. Secreted acid phosphatase (sAcP), which is the most abundant secreted protein of Leishmania, is also a virulence factor that plays a role in vertebrate infection and survival in sand flies. In the present study, we characterized the secreted phosphatase activities in L. amazonensis. Both acidic and alkaline secreted phosphatase activities were observed with β‐glycerophosphate and p‐nitrophenyl phosphate (p‐NPP) hydrolysis and were inhibited with sodium tartrate and ...
Source: FEMS Microbiology Letters - January 1, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Anne Cs Fernandes, Deivid C Soares, Elvira M Saraiva, José R Meyer‐Fernandes, Thaïs Souto‐Padrón Tags: Research Letter Source Type: research

Neurocysticercosis on the arabian peninsula, 2003-2011.
Abstract TO THE EDITOR: Neurocysticercosis occurs when humans become intermediate hosts of the tapeworm Taenia solium by ingesting its eggs after contact with a Taenia spp. carrier. This parasitic disease is endemic to most of the developing world, where it represents a leading cause of acquired epilepsy (1). In conjunction with an increasing number of immigrants from disease-endemic areas, there has been a recent increase in the number of patients with a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in industrialized countries. PMID: 23260165 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - January 1, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Del Brutto OH Tags: Emerg Infect Dis Source Type: research

Chronic coccidian infestation compromises flight feather quality in house sparrows Passer domesticus
Parasites usurp indispensable resources for birds during a moult, and this is particularly relevant for those parasites residing in host intestines. This might compromise the nutritionally demanding moult and, thus, feather functionality. Although lower feather quality has profound and multifaceted adverse effects on residual fitness, surprisingly, little is known about parasites' effect on feather traits, especially over the longer term. We conducted an aviary experiment by medicating half of a group of naturally infested house sparrows Passer domesticus against intestinal coccidians for 15 months, spanning two consecutiv...
Source: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society - January 1, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Péter L. Pap, Csongor I. Vágási, Lőrinc Bărbos, Attila Marton Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Neotropical Monogenoidea. 57. Revision and phylogenetic position of Scleroductus Jara & Cone, 1989 (Gyrodactylidae), with descriptions of new species from the Guatemalan chulin Rhamdia guatemalensis (Günther) (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in Mexico and the barred sorubim Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus) (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in Brazil.
Neotropical Monogenoidea. 57. Revision and phylogenetic position of Scleroductus Jara & Cone, 1989 (Gyrodactylidae), with descriptions of new species from the Guatemalan chulin Rhamdia guatemalensis (Günther) (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in Mexico and the barred sorubim Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus) (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in Brazil. Syst Parasitol. 2013 Jan;84(1):1-15 Authors: Kritsky DC, Boeger WA, Mendoza-Franco EF, Vianna RT Abstract The diagnosis of Scleroductus Jara & Cone, 1989 (Gyrodactylidae) is amended to include viviparous species having a large spine associated with the eja...
Source: Systematic Parasitology - January 1, 2013 Category: Parasitology Authors: Kritsky DC, Boeger WA, Mendoza-Franco EF, Vianna RT Tags: Syst Parasitol Source Type: research

Redescriptions and new records of species of Otobothrium Linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha).
Abstract Redescriptions are provided for five incompletely described species of Otobothrium Linton, 1890: Otobothrium alexanderi Palm, 2004 from two species of carcharhinid sharks, Carcharhinus cautus (Whitley) and C. melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard) at three localities off northern Australia; O. australe Palm, 2004 based on material collected from the type-host and type-locality and from six additional myliobatid and carcharhinid host species off Western Australia, the Northern Territory and northern Queensland; O. insigne Linton, 1905 from Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (Richardson) and Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes) ...
Source: Systematic Parasitology - January 1, 2013 Category: Parasitology Authors: Schaeffner BC, Beveridge I Tags: Syst Parasitol Source Type: research

Hysterothylacium simile n. sp. and H. aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) from marine fishes in the Bohai and Yellow Sea, China, with comments on the record of H. paralichthydis (Yamaguti, 1941) from Chinese waters.
Abstract Hysterothylacium simile n. sp., collected from the Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier) (Perciformes: Lateolabracidae) in the Bohai Sea off China, is described using both light and scanning electron microscopy. The new species differs from its congeners in the presence of narrow lateral alae originating a short distance posterior to the base of the ventrolateral lips, a long intestinal caecum (60.4-79.1% of oesophageal length) and a relatively short ventricular appendix (intestinal caecum to ventricular appendix ratio 1:0.58-0.85), long spicules (2.11-2.99 mm, 4.25-7.83% of body length), the nu...
Source: Systematic Parasitology - January 1, 2013 Category: Parasitology Authors: Li L, Zhang LP, Liu YY Tags: Syst Parasitol Source Type: research

New records of the chaetiferous leech-like annelid Paracanthobdella livanowi (Epshtein, 1966) (Annelida: Clitellata: Acanthobdellida) from Kamchatka, Russia.
Abstract Acanthobdellidans are unique in their organisation and phylogenetic relationships due to having transitional characters that combine features of oligochaetous and achaetous annelids. Alongside the relatively well-studied Acanthobdella peledina Grube, 1851, there is another member of the group, Paracanthobdella livanowi (Epshtein, 1966), with five rows of chaetae and an anterior sucker. It appears that the anterior sucker is weakly developed in small juveniles but acquires a deep cavity in adults. Smaller individuals of P. livanowi can be distinguished from A. peledina, which does not possess an anterior su...
Source: Systematic Parasitology - January 1, 2013 Category: Parasitology Authors: Utevsky SY, Sokolov SG, Shedko MB Tags: Syst Parasitol Source Type: research

A new species of Parspina Pearse, 1920 (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) from Pimelodella gracilis (Valenciennes) (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in the Paraná River basin, Argentina, and a key to the genus.
Abstract A new species of cryptogonimid belonging to the genus Parspina Pearse, 1920 is described from the intestine of Pimelodella gracilis (Valenciennes) in the Paraná River basin, Argentina. Parspina pimelodellae n. sp. is characterised by having: (i) a body length/width ratio of 1:3.6-5.3 at the level of the ventral sucker; (ii) 21 oral spines; (iii) an oral sucker larger than the ventral sucker, with a sucker width ratio of 1:0.6-0.7; (iv) a postcaecal region of 16-19% of the body-length; (v) a compact, transversely elongate ovary, anterior to and well separated from the testes; (vi) small, branched vitelline...
Source: Systematic Parasitology - January 1, 2013 Category: Parasitology Authors: Arredondo NJ, de Núñez MC Tags: Syst Parasitol Source Type: research

A new genus and species of hatschekiid copepod (Siphonostomatoida) from groupers (Actinopterygii: Serranidae) collected off the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan.
Abstract A new genus and species of copepod, Mihbaicola sakamakii n. g., n. sp., belonging to the siphonostomatoid family Hatschekiidae, is described based on the females collected from inside the tissue of the branchiostegal membrane in three species of the groupers, Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål) (type-host), E. merra Bloch and Cephalopholis leopardus (Lacépède), collected off Okinawa-jima Island and Iriomote-jima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, North Pacific Ocean. The new genus can be distinguished from other hatschekiid genera by a combination of the following characters in the female:...
Source: Systematic Parasitology - January 1, 2013 Category: Parasitology Authors: Uyeno D Tags: Syst Parasitol Source Type: research

Guineafowl, ticks and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey: the perfect storm?
Abstract To control ticks carrying the emerging Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Turkey the government is introducing thousands of exotic helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris). However, not only do these birds eat negligible numbers of ticks, but they are also excellent nurseries for the young of Hyalomma marginatum ticks, the best vectors of CCHF. PMID: 23206535 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Trends in Parasitology - January 1, 2013 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sekercioğlu CH Tags: Trends Parasitol Source Type: research

Getting trichy: tools and approaches to interrogating Trichomonas vaginalis in a post-genome world.
Abstract Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite of the urogenital tract in men and women, with a worldwide presence and significant implications for global public health. T. vaginalis research entered the age of genomics with the publication of the first genome sequence in 2007, but subsequent utilization of other 'omics' technologies and methods has been slow. Here, we review some of the tools and approaches available to interrogate T. vaginalis biology, with an emphasis on recent advances and current limitations, and draw attention to areas where further efforts are needed to examine effectively the complex and intr...
Source: Trends in Parasitology - January 1, 2013 Category: Parasitology Authors: Conrad MD, Bradic M, Warring SD, Gorman AW, Carlton JM Tags: Trends Parasitol Source Type: research

Diversity and phylogeny of insect trypanosomatids: all that is hidden shall be revealed.
Abstract Monoxenous trypanosomatids, which are usually regarded as benign dwellers of the insect alimentary tract, represent a relatively obscure group within the family Trypanosomatidae. This field of study has long been in disarray with the genus level taxonomy of this group remaining artificial, species criteria elusive, host specificity and occurrence poorly known, and their diversity mostly unexplored. The time has arrived to remedy this situation: a phylogenetic approach has been applied to taxa recognition and description, and a culture-independent (PCR-based) approach for detection and identification of org...
Source: Trends in Parasitology - January 1, 2013 Category: Parasitology Authors: Maslov DA, Votýpka J, Yurchenko V, Lukeš J Tags: Trends Parasitol Source Type: research

The Cinderella syndrome: why do malaria-infected cells burst at midnight?
Abstract An interesting quirk of many malaria infections is that all parasites within a host - millions of them - progress through their cell cycle synchronously. This surprising coordination has long been recognized, yet there is little understanding of what controls it or why it has evolved. Interestingly, the conventional explanation for coordinated development in other parasite species does not seem to apply here. We argue that for malaria parasites, a critical question has yet to be answered: is the coordination due to parasites bursting at the same time or at a particular time? We explicitly delineate these f...
Source: Trends in Parasitology - January 1, 2013 Category: Parasitology Authors: Mideo N, Reece SE, Smith AL, Metcalf CJ Tags: Trends Parasitol Source Type: research

Dynamics of cytokines and immunoglobulins serum profiles in primary and secondary Cryptosporidium parvum infection: Usefulness of Luminex® xMAP technology.
In this study, we analyzed these immune mediators in the serum of immunocompetent mice inoculated with C. parvum oocysts, using Luminex, to understand how the immune system responds to an infection by this parasite. Animal sera were also analyzed by ELISA to determine the expressed immunoglobulin isotype profile, and compare the obtained trend with data obtained by Luminex. Specific-pathogen-free BALB/C mice were inoculated with oocysts of C. parvum at days 0 and 22. Peripheral blood was aseptically collected from sacrificed mice on several time points, and immune mediators were evaluated in serum samples. Infection was co...
Source: Experimental Parasitology - December 31, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Codices V, Martins C, Novo C, de Sousa B, Lopes A, Borrego M, Matos O Tags: Exp Parasitol Source Type: research

Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi: Cloning, expression and functional analysis of 1-Cys peroxiredoxin.
In this study 1-Cys peroxiredoxin (1-Cys-Prx) from Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi were cloned and characterized. The complete genes coding for 1-Cys-Prx of P. vivax (Pv1-Cys-Prx) and P. knowlesi (Pk1-Cys-Prx) were PCR amplified and the recombinant proteins were produced by heterologous over-expression in Escherichia coli. Both recombinant proteins showed antioxidant activity with the mixed function oxidation assay. Using specific polyclonal antibodies, it was indicated that Pv1-Cys-Prx and Pk1-Cys-Prx are expressed in the cytoplasm of the parasite. Altogether, the results suggested that 1-Cys-Prxs protect the par...
Source: Experimental Parasitology - December 31, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Hakimi H, Asada M, Angeles JM, Kawai S, Inoue N, Kawazu S Tags: Exp Parasitol Source Type: research

Dehydroepiandrosterone effect on Plasmodium falciparum and its interaction with antimalarial drugs.
Abstract Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) inhibits glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) of different species and may potentially decrease intracellular glutathione. Therefore, it can have and enhance anti-parasitic action against Plasmodium spp. We evaluated the antiplasmodial activity and the interaction of DHEA with several antimalarial drugs. The inhibitory effect of DHEA on erythrocytic and G6PDH activity and changes in the content of total and reduced gluthatione Plasmodium falciparum content were also evaluated. DHEA showed antiplasmodial activity in vitro, but the potency was low (IC(50) 118.5μM). DHEA in...
Source: Experimental Parasitology - December 31, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Zuluaga L, Parra S, Garrido E, López-Muñoz R, Maya JD, Blair S Tags: Exp Parasitol Source Type: research

A NEW LEECH SPECIES FROM THE ŁYNA RIVER NEAR OLSZTYN, POLAND (CLITELLATA: HIRUDINIDA: PISCICOLIDAE).
A NEW LEECH SPECIES FROM THE ŁYNA RIVER NEAR OLSZTYN, POLAND (CLITELLATA: HIRUDINIDA: PISCICOLIDAE). J Parasitol. 2012 Dec 31; Authors: Bielecki A, Cichocka JM, Swiatek P, Gorzel M Abstract Abstract A new species of fish leech from Poland, Piscicola burresoni n. sp. (Piscicolidae), is described. It was found in 2007 on stones and on pike (Esox lucius L.) and chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) in the Łyna River, Poland. The leech is small, relatively flattened, with a prominent coarctation between the trachelosome and urosome. The pigmentation is unique to the new species and it has 14 annuli with gonopores sep...
Source: The Journal of Parasitology - December 31, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Bielecki A, Cichocka JM, Swiatek P, Gorzel M Tags: J Parasitol Source Type: research

Repellents and acaricides as personal protection measures in the prevention of tick-borne diseases.
Abstract A number of preventive measures for the protection of humans against tick-borne diseases were evaluated. Measures involving the avoidance of tick bites with the use of protective clothing and insect repellents are the simplest and most effective. Repellents are applied directly to the skin or clothing and other fabrics, such as bednets, tents and anti-mosquito screens. Currently, DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) is considered the most efficient arthropod repellent reference substance. The registered and recommended active repellent ingredients for skin and/or cloths application, among others, are: DEET, 1-me...
Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM - December 31, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Cisak E, Wójcik-Fatla A, Zając V, Dutkiewicz J Tags: Ann Agric Environ Med Source Type: research

The impact of intensity of invasion of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus on the course of the parasitic phase.
Abstract Investigations into the effect of the intensity of invasion on tick-questing behaviour were conducted on 3 groups of rabbits: 1) 10 females and 5 males, 2) 20 females and 10 males, 3) 40 females and 20 males in the case of I. ricinus, whereas in the case of D. reticulatus, another three groups were used: 1) 10 females and 15 males, 2) 20 females and 15 males, 3) 40 females and 15 males. Given the different invasion intensities, no significant difference was found in the time of attachment to the host (p=0.3773) or in the feeding period (p=0.1051) for Ixodes ricinus females. In turn, body weight of engorged...
Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM - December 31, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Bartosik K, Buczek A Tags: Ann Agric Environ Med Source Type: research

Cutaneous complications of improper leech application.
Discussion: Infection is considered the most common complication of hirudotherapy, even though bacteriological examination of leech applied by the patient showed neither bacterial nor parasitic infection. The skin lesions were probably of allergic origin; whether this reaction was due to substances released from the leech or as a consequence of reusing the same leech, remains to be determined. PMID: 23311809 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM - December 31, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Pietrzak A, Kanitakis J, Tomasiewicz K, Wawrzycki B, Kozłowska-Łój J, Dybiec E, Chodorowska G Tags: Ann Agric Environ Med Source Type: research

Unusual presentation of the urogenital myiasis caused by Luciliasericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae).
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is thefi¬rst report of the unusual presentation of the urogenital myiasis in Slovakian men with poor social habits and hygiene. PMID: 23311811 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM - December 31, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Nagy V Tags: Ann Agric Environ Med Source Type: research

Multi-locus typing scheme for Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina reveals high levels of genetic variability in strains from Northern Argentina.
Abstract Bovine babesiosis, caused by the protozoa Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, is a tick-borne disease distributed in tropical regions worldwide. Current control measures are based on the use of acaricides and live attenuated vaccines. The major economic impact of babesiosis lies in the cattle industry. In order to gain insight into the extent of genetic diversity in populations of parasites in the field, we developed two MLST schemes for the molecular genotyping of B. bigemina and B. bovis. We have also developed a custom-designed bioinformatic pipeline to facilitate the automated processing of raw sequenc...
Source: Infection, Genetics and Evolution - December 31, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Guillemi E, Ruybal P, Lia V, González S, Farber M, Wilkowsky SE Tags: Infect Genet Evol Source Type: research

Mutation analysis in pfmdr1 and pfmrp1 as potential candidate genes for artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates 4years after implementation of artemisinin combination therapy in Iran.
Abstract The emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to the commonly used anti-malarial drugs is a major challenge in the control and elimination of malaria. The present study provides information on genetic analysis in multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) (N86Y/S1034C/N1042D/F1226Y/D1246Y) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (pfmrp1) (H191Y/S437A/I876V/F1390I/K1466R) genes that are probably associated with artemisinin resistance as well as chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) 76T in P. falciparum clinical isolates (N=200) exposed to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) 4years after its adopt...
Source: Infection, Genetics and Evolution - December 31, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Pirahmadi S, Zakeri S, Afsharpad M, Djadid ND Tags: Infect Genet Evol Source Type: research

Delusions of parasitosis
Jillian W Wong, John YM KooIndian Journal of Dermatology 2013 58(1):49-52Patients with delusions of parasitosis (DOP) are more commonly recognized in dermatology practices today. However, dermatologists may feel uncomfortable treating these patients because of the psychiatric nature of their disorder. As a result of the fact that DOP patients strongly prefer to seek treatment from dermatologists rather than mental health professionals, it is important for dermatologists to be well equipped with a basic understanding of the disorder and with tools to assist this patient population. In this review, we discuss the epidemiolog...
Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology - December 31, 2012 Category: Dermatology Authors: Jillian W WongJohn YM Koo Source Type: research

Reliable diagnosis of post‐kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) using slit aspirate specimen to avoid invasive sampling procedures
ConclusionsSlit aspirates are a simpler and minimally invasive sampling technique for initial screening by serology followed by confirmatory diagnosis of PKDL with microscopy and/or Q‐PCR. The simplified procedure has the potential for epidemiological studies and assessment of cure in PKDL.
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - December 31, 2012 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Sandeep Verma, Vasundhra Bhandari, Kumar Avishek, Venkatesh Ramesh, Poonam Salotra Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Do host species evolve a specific response to slave-making ants?
Conclusions: We used two different analyses of our behavioral data (standardized with the chemical distance between colonies or not) to test our hypothesis. Standardized data show behavioral differences which could indicate qualitative and specific parasite recognition. We finally stress the importance of considering the whole set of potentially interacting species to understand the coevolution between social parasites and their hosts.
Source: Frontiers in Zoology - December 31, 2012 Category: Zoology Authors: Olivier DelattreRumsaïs BlatrixNicolas ChâlineStéphane ChameronAnne FédouChloé LeroyPierre Jaisson Source Type: research

Expatriates ill after travel:results from the Geosentinel Surveillance Network
Conclusions: Ill returned expatriates differ from other travelers in travel characteristics and proportionate morbidity for specific diseases, based on the region of exposure and travel reason. They are more likely to present with more serious illness.
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - December 31, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Poh-Lian LimPauline HanLin ChenSusan MacDonaldPrativa PandeyDeVon HalePatricia SchlagenhaufLouis LoutanAnnelies Wilder-SmithXiaohong DavisDavid Freedman Source Type: research

Current opinion on an emergence of drug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum through genetic alterations.
This article reviews current knowledge of stage specific malarial targets, antimalarial drugs and the mutations that have led to the emergence of resistant strains. PMID: 23251047 [PubMed]
Source: Bioinformation - December 30, 2012 Category: Bioinformatics Authors: Kasturi K, Mallika DS, Amos SJ, Venkateshaiah P, Rao KS Tags: Bioinformation Source Type: research

The biochemical and immunological characterization of two serpins from Clonorchis sinensis.
In this study, two serpin genes, respectively denominated as CsproSERPIN and CsSERPIN2, had been selected from metacercaria cDNA library of C. sinensis. The biochemical activities of both recombinant proteins (rCsproSERPIN and rCsSERPIN2) were analyzed by assays of inhibition on some serine or cysteine proteases, the results showed that rCsproSERPIN significantly inhibited trypsin, chymotrypsin and thrombin, while rCsSERPIN2 inhibited only chymotrypsin. Moreover, cytokine and antibody measurements indicated that rats subcutaneously immunized with rCsproSERPIN and rCsSERPIN2 respectively developed a strong IFN-γ production...
Source: Molecular Biology Reports - December 30, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lei H, Tian Y, Chen W, Wang X, Li X, Mao Q, Sun J, Li R, Xu Y, Liang C, Huang Y, Yu X Tags: Mol Biol Rep Source Type: research

New oxidovanadium(IV) N-acylhydrazone complexes: Promising antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal agents.
Abstract Searching for new promising metal-based hits against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania parasites, two related oxidovanadium(IV) N-acylhydrazone complexes, [V(IV)O(LASSBio1064-2H)(H(2)O)], 1, and [V(IV)O(LASSBio1064-2H)(phen)]·(H(2)O), 2, where LASSBio1064=(E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene-4-chlorobenzohydrazide and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, were synthesized and characterized in the solid state and in solution by elemental analysis, conductimetric measurements and ESI-MS, FTIR, EPR and (51)V NMR spectroscopies and were evaluated on T. cruzi and Leishmania major. In addition, their unspecific cytotoxicity w...
Source: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry - December 29, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Benítez J, Cavalcanti de Queiroz A, Correia I, Alves MA, Alexandre-Moreira MS, Barreiro EJ, Lima LM, Varela J, González M, Cerecetto H, Moreno V, Pessoa JC, Gambino D Tags: Eur J Med Chem Source Type: research

Effects of harmful cyanobacteria on the freshwater pathogenic free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii.
In this study, we conducted several experiments in which the freshwater amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii was exposed to pure microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and six cyanobacterial strains, three MC-producing strains (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-WR, [Dha7] MC-RR) and three strains containing other oligopeptides such as anabaenopeptins and cyanopeptolins. Although the exposure to high concentrations of pure MC-LR yielded no effects on amoeba, all MC-producing strains inflicted high mortality rates on amoeba populations, suggesting that toxic effects must be mediated through the ingestion of toxic cells. Interestingly, an anabaenopeptin-pr...
Source: Aquatic Toxicology - December 29, 2012 Category: Toxicology Authors: Urrutia-Cordero P, Agha R, Cirés S, Lezcano MA, Sánchez-Contreras M, Waara KO, Utkilen H, Quesada A Tags: Aquat Toxicol Source Type: research

The protective effect of a DNA vaccine encoding the Toxoplasma gondii cyclophilin gene in BALB/c mice
Abstract Toxoplasmosis is a world‐wide zoonosis that causes significant public health and veterinary problems. The study of vaccines remains the most promising method for the future prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. Recombinant Toxoplasma gondii cyclophilin has been shown to have potent PPIase and IL‐12‐inducing activities, thus promoting the stabilisation of T. gondii's life cycle and maintaining the survival of its host during evolution. In the present study, the T. gondii cyclophilin gene was used to construct a DNA vaccine (pVAX1‐TgCyP). The immune response and protective efficacy of the vaccine against ...
Source: Parasite Immunology - December 28, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Pengtao Gong, Xiangsheng Huang, Qinlei Yu, Yunna Li, Jingui Huang, Jianhua Li, Ju Yang, He Li, Guocai Zhang, Wenzhi Ren, Xichen Zhang Tags: Original Paper Source Type: research

Development of high-power gyrotrons with gradually tapered cavity
Lei Chaojun, Yu Sheng, Niu Xinjian, Liu Yinghui, Li Hongfu et al. In high power gyrotrons, the parasitic modes coupled with the operating mode cannot be avoided in the beam-wave interaction. These parasitic modes will decrease the efficiency of the gyrotrons. The purity of the operating mode affected by different tapers should be carefully studied. The steady-stat ... [Phys. Plasmas 19, 122116 (2012)] published Thu Dec 27, 2012.
Source: Physics of Plasmas - December 28, 2012 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Leishmanicidal activity assessment of olive tree extracts
Abstract: Leishmaniasis, a protozoan parasitic disease that remains a major worldwide health problem with high endemicity in developing countries, is prevalent around the Mediterranean basin. High cost, systemic toxicity, and diminished efficacy due to development of parasite resistance are the serious drawbacks of current treatment options. Thus, identifying new, effective, and safer anti-leishmanial drug(s) is of paramount importance. Here we tested the anti-promastigote and anti-amastigote activity of five natural products, including oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, present in olive tree leaves and olive mill wastewater. ...
Source: Phytomedicine - December 28, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Joannis D. Kyriazis, Nektarios Aligiannis, Panagiotis Polychronopoulos, Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis, Eleni Dotsika Tags: Infections Source Type: research

Pro-stimulatory role of methemoglobin in inflammation through Hemin Oxidation and Polymerization.
This study illustrates the pro-inflammatory effect of methemoglobin, the underlying novel mechanism by which this occurs and a possible clinical intervention. Based on the result we recommend methemoglobin directed peroxidase inhibitors as an adjuvant therapy during malaria. PMID: 23330968 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Inflammation and Allergy Drug Targets - December 28, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Deshmukh R, Trivedi V Tags: Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets Source Type: research

Molecular characterization of anisakid nematode larvae from 13 species of fish from Western Australia.
This study characterized anisakid nematodes in estuarine and near-shore species of fish in southern Western Australia. A total of 108 fish representing 13 species were examined for anisakid larvae. For the molecular characterization of anisakid larvae (n=218), we used PCR-coupled mutation scanning-sequencing-phylogenetic analyses of sequence variation in the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. With the exception of Sillaginoides punctatus and Sillago schomburgkii, all the fish species examined (Aldrichetta forsteri, Arripis georgianus, Hyporhamphus regularis, Mugil cephalus, Platycephalus speculator, Pom...
Source: International Journal of Food Microbiology - December 28, 2012 Category: Food Science Authors: Jabbar A, Fong RW, Kok KX, Lopata AL, Gasser RB, Beveridge I Tags: Int J Food Microbiol Source Type: research

Characterization and transcriptional regulation of Stachybotrys elegans mitogen-activated-protein kinase gene smkA following mycoparasitism and starvation conditions.
Abstract Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways play an important role in the development and conidiation of fungal pathogens on their hosts and the sensing of host-derived cues. Mycoparasitism is a fungus-fungus interaction comprising host-pathogen cross talk. Until now, only little information is available on the role of the MAPK signaling pathway during this interaction. Here, we report on the differential expression of a MAPK/ERK gene in the mycoparasite Stachybotrys elegans in response to direct parasitism of different vegetative structures of the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani (i.e., ca...
Source: Current Genetics - December 28, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Chamoun R, Aliferis KA, Jabaji SH Tags: Curr Genet Source Type: research

Accumulation of MHC class II+ CD11c− non‐lymphoid cells in the spleen during infection with Plasmodium yoelii is lymphocyte‐dependent
This study revealed a novel interaction between MHC II+CD11c− non‐lymphoid cells and lymphoid cells in the accumulation of these non‐lymphoid cells in the spleen during infection with P. yoelii.
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 28, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rika Kamei, Mana Miyakoda, Takahiko Tamura, Daisuke Kimura, Kiri Honma, Kazumi Kimura, Katsuyuki Yui Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Identifying the effective concentration for spatial repellency of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti
This study reports initial findings from air sampling experiments conducted under field conditions to describe the relationship between air concentrations of two repellent chemicals and deterrent behavior in the dengue vector, Aedes aegypt. Image: Experimental hut evaluations were used to determine the effective air concentration for spatial repellent mosquito responses.
Source: Parasites and Vectors - December 28, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nicole AcheePenny MasuokaPhilip SmithNicholas MartinTheeraphap ChareonviryiphapSuppaluck PolsomboonJoko HendartoJohn Grieco Source Type: research

Zoonotic pathogens associated with Hyalomma aegyptium in endangered tortoises: evidence for host-switching behaviour in ticks?
This is a report of three important zoonotic pathogens found in ticks feeding on Testudo graeca tortoises bringing new indirect proof for transstadial transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Image: Hyalomma aegyptium females feeding on a tortoise leg.
Source: Parasites and Vectors - December 28, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: Anamaria PastiuIona MateiAndrei MihalcaGianluca D'AmicoMirabela DumitracheZsuzsa KálmarAttila SándorMenelaos LefkaditisCalin GhermanVasile Cozma Source Type: research

Ca2+‐mediated exocytosis of subtilisin‐like protease 1: a key step in egress of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites
Summary Egress of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites from host erythrocytes is a critical step in multiplication of blood‐stage parasites. A cascade of proteolytic events plays a major role in degradation of membranes leading to egress of merozoites. However, the signals that regulate the temporal activation and/or secretion of proteases upon maturation of merozoites in intra‐erythrocytic schizonts remain unclear. Here, we have tested the role of intracellular Ca2+ in regulation of egress of P. falciparum merozoites from schizonts. A sharp rise in intracellular Ca2+ just before egress, observed by time‐lapse video mi...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - December 28, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shalini Agarwal, Maneesh Kumar Singh, Swati Garg, Chetan E. Chitnis, Shailja Singh Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Extracellular Gate of Nucleoside Transporter [Membrane Biology]
In this study cysteine mutagenesis and oxidative cross-linking were combined to analyze proximity relationships of helices 1, 2, and 7 in LdNT1.1. Disulfide bond formation between introduced paired cysteines at the interface of such helices (A61CTM1/F74CTM2, A61CTM1/G350CTM7, and F74CTM2/G350CTM7) was analyzed by transport measurement and gel mobility shifts upon oxidation with Cu (II)-(1,10-phenanthroline)3. In all cases cross-linking inhibited transport. However, if LdNT1.1 ligands were included during cross-linking, inhibition of transport was reduced, suggesting that ligands moved the three gating helices apart. Moreov...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - December 28, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Valdes, R., Shinde, U., Landfear, S. M. Tags: Protein Structure and Folding Source Type: research

Ectoparasites increase swimming costs in a coral reef fish.
Abstract Ectoparasites can reduce individual fitness by negatively affecting behavioural, morphological and physiological traits. In fishes, there are potential costs if ectoparasites decrease streamlining, thereby directly compromising swimming performance. Few studies have examined the effects of ectoparasites on fish swimming performance and none distinguish between energetic costs imposed by changes in streamlining and effects on host physiology. The bridled monocle bream (Scolopsis bilineatus) is parasitized by an isopod (Anilocra nemipteri), which attaches above the eye. We show that parasitized fish have hig...
Source: Biology Letters - December 27, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Binning SA, Roche DG, Layton C Tags: Biol Lett Source Type: research

Incorporation of cigarette butts into nests reduces nest ectoparasite load in urban birds: new ingredients for an old recipe?
Abstract Birds are known to respond to nest-dwelling parasites by altering behaviours. Some bird species, for example, bring fresh plants to the nest, which contain volatile compounds that repel parasites. There is evidence that some birds living in cities incorporate cigarette butts into their nests, but the effect (if any) of this behaviour remains unclear. Butts from smoked cigarettes retain substantial amounts of nicotine and other compounds that may also act as arthropod repellents. We provide the first evidence that smoked cigarette butts may function as a parasite repellent in urban bird nests. The amount of...
Source: Biology Letters - December 27, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Suárez-Rodríguez M, López-Rull I, Macías Garcia C Tags: Biol Lett Source Type: research

Dominance is not always an honest signal of male quality, but females may be able to detect the dishonesty.
Abstract Females prefer dominant males as mating partners in numerous species. Male dominance rank is considered as an honest signal of male quality, because only healthy males in good condition are thought to be able to win fights with other males. Here, we tested whether activation of the immune system influences the success of males in male-male competition and mating in the field cricket, Gryllus integer. We activated the immune system of males with a nylon monofilament (to mimic a parasitoid larva), and arranged fights between male pairs to assess male dominance and associated mating success. Activation of the...
Source: Biology Letters - December 27, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Pölkki M, Kortet R, Hedrick A, Rantala MJ Tags: Biol Lett Source Type: research

Behavioural plasticity of social trematodes depends upon social context.
This study provides support for the benefit of maintaining non-reproductive morphs in competitive situations, arising through socially mediated behavioural plasticity. PMID: 23234865 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Biology Letters - December 27, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Kamiya T, Poulin R Tags: Biol Lett Source Type: research

E-ADA Activity in Serum of Lambs Experimentally Infected with Haemonchus contortus.
Abstract Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) activity in serum of lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. We used 12 lambs, divided into 2 groups; the Group A had 5 healthy, non-infected animals (control); Group B had 7 healthy animals but was infected with H. contortus. These lambs were infected orally with 500 larvae (L3) per animal, every 2 days, for a period of 20 days, and later the infection was confirmed by examination of feces (EPG: fecal egg count). Blood collection was performed at days 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 post-infection (PI) for analysis of E-ADA ...
Source: The Journal of Parasitology - December 27, 2012 Category: Parasitology Authors: Da Silva A, Fausto G, Grando T, Cadore C, Pimentel V, Jaques J, Schetinger M, Monteiro S, Leal M Tags: J Parasitol Source Type: research

Cytokine profile, proliferation and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in circulating mononuclear cells from individuals during the chronic intestinal phase of Schistosomiasis mansoni infection
Conclusions: The data indicate that SEA-stimulated CD4+ T cells from infected patients have a lower proliferation rate than the same cells from the NI group. Furthermore, we observed that SWAP stimulation influences ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the XTO group.
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - December 27, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Roberta Oliveira-PradoIramaya CaldasAndréa Teixeira-CarvalhoMarcus AndradeRafaelle FaresLaís PortugalAndréa GazzinelliRodrigo Corrêa-OliveiraJosé Cunha-Melo Source Type: research