Psychology
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 21.
Who is setting your Agenda?
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In the 1970's, Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw set out to understand how news organizations affect what people view as their most pressing civic issues. In their study they examined local (Chapel Hill, N.C.) newspapers and news broadcasts and then asked residents to list what issues they were most concerned about.What they found was telling.A majority of the respondents cited concerns that matched the front-page and lead stories in their local newspaper and TV news broadcasts. They also found that the news stories that newspapers and broadcasts devoted less time and space to ended up being on the bottom of the respondents'...
Source: Psychology Today Work Center - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bakari Akil II, Ph.D. Tags: Work Agenda Setting Theory approach best places Chapel Hill civic issues co worker common sense dating relationships Donald Shaw itinerary lateral direction lead stories line of reasoning Maxwell McCombs media news broadcas Source Type: consumer
Great ideas vs. confidence: Which counts more?Email this article to a colleague.
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What's better? Having a great idea or being confident that you have a great idea?Granted, it's not always a choice between confidence and a great idea - sometimes you really can have both. But keep those two things in mind as you read about this experiment done with business students at MIT. The subjects were a group of up-and-coming business executives gathered at MIT to present their business plans to their peers. Their incentive was the promise that the best ideas would be recommended for funding.The first experimental twist here is that the group members were not the only ones watching and evaluating the bu...
Source: Psychology Today Work Center - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Prof. Alex "Sandy" Pentland Tags: Work accuracy business executives business plan business plans business students confidence final decision group members informational content listeners measurements mimicry nbsp peers pitch social channel social content Source Type: consumer
Burning ManEmail this article to a colleague.
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Living out fantasies in a controlled environment.
Source: Psychology Today - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kathleen McGowan Tags: Personality Letting Loose Source Type: consumer
Dare To Be BadEmail this article to a colleague.
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Say hello to your shadow and thrive.
Source: Psychology Today - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Susan K. Perry, Ph.D. Tags: Personality Letting Loose Source Type: consumer
Bad for Teeth, Good for SocietyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Community building on All Hallows' Eve.
Source: Psychology Today - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sonya Sobieski Tags: Evolutionary Psychology Letting Loose Source Type: consumer
A Wholesome Guide to MisbehavingEmail this article to a colleague.
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Venture a bit out-of-bounds and you'll reap surprising benefits.
Source: Psychology Today - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rebecca Webber Tags: Happiness Letting Loose Source Type: consumer
Darling, Do You Really Want To Reject Me?Email this article to a colleague.
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"I'll never know what made you run away, I only know there's nothing in this wide world, left for me to see." (The Brothers Four) "Love of my life don't leave me, Bring it back bring it back, Don't take it away from me, Because you don't know what it means to me" (Queen) "What have I got to do to make you love me?" (Elton John) Romantic Ideology describes the best case scenario of love that only very few people will ever experience-a passionate love that lasts forever. A more common experience in the romantic realm is that of separation, which is often interpreted as rejection. The essential role of love in our life, and o...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Aaron Ben-Zeév, Ph.D. Tags: Philosophy Relationships best case scenario carpenters consolation contrary controllable desire Elton John existence heavenly haven hurt illusion intensity love love of my life painful situation passionate love personal Source Type: consumer
High school teacher suspended after assigning an article on homosexuality in animalsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Yesterday, Mr. Delong, a 10th and 12th grade Honors English teacher in Piasa, IL was suspended for assigning an article about homosexuality in the animal kingdom to his students. Should teachers ask their students to read about controversial topics? Should we allow parents veto power over the curriculum?The local paper reporting this story quoted the teacher saying, "I have been suspended, but not without pay," Delong, of Carlinville, said Wednesday. "But I would rather not comment further until I speak with my union representative." In true student-activism fashion, a Facebook group called "Bring back Mr. Delong" has been...
Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Elizabeth Meyer, Ph.D. Tags: Child Development Cognition Gender Parenting Philosophy controversial topics critical thinkers curriculum delong english teacher gender and sexuality glbtq community heterosexism heterosexuality homosexuality homosexuality in Source Type: consumer
Reality MiningEmail this article to a colleague.
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We live our lives in digital networks. We wake up in the morning, check our e-mail, make a quick phone call, commute to work, buy lunch. Many of these transactions leave digital breadcrumbs - tiny records of our daily experiences. Reality mining, which pulls together these crumbs using statistical analysis and machine learning methods, offers an increasingly comprehensive picture of our lives, both individually and collectively. This new science of reality mining looks at the world the way that people do, sensing patterns of human interaction and rhythms of groups and organizations in a way that mirrors our human "social s...
Source: Psychology Today Work Center - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Prof. Alex "Sandy" Pentland Tags: Work accelerometers computational models crumbs digital networks e mail emerging technologies honest signals human behavior human interaction mining works name badges new science patterns of communication professional success Source Type: consumer
Encyclopedia of Psychology and ReligionEmail this article to a colleague.
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The Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion offers a definitive and intellectually rigorous collection of psychological interpretations of the stories, rituals, motifs, symbols, doctrines, dogmas, and experiences of the world’s religious and mythological traditions. The Encyclopedia applies a wide range of psychological approaches to understanding the form and content of religious and ...
Source: Springer Psychology titles - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Clinical Psychology (general) Source Type: organizations
The Restraint Bias: How the Illusion of Self-Restraint Promotes Impulsive BehaviorEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACT[mdash]Four studies examined how impulse-control beliefs[mdash]beliefs regarding one's ability to regulate visceral impulses, such as hunger, drug craving, and sexual arousal[mdash]influence the self-control process. The findings provide evidence for a restraint bias: a tendency for people to overestimate their capacity for impulse control. This biased perception of restraint had important consequences for people's self-control strategies. Inflated impulse-control beliefs led people to overexpose themselves to temptation, thereby promoting impulsive behavior. In Study 4, for example, the impulse-control beliefs of ...
Source: Psychological Science - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Loran F. Nordgren, Frenk van Harreveld, Joop van der Pligt Source Type: journals
Plasticity changes in the brain in hypnosis and meditationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Neuroscientific evidence interprets both hypnotic trance induction and different meditation traditions as modified states of consciousness that emphasize attention, concentration and the letting go of thoughts, but they differ in terms of sensory input, processing, memory, and the sense of time. Furthermore, hypnosis is based on the suggestibility of a person and meditation on mindfulness; therefore it is not surprising to find differential brain plasticity changes. We analysed shared and non-shared neural substrates using electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance i...
Source: Contemporary Hypnosis - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ulrike Halsband, Susanne Mueller, Thilo Hinterberger, Simon Strickner Source Type: journals
Changes in mid-to-late latency auditory evoked reponses in the chicken during neural maturationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Utilizing the special advantages offered by the protracted maturation of neural circuits in chicken forebrain this study investigates the functional consequence of maturation using auditory evoked response potentials (AERPs) in behaving animals. Repeated measures AERP recordings were undertaken between weeks 1 and 8 posthatch. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant decrease in amplitude of the positive AERP component and a decrease in latency of the negative AERP component with maturation. AERPs were also utilized to investigate perturbed maturation via the induction of chemically induced hypothyroidism. Results from...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rebbekah Atkinson, John A.P. Rostas, Mick Hunter Source Type: journals
Majority members' acculturation goals as predictors and effects of attitudes and behaviours towards migrants.Email this article to a colleague.
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Migration causes permanent processes of acculturation involving migrants but also members of mainstream society. A longitudinal field study with 70 German majority members investigated how their acculturation goals causally related to their attitudes and behaviours towards migrants. We distinguished acculturation goals concerning the migrants' culture(s) (what migrants should do) and acculturation goals concerning the usually neglected own changing mainstream culture. Both were conceived along the two dimensions of 'culture maintenance' and 'culture adoption'. Cross-sectionally we found many strong links between accult...
Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology - October 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Geschke D, Mummendey A, Kessler T, Funke F Tags: Br J Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
Can We Adapt to Big Cities and to Little Nature?Email this article to a colleague.
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Some people say that we don't have to worry that we're destroying the natural world, and that we increasingly live in increasingly large, congested, and polluted cities. At the core of their argument usually lies three claims, which sound something like this: (i) "Well adapt." (ii) "Adaption is how we evolved." And (iii) "adaptation is good for us."It's a pernicious argument.Granted, the first claim is true. We will adapt. It is that or we will go extinct, and I doubt that will happen. The second claim is also true. Adaptation is part of our evolutionary heritage. But the third claim is not always true. It is possible to a...
Source: Psychology Today Work Center - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Peter H. Kahn, Jr., Ph.D. Tags: Evolutionary Psychology Happiness Health Morality Social Life Stress Work adaptation adaptations adaption biological systems Choices cities darkened area evolutionary heritage harmful ultraviolet radiation hemoglobin huma Source Type: consumer
You Majored in What? And You're Going to Med School?Email this article to a colleague.
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In the world of linear career thinking we often take comfort in what we know to be "true." Pre-med students should major in biology, of course. Pre-law students should major in political science or economics. The problem is that the truth isn't nearly as obvious as it might seem. Or even true.While waiting to do a television interview about my book yesterday, I had an interesting conversation with a dentist who was waiting to do an interview about good and bad Halloween candy. (By the way did you know that pretzels and raisins can be worse for your teeth than candy? But I digress...) When he learned that my book was about ...
Source: Psychology Today Work Center - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Katharine Brooks, Ed.D. Tags: Work admissions art classes business courses chaos theory college majors college student cosmetic dentistry dental school faculty members halloween candy law school law students linear response lsat MCAT med students medi Source Type: consumer
I'll Pay You Ten Dollars to Throw That AppleEmail this article to a colleague.
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I was observing a Speech Therapist work with an autistic child (I consult with a school system in New York). The teacher was sweetly and diligently trying to help him pronounce the word ‘Green.' The boy, we'll call him Alan, threw the apple he was holding at the teacher. It bounced lightly off her.The Speech teacher laughed, and then, realizing that she might have been sending the wrong message, got a stern look on her face. "Alan , look at me," she said. "I am not happy."Alan then went on to do many more minor defiant acts, including sitting in her chair, knocking objects over, leaving his desk and walking around the ro...
Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jonathan Levy Tags: Autism Child Development Happiness Health Parenting acts adult adults Apple autistic child button pushing. misbehaving cartoon character child care child fun children with autism countless times desk joey promise reac Source Type: consumer
Life Lessons From My FatherEmail this article to a colleague.
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It may sound strange, but I've come to think of my life not so much in terms of my "in-the-hospital" Melissa and "normal-spunky-redhaired" Melissa, but in terms of life before my father's suicide and the life I've tried to create from the ruins left behind in his wake.<!--break-->That second girl - the one who lost her father at the tender age of 21? I like to think of her as Melissa 2.0. On the outside, it's still me - green eyes, dots of freckles running up and down my arms, the cute little smile. But the girl on the inside has morphed into a woman. She was born the day my father died.And yet, as angry as I was (an...
Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Melissa Blake Tags: Child Development Health Parenting Relationships Resilience Self-Help cool water daughter disability dots family family man father freckles green eyes gulf of mexico hands and feet life lessons little feet little smil Source Type: consumer
Emergence research: Just how did matter become mattering?Email this article to a colleague.
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I work in a field called emergence which is trying to solve such gynormous mysteries as how information emerges from energy, how life emerges from chemistry, how selves emerge from atoms, how soulishness emerges from life, how purpose emerges from non-purpose. We're not asking whether they do. Evidence suggests strongly that they do, and not the other way around with God, the great purposeful and informed soul in the sky making atoms and chemistry. We're not asking why they emerged either. Or where or when, because it's safe to assume they didn't just emerge here in our neighborhood of the universe. No, we're asking pre...
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jeremy Sherman, Ph.D. Tags: Personality Philosophy Relationships atoms attributes biology chemistry chlorine gas combinatorial logic context Contexts determinism emergence evolution free will john stuart mill mysteries origins of life personalitie Source Type: consumer
Five Great “Don’ts” of a Happiness Project.Email this article to a colleague.
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Several people have said to me, “When you’re making a resolution, it’s better not to say ‘No’ or ‘Don’t’ to yourself. You should keep it positive. Find ways to say 'yes'!” I think there’s some merit to thinking about resolutions this way – but I don’t agree completely. First of all, sometimes it feels good to say “No” to yourself. For instance, I resolved No more drinking (mostly), and that resolution has made me much happier. (If you're giving something up, you might want to take the "Are you a moderator or an abstainer?" quiz.) Also, sometimes following a “Don’t” can make you very happy....
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gretchen Rubin Tags: Happiness Health Personality Relationships Resilience Self-Help acts of kindness blog great don money quiz random acts of kindness resolutions self control word of mouth Source Type: consumer
The Importance of Exercise and Dimension Factors in Assessment Centers: Simultaneous Examinations of Construct-Related and Criterion-Related ValidityEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Human Performance - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lievens, FilipDilchert, StephanOnes, Deniz S. Source Type: journals
Do Raters Agree More on Observable Items?Email this article to a colleague.
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Source: Human Performance - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Roch, Sylvia G.Paquin, Anthony R.Littlejohn, Traxler W. Source Type: journals
Feeling Committed to Work: How Specific Forms of Work-Commitment Predict Work Behavior and Performance Over TimeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Human Performance - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ellemers, NaomiVan Steenbergen, Elianne F. Source Type: journals
Perceptions of Overall Fairness: Are Effects on Job Performance Moderated by Leader-Member Exchange?Email this article to a colleague.
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Source: Human Performance - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hammer, LeslieBauer, Talya N.Erdogan, BerrinTruxillo, Donald M.Johnson, Jeff Source Type: journals
Assessing Personality in the Employment Interview: The Impact of Training on Rater AccuracyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Human Performance - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Powell, Deborah M.Goffin, Richard D. Source Type: journals
ACKNOWLEDGMENTEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Human Performance - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: journals
Halloween costumes: Is sexy empowering?Email this article to a colleague.
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Earlier this week, I wrote a post on my You'd Be So Pretty If... blog about my daughter's search for a Halloween costume. Given the reaction it got, I'm reprinting it here:
I'm not usually a big ranter -- in public, anyway -- but at what point did a "holiday" for children become all about women looking sexy?
Last week, I took my kids to a local Halloween store (one of those places that moves in temporarily in the month before Halloween) to look for costumes. My son, who's 11, made a beeline for the scariest costumes he could find, and ended up choosing this freaky, demented-looking jester mask that gives me the willi...
Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dara Chadwick Tags: Parenting Body image halloween sexy teens tweens Source Type: consumer
The Mysteries of Pair BondingEmail this article to a colleague.
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Human behavior varies a lot. As compared with other primates, we're heavily influenced by culture, religion, family upbringing, and so forth. As a consequence, it's logical to conclude that our fitful monogamy is purely culturally induced and not instinctual. (On the other hand, we readily seem to accept that promiscuous tendencies are wired into our brains.)
In fact, we are programmed to pair bond—just as we're programmed to add notches to our belts. By programmed, I mean that our brains are set up so that we engage in these behaviors with a lower threshold of enticement than we would otherwise. Both these program...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marnia Robinson Tags: Relationships Ardipthecus brains Caregivers Coolidge Effect culture religion drug use enticement family upbringing human behavior impulses inclinations italian research learned behavior monogamy neural correlates neurochemi Source Type: consumer
Affirmed yet unaware: Exploring the role of awareness in the process of self-affirmation.Email this article to a colleague.
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Three studies investigated whether self-affirmation can proceed without awareness, whether people are aware of the influence of experimental self-affirmations, and whether such awareness facilitates or undermines the self-affirmation process. The authors found that self-affirmation effects could proceed without awareness, as implicit self-affirming primes (utilizing sentence-unscrambling procedures) produced standard self-affirmation effects (Studies 1 and 3). People were generally unaware of self-affirmation's influence, and self-reported awareness was associated with decreased impact of the affirmation (Studies 1 and...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sherman DK, Cohen GL, Nelson LD, Nussbaum AD, Bunyan DP, Garcia J Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
The existence bias.Email this article to a colleague.
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The authors demonstrate that people treat the mere existence of something as evidence of its goodness. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that an existing state is evaluated more favorably than an alternative. Study 3 shows that imagining an event increases estimates of its likelihood, which in turn leads to favorable evaluation; the more likely that something will be, the more positively it is evaluated. Study 4 shows that the more a form is described as prevalent, the more aesthetically attractive is that form. This indicates a causal relationship between aesthetic judgments and existence in a domain lacking choice among al...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Eidelman S, Crandall CS, Pattershall J Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
When the association between appearance and outcome contaminates social judgment: A bidirectional model linking group homogeneity and collective treatment.Email this article to a colleague.
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Group formation is an inevitable consequence of social life, and the tendency to perceive people as a collective unit persists once they have been categorized as a group. Drawing on the concept of homogeneity, the authors propose a model suggesting that groups may endure in part because people who are perceived as homogeneous attract collective treatment (e.g., monetary rewards and punishment), and such treatment further reinforces the perception that the group's members are homogeneous. In support of this model, more homogeneous groups attracted collective treatment and collectively treated groups seemed to be more ho...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Alter AL, Darley JM Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
Self-centered social exchange: Differential use of costs versus benefits in prosocial reciprocity.Email this article to a colleague.
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Maintaining equitable social relations often requires reciprocating "in kind" for others' prosocial favors. Such in-kind reciprocity requires assessing the value of a prosocial action, an assessment that can lead to egocentric biases in perceived value between favor givers versus favor receivers. In any prosocial exchange, 1 person (the giver) incurs a cost to provide a benefit for another person (the receiver). Six experiments suggest that givers may attend more to the costs they incur in performing a prosocial act than do receivers, who tend to focus relatively more on the benefits they receive. Givers may therefore ...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zhang Y, Epley N Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
Seeking conversion versus advocating tolerance in the pursuit of social change.Email this article to a colleague.
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In 2 studies, the authors examined reactions to social change effected by minorities' successful increase of tolerance for diversity within a group or conversion of a group to the minority position. Minorities who increased tolerance for diversity, compared with those who converted a group to their own position, identified more strongly with the group (Study 1). Study 2 replicated these findings. Additionally, it showed that majorities disidentified less from the group when majorities lost their dominant position due to the group's increased tolerance for diversity than when majorities lost their dominant position due ...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Prislin R, Filson J Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
Defensive helping: Threat to group identity, ingroup identification, status stability, and common group identity as determinants of intergroup help-giving.Email this article to a colleague.
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On the basis of development of the concept of "defensive helping," the authors demonstrated that high ingroup identifiers thwart a threat to group identity through defensive help-giving (i.e., by extending help to an outgroup member whose achievements jeopardize their status). Participants were 255 Israeli high school students (130 boys and 125 girls) ages 16-18. The phenomenon of defensive helping was demonstrated in a minimal group (Study 1) and real-group (Study 2) experiment. Study 3, which examined real groups, supported the extension of the phenomenon of defensive helping to relations between high- and low-status...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nadler A, Harpaz-Gorodeisky G, Ben-David Y Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
Give a person power and he or she will show interpersonal sensitivity: The phenomenon and its why and when.Email this article to a colleague.
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The goal of the present research was to investigate whether high or low power leads to more interpersonal sensitivity and what potentially mediates and moderates this effect. In Study 1, 76 participants in either a high- or low-power position interacted; in Study 2, 134 participants were implicitly primed with either high- or low-power or neutral words; and in Study 3, 96 participants were asked to remember a situation in which they felt high or low power (plus a control condition). In Study 4, 157 participants were told to identify with either an egoistic, empathic, or neutral leadership style. In all studies, interpe...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Schmid Mast M, Jonas K, Hall JA Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
The cultural effects of job mobility and the belief in a fixed world: Evidence from performance forecast.Email this article to a colleague.
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Results from 5 studies illustrate how perception of and experiences with low job mobility can shape culture-characteristic pattern of judgments and behaviors. Although both Americans and some Asian groups (e.g., Chinese, Asian Americans) consider having successful practitioners' personality traits (role personalities) to be important to job performance, the Asian groups place heavier emphasis on possessing role personalities when making performance forecast than do Americans (Studies 1-3). Moreover, even among Americans, a brief subjective experience with low job mobility can increase the perceived importance of posses...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chen J, Chiu CY, Chan SF Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
Does devoutness delay death? Psychological investment in religion and its association with longevity in the Terman sample.Email this article to a colleague.
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Religious people tend to live slightly longer lives (M. E. McCullough, W. T. Hoyt, D. B. Larson, H. G. Koenig, & C. E. Thoresen, 2000). On the basis of the principle of social investment (J. Lodi-Smith & B. W. Roberts, 2007), the authors sought to clarify this phenomenon with a study of religion and longevity that (a) incorporated measures of psychological religious commitment; (b) considered religious change over the life course; and (c) examined 19 measures of personality traits, social ties, health behaviors, and mental and physical health that might help to explain the religion-longevity association. Discre...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: McCullough ME, Friedman HS, Enders CK, Martin LR Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
Intellect as distinct from openness: Differences revealed by fMRI of working memory.Email this article to a colleague.
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Relatively little is known about the neural bases of the Big Five personality trait Openness/Intellect. This trait is composed of 2 related but separable aspects, Openness to Experience and Intellect. On the basis of previous behavioral research (C. G. DeYoung, J. B. Peterson, & D. M. Higgins, 2005), the authors hypothesized that brain activity supporting working memory (WM) would be related to Intellect but not to Openness. To test this hypothesis, the authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan a sample of 104 healthy adults as they performed a difficult WM task. Intellect (and not Openness)...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Deyoung CG, Shamosh NA, Green AE, Braver TS, Gray JR Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
Predicting unpredictability: Do measures of interpersonal rigidity/flexibility and distress predict intraindividual variability in social perceptions and behavior?Email this article to a colleague.
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Maladjusted individuals have been theorized to exhibit problematic intraindividual variability of social behavior across situations. This variability is either excessively high (i.e., unpredictable) or low (i.e., rigid), or the behavior is inappropriately matched to the interpersonal context (noncomplementary). However, research has not tested systematically whether interpersonal distress and purported measures of rigidity actually predict these different types of variability across a broad range of social situations. Participants completed measures of interpersonal functioning and then responded to a range of hypothet...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Erickson TM, Newman MG, Pincus AL Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
The structure of intraindividual value change.Email this article to a colleague.
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Values are assumed to be relatively stable during adulthood. Yet, little research has examined value stability and change, and there are no studies on the structure of value change. On the basis of S. H. Schwartz's (1992) value theory, the authors propose that the structure of intraindividual value change mirrors the circumplexlike structure of values so that conflicting values change in opposite directions and compatible values change in the same direction. Four longitudinal studies, varying in life contexts, time gaps, populations, countries, languages, and value measures, supported the proposed structure of intraind...
Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bardi A, Lee JA, Hofmann-Towfigh N, Soutar G Tags: J Pers Soc Psychol Source Type: journals
Why Millions of Brains Love (and Hate) TwitterEmail this article to a colleague.
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Explaining the appeal of the popular medium
Source: Psychology Today - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David Rock Tags: Social Life Twitter Source Type: consumer
Understanding the Psychology of TwitterEmail this article to a colleague.
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A profile of the tweeting brain
Source: Psychology Today - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Moses Ma Tags: Cognition Twitter Source Type: consumer
Time Management for TwitterEmail this article to a colleague.
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All a Twitter: Seven ways to manage your Twitter time
Source: Psychology Today - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Karen Leland Tags: Media Twitter Source Type: consumer
Ten Things I Like About TwitterEmail this article to a colleague.
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The human side of Twitter
Source: Psychology Today - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Pamela Rutledge, Ph.D., M.B.A. Tags: Social Life Twitter Source Type: consumer
The Uncertainty ParadoxEmail this article to a colleague.
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I know a secret--a deeply profound, life-changing secret--one learned through the school of hard knocks in one of its most grueling courses. It is nothing short of the very key to living with uncertainty, this secret; and because you, dear bloggie (is that what one calls a reader of a blog?), have been so supportive of this outreach project, I will share it with you, free of charge and with no obligation. (You are very welcome.) To prepare yourself for the sage, paradoxical wisdom I am about to impart, I suggest you close your eyes and imagine a dramatic drum roll. Picture, if it helps, the clouds in the sky parting above ...
Source: Psychology Today Anxiety Center - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jeff Bell Tags: Anxiety best efforts blog chipmunks clouds in the sky compulsion contrary counterintuitive crickets deep breath doubt drum roll efficacy extremes footnotes living with uncertainty obligation obsession ocd outreach pro Source Type: consumer
Marriage As A Business ProposalEmail this article to a colleague.
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People marry for all sorts of reasons. People enjoy being married and stay married for reasons that evolve over time. Though studies have shown being married is associated with a longer life span (for men, at least), I don't believe—nor is there evidence—that a married life necessarily results in more happiness in the long run than a life lived singly. <!--break--> However, marriage is challenging in ways that living singly is not. Because viewing the challenges of a given situation in the context of a parallel situation can generate a fresh perspective and energy for problem solving, I thought I'd describe an an...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Alex Lickerman, M.D. Tags: Relationships acco all sorts analogy benefit of marriage business business plan business proposal complementary skills happiness life span lots of money married life match mergers parameters partnership partnerships pro Source Type: consumer
Self-Affirmation Enhances Attentional Bias Toward Threatening Components of a Persuasive MessageEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACT[mdash]We explored whether self-affirmation enhances attentional bias toward threatening elements of a persuasive message. Female alcohol consumers read an article linking alcohol to breast cancer and were then exposed supraliminally to threat and nonthreat words from the article (as well as threat and nonthreat words that did not appear in the article). Among moderately heavy drinkers who were not self-affirmed, there emerged an attentional bias away from the threatening words in the article[mdash]a result suggesting an avoidant response. However, among moderately heavy drinkers who were self-affirmed, there was a...
Source: Psychological Science - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: William M.P. Klein, Peter R. Harris Source Type: journals
Death, Life, Scarcity, and Value: An Alternative Perspective on the Meaning of DeathEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACT[mdash]That the scarcity of objects enhances their value is a widely known principle in the behavioral sciences. In addition, research has demonstrated that attaching high value to an object produces biased perceptions of its scarcity. Three studies applied this bidirectional link between scarcity and value to the meaning of death, testing the prediction that death represents the scarcity of life. In Study 1, reminders of death led to enhanced evaluations of life. In Studies 2 and 3, the monetary (Study 2) and psychological (Study 3) value of life were manipulated. In both studies, when human life was highly valuab...
Source: Psychological Science - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Laura A. King, Joshua A. Hicks, Justin Abdelkhalik Source Type: journals
Representation of Shape in Individuals From a Culture With Minimal Exposure to Regular, Simple Artifacts: Sensitivity to Nonaccidental Versus Metric PropertiesEmail this article to a colleague.
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This report provides evidence against this explanation. The Himba, a seminomadic people living in a remote region of northwestern Namibia where there is little exposure to regular, simple artifacts, were virtually identical to Western observers in their greater sensitivity to nonaccidental properties than to metric properties of simple shapes.
Source: Psychological Science - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Irving Biederman, Xiaomin Yue, Jules Davidoff Source Type: journals
I'll Walk This Way: Eyes Reveal the Direction of Locomotion and Make Passersby Look and Go the Other WayEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study shows that humans (a) infer other people's movement trajectories from their gaze direction and (b) use this information to guide their own visual scanning of the environment and plan their own movement. In two eye-tracking experiments, participants viewed an animated character walking directly toward them on a street. The character looked constantly to the left or to the right (Experiment 1) or suddenly shifted his gaze from direct to the left or to the right (Experiment 2). Participants had to decide on which side they would skirt the character. They shifted their gaze toward the direction in which the characte...
Source: Psychological Science - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lauri Nummenmaa, Jukka Hyönä, Jari K. Hietanen Source Type: journals
