Psychology
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 15.
Comparing Children and Adolescents Engaged in Cyberbullying to Matched Peers
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CyberPsychology & Behavior , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: CyberPsychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Does It Really Matter That People Zip through Ads? Testing the Effectiveness of Simultaneous Presentation Advertising in an IDTV EnvironmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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CyberPsychology & Behavior , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: CyberPsychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Going to Other Worlds: The Relationships between Videogaming, Psychological Absorption, and Daydreaming StylesEmail this article to a colleague.
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CyberPsychology & Behavior , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: CyberPsychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Psychological Predictors of Young Adults' Use of Social Networking SitesEmail this article to a colleague.
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CyberPsychology & Behavior , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: CyberPsychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Emotional Response to Virtual Reality Exposure across Different Cultures: The Role of the Attribution ProcessEmail this article to a colleague.
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CyberPsychology & Behavior , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: CyberPsychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Internet Usage Purposes and Gender Differences in the Effects of Perceived Utilitarian and Hedonic ValueEmail this article to a colleague.
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CyberPsychology & Behavior , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: CyberPsychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Psychiatric Symptoms in Adolescents with Internet Use: Comparison without Internet UseEmail this article to a colleague.
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CyberPsychology & Behavior , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: CyberPsychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: article Source Type: journals
The Impact of National Cultural Distance on the Number of Foreign Web Site Visits by U.S. HouseholdsEmail this article to a colleague.
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CyberPsychology & Behavior , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: CyberPsychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Know any foolish women? - 10 Reasons to Not Date a Married ManEmail this article to a colleague.
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a.k.a He'll NEVER stay that into youThere are no positive reasons for dating a married man. Even the good reasons don't stand the test of time and turn out to be bad ideas in good ideas' clothing. If you find yourself on the brink of temptation, look at these 10 truths before you leap: 1. He won't commit to a future with you. A man who is in a very unhappy or unsatisfying marriage can feel swept away by how wonderful you make him feel. He may even blurt out, "I've never felt this way before and I can see spending the rest of my life with you." This may sound like a commitment to a future with you. It's not. Don...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dr. Mark Goulston Tags: Relationships affairs being a man best of both worlds brink dating a married man dating advice existence loving the way marriage married men public persona relationship problems relationship with a married man rest of my life Source Type: consumer
Know any foolish women? 10 Reasons to Not Date a Married ManEmail this article to a colleague.
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a.k.a He'll NEVER stay that into youThere are no positive reasons for dating a married man. Even the good reasons don't stand the test of time and turn out to be bad ideas in good ideas' clothing. If you find yourself on the brink of temptation, look at these 10 truths before you leap: 1. He won't commit to a future with you. A man who is in a very unhappy or unsatisfying marriage can feel swept away by how wonderful you make him feel. He may even blurt out, "I've never felt this way before and I can see spending the rest of my life with you." This may sound like a commitment to a future with you. It's not. Don...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dr. Mark Goulston Tags: Relationships affairs being a man best of both worlds brink dating a married man dating advice existence loving the way marriage married men public persona relationship problems relationship with a married man rest of my life Source Type: consumer
Carpe Diem Antisocial Behaviors: Street Robbery and AssaultEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Palermo, G. B. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
The Role of Violence in Street Crime: A Qualitative Study of Violent OffendersEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study explores the extent to which violence on the street can be explained by rational factors associated with the successful commission of the offence or social factors related to street culture. The study is based on qualitative interviews with 55 violent street offenders who were serving sentences for street robbery and assault in six prisons in the United Kingdom. The findings, based on accounts of 101 incidents of street violence, identified four main explanations for street violence: (a) successful offence enactment, (b) buzz and excitement, (c) status and honor, and (d) informal justice. The article concludes t...
Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bennett, T., Brookman, F. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Mental Health Performance Measurement in CorrectionsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article describes the product of a consensus panel of correctional health care experts, charged to develop performance measures, based on nationally accepted standards, for selected elements of psychiatric treatment behind bars, aimed to improve the quality of care. Performance measures were developed for medication adherence, suicide prevention, mental health treatment planning, and sleep medication usage.
Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hoge, S. K., Greifinger, R. B., Lundquist, T., Mellow, J. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Inmate Harassment and Rape: An Exploratory Study of Seven Maximum- and Medium-Security Male Prisons in IsraelEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study, based on 760 hours of phenomenological semi-structured interviews undertaken in a random sample of 1.5% of the male prisoner population in Israel, analyzes the neglected issue of homosexual rape in Israeli prisons. The study finds that (a) sexual harassment or homosexual rapes rarely take place in Israeli prisons and (b) Israeli inmates view homosexual rape in prison as disgusting and disgraceful and conceptualize it in highly negative emotional terms.
Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Einat, T. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Effect of a Longer Versus Shorter Test-Release Interval on Recidivism Prediction With the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS)Email this article to a colleague.
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The General Criminal Thinking (GCT) score of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) was correlated with recidivism data obtained on 284 released male federal prisoners. The sample was divided into those inmates who had been released within 24 months of having completed the PICTS (shorter test-release interval; n = 138) and those inmates who had been released more than 24 months after having completed the PICTS (longer test-release interval; n = 146), and recidivism was measured by subsequent arrests and convictions accrued during a 6- to 78-month follow-up. Although the GCT score successfully predi...
Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Walters, G. D. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Public Perception of Sex Offender Social Policies and the Impact on Sex OffendersEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study examines the public perception of sex offender policies and the perceived impact of sex offender policies on the sex offenders themselves. Specifically, this study explores how the community feels about the effectiveness of policies such as registration and community notification (Megan’s Law), and housing restrictions in reducing sexual recidivism. Data are collected from 115 participants from a nationwide online community message board. Results suggest that although most individuals support Megan’s Law, they do not feel the policy reduces recidivism. Furthermore, the majority of the participants al...
Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Schiavone, S. K., Jeglic, E. L. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Racial Differences in Desistance From Substance Abuse: The Impact of Religious Involvement on RecoveryEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study examines variations by race in the relationship between religiosity and desistance from substance abuse. Although most studies have included race as a control variable, only a few studies compared the equivalence of associations among religiosity, delinquency, recovery from substance abuse, and other variables between Black and White samples. Using data from the intake and 12-month follow-up survey of the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study, this study examines levels of religious involvement of Black and White drug treatment clients. In addition, it empirically tests whether religious involvement exerts differen...
Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chu, D. C., Sung, H.-E. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Drug Use and Criminal Activity Among Rural Probationers With DUI HistoriesEmail this article to a colleague.
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The present study examined whether ever being arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) was associated with higher levels of substance use and criminal activity in a sample of 800 probationers. Lifetime and 30-day histories of substance use and criminal activity were compared across three groups of probationers from rural Kentucky: those with a single DUI arrest, those with two or more DUI arrests, and those with no DUI arrests. A larger percentage of probationers with a DUI arrest reported lifetime and 30-day substance use than non-DUI offenders in almost all drug and alcohol categories. Higher prevalence of criminal...
Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Webster, J. M., Oser, C. B., Mateyoke-Scrivner, A., Cline, V. D., Havens, J. R., Leukefeld, C. G. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Good Girls and Alpha GuysEmail this article to a colleague.
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"I cannot stand to disappoint him. It goes way beyond doing my best. It's doing my best with a claw in my chest." -- Third year associate, speaking of the law partner to whom she is assigned. "He's my profile: talented, arrogant, picky. Married of course, and I'm not going that route. But I'm smiling up at him like I'm Princess Diana, and the thing is, I don't even like him. I can't seem to help myself." -- Vice-President for Global Sales, referring to one of her fast track direct reports.It's an invisible emotional puppet string. When a certain kind of man yanks it, a certain woman responds. It might well be for better - ...
Source: Psychology Today Work Center - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dr. Judith Sills Tags: Gender Work 360s alpha male boss colleagues dominant man Source Type: consumer
What Makes Stepmothering a Feminist Issue?Email this article to a colleague.
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In a word, power.Over the last months of promoting my book Stepmonster, I've tried to spread the word that, in spite of our image of them, the majority of women with stepchildren are anything but empowered, evil excluders and victimizers. Indeed, numerous studies and anecdotal reports from mental health professionals who work with stepfamilies paint a picture that may startle us: stepmothers are often the most powerless and vulnerable members of the stepfamily system.Experts including Jamie Kelem Keshet have found that when a woman marries or partners with a man with children-particularly if she has no children or "mini-fa...
Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Wednesday Martin, Ph.D. Tags: Gender Parenting Relationships adult stepchild adult stepchildren advice affections anecdotal reports assumptions disempowerment family family hierarchy gender bias guilt hierarchy in stepfamily hostility interloper Jamie Source Type: consumer
Mistaking Passion For LoveEmail this article to a colleague.
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PASSION is admittedly an important component of love. This can be witnessed in any long-standing relationship where the passion has been trampled to death by habituation, indifference, and neglect as people repeatedly take each other for granted over time. Same old / same old will do that to you.
As one woman told me, “He used to juggle everything in his life so that he could make time to be with me. Now he juggles me so that I don’t interfere with the stuff in his life that he really cares about --- ESPN, golf, work.”
Passion is obviously important.
But contrary to common sentiment, pas...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John R. Buri, Ph.D. Tags: Relationships best selling book brains contrary ESPN espn golf finesse indifference love affair Love; Relationships; Marriage; Passion loving passion nbsp Neglect new partners passionate experience pornographic images senti Source Type: consumer
25 years of Psychology & Marketing: a multidimensional reviewEmail this article to a colleague.
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The first issue of Psychology & Marketing was published in 1984. The journal was conceived as a forum for academics and practitioners in psychology, marketing, and related fields to engage in an exchange of scholarly information. The raison d'être of the journal was to bring psychologically sophisticated information and methodologies to bear on all aspects of marketing theory and practice. This review analyzes the performance of Psychology & Marketing from several perspectives, and includes data comparing its performance to the performance of other journals. Looking back over the last 25 years of its history, it seems fai...
Source: Psychology and Marketing - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Haseeb Ahmed Shabbir, Jon Reast, Dayananda Palihawadana Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals
Negativity bias in attribution of external agency.Email this article to a colleague.
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This research investigated whether people are more likely to attribute events to external agents when events are negative rather than neutral or positive. Participants more often believed that ultimatum game partners were humans rather than computers when the partners offered unusually unfavorable divisions than unusually favorable divisions (Experiment 1A), even when their human partners had no financial stake in the game (Experiment 1B). In subsequent experiments, participants were most likely to infer that gambles were influenced by an impartial participant when the outcomes of those gambles were losses rather than wins...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Morewedge, Carey K. Source Type: journals
Attention as inference: Selection is probabilistic; responses are all-or-none samples.Email this article to a colleague.
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Theories of probabilistic cognition postulate that internal representations are made up of multiple simultaneously held hypotheses, each with its own probability of being correct (henceforth, “probability distributions”). However, subjects make discrete responses and report the phenomenal contents of their mind to be all-or-none states rather than graded probabilities. How can these 2 positions be reconciled? Selective attention tasks, such as those used to study crowding, the attentional blink, rapid serial visual presentation, and so forth, were recast as probabilistic inference problems and used to assess how graded...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vul, Edward; Hanus, Deborah; Kanwisher, Nancy Source Type: journals
A stability bias in human memory: Overestimating remembering and underestimating learning.Email this article to a colleague.
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The dynamics of human memory are complex and often unintuitive, but certain features—such as the fact that studying results in learning—seem like common knowledge. In 12 experiments, however, participants who were told they would be allowed to study a list of word pairs between 1 and 4 times and then take a cued-recall test predicted little or no learning across trials, notwithstanding their large increases in actual learning. When queried directly, the participants espoused the belief that studying results in learning, but they showed little evidence of that belief in the actual task. These findings, when combined wit...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kornell, Nate; Bjork, Robert A. Source Type: journals
Metacognitive control and strategy selection: Deciding to practice retrieval during learning.Email this article to a colleague.
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Retrieval practice is a potent technique for enhancing learning, but how often do students practice retrieval when they regulate their own learning? In 4 experiments the subjects learned foreign-language items across multiple study and test periods. When items were assigned to be repeatedly tested, repeatedly studied, or removed after they were recalled, repeated retrieval produced powerful effects on learning and retention. However, when subjects were given control over their own learning and could choose to test, study, or remove items, many subjects chose to remove items rather than practice retrieval, leading to poor r...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Karpicke, Jeffrey D. Source Type: journals
Compression in visual working memory: Using statistical regularities to form more efficient memory representations.Email this article to a colleague.
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The information that individuals can hold in working memory is quite limited, but researchers have typically studied this capacity using simple objects or letter strings with no associations between them. However, in the real world there are strong associations and regularities in the input. In an information theoretic sense, regularities introduce redundancies that make the input more compressible. The current study shows that observers can take advantage of these redundancies, enabling them to remember more items in working memory. In 2 experiments, covariance was introduced between colors in a display so that over trial...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Brady, Timothy F.; Konkle, Talia; Alvarez, George A. Source Type: journals
Seeing meaning in action: A bidirectional link between visual perspective and action identification level.Email this article to a colleague.
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Actions do not have inherent meaning but rather can be interpreted in many ways. The interpretation a person adopts has important effects on a range of higher order cognitive processes. One dimension on which interpretations can vary is the extent to which actions are identified abstractly—in relation to broader goals, personal characteristics, or consequences—versus concretely, in terms of component processes. The present research investigated how visual perspective (own 1st-person vs. observer’s 3rd-person) in action imagery is related to action identification level. A series of experiments measured and manipulated...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Libby, Lisa K.; Shaeffer, Eric M.; Eibach, Richard P. Source Type: journals
Linda is not a bearded lady: Configural weighting and adding as the cause of extension errors.Email this article to a colleague.
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This article explores the configural weighted average (CWA) hypothesis suggesting that extension biases, like conjunction and disjunction errors, occur because people estimate compound probabilities by taking a CWA of the constituent probabilities. The hypothesis suggests a process consistent with well-known cognitive constraints, which nonetheless achieves high robustness and bounded rationality in noisy real-life environments. Predictions by the CWA hypothesis are that in error-free data, conjunction and disjunction errors should be the rule rather than the exception when pairs of statements are randomly sampled from an ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nilsson, Håkan; Winman, Anders; Juslin, Peter; Hansson, Göran Source Type: journals
A longitudinal analysis of achievement goals: From affective antecedents to emotional effects and achievement outcomes.Email this article to a colleague.
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Affect and emotions are frequently seen as outcomes of mastery and performance goals, but affective experiences may also predict goal adoption. In a predictive study (N = 669 first-year college students), the authors used structural equation modeling to estimate relationships from 2 initial affective experiences to mastery and performance-approach goals, from goals to discrete emotions, and from discrete emotions to final grades in a university course while controlling for prior achievement. Representing initial affective experiences, hopefulness positively predicted mastery and performance goals, whereas helplessness nega...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Daniels, Lia M.; Stupnisky, Robert H.; Pekrun, Reinhard; Haynes, Tara L.; Perry, Raymond P.; Newall, Nancy E. Source Type: journals
Are SSATS and GPA enough? A theory-based approach to predicting academic success in secondary school.Email this article to a colleague.
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Two studies were carried out to predict academic success in the highly competitive environment of a private preparatory school, Choate Rosemary Hall. The 1st study focused on the question of whether there are indicators beyond middle school grade-point average (GPA) and standardized test scores that might enhance the validity of measures for predicting success of students attending Choate. The results indicated the importance of taking into account aspects of self-regulated learning (SRL), such as academic self-efficacy, academic motivation, academic locus of control, and measures of the WICS (Wisdom, Intelligence, Creativ...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Grigorenko, Elena L.; Jarvin, Linda; Diffley, Ray; Goodyear, Julie; Shanahan, Edward J.; Sternberg, Robert J. Source Type: journals
Development and validation of a measure of academic entitlement: Individual differences in students’ externalized responsibility and entitled expectations.Email this article to a colleague.
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Four studies present the validation of a self-report scale capturing academic entitlement, which is defined as the tendency to possess an expectation of academic success without a sense of personal responsibility for achieving that success. The Academic Entitlement scale possesses a 2-factor structure (Study 1); 10 items measure students’ Externalized Responsibility for their academic success, and 5 items measure students’ self-serving Entitled Expectations about professors and course policies. In Study 2, the Externalized Responsibility subscale correlated positively with related measures of entitlement, grandiosity, ...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chowning, Karolyn; Campbell, Nicole Judice Source Type: journals
Spatial ability for STEM domains: Aligning over 50 years of cumulative psychological knowledge solidifies its importance.Email this article to a colleague.
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The importance of spatial ability in educational pursuits and the world of work was examined, with particular attention devoted to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) domains. Participants were drawn from a stratified random sample of U.S. high schools (Grades 9–12, N = 400,000) and were tracked for 11+ years; their longitudinal findings were aligned with pre-1957 findings and with contemporary data from the Graduate Record Examination and the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth. For decades, spatial ability assessed during adolescence has surfaced as a salient psychological attribute among thos...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Wai, Jonathan; Lubinski, David; Benbow, Camilla P. Source Type: journals
The importance of prior knowledge when comparing examples: Influences on conceptual and procedural knowledge of equation solving.Email this article to a colleague.
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Comparing multiple examples typically supports learning and transfer in laboratory studies and is considered a key feature of high-quality mathematics instruction. This experimental study investigated the importance of prior knowledge in learning from comparison. Seventh- and 8th-grade students (N = 236) learned to solve equations by comparing different solution methods to the same problem, comparing different problem types solved with the same solution method, or studying the examples sequentially. Unlike in past studies, many students did not begin the study with equation-solving skills, and prior knowledge of algebraic ...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rittle-Johnson, Bethany; Star, Jon R.; Durkin, Kelley Source Type: journals
Within-school social comparison: How students perceive the standing of their class predicts academic self-concept.Email this article to a colleague.
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Results from prior research indicate that a student’s academic self-concept is negatively influenced by the achievement of others in his or her school (a frame of reference effect) and that this negative frame of reference effect is not or only slightly reduced by the quality, standing, or prestige of the track or school attended (a “reflected glory” effect). Going beyond prior studies, the present research used both between-school and within-school approaches to investigate frame of reference and reflected glory effects in education, incorporating students’ own perceptions of the standing of their school and class...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Trautwein, Ulrich; Lüdtke, Oliver; Marsh, Herbert W.; Nagy, Gabriel Source Type: journals
Intergenerational family predictors of the Black–White achievement gap.Email this article to a colleague.
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The authors examined intergenerational family predictors of the Black–White achievement gap among 4,406 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. An intergenerational model of the process by which family factors contribute to the achievement gap was also tested. The results showed that the ethnic gaps in socioeconomic status (SES) and achievement had significantly reduced over the past few generations. Moreover, measures of grandparent SES, mothers’ achievement, parent SES, and a comprehensive set of reliable parenting practices explained all of the ethnic differences in achievement scores. Parenting ...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mandara, Jelani; Varner, Fatima; Greene, Nereira; Richman, Scott Source Type: journals
Age-related differences in achievement goal differentiation.Email this article to a colleague.
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Validity of the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework for school-aged children and adolescents was examined, using self-report responses from 1,196 Korean elementary and middle school students. Confirmatory factor analysis models hypothesizing 4 distinct achievement goal factors demonstrated the best fit in all age groups. Nevertheless, achievement goals of these young students were strongly correlated with each other, regardless of the goal definition or valence. The correlation became increasingly weaker with the increasing age of the respondents. Students in Grades 1–4 endorsed a mastery-approach goal most strongly, but t...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bong, Mimi Source Type: journals
Pictures and words: Spanish and English vocabulary in classrooms.Email this article to a colleague.
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The current study evaluated the relation between Spanish and English vocabulary. Whereas previously reported correlations have revealed strong differences among types of vocabulary measures used and the ages of the students tested, no prior study had used a multilevel model to control for classroom-level differences. The current study used multiple measures of vocabulary—picture vocabulary and narrative production tasks—in multilevel models of 1,300 Spanish-speaking students in 247 kindergarten and 1st-grade classrooms in English immersion and bilingual transitional programs. The current results highlight the need to s...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Branum-Martin, Lee; Mehta, Paras D.; Francis, David J.; Foorman, Barbara R.; Cirino, Paul T.; Miller, Jon F.; Iglesias, Aquiles Source Type: journals
Teacher–child interactions and children’s achievement trajectories across kindergarten and first grade.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study examined the extent to which the quality of teacher–child interactions and children’s achievement levels at kindergarten entry were associated with children’s achievement trajectories. Rural students (n = 147) were enrolled in a longitudinal study from kindergarten through first grade. Growth trajectories (initial level and slope) were modeled with hierarchical linear modeling for 3 areas of achievement: word reading, phonological awareness, and mathematics. Cross-classified analyses examined the extent to which quality of teacher–child interactions and children’s starting level predicted achievement g...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Curby, Timothy W.; Rimm-Kaufman, Sara E.; Ponitz, Claire Cameron Source Type: journals
Longitudinal impact of two universal preventive interventions in first grade on educational outcomes in high school.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study examined the longitudinal effects of 2 first-grade universal preventive interventions on academic outcomes (e.g., achievement, special education service use, graduation, postsecondary education) through age 19 in a sample of 678 urban, primarily African American children. The classroom-centered intervention combined the Good Behavior Game (H. H. Barrish, Saunders, & Wolfe, 1969) with an enhanced academic curriculum, whereas a second intervention, the Family–School Partnership, focused on promoting parental involvement in educational activities and bolstering parents’ behavior management strategies. Both prog...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bradshaw, Catherine P.; Zmuda, Jessika H.; Kellam, Sheppard G.; Ialongo, Nicholas S. Source Type: journals
Syllable and letter knowledge in early Korean Hangul reading.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study examined the development of Korean consonant–vowel (CV) syllable identification, consonant and vowel letter knowledge, and their relationships to phonological awareness and the reading of regular Hangul words among Korean kindergartners as a 6-month longitudinal study. Results showed that Korean children identified CV syllables better than consonant and vowel letters. In regression analyses, CV syllable identification at Time 1 strongly contributed to Hangul word recognition concurrently over and above letter knowledge, as well as longitudinally after controlling for letter knowledge and reading at Time 1. How...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cho, Jeung-Ryeul Source Type: journals
Predicting reading comprehension in early elementary school: The independent contributions of oral language and decoding skills.Email this article to a colleague.
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The authors examined the development of oral language and decoding skills from preschool to early elementary school and their relation to beginning reading comprehension using a cross-sequential design. Four- and 6-year-old children were tested on oral language and decoding skills and were retested 2 years later. In all age groups, oral language and decoding skills formed distinct clusters. The 2 clusters were related to each other in preschool, but this relation became weaker in kindergarten and 2nd grade. Structural equation modeling showed that both sets of skills in 2nd grade independently predicted a child’s reading...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kendeou, Panayiota; van den Broek, Paul; White, Mary Jane; Lynch, Julie S. Source Type: journals
Improving classroom learning by collaboratively observing human tutoring videos while problem solving.Email this article to a colleague.
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Collaboratively observing tutoring is a promising method for observational learning (also referred to as vicarious learning). This method was tested in the Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center’s Physics LearnLab, where students were introduced to physics topics by observing videos while problem solving in Andes, a physics tutoring system. Students were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) pairs collaboratively observing videos of an expert human tutoring session, (b) pairs observing videos of expert problem solving, or (c) individuals observing expert problem solving. Immediate learning measures did not display group ...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Craig, Scotty D.; Chi, Michelene T. H.; VanLehn, Kurt Source Type: journals
Practice enables successful learning under minimal guidance.Email this article to a colleague.
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Two experiments were conducted, contrasting a minimally guided discovery condition with a variety of instructional conditions. College students interacted with a computer-based tutor that presented algebra-like problems in a novel graphical representation. Although the tutor provided no instruction in a discovery condition, it constrained the possible actions sufficiently that students could always discover the algebraic transformations they needed to learn. In Experiment 1, with ample practice for each new transformation, students performed better in the discovery condition than any instructional condition. In Experiment ...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Brunstein, Angela; Betts, Shawn; Anderson, John R. Source Type: journals
Getting a handle on learning anatomy with interactive three-dimensional graphics.Email this article to a colleague.
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In 2 experiments, participants learned bone anatomy by using a handheld controller to rotate an on-screen 3-dimensional bone model. The on-screen bone either included orientation references, which consisted of visible lines marking its axes (orientation reference condition), or did not include such references (no–orientation reference condition). The learning task involved rotating the on-screen bone to match target orientations. Learning outcomes were assessed by asking participants to identify anatomical features from different orientations. On the learning task, the orientation reference group performed more accuratel...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Stull, Andrew T.; Hegarty, Mary; Mayer, Richard E. Source Type: journals
Beyond diathesis stress: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences.Email this article to a colleague.
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Discussion focuses upon limits of the evidence, statistical criteria for distinguishing differential susceptibility from diathesis stress, potential mechanisms of influence, and unknowns in the differential-susceptibility equation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Source: Psychological Bulletin - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Belsky, Jay; Pluess, Michael Source Type: journals
Linking dimensional models of internalizing psychopathology to neurobiological systems: Affect-modulated startle as an indicator of fear and distress disorders and affiliated traits.Email this article to a colleague.
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Integrative hierarchical models have sought to account for the extensive comorbidity between various internalizing disorders in terms of broad individual difference factors these disorders share. However, such models have been developed largely on the basis of self-report and diagnostic symptom data. Toward the goal of linking such models to neurobiological systems, we reviewed studies that have employed variants of the affect-modulated startle paradigm to investigate emotional processing in internalizing disorders as well as personality constructs known to be associated with these disorders. Specifically, we focused on fo...
Source: Psychological Bulletin - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vaidyanathan, Uma; Patrick, Christopher J.; Cuthbert, Bruce N. Source Type: journals
How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making.Email this article to a colleague.
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We review the growing literature on health numeracy, the ability to understand and use numerical information, and its relation to cognition, health behaviors, and medical outcomes. Despite the surfeit of health information from commercial and noncommercial sources, national and international surveys show that many people lack basic numerical skills that are essential to maintain their health and make informed medical decisions. Low numeracy distorts perceptions of risks and benefits of screening, reduces medication compliance, impedes access to treatments, impairs risk communication (limiting prevention efforts among the m...
Source: Psychological Bulletin - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Reyna, Valerie F.; Nelson, Wendy L.; Han, Paul K.; Dieckmann, Nathan F. Source Type: journals
Anxiety sensitivity and the anxiety disorders: A meta-analytic review and synthesis.Email this article to a colleague.
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There has been significant interest in the role of anxiety sensitivity (AS) in the anxiety disorders. In this meta-analysis, we empirically evaluate differences in AS between anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and nonclinical controls. A total of 38 published studies (N = 20,146) were included in the analysis. The results yielded a large effect size indicating greater AS among anxiety disorder patients versus nonclinical controls (d = 1.61). However, this effect was maintained only for panic disorder patients compared to mood disorder patients (d = 0.85). Panic disorder was also associated with greater AS compared to other...
Source: Psychological Bulletin - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Olatunji, Bunmi O.; Wolitzky-Taylor, Kate B. Source Type: journals
Cognitive appraisals and emotions predict cortisol and immune responses: A meta-analysis of acute laboratory social stressors and emotion inductions.Email this article to a colleague.
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Models of stress and health suggest that emotions mediate the effects of stress on health; yet meta-analytic reviews have not confirmed these relationships. Categorizations of emotions along broad dimensions such as valence (e.g., positive and negative affect) may obscure important information about the effects of specific emotions on physiology. Within the context of the integrated specificity model, we present a novel theoretical framework that posits that specific emotional responses associated with specific types of environmental demands influence cortisol and immune outcomes in a manner that would have likely promoted...
Source: Psychological Bulletin - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Denson, Thomas F.; Spanovic, Marija; Miller, Norman Source Type: journals
