Psychology
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 17.
Who’s Your Daddy? Global Nonpaternity Rates.
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The threat of being cuckolded is one of the most evolutionarily important threats faced by men especially in light of the fact that humans are a bi-parental species (i.e., children require great parental care from both parents). Numerous sex differences in sexual behavior have been linked to paternity uncertainty, as such it is perhaps appropriate to ask what the prevalence of cuckoldry actually is. Given the recent advances in DNA testing, we can now establish the paternity of an offspring, and accordingly determine some factors that might affect cuckoldry rates in different contexts. Incidentally,...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gad Saad, Ph.D. Tags: Evolutionary Psychology Relationships Sex any guesses broad spectrum counterparts cuckolded cuckoldry current anthropology different contexts dna paternity test DNA paternity testing dna testing dr anderson monogamy nbsp nbsp Source Type: consumer
When Negative Thoughts InvadeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Repeat the mantra: Not helpful.
Source: Psychology Today - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Timothy A. Pychyl, Ph.D. Tags: Happiness Mind Control Source Type: consumer
Think FastEmail this article to a colleague.
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Speed up your thoughts and your mood may take off.
Source: Psychology Today - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Alison Fromme Tags: Happiness Mind Control Source Type: consumer
Your Unwanted ThoughtsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Don't think about that pink elephant.
Source: Psychology Today - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kathleen McGowan Tags: Cognition Mind Control Source Type: consumer
Veni, Vidi, Vici Rumination!Email this article to a colleague.
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When the mind chews on anxiety, over and over.
Source: Psychology Today - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Allison Aboud Holzer, M.A.T., M.F.A., C.P.C.C. Tags: Anxiety Mind Control Source Type: consumer
Avoidance of affect mediates the effect of invalidating childhood environments on borderline personality symptomatology in a non-clinical sampleEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Clinical Psychologist - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sturrock, BonnieFrancis, AndrewCarr, Steven Source Type: journals
Women and DepressionEmail this article to a colleague.
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In her September 19th column, "Blue Is the New Black," Washington Post columnist Maureen Dowd related the fact that, according to the General Social Survey, which tracks the general mood of Americans, and five other major studies around the world, women are getting gloomier while men are becoming cheerier.Doesn't seem fair, does it? Not only do women have to deal with the "glass ceiling," lower earning power and all the rest, but now there's a rose-colored ceiling as well. The column goes on to deconstruct the possible reasons for women's increasing unhappiness, arriving at the general consensus that because women have so ...
Source: Psychology Today Depression Center - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Eva Ritvo, M.D. Tags: Depression Gender Happiness Health Psychiatry Self-Help Source Type: consumer
AcknowledgmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Psychological Science - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: journals
Chronic passive exposure to aggression escalates aggressiveness of rat observersEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study aimed to investigate this question by using a simple animal model to test the behavioral effect of chronic passive exposure to aggression. Our results indicate that observer rats that had been passively exposed to aggression for 10 min per day for 23 consecutive days exhibited more aggressive behavior than controls or those groups undergoing a single exposure to passive aggression. Furthermore, aggression levels in the group of 23-day chronic exposure to aggression lasted 16 days after the recovery from exposure to aggression. These data suggest that the development of aggression in this model occurred through a...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hideo Suzuki, Louis R. Lucas Source Type: journals
Does EMDR reduce post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in combat veterans?Email this article to a colleague.
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Prior meta-analyses have suggested that eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) may be effective in alleviating the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR is now being recommended as a treatment for military combat veterans who suffer from PTSD. We provide a review of published outcome studies that appeared in print from 1987 - April, 2008 which examined the specific effects of EMDR on PTSD among military combat veterans. Studies were identified through electronic bibliographic databases, web sites, and manual searches of article reference lists. A total of six randomized controlled trials (RC...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David L. Albright, Bruce Thyer Source Type: journals
Witnessed community and parental violence in relation to substance use and delinquency in a national sample of adolescentsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study examined whether witnessed community and parental violence represented risk factors for substance use and delinquency among adolescents, beyond the contribution of direct violence and other risk factors. We also examined the role of violence characteristics. Participants were a national sample of 3,614 adolescents. Structured telephone interviews assessed demographics, trauma history, witnessed violence, delinquency, and substance use. While accounting for trauma history and other risk factors, witnessed community and parental violence were associated with delinquency. Community violence was associated with subs...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Heidi M. Zinzow, Kenneth J. Ruggiero, Rochelle F. Hanson, Daniel W. Smith, Benjamin E. Saunders, Dean G. Kilpatrick Source Type: journals
Sex differences in vocal patterns in the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)Email this article to a colleague.
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We investigated whether sex differences in spatial dynamics correlate with rates of staccato and neigh vocalizations in northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural-Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 2,727 10 min focal subject samples were collected on 32 adult females and 31 adult males between April 2007 and March 2008. Compared with males, females spent a significantly lower proportion of their time in proximity to other group members and gave staccatos at significantly higher rates while feeding, resting, and traveling. Conversely, males emitted nei...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Luisa F. Arnedo, Francisco D.C. Mendes, Karen B. Strier Source Type: journals
Validity issues in the assessment of alexithymia related to the developmental stages of emotional cognition and languageEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
The present findings indicated that subjective difficulties in identifying and describing feelings are associated with empathetic and linguistic abilities. The developmental aspect to emotional awareness herein described suggests that self-reported questionnaires for alexithymia must be carefully constructed and examined, even for adults.
Source: BioPsychoSocial Medicine - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hiroki NishimuraGen KomakiTetsuya IgarashiYoshiya MoriguchiSohei KajiwaraToru Akasaka Source Type: journals
Editor's Note.Email this article to a colleague.
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Authors:
PMID: 19885728 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Community Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Am J Community Psychol Source Type: journals
Changing Family Food and Eating Practices: The Family Food Decision-Making System.Email this article to a colleague.
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CONCLUSION: The FDMS framework begins to address the complexity of food decision-making to guide intervention planning and further research.
PMID: 19885714 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Annals of Behavioral Medicine - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gillespie AM, Johnson-Askew WL Tags: Ann Behav Med Source Type: journals
Time to act and attend to the real mechanisms of action and attention.Email this article to a colleague.
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We discuss Humphreys' article in the context of two challenges that exist in regards to future research on the link between action and attention: (1) determining the cognitive and neural mechanisms responsible for an action-attention link and (2) demonstrating that the action-attention links observed in the laboratory reflect the same links between action and attention observed in the complexities of everyday life.
PMID: 19889256 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: British Journal of Psychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dalrymple KA, Kingstone A Tags: Br J Psychol Source Type: journals
Gender-related Differences in Visuospatial Memory Persist in Alzheimer's Disease.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study was designed to determine whether male advantage in active manipulation of visuospatial information can still be evidenced in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Twenty male and 20 female AD patients with equivalent age, education, dementia severity (Mini-Mental State Examination and Mattis Dementia Rating Scale), and visual discrimination abilities were recruited. We administered the forward span of Corsi block-tapping task and Vecchi's matrix memory task involving passive temporary retention of stimuli location. Active manipulation of visuospatial information was assessed with the backward span of Corsi block-tapping ta...
Source: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Millet X, Raoux N, Le Carret N, Bouisson J, Dartigues JF, Amieva H Tags: Arch Clin Neuropsychol Source Type: journals
Is a Diagnostic Category for Paraphilic Coercive Disorder Defensible?Email this article to a colleague.
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There is a proposal to establish a paraphilic coercive disorder as a new paraphilia in the DSM-V. The empirical data do not, however, support the hypothesis that a distinct syndrome exists that comprises males who are sexually aroused by the coercive elements of rape per se. Purported evidence for this syndrome has centered on the results of phallometric studies. Higher plethysmographic responses of rapists to coercive rape scenarios may, however, be better explained by the failure of coercive elements to inhibit arousal to sexual aspects of the stimuli rather than by arousal specifically to the coercive elements. In a...
Source: Archives of Sexual Behavior - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Knight RA Tags: Arch Sex Behav Source Type: journals
A Note of AppreciationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Psychother Psychosom 2010;79:4-5 (DOI:10.1159/000254900)
Source: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: journals
Practical Mindfulness: The New Witness Protection ProgramEmail this article to a colleague.
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For about 3 hours now, I've been sitting cross legged on my green comforter, staring at the TV. Someone, a woman, with too much lipstick and over-plucked, penciled-in eyebrows squeaks and hiccups about the ‘greatest' buy shoppers could ever hope for. Something about this season's must-have girdle that sweats away fat. Oh gawd. I am watching... The Shopping Channel.
Then I notice that familiar feeling that's been sinking into my chest, dawning into my arms, and trailing into my legs. What I fear and respect most shows its edges: Depression.
But I've learned that doesn't mean I will spiral out of control, descend under its...
Source: Psychology Today Depression Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Victoria Maxwell Tags: Depression Happiness Psychiatry Self-Help Stress comforter compassion demons depressive episodes eyebrows familiar feeling friendliness girdle healing hiccups insight jon kabat zinn lipstick meditation mental health Source Type: consumer
How to Spot a Liar - Using the Comfort / Discomfort ModelEmail this article to a colleague.
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During my last year at the FBI, I submitted my research and findings on deception, including a review of the literature for the previous 40 years. This led to the FBI publication of an article entitled “A Four Domain Model of Detecting Deception; an Alternative Paradigm for Interviewing.” In that article, I presented a new model for the law enforcement and intelligence community for detecting lies, based on the concept of limbic arousal and our displays of comfort and discomfort of which I have previously blogged.
Simply put, The Four Domain Model suggested, based on the research I had done, that when we ar...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Joe Navarro, M.A. Tags: Relationships assessment comfort criminal investigations critical junctures deception discomfort dishonesty Domain domain model emphasis fbi guilty knowledge hesitation intelligence community interpersonal interaction law e Source Type: consumer
Four Exercises for Social/Emotional EducationEmail this article to a colleague.
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For many years the classes I have taught at a large university all involved social/emotional education (SE). They worked best with a discussion format, rather than lectures, in seminars of about 20 students. Until recently the topic of these courses has been Communicating, role-playing difficult conversations that the students report. My present courses concern The World of Pop Songs. In this course we examine the emotional/relational elements in pop lyrics and in the students own lives.
The biggest problem in all of the SE classes has been getting men enrolled and keeping them involved in the class once enrolled. I have n...
Source: Psychology Today Depression Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Thomas Scheff, Ph.D. Tags: Anxiety Depression Gender Happiness Health Memory Personality Psychiatry Relationships Self-Help Social Life Stress Therapy boy scouts briefly catharsis contentment difficult conversations education emotional educatio Source Type: consumer
How Your Child Will DieEmail this article to a colleague.
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Odds are, sooner or later, your child will die of coronary artery disease (CAD) - fatty deposits in the arteries. Heart disease is the number one cause of death for Americans - strokes are third - and the large majority of both are due to CAD. Diabetes - which shares risk factors with CAD - is the sixth leading cause of death.The bad news - Americans' death rate is higher than most comparable economically advanced (and even several developing) countries. The good news - Americans' death rates are declining. More bad news, younger Americans are rapidly developing their risk profiles for CAD and diabetes, with as yet uncalcu...
Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Stanton Peele Tags: Parenting 14 year olds arteries cause of death childhood protection coronary artery disease coronary heart disease death rate death rates eight times fatal accidents fatty deposits infant mortality infant mortality rate kids in Source Type: consumer
Embryo Adoption: 7 QuestionsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Snowflakes Frozen Embryo Adoption was established in 1997 when its president, attorney Ron Stoddart, was asked to facilitate the open adoption of an embryo. Today, that Snowflake Baby is approaching teenhood. Since then there have been hundred of babies who have been born through the program.Ron Stoddart answered some of my more general questions about the program and the nuts and bolts of how it works. Nightlight Christian Adoptions is the "parent" agency of the Snowflake program. Families need not be Christian to adopt.Meredith: Can you explain what embryo adoption is all about - the nuts and bolts?Ron Stoddart: Embryo a...
Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Meredith Resnick, M.A., M.S.W., L.C.S.W. Tags: Parenting adoption adoptive parents birthmother childbirth court hearing e mail embryo adoption embryo donation emotional issues holiday card infertility infertility treatment IVF meredith nightlight christian adoptions nin Source Type: consumer
Are Parents To Be Blamed When Their Teens Intentionally Hurt Others?Email this article to a colleague.
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Are Parents to be blamed when their adolescents victimize others? From time to time, I read or hear news reports about how one or more adolescents have victimized one of their peers. About a month ago, it had to do with beating to death of a Chicago teen, and last week it was the gang rape of a fifteen year old girl. Out of habit, the first thing that pops into my mind is to ask who the parents of these attackers are, and why. But the truth is, parents are not to be blamed for the actions of their adolescents, however this is not to suggest that parents are relieved of all responsibility in regards to the actions of ...
Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ugo Uche Tags: Parenting adolecents adolescents attackers bodily harm bottom line caseworker co workers condolences crime discipline gang rape habit news reports offspring old girl parents peers perceptions relationship sex crime Source Type: consumer
Sibling Rivalry ≠ Sibling Abuse: Parents Beware!Email this article to a colleague.
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Sibling rivalry is considered a normal and routine part of family life these days. Bickering, teasing and fighting among siblings can be seen everywhere from school bus stops to our television sets.Sibling rivalry can and often does, however, slide into sibling abuse, with the potential to cause serious lifelong trauma and suffering. Sibling abuse takes many forms. Emotional torture, such as name-calling or taunting, is all too common between those who are familiar with one's weakest points. But sibling abuse can also involve physical abuse -- hair pulling, shoving, hitting, and even threats of bodily harm. Sibling abuse i...
Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Linda G. Mills Tags: Parenting abuse abuse story bodily harm caretaker corrina daily basis department of health department of health and human services dr phil Dr. Phil family life family therapy fighting healthy relationships life these days o Source Type: consumer
The Science of Speed Dating - Part IIIEmail this article to a colleague.
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Mimicry is pervasive in everyday interactions. We routinely find ourselves converging in speech and mannerisms to our friends and associates, or even the characters of our favorite TV shows. And it is also not unusual that, while engaged in conversation, we subconsciously adjust our posture to be similar to the stance of the person we are talking to. This type of subtle mimicry in social situations has convincingly been shown to have an effect on the person being mimicked; the effect usually occuring to the end that people have more positive feelings for those who mimic them than for those who do not mimic them.In 1983, fo...
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Daniel R. Hawes Tags: Evolutionary Psychology Personality attribution confederate confederates everyday interactions favorite tv mannerisms mimicking personal traits Physical attractiveness positive feelings posture psychologists richard maurer so Source Type: consumer
Reality as a Horror Movie: The Case of the Deadly Sweat Lodge (Part 1)Email this article to a colleague.
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Horror movies are hardly known for their depth. They may be knee deep in gore, but they're pretty shallow in meaning. Mostly, they're about revenge if (beyond sending chills down your spine) they're about anything at all. The stark tragedy of self-styled guru James Arthur Ray's crudely constructed (and massively overcrowded) sweat lodge is a different "horror story" altogether. Sickening almost all its 60 or so occupants--and finally killing three of them, while hospitalizing 17 others, this "personal growth" experience gone wrong is replete with meaning. What I'd like to explore here are the lessons that I think we ...
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Leon F. Seltzer, Ph.D. Tags: Happiness Health Media Personality Philosophy Self-Help Spirituality breakfast buffet chills debacle difficulty breathing Elizabeth Lesser evolution of consciousness exploiting spiritual traditions growth experience horror mo Source Type: consumer
How to Spoil a Good Day at the Office: Passive Aggression in the WorkplaceEmail this article to a colleague.
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In The Angry Smile: The Psychology of Passive Aggressive Behavior in Families, Schools and Workplaces, 2nd ed, we dedicate an entire chapter to describing why workplaces can be especially ripe for passive aggressive behavior--by employees and bosses alike. Here are a few of the funny stories we've collected since the book was published. Please add your own in the Comments section of this Blog! Posted by Mike on 1/21/09I have a co-worker who relies on e-mails and phone calls anytime he wants to communicate--even though we all work together in the same office building, on the same floor! Most of the time, it would be qu...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Signe Whitson, L.S.W. Tags: Relationships Work 2nd ed account executive apology appearance blog boss co worker comments section communication e mail employee interference kelli obsession one office passive aggression passive aggressive passive a Source Type: consumer
ECNP Calendar of EventsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: journals
ContentsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: journals
Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: journals
The Six Signals of DivorceEmail this article to a colleague.
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On many occasions I have written about the issue of mutuality in divorce. In few cases do both partners reach the decision to divorce at the same time. Invariably, one of the partners, perhaps the one with a lower pain threshold, decides that she just can't live with the marriage any longer, and notwithstanding all the loss and dislocation of divorce, decides that it would be better than continuing the marriage. Although the initiator can be and frequently is the husband, it is the wife in about seventy five percent of divorces who initiates the ending of the marriage. The non-initiating spouse may be close behind and may ...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sam Margulies Tags: Relationships apology beginning of divorce conflict dislocation divorced divorces emotional need erosion glue initiator long time marriage mutuality occasions pain threshold time sex warning signs warnings of divorce Source Type: consumer
Art Therapy Meets Digital Art and Social MultimediaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Traditional materials of 20th century visual arts--drawing, painting, sculpture, and collage or mixed media--have defined the field of art therapy for the past 50 years. In fact, most educational programs that offer art therapy coursework or related degrees require applicants to demonstrate proficiency in drawing, painting, and sculpture as part of prerequisites. But as digital technology has become more accessible and straight-forward, practitioners of art therapy are gradually including digital media as a method and means for client self-expression. Well, maybe...A decade before the explosion of social multimedia [YouTub...
Source: Psychology Today Depression Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cathy Malchiodi Tags: Creativity Depression Health Media Psych Careers Self-Help Therapy Animoto art therapist art therapy autism autism spectrum disorder computer computer art therapy digital digital media drawing enhancing creativity flick Source Type: consumer
The Weirdest People in the World? (Has Psychology Research Gone Wrong?)Email this article to a colleague.
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Have you ever had the feeling that something could be wrong -- really wrong -- with our understanding of human nature and the insights offered into it by psychology research?Tags: ethics, in practice, intelligence, motivation, news and research, relationships, society
Source: CounsellingResource.com News and Features - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dr Greg Mulhauser, Managing Editor Tags: General ethics in practice intelligence motivation news and research relationships society Source Type: news
Learning to Be OurselvesEmail this article to a colleague.
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How I eat at home now is quite different to how I ate when I was young. And yet, I don't have a sense that my younger self wasn't me -- quite the opposite. The story of my learning which foods I like is "my" story.Tags: diet and weight loss, mindful awareness, relationships
Source: CounsellingResource.com News and Features - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Evan Hadkins Tags: General diet and weight loss mindful awareness relationships Source Type: news
Encyclopedia of Psychology and ReligionEmail this article to a colleague.
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The Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion offers a definitive and intellectually rigorous collection of psychological interpretations of the stories, rituals, motifs, symbols, doctrines, dogmas, and experiences of the world’s religious and mythological traditions. The Encyclopedia applies a wide range of psychological approaches to understanding the form and content of religious and ...
Source: Springer Psychology titles - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Clinical Psychology (general) Source Type: organizations
Can I Get Your Number?Email this article to a colleague.
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Men and women count sexual partners differently.
Source: Psychology Today - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jay Dixit Tags: Sex Sexual History Source Type: consumer
Are Men Romantic?Email this article to a colleague.
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Men keep their love in their hearts.
Source: Psychology Today - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nancy Kalish, Ph.D. Tags: Sex Sexual History Source Type: consumer
Passion in a Hook-Up CultureEmail this article to a colleague.
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Love gets short shrift.
Source: Psychology Today - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John R. Buri, Ph.D. Tags: Sex Sexual History Source Type: consumer
The Orgasmic QuestEmail this article to a colleague.
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Our ancient programming leads to more than we need.
Source: Psychology Today - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marnia Robinson Tags: Sex Sexual History Source Type: consumer
What do halloween, the NY marathon and chocolate have in common?Email this article to a colleague.
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The connnection between halloween and chocolate is pretty obvious, but where does a marathon fit in? To understand this connection you may have to have been where I was today, at the race in Central Park, watching runners lurch toward the finish line. "It's the best drug I've ever had," one runner said to me after the race. "What, the runner's high?" I asked? "No, all the people clapping and cheering, for hours, he said. "I've never felt so deeply connected to the human race."Cleary a part of the thrill of the race is a sense of increased status, of being noticed and appreciated by so many people, which as I wrote about re...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David Rock Tags: Evolutionary Psychology Happiness Neuroscience Philosophy Relationships Resilience Sport and Competition absence brain central park chocolate circuitry connectedness crowd finish line fr halloween horns in group marat Source Type: consumer
Seeking Pleasure and Seeking Pain: Differences in Prohedonic and Contra-Hedonic Motivation From Adolescence to Old AgeEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACT[mdash]Using a mobile-phone-based experience-sampling technology in a sample of 378 individuals ranging from 14 to 86 years of age, we investigated age differences in how people want to influence their feelings in their daily lives. Contra-hedonic motivations of wanting either to maintain or enhance negative affect or to dampen positive affect were most prevalent in adolescence, whereas prohedonic motivations of wanting either to maintain, but not enhance, positive affect or to dampen negative affect were most prevalent in old age. This pattern was mirrored by an age-related increase in self-reported day-to-day emo...
Source: Psychological Science - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Michaela Riediger, Florian Schmiedek, Gert G. Wagner, Ulman Lindenberger Source Type: journals
Destination Memory: Stop Me if I've Told You This BeforeEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACT[mdash]Everyone has recounted a story or joke to someone only to experience a nagging feeling that they may already have told this person this information. Remembering to whom one has told what, an ability that we term destination memory, has been overlooked by researchers despite its important social ramifications. Using a novel paradigm, we demonstrate that destination memory is more fallible than source memory[mdash]remembering the person from whom one has received information (Experiment 1). In Experiments 2 and 3, we increased and decreased self-focus, obtaining support for a theoretical framework that explain...
Source: Psychological Science - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nigel Gopie, Colin M. MacLeod Source Type: journals
Visual Parsing After Recovery From BlindnessEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACT[mdash]How the visual system comes to bind diverse image regions into whole objects is not well understood. We recently had a unique opportunity to investigate this issue when we met three congenitally blind individuals in India. After providing them treatment, we studied the early stages of their visual skills. We found that prominent figural cues of grouping, such as good continuation and junction structure, were largely ineffective for image parsing. By contrast, motion cues were of profound significance in that they enabled intraobject integration and facilitated the development of object representations that p...
Source: Psychological Science - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yuri Ostrovsky, Ethan Meyers, Suma Ganesh, Umang Mathur, Pawan Sinha Source Type: journals
Social Learning Mechanisms and Cumulative Cultural Evolution: Is Imitation Necessary?Email this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACT[mdash]Cumulative cultural evolution has been suggested to account for key cognitive and behavioral attributes that distinguish modern humans from their anatomically similar ancestors, but researchers have yet to establish which cognitive mechanisms are responsible for this kind of learning and whether they are unique to humans. Here, we show that human participants' cumulative learning is not always reliant on sources of social information commonly assumed to be essential. Seven hundred participants were organized into 70 microsocieties and completed a task involving building a paper airplane. We manipulated the a...
Source: Psychological Science - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Christine A. Caldwell, Ailsa E. Millen Source Type: journals
Cognition Without Control: When a Little Frontal Lobe Goes a Long WayEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACT[mdash]The prefrontal cortex is crucial for the ability to regulate thought and control behavior. The development of the human cerebral cortex is characterized by an extended period of maturation during which young children exhibit marked deficits in cognitive control. We contend that prolonged prefrontal immaturity is, on balance, advantageous and that the positive consequences of this developmental trajectory outweigh the negative. Particularly, we argue that cognitive control impedes convention learning and that delayed prefrontal maturation is a necessary adaptation for human learning of social and linguistic c...
Source: Current Directions in Psychological Science - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sharon L. Thompson-Schill, Michael Ramscar, Evangelia G. Chrysikou Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
Compensatory Control: Achieving Order Through the Mind, Our Institutions, and the HeavensEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACT[mdash]We propose that people protect the belief in a controlled, nonrandom world by imbuing their social, physical, and metaphysical environments with order and structure when their sense of personal control is threatened. We demonstrate that when personal control is threatened, people can preserve a sense of order by (a) perceiving patterns in noise or adhering to superstitions and conspiracies, (b) defending the legitimacy of the sociopolitical institutions that offer control, or (c) believing in an interventionist God. We also present evidence that these processes of compensatory control help people cope with t...
Source: Current Directions in Psychological Science - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Aaron C. Kay, Jennifer A. Whitson, Danielle Gaucher, Adam D. Galinsky Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
Socioeconomic Status and Health: What Is the Role of Reserve Capacity?Email this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACT[mdash]A robust, linear association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health has been identified across many populations and health outcomes. This relationship is typically monotonic, so that each step down the SES hierarchy brings increased vulnerability to disease and premature mortality. Despite growing attention to health disparities, scientists and policymakers have made little progress toward confronting their causes and implementing effective solutions. Using the reserve capacity model (Gallo & Matthews, 2003) as an organizing framework, the current article examines the contribution of resilient psychos...
Source: Current Directions in Psychological Science - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Linda C. Gallo, Karla Espinosa de los Monteros, Smriti Shivpuri Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
The Importance of Sound for Cognitive Sequencing Abilities: The Auditory Scaffolding HypothesisEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACT[mdash]Sound is inherently a temporal and sequential signal. Experience with sound therefore may help bootstrap[mdash]that is, provide a kind of "scaffolding" for[mdash]the development of general cognitive abilities related to representing temporal or sequential patterns. Accordingly, the absence of sound early in development may result in disturbances to these sequencing skills. In support of this hypothesis, we present two types of findings. First, normal-hearing adults do best on sequencing tasks when the sense of hearing, rather than sight, can be used. Second, recent findings suggest that deaf children have di...
Source: Current Directions in Psychological Science - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Christopher M. Conway, David B. Pisoni, William G. Kronenberger Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
