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This page shows you the 20 most read items in the past 30 days within this specialty in the MedWorm directory.

Differential developmental programming by early protein restriction of rat skeletal muscle according to its fibre type composition
ConclusionWe conclude that maternal protein‐restriction alters in the long term the structural and enzymatic properties of offspring skeletal muscle in a fibre type‐dependent manner. These alterations might have a causative role in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders later in life.Acta Physiologica © 2013 Scandinavian Physiological Society (Source: Acta Physiologica)
Source: Acta Physiologica - January 31, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Raquel Da S. Aragão, Omar Guzmán‐Quevedo, Georgina Pérez‐García, Ana E. Toscano, Carol Gois Leandro, Raul Manhães Castro, Francisco Bolaños‐Jiménez Tags: Regular Paper Source Type: research

Atrial natriuretic peptide attenuates agonist-induced pulmonary edema in mice with targeted disruption of the gene for natriuretic peptide receptor-A
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) inhibits agonist-induced pulmonary edema formation, but the signaling pathway responsible is not well defined. To investigate the role of the particulate guanylate cyclase-linked receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), we measured acute lung injury responses in intact mice and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) with normal and disrupted expression of NPR-A. NPR-A wild-type (NPR-A+/+), heterozygous (NPR-A+/–), and knockout (NPR-A–/–) mice were anesthetized and treated with thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lung in...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Klinger, J. R., Tsai, S.-W., Green, S., Grinnell, K. L., Machan, J. T., Harrington, E. O. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Isotopic and modeling investigation of long-term protein turnover in rat tissues
Fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of tissue proteins (P) are usually measured using labeled amino acid (AA) tracer methods over short periods of time under acute, particular conditions. By combining the long-term and non-steady-state 15N labeling of AA and P tissue fractions with compartmental modeling, we have developed a new isotopic approach to investigate the degree of compartmentation of P turnover in tissues and to estimate long-term FSR values under sustained and averaged nutritional and physiological conditions. We measured the rise-to-plateau kinetics of nitrogen isotopic enrichments (15N) in the AA and P fractions...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Poupin, N., Huneau, J.-F., Mariotti, F., Tome, D., Bos, C., Fouillet, H. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasis Source Type: research

Dietary sodium intake modulates renal excretory responses to intrarenal angiotensin (1-7) administration in anesthetized rats
This study investigated how manipulation of dietary sodium intake influenced the renal hemodynamic and excretory responses to intrarenal administration of angiotensin (1–7). Renal interstitial infusion of angiotensin (1–7) in anesthetized rats fed a normal salt intake had minimal effects on glomerular filtration rate but caused dose-related increases in urine flow and absolute and fractional sodium excretions ranging from 150 to 200%. In rats maintained for 2 wk on a low-sodium diet angiotensin (1–7) increased glomerular filtration rate by some 45%, but the diuretic and natriuretic responses were enhanced...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: O'Neill, J., Corbett, A., Johns, E. J. Tags: Cardiovascular and Renal Integration Source Type: research

Perivagal antagonist treatment in rats selectively blocks the reflex and afferent responses of vagal lung C fibers to intravenous agonists
The terminals of vagal lung C fibers (VLCFs) express various types of pharmacological receptors that are important to the elicitation of airway reflexes and the development of airway hypersensitivity. We investigated the blockade of the reflex and afferent responses of VLCFs to intravenous injections of agonists using perivagal treatment with antagonists (PAT) targeting the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, P2X, and 5-HT3 receptors in anesthetized rats. Blockading these responses via perivagal capsaicin treatment (PCT), which blocks the neural conduction of C fibers, was also studied. We used capsaicin, α,&be...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Lin, Y.-J., Lin, Y. S., Lai, C. J., Yuan, Z. F., Ruan, T., Kou, Y. R. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Top 10 practical lessons learned from physical activity interventions in overweight and obese children and adolescents
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 249-258, e-First articles. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 22, 2013 Category: Physiology Tags: article Source Type: research

From the mouths of babes: Dental caries in infants and children and the intensification of agriculturel in mainland Southeast Asia
This article investigates the prevalence and location of caries in the dentition of infants and children (less than 15 years of age) from eight prehistoric mainland Southeast Asian sites collectively spanning the Neolithic to late Iron Age, during which time rice agriculture became an increasingly important subsistence mode. Caries prevalence varied among the sites but there was no correlation with chronological change. The absence of evidence of a decline in dental health over time can be attributed to the relative noncariogenicity of rice and retention of broad‐spectrum subsistence strategies. No differences in caries ...
Source: American Journal of Physical Anthropology - January 29, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: S. E. Halcrow, N. J. Harris, N. Tayles, R. Ikehara‐Quebral, M. Pietrusewsky Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

From the mouths of babes: Dental caries in infants and children and the intensification of agriculture in mainland Southeast Asia
This article investigates the prevalence and location of caries in the dentition of infants and children (less than 15 years of age) from eight prehistoric mainland Southeast Asian sites collectively spanning the Neolithic to late Iron Age, during which time rice agriculture became an increasingly important subsistence mode. Caries prevalence varied among the sites but there was no correlation with chronological change. The absence of evidence of a decline in dental health over time can be attributed to the relative noncariogenicity of rice and retention of broad‐spectrum subsistence strategies. No differences in caries ...
Source: American Journal of Physical Anthropology - January 30, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: S. E. Halcrow, N. J. Harris, N. Tayles, R. Ikehara‐Quebral, M. Pietrusewsky Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Diallyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide ameliorate cardiac dysfunction by suppressing apoptotic and enhancing survival pathways in experimental diabetic rats
In conclusion, this study shows that DATS and DADS, with the efficacy order DATS > DADS, have the therapeutic potential for ameliorating diabetic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of GO on diabetic cardiomyopathy should be mainly from DATS and DADS. (Source: Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Huang, Y.-T., Yao, C.-H., Way, C.-L., Lee, K.-W., Tsai, C.-Y., Ou, H.-C., Kuo, W.-W. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Genetic evidence for spatio‐temporal changes in the dispersal patterns of two sympatric African colobine monkeys
Abstract Western black‐and‐white colobus and Temmink's red colobus are two forest‐dependent African primates with similar ecological requirements, often found in sympatry. Their most striking difference lies in their social system: black‐and‐white colobus live in small groups with mainly male‐mediated dispersal but where females can also disperse, whereas red colobus live in larger groups with males described as philopatric. To investigate whether genetic evidence supports the reported patterns of dispersal based on observational data, we examined eight black‐and‐white and six red colobus social groups from...
Source: American Journal of Physical Anthropology - January 28, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Tania Minhós, Elizabeth Nixon, Cláudia Sousa, Luis M. Vicente, Maria Ferreira da Silva, Rui Sá, Michael W. Bruford Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Glutathione Oxidation Unmasks Pro-Arrhythmic Vulnerability of Chronically Hyperglycemic Guinea Pigs.
Conclusion: In a guinea-pig model of chronic hyperglycemia, GSH oxidation enhances APD heterogeneity and increases ASI. Despite normalization of glycemic levels by insulin, these pro-arrhythmic properties are not reversed, suggesting importance of targeting anti-oxidant defenses for arrhythmia suppression. PMID: 23376824 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - February 2, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Xie C, Biary N, Tocchetti CG, Aon MA, Paolocci N, Kauffman J, Akar FG Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Phasic bursts of the antagonistic jaw muscles during REM sleep mimic a coordinated motor pattern during mastication
In this study, jaw-closing and -opening muscle electromyographic (EMG) activities and jaw movements were quantified to characterize phenotypes of motor patterns during sleep in freely moving and head-restrained guinea pigs. During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, both muscles were irregularly activated in terms of duration, activity, and intervals. During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, clusters of phasic bursts occurred in the two muscles. Compared with NREM sleep, burst duration, activity, and intervals were less variable during REM sleep for both muscles. Although burst activity was lower during the two sleep states...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Kato, T., Nakamura, N., Masuda, Y., Yoshida, A., Morimoto, T., Yamamura, K., Yamashita, S., Sato, F. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Importance of uncharged polar residues and proline in the proximal two-thirds (Pro107--Ser128) of the highly conserved region of mouse ileal Na+-dependent bile acid transporter, Slc10a2, in transport activity and cellular expression
Conclusions: The functional importance of proline and uncharged polar residues in the highly conserved region of mouse Slc10a2 was determined. This information will contribute to the design of bile acid-conjugated prodrugs for efficient drug delivery or SLC10A2 inhibitors for hypercholesterolemia treatment. (Source: BMC Physiology - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Physiology - Latest articles - February 4, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Tohru SaekiKosuke SatoShiho ItoKeisuke IkedaRyuhei Kanamoto Source Type: research

The specific role of gravitational accelerations for arterial adaptations
It is mostly agreed that arterial adaptations occur, among others, in response to changes in mechanical stimuli. Models like bed rest, spinal cord injury, or limb suspension have been applied to study vascular adaptations to unloading in humans. However, these models cannot distinguish the role of muscle contractions and the role of gravitational accelerations for arterial adaptation. The HEPHAISTOS orthosis allows normal ambulation, while it significantly reduces force generation in the lower leg muscles. Eleven subjects wore HEPHAISTOS unilaterally for 56 days and were followed up for another 4 wk. Arterial diameters, in...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Weber, T., Ducos, M., Mulder, E., Herrera, F., Bruggemann, G.-P., Bloch, W., Rittweger, J. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Decrease of airway smooth muscle contractility induced by simulated breathing maneuvers is not simply proportional to strain
The lung is a dynamic organ and the oscillating stress applied to the airway wall during breathing maneuvers can decrease airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility. However, it is unclear whether it is the stress or the attendant strain that is responsible for the decline of ASM force associated with breathing maneuvers, and whether tone can prevent the decline of force by attenuating the strain. To investigate these questions, ovine tracheal strips were subjected to oscillating stress that simulates breathing maneuvers, and the resulting strain and decline of force were measured in the absence or presence of different leve...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Pascoe, C. D., Seow, C. Y., Pare, P. D., Bosse, Y. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Oxygen uptake kinetics in endurance-trained and untrained postmenopausal women
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 154-160, e-First articles. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 2, 2013 Category: Physiology Tags: article Source Type: research

"Functional sympatholysis" in the present concept does not exist: arteriovenous pumping, supplied by capillary pumps, explains immediate exercise hyperemia
(Source: Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Pancheva, A. V., Panchev, V. S., Pancheva, M. V. Tags: LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research

Comparative approaches to the study of physiology: Drosophila as a physiological tool
Numerous studies have detailed the extensive conservation of developmental signaling pathways between the model system, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian models, but researchers have also profited from the unique and highly tractable genetic tools available in this system to address critical questions in physiology. In this review, we have described contributions that Drosophila researchers have made to mathematical dynamics of pattern formation, cardiac pathologies, the way in which pain circuits are integrated to elicit responses from sensation, as well as the ways in which gene expression can modulate diverse behav...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Neckameyer, W. S., Argue, K. J. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

A molecular and genetic outline of cardiac morphogenesis
Abstract Perturbations in cardiac development result in congenital heart disease, the leading cause of birth defect‐related infant morbidity and mortality. Advances in cardiac developmental biology have significantly augmented our understanding of signalling pathways and transcriptional networks underlying heart formation. Cardiogenesis is initiated with the formation of mesodermal multipotent cardiac progenitor cells, and is governed by cross‐talk between developmental cues emanating from endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal cells. The molecular and transcriptional machineries that direct the specification and differ...
Source: Acta Physiologica - January 9, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: M. S. Rana, V. M. Christoffels, A. F. M. Moorman Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Effect of contrasted levels of habitual physical activity on metabolic flexibility
The factors regulating the body's ability to switch from fat to carbohydrate oxidation in response to fuel availability changes, or metabolic flexibility (MF), are currently intensively investigated in the context of metabolic diseases. Although numerous metabolic diseases are associated with sedentary behaviors and metabolic inflexibility, the effect of habitual physical activity level (PAL) on MF regulation is surprisingly poorly known. We investigated how PAL affects MF in cross-sectional and interventional studies. MF was assessed in 44 subjects: normal-weight and overweight sedentary men submitted to 2 mo of exercise ...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Bergouignan, A., Antoun, E., Momken, I., Schoeller, D. A., Gauquelin-Koch, G., Simon, C., Blanc, S. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research