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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 24.

Illness Acceptance, Hospitalization Stress and Subjective Health in a Sample of Chronic Patients Admitted to Hospitalemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of illness acceptance on the subjective health of hospitalized chronic medical patients. Participants were 128 patients with a previous diagnosis of chronic coronary artery disease, cancer, or chronic renal disease, who were admitted to a public hospital. Illness acceptance was associated with higher levels of subjective health. It was negatively related to psychological symptoms and positively to self-rated health, even after controlling for demographic variables, type of disease, years since diagnosis, health-related quality of life and hospitalization stress. Furthermore,...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Karademas, E. C., Tsagaraki, A., Lambrou, N. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Sleep Apnea and Psychological Functioning in Chronic Fatigue Syndromeemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Objectives were to explore: (1) whether sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) should be considered a chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) comorbidity, rather than a diagnostic exclusion criterion; and (2) to compare sleep/wake/ psychopathology in individuals with CFS, controls and another illness. Participants (CFS, SAHS, controls) completed questionnaires and were evaluated for SAHS; 68 percent were subsequently diagnosed with SAHS. CFS participants with and without SAHS did not differ. Both clinical groups were less well adjusted than controls. We conclude that SAHS should not be an exclusion criterion for CFS and that psycholo...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Libman, E., Creti, L., Baltzan, M., Rizzo, D., Fichten, C. S., Bailes, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Fathers' Views and Understanding of their Roles in Families with a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysisemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
This study explored how fathers of children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) perceived and understood the roles they had within their family over the course of their child’s illness and treatment. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with five fathers. Transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The major themes that emerged were: adjusting to the diagnosis; the experience of maternal gate-keeping; striving for normalization; experiences of giving and receiving support. Overall, the fathers perceived themselves as having significant responsibility in...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hill, K., Higgins, A., Dempster, M., McCarthy, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Mirrors and Resistance Exercise, Do They Influence Affective Responses?email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to examine affective responses during and following resistance exercise in a mirrored environment. Thirty-two females completed three sessions. During session one, exercise intensity was determined for the subsequent two sessions. During the next two sessions participants performed eight exercises either with or without mirrors. Affect was measured prior to, during, immediately following and 15 minutes post-exercise. Affect was more pleasant and activated during and following exercise, but did not differ by condition. The inability to find a difference in mirrored condition may be a result of ...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chmelo, E. A., Hall, E. E., Miller, P. C., Sanders, K. N. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Changing Nutrition, Physical Activity and Body Weight among Student Nurses and Midwives: Effects of a Planning Intervention and Self-efficacy Beliefsemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The study tested if effects of a planning intervention on fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity and body weight may be moderated by self-efficacy. Student nurses and midwives (N = 182) were randomly assigned to the planning or the control condition. The intervention included action and coping plans and was followed by two booster sessions. Follow-up took place at two months after last booster session. The intervention affected fruit and vegetable intake. Additionally, body mass index of overweight participants was reduced. Baseline self-efficacy moderated the effects of the intervention: only respondents repor...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Luszczynska, A., Haynes, C. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Anxiety Sensitivity and Catastrophizing: Associations with Pain and Somatization in Non-clinical Childrenemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the relationships among anxiety sensitivity (AS), catastrophizing, somatization and pain in 240 non-clinical children (121 girls; mean age = 12.7 years). Children with pain problems (n = 81; 33.8%) reported greater AS and catastrophizing (ps < .01) relative to children without pain problems. AS but not catastrophizing was significantly associated with current pain. However, both AS and catastrophizing were significantly associated with somatization. AS and catastrophizing represent related but partially distinct cognitive constructs that may be targeted by interventions aimed at alleviating pain and ...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tsao, J. C.I., Allen, L. B., Evans, S., Lu, Q., Myers, C. D., Zeltzer, L. K. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

The Impact of Gender and Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Activity on Depressive Symptoms Following Surgical Stressemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The impact of gender and cortisol levels on depression following planned surgery was examined in 95 men and women. Patients were assessed prior to surgery and at one and three months following surgery. Higher cortisol levels conferred greater risk for depression at one and three months following surgery. This effect was stronger for men than women at one month following surgery, but did not differ between genders at three months post-surgery. Results support a mechanistic role of HPA alterations in depression following a surgical stressor that differs in strength between men and women.
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Pinna, K., Cremeans-Smith, J. K., Greene, K., Delahanty, D. L. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

The individual health burden of acne: Appearance-related distress in male and female adolescents and adults with back, chest and facial acneemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
This study examined appearance-related distress in patients with acne. One hundred and thirty-two people attending a specialist acne clinic completed questionnaires including the Derriford Appearance Scale and three self-rated acne scales covering more (facial) and less visible (chest, back) acne sites. Women with acne demonstrated greater self-consciousness of appearance and negative self-concept than men. Subjective rating of severity of facial acne was significantly associated with increased social self-consciousness in women, but not in men. Back acne was significantly associated with sexual and bodily self-consciousne...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hassan, J., Grogan, S., Clark-Carter, D., Richards, H., Yates, V. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Protection Motivation Theory and Physical Activity: A Longitudinal Test among a Representative Population Sample of Canadian Adultsemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to examine the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to predict physical activity (PA) behaviour in a large, population-based sample of adults. One thousand six hundred and two randomly selected individuals completed two telephone interviews over two consecutive six-month periods assessing PMT constructs. PMT explained 35 per cent and 20 per cent of the variance in intention and behaviour respectively. Coping cognitions as moderators of threat explained 1 per cent of the variance in intention and behaviour. Age and gender as moderators of threat did not provide additional variance in the models. ...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Plotnikoff, R. C., Rhodes, R. E., Trinh, L. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Predictors of Familism in the Caregiver Role: A Pilot Studyemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to investigate whether age, gender and ethnicity were predictive of familism in caregivers; and whether familism was associated with coping. Forty-five British South-Asian and 43 British Caucasian caregivers completed a cross-sectional questionnaire of demographics, the brief Cope and the Heller Familism scale. Asian and younger caregivers endorsed higher levels of familsim than Caucasian and older caregivers. In the final model, demographic variables, humour, religious, active and instrumental coping explained 41 per cent of the variance in caregiver familism. The findings suggest the need to consider fam...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Parveen, S., Morrison, V. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

'Football Is Good for Your Sleep': Favorable Sleep Patterns and Psychological Functioning of Adolescent Male Intense Football Players Compared to Controlsemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the impact of football sports on the sleep patterns of 36 male chronic and intense football players and 34 controls. Participants completed a sleep log for seven consecutive days. Compared to controls, football players reported shorter sleep onset latency, fewer awakenings, higher scores of sleep quality and a lower variability of sleep from weekdays to weekends. The findings suggest that football sports activity is positively associated with both quantitative and qualitative dimensions of sleep.
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Brand, S., Beck, J., Gerber, M., Hatzinger, M., Holsboer-Trachsler, E. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Crossed Evaluations of Temptation to Drink, Strain and Adjustment in Couples with Alcohol Problemsemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The aim was to describe discrepancies between patients’ and spouses’ dyadic adjustment scores, spouse strain and patients’ temptation to drink during abstinence. Patients overestimated the dyadic adjustment scores of their partner and spouses underestimated patients’ scores. Spouses overestimated patients’ temptation to drink. Correlations between patients’ and spouses’ scores were generally high (.61 to .78) except for five measures of spouse strain which were lower (.31 to .50). Results show discrepancies concerning marital function and the temptation to drink which could be impo...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Antoine, P., Christophe, V., Nandrino, J.-L. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Development and Validation of the Physician--Patient Humor Rating Scaleemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was the development of a rating instrument to assess the use of humor in physician— patient interactions, and to compare humor use as a function of patients’ socioeconomic status. The 46-item Physician—Patient Humor Rating Scale (PPHRS) was used to rate 246 audiotaped primary care interactions. Four subscales were reliable and valid, demonstrating correlations with patient satisfaction and reports of physician humor, with physician satisfaction and with separate affective communication ratings. There was a significant difference in use of humor as a function of patient socioecono...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Haskard Zolnierek, K. B., Dimatteo, M. R., Mondala, M. M., Zhang, Z., Martin, L. R., Messiha, A. H. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Using the Constructive Narrative Perspective to Understand Physical Activity Reasoning Schema in Sedentary Adultsemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
We used the Constructive Narrative Perspective (CNP), a three-level, progressively complex reasoning schema, to examine how individuals perceive barriers to physical activity. Sedentary adults (N = 23) aged 50 years and older (M = 65.23; SD = 6.03) participated in semi-structured interviews regarding their reasons for physical inactivity. The results provided initial support for using the CNP framework. Level II (self-relevant) and Level III (cognitive-affective schema-related) reasons were most commonly reported. Level I (evidence-based) reasons were less commonly reported. The CNP framework could become a useful tool in ...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Buman, M. P., Giacobbi, P. R., Yasova, L. D., McCrae, C. S. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Which is more critical in identification of random figures, endpoints or closures?1email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The present study intended to examine the criticality of the presence of endpoints and its complementary state, the presence of closures, in early figural identification. Three experiments used a same/different judgment task for simultaneously presented pairs of random figures. Rigorous control over the selections of stimulus figures containing closures and endpoints was ensured. Latencies predicted by six explanations of figural identification (i.e. parallel and the presence of endpoint detection; parallel and closure detection; serial, exhaustive and endpoint detection; serial, exhaustive and closure detection; serial, s...
Source: Japanese Psychological Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: FUMIO KANBE Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Disarming Your Buttons: How Not to Get Provoked (Part 3 of 4)email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
"Inoculating" Yourself Against External Irritants Part 1 of this post focused on better understanding the origins of your hot buttons, while Part 2 centered on resolving past disturbances that created these buttons in the first place. Now, in the next two parts, it's time to look at ways of preparing yourself in the present to better cope with people and circumstances that still seem to threaten your mental and emotional equilibrium--outward forces that continue to activate your not-yet-disconnected buttons. No less an author than Albert Ellis has written a book entitled How to Keep People from Pushing Your Buttons (1995)....
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Leon F. Seltzer, Ph.D. Tags: Personality Relationships Self-Help Therapy Work Aaron Beck Albert Ellis alteration assumptions behavioral rehearsal behaviorists circumstances cognitive behavioral therapy cognitive therapy coping with anger covert rehearsal Source Type: consumer

Dr. Phil Style Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapyemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Dr. Phil will be the first to admit that you cannot expect to accomplish much in one session (or a show), but rather, he intends his intervention to serve as a catalyst for change. He generally employs the concepts, strategies and techniques of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in a limited way; on the show, he helps to define the problem and find a better direction. While he makes it clear he is not one who advocates endless, non-directive therapy, he does often recommend that people who are suffering from a variety of difficulties seek treatment with a skilled CBT therapist.Experienced therapists who have been trained i...
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Allison Conner, Psy.D. Tags: Personality Relationships Self-Help Therapy aaron t beck aaron t beck md anxiety disorders automatic thoughts behavioral behavioral therapy CBT cognitive behavioral therapy cognitive therapy congitive core beliefs depression Source Type: consumer

How high self-esteem can get us downemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
High self-esteem is a real feel-good. We admire others who possess it and strive for it ourselves. Innumerable self-help books and workshops have been devoted to helping people improve their self-esteem. But there is a dark side to it that people often fail to see. And this dark side can actually leave them feeling worse about themselves; and failing to make sought-after changes in their lives.Kristin Neff, a renowned researcher on compassion, expressed the downsides of pursuing high self-esteem in her piece Self-Compassion: Moving beyond the pitfalls of a separate self-concept (2008). I'll summarize some of what she wrote...
Source: Psychology Today Depression Center - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dr Leslie Becker-Phelps Tags: Depression Happiness Self-Help academics blog entry candy bar circles compassion definitions dieter dips failure high risk high self-esteem Kristin Neff no mercy pitfalls positive feelings renowned researcher self con Source Type: consumer

How NOT to Tell Your Spouse You Want Outemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Without question, the cruelest way you can tell your spouse you want out of the marriage is to never mention that you are unhappy and then, one day quite out of the blue say, "I'm not happy. I want a divorce." I call this a "hit and run" way to tell your spouse you want out of the marriage and, in my professional opinion, it is the most hurtful, hateful and heinous way to exit your nuptials. Those on the receiving end of this proclamation would surely agree with me.A hundred per cent of the people who come to see me after their spouse has dropped this two ton bomb on them have been nothing short of devastated, bleary ...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Susan Pease Gadoua Tags: Relationships bomb conversations couples disregard disrespect divorce fear feelings hmmm logic long time marriage nuptials out of the blue selfishness shock telling your spouse when it ' s over Source Type: consumer

Choose Your Zip Code Wiselyemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Where you live is much more than a backdrop to your life
Source: Psychology Today - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Katie Gilbert Tags: Social Life Sense of Place Source Type: consumer

New Kid on the Blockemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
How parents can ease the transition
Source: Psychology Today - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mackenzie Dawson Parks Tags: Parenting Sense of Place Source Type: consumer

Travel to Create Selfemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
New experiences can be identity-forming. 
Source: Psychology Today - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Robert Fuller, Ph.D. Tags: Self-Help Sense of Place Source Type: consumer

Holy Places, Profane Practicesemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
 It's who you keep out that makes a place special 
Source: Psychology Today - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Michael Kaplan Tags: Spirituality Sense of Place Source Type: consumer

Obsessions: WWII and Iraq?email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
My last column suggested that WW1 was a product of a national obsession. The French leaders and the public wanted to wipe out the stain to their honor caused by the lost of the Franco-Prussian war in 1871. Historians call this obsession revanchisme (revenge-ism). However, it is possible that their successful revenge against Germany laid the foundation for WWII, a counter revenge. Historically, many conflicts, both small and large, seem to have been produced by cycles of revenge. (The history of Sicily is an obvious example). From the testimony of his intimates, Hitler's personality was bizarre to the point of madness. His ...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Thomas Scheff, Ph.D. Tags: Politics Psychiatry Relationships aggression anger anger and aggression conflict coterie franco prussian war french leaders history of sicily humiliation intense pain intimates liberal government madman mein kampf mental Source Type: consumer

Are We Entering The Age of Empathy?email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
 Greed is out. Empathy is in. That's how Frans de Waal begins his book, The Age of Empathy: Nature's Lessons For A Kinder Society. De Waal is a biologist, professor of psychology and director of the Living Link Center at Emory University. In 2007, Time magazine selected him as one of the world's most influential people. The global financial crisis of 2008, together with the election of a new American President representing a vastly different political and social perspective, has produced a "seismic shift in society," argues de Waal. The distinguished scientist says it is long overdue that we jettisoned our beliefs about h...
Source: Psychology Today Work Center - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ray B. Williams Tags: Work american president animal species animals species biology emory university empathy examples of cooperation frans de waal global financial crisis greed human existence human society human species humans and other animals Source Type: consumer

Nine- to 11-month-old infants' reasoning about causality in anomalous human movements1email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Two habituation experiments investigated 9[ndash]11-month-old infants' reasoning about causality in anomalous human movements. During habituation, infants saw an event in which a person walked toward a stationary person behind an occluder who fell down after an interval. Then, the infants were tested with two events without the occluder: the contact event in which the first person pushed the second one to fall down and the no-contact event in which the second person fell down without any contact. In Experiment 1, in which the persons were face-to-back, infants looked at the no-contact event for a longer time, whereas in Ex...
Source: Japanese Psychological Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: DAISUKE KOSUGI, HIRAKU ISHIDA, CHIZUKO MURAI, KAZUO FUJITA Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

What is special about the index finger?: The index finger advantage in manipulating reflexive attentional shift1email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
We examined the efficacy of various pointing gestures in evoking viewer's attentional shifts. After viewing the gesture cue, observers quickly reported the location of a visual target. With a short cue-target delay, reaction times were generally shorter for the target at the location where gesture cues pointed, but not with a long cue-target delay. Moreover, the indexical pointing gesture produced a significantly larger cueing effect than the other gestures. Our control experiments indicated that the index-finger advantage is tightly linked to the proper morphological shape (i.e. length and position of the index finger) of...
Source: Japanese Psychological Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: ATSUNORI ARIGA, KATSUMI WATANABE Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Perceived certainty based on verbal probability phrases: Effect of directionality and its dependence on methodemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Verbal probability phrases (e.g. "possible" or "doubtful") have a feature called "directionality" (Teigen & Brun, 1995), which focuses listeners on event occurrence or nonoccurrence. We conducted an experiment about certainty estimations based on verbal probabilities in order to examine the effect of directionality on perceived certainty. In measuring perceived certainty, we used scale-based method involving responses with a scale (e.g. 101 points' scale, 0 = unlikely to 100 = likely) and numerical method involving responses such as "50%." We found that, although the effect of directionality on perceived certainty was obse...
Source: Japanese Psychological Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: HIDEHITO HONDA, KIMIHIKO YAMAGISHI Tags: Short Reports Source Type: journals

Mean recovery rate: A simple measure of recovery uncontaminated by the carryover effectemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Assessment of recovery is important for the investigation of stress but has been compounded by difficulties, in particular contamination by the carryover effect. In the present study, the mean recovery rate (MRR) was used in order to overcome this difficulty. First, the validity of the MRR was demonstrated theoretically. Second, it was demonstrated experimentally, when a comparison was made with the validity of the mean recovery per se. In the experiment, data on beat-by-beat systolic blood pressure, obtained from 18 participants before, during, and after mental arithmetic, were used as a typical sample. The implications o...
Source: Japanese Psychological Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: YUKIHIRO SAWADA, YUICHI KATO Tags: Short Reports Source Type: journals

Meta-stereotype as an indicator of intergroup attitude: How Japanese perceive they are viewed by Koreansemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Meta-stereotype refers to individuals' predictions about how their group is viewed by an outgroup rather than their own impressions about the outgroup (i.e. other-stereotype). We posited that, because of their inferential nature, meta-stereotypes can be affected by evaluational aspects, and that being liked or disliked can evoke reciprocal feelings toward the outgroup. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether meta-stereotypes are predictive of implicitly measured attitudes toward an outgroup by focusing on the Japanese meta-stereotype of Koreans. Japanese participants answered questions about their meta- and...
Source: Japanese Psychological Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: JIYOON KIM, TOMOKO OE Tags: Short Reports Source Type: journals

Gender differences in distributive negotiation: When in the negotiation process do the differences occur?email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
This study tested whether the degree of association among aspiration level, intended opening offer, actual first offer, actual counter-offer, and final agreement was moderated by negotiator gender. Results show that gender does moderate the association between the predictor variable of intended opening offer and the criterion variable of actual first offer and the relationship between intended opening offer and actual counter-offer. Interesting, this latter association was statistically non-significant for women and statistically significant for men. These results suggest that gender differences disadvantaging women seem t...
Source: European Journal of Social Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Edward W. Miles Source Type: journals

Acute stress disorder in the paediatric surgical children and adolescents injured during the Wenchuan earthquake in Chinaemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and symptoms of acute stress disorder (ASD) in the paediatric surgical children and adolescents injured during the Wenchuan earthquake in China. One hundred eighteen children and adolescent inpatients were surveyed by the ASD scale (ASDS) within 1 month of the earthquake. Using the validated ASDS score above cut-off threshold levels, the incidence of ASD in this sample was 54.3 per cent. The morbidity of ASD were 56.1, 24.6 and 19.3 per cent in the child, in the early adolescent and in the middle adolescent, respectively. There was no significant difference amo...
Source: Stress and Health - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kezhi Liu, Xuemei Liang, Lanting Guo, Yuan Li, Xirong Li, Bo Xin, Mingjin Huang, Yuanyuan Li Source Type: journals

The Nature of Symbols in the Language of Thoughtemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The core of the language of thought program is the claim that thinking is the manipulation of symbols according to rules. Yet LOT has said little about symbol natures, and existing accounts are highly controversial. This is a major flaw at the heart of the LOT program: LOT requires an account of symbol natures to naturalize intentionality, to determine whether the brain even engages in symbol manipulations, and to understand how symbols relate to lower-level neurocomputational states. This paper provides the much-needed theory of symbols, and in doing so, alters the LOT program in significant respects.
Source: Mind and Language - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: SUSAN SCHNEIDER Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The Meaning of 'Most': Semantics, Numerosity and Psychologyemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The meaning of 'most' can be described in many ways. We offer a framework for distinguishing semantic descriptions, interpreted as psychological hypotheses that go beyond claims about sentential truth conditions, and an experiment that tells against an attractive idea: 'most' is understood in terms of one-to-one correspondence. Adults evaluated 'Most of the dots are yellow', as true or false, on many trials in which yellow dots and blue dots were displayed for 200 ms. Displays manipulated the ease of using a 'one-to-one with remainder' strategy, and a strategy of using the Approximate Number System to compare of (approxima...
Source: Mind and Language - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: PAUL PIETROSKI, JEFFREY LIDZ, TIM HUNTER, JUSTIN HALBERDA Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The Pervasive Impact of Moral Judgmentemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
A series of recent studies have shown that people's moral judgments can affect their intuitions as to whether or not a behavior was performed intentionally. Prior attempts to explain this effect can be divided into two broad families. Some researchers suggest that the effect is due to some peculiar feature of the concept of intentional action in particular, while others suggest that the effect is a reflection of a more general tendency whereby moral judgments exert a pervasive influence on folk psychology. The present paper argues in favor of the latter hypothesis by showing that the very same effect that has been observed...
Source: Mind and Language - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: DEAN PETTIT, JOSHUA KNOBE Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The Vernacular Concept of Innatenessemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The proposal that the concept of innateness expresses a 'folk biological' theory of the 'inner natures' of organisms was tested by examining the response of biologically naive participants to a series of realistic scenarios concerning the development of birdsong. Our results explain the intuitive appeal of existing philosophical analyses of the innateness concept. They simultaneously explain why these analyses are subject to compelling counterexamples. We argue that this explanation undermines the appeal of these analyses, whether understood as analyses of the vernacular concept or as explications of that concept for the purposes of science.
Source: Mind and Language - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: PAUL GRIFFITHS, EDOUARD MACHERY, STEFAN LINQUIST Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Index to Volume 24email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Source: Mind and Language - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Looking at the Components of Treatment for Depressionemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
This commentary reviews the Jacobson et al. (1996) article that is often cited as the basis for the current interest in behavioral activation (BA). It is argued that the results do not necessarily support the conclusion that BA is the essential component of cognitive therapy. Second, the commentary discusses the potential value of isolating components of complex treatment packages for depression and evaluating them for their match to the lives of individual depressed persons.
Source: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lynn P. Rehm Tags: COMMENTARIES Source Type: journals

Reaffirmation of Behavioral Approaches to Depression Treatmentemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
This meta-analytic review improved on the methods and scope of similar reviews but reached the same conclusion that behavioral activation (BA) therapies for adult depression are much more effective than control conditions and comparable with cognitive-behavioral interventions. Future research should strengthen our understanding of the mechanisms that account for the effectiveness of BA approaches and should provide more evidence on long-term maintenance. The resurgence of interest in BA was attributed to pioneering work of Lewinsohn and the components analysis research of Jacobson and colleagues, who demonstrated the effec...
Source: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Manuel Barrera Jr Tags: COMMENTARIES Source Type: journals

Conceptualizing Mental Health Care Utilization Using the Health Belief Modelemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
This article uses the Health Belief Model (HBM; Health Education Monographs, 1974, 2:409) as a framework for explaining what factors might encourage or inhibit an individual from utilizing mental health services. The HBM is a socio-cognitive approach that proposes that people are likely to engage in a given health-related behavior when they believe the problem could have serious consequences for daily living activities, when they believe the intervention will be effective, and when they perceive few barriers to taking action. When applied to mental health utilization, this model provides a structure for developing and eval...
Source: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Erin J. Henshaw, Carol R. Freedman-Doan Tags: REVIEW Source Type: journals

Commentary: Using Psychological Theory in Help-Seeking Researchemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
In commenting on Henshaw and Freedman-Doan's (2009) article, we note that the topic is significant because treatment rates for mental health problems remain relatively low; we agree that theory-based research is needed to better understand and remediate this. We discuss dual-process models of health behavior, including heuristic-based as well as reasoned or rational information processing, and the role of informal networks and social comparison processes in symptom labeling and help seeking decisions. We suggest how social-cognitive theory may be useful for further research, and we note the low rates of help seeking for po...
Source: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Thomas A. Wills, Frederick X. Gibbons Tags: COMMENTARIES Source Type: journals

If We Build It, Will They Come? The Health Belief Model and Mental Health Care Utilizationemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Application of the Health Belief Model (HBM) to the problem of underutilization of mental health services represents a creative and potentially quite useful conceptual innovation. Importantly, Henshaw and Freedman-Doan (2009) address several critical issues in this application, including the importance of considering the role of diversity in the HBM, the essential role of evidence regarding the benefits of the approach, evaluation of costs relative to those benefits, and the possible integration of the approach into primary care settings. Yet, there are also major challenges to be addressed in future research, including th...
Source: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Timothy W. Smith Tags: COMMENTARIES Source Type: journals

Psychosocial Interventions for Bipolar Disorder: Perspective From the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) Dysregulation Theoryemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The objective of the current article was to examine the extent to which findings from the BAS dysregulation theory can inform psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder. Toward this end, we first provide an overview of the BAS dysregulation theory. Second, we review extant research on psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder. And, third, we discuss means by which research and theory in line with the BAS dysregulation model can inform psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder. Particular attention is given to the clinical implications of research, suggesting that bipolar disorder is characterized by high d...
Source: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Robin Nusslock, Lyn Abramson, Eddie Harmon-Jones, Lauren Alloy, James Coan Tags: REVIEW Source Type: journals

On the Role of Goal Dysregulation in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorderemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Nusslock, Abramson, Harmon-Jones, Alloy, and Coan (2009) propose that current psychosocial treatments for bipolar disorder be supplemented with interventions focused on altering goal dysregulation pathways. While innovations to existing treatment manuals are always welcome, there are several reasons why this suggestion may be premature. We highlight issues pertaining to the status of cognitive-behavioral therapy for bipolar disorder, the distinction between education and psychoeducation, the nature of familial expressed emotion, differences between clinical and analog samples, and the larger question of how to assess mecha...
Source: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David J. Miklowitz, Sheri L. Johnson Tags: COMMENTARIES Source Type: journals

Can the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) Dysregulation Theory Help Us to Understand Psychosocial Interventions in Bipolar Disorders?email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The past decade has witnessed a proliferation of reports of beneficial effects of adding psychosocial interventions to medication for bipolar patients. These interventions have common pragmatic elements, which are not specific to the theory underpinning therapy. Nusslock, Abramson, Harmon-Jones, Alloy, and Coan (2009) attempted to further our understanding by linking psychosocial interventions specific to bipolar disorders with the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) Dysregulation Theory. The attempt is most successful for cognitive behavioral therapy. The cognitive model and the BAS complement each other. Goal-attainment dys...
Source: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dominic Lam Tags: COMMENTARIES Source Type: journals

Cultural Background and Individualistic–Collectivistic Values in Relation to Similarity, Perspective Taking, and Empathyemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
A path model testing antecedents and consequences of perceived similarity was examined for Asian and European Australian participants (N = 240). Cultural background and values were measured, and participants read scenarios describing a target in distress acting according to individualistic or collectivistic values. Consistent with past research, feeling similar to the target was linked to perspective taking and empathy. Moreover, Asian participants were more collectivistic, and collectivistic values were linked to higher empathy. In the present data, however, both endorsed higher levels of collectivism than individualism; ...
Source: Journal of Applied Social Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Miriam S. Heinke, Winnifred R. Louis Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Is a Manipulator's Externality Paradoxical? The Relationship Between Machiavellianism, Economic Opportunism, and Economic Locus of Controlemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated their relationship with economic internality. We hypothesized that individuals inclined to adopt defecting strategies would tend to have external economic locus of control (ELOC). A Greek sample of 175 participants completed the ELOC and Mach IV questionnaires and a scale of economic opportunism. Machiavellianism and opportunism were both positively correlated with the ELOC Chance factor. Opportunism was negatively correlated with the ELOC Internal factor. The findings confirmed the hypothesis and showed that this kind of defector overestimates the role of chance, uncertainty, and hazard as sources ...
Source: Journal of Applied Social Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Maria Sakalaki, Sofia Kanellaki, Clive Richardson Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Helping Following Natural Disasters: A Social-Motivational Analysis1email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The present investigation explores how judgments of responsibility influence affective and helping reactions toward natural-disaster victims. Guided by Weiner's (1995, 2006) theory of social motivation, we hypothesized that judging victims responsible for a disaster would indirectly lead to low rates of helping. Two studies tested this hypothesis. In Study 1, a bogus earthquake was used to test experimentally the effects of responsibility judgments (low, high). In Study 2, we surveyed attitudes about the victims of Hurricane Katrina. Our results showed that Weiner's model was supported across studies. Responsibility judgme...
Source: Journal of Applied Social Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zdravko Marjanovic, Esther R. Greenglass, , C. Ward Struthers, Cathy Faye Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Religiosity and Attitudes Toward Diversity: A Potential Workplace Conflict?1email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The study investigates relationships between 2 measures of religiosity (immanence orientation and religious fundamentalism) and 2 measures of attitudes toward diversity (universal-diverse orientation and attitudes toward gay men and lesbians). As expected, different conceptualizations of religiosity relate differently to diversity attitudes. Immanence orientation related positively and religious fundamentalism related negatively with both measures of diversity attitudes. However, when both measures were included in the hierarchical regression equation, immanence orientation no longer related significantly with attitudes to...
Source: Journal of Applied Social Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Judy P. Strauss, Olukemi O. Sawyerr Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Perceived Organizational Support: An African Perspectiveemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The study of perceived organizational support (POS) has received considerable attention in the literature. Despite the acknowledged impact of sociocultural values on organizational behaviors, there is paucity in non-Western work environments. The current study empirically examined supportive perceptions in an African context. Workers' demographic variables and consequences of POS were examined in light of their sociocultural values. POS were measured with the short version of Eisenberger et al.'s (1990) survey. Sociocultural values that explain the associations of demographic variables with psychological variables (e.g., j...
Source: Journal of Applied Social Psychology - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Seth Ayim Gyekye, Simo Salminen Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals