Psychology
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Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Frontmatter Source Type: journals
Tourette syndrome in children and adolescents: Special considerationsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: Tourette syndrome (TS) affects people of all ages, with onset in early childhood and continuing through the different stages of the life cycle into adolescence and adults. This review focuses on barriers to diagnosis and challenges in the management of young patients with TS. Barriers to identification occur at multiple levels, including detection in the community setting (including schools), parents' help-seeking behavior, and cultural influences on such behavior, as well as diagnosis by the medical provider. Challenges to management include unfamiliarity of primary care providers, inconsistencies in the diagnos...
Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Valsamma Eapen, Rudi Črnčec Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
The PANDAS subgroup of tic disorders and childhood-onset obsessive–compulsive disorderEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: Diagnosis and treatment of the PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections) variant of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and childhood-onset obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are still controversial issues. Most cross-sectional studies confirm a significant association between GTS and the development of an immune response against group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS). Moreover, longitudinal retrospective studies suggest that a recent exposure to GABHS might be a risk factor for the onset of tics and obsessive–compulsive symptoms. However, further ...
Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Davide Martino, Giovanni Defazio, Gavin Giovannoni Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
Functional neuroimaging in Tourette syndromeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: Functional neuroimaging of neuropsychiatric disorders is a complex discipline requiring skills in medical science, philosophy, and technical physics. This review first examines the broad categories of functional imaging studies that have been utilized in this area, comparing the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. This review then looks at much of the available literature on functional imaging in Tourette syndrome (TS) and provides a synthesis of data. The review will also examine the different methodologies employed and will suggest which methodologies are most likely to lead to elucidation of the pathoph...
Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hugh Rickards Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
Transcranial magnetic stimulation in Gilles de la Tourette syndromeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: The cause of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), a chronic motor and vocal tic disorder of childhood onset, remains unknown. Abnormalities in basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits presumably play an important role in the pathophysiology underlying the involuntary tics. The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a noninvasive and painless tool to examine the excitability of several different circuits in the human motor cortex has advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology. Motor thresholds are similar in GTS and healthy subjects; in the resting state, recruitment of motor evoked potentials (MEP...
Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Michael Orth Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
The international prevalence, epidemiology, and clinical phenomenology of Tourette syndrome: A cross-cultural perspectiveEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article reviews the international prevalence, epidemiology, and clinical phenomenology of TS, from a cross-cultural perspective.
Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mary May Robertson, Valsamma Eapen, Andrea Eugenio Cavanna Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
Clinical phenomenology and phenotype variability in Tourette syndromeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a rich phenomenology that includes simple and complex motor and vocal tics as well as multiple comorbidities. From a nosological perspective, it is evident that a continuum of tic severity exists, of which TS is the most severe and rare form, while transient tics and chronic tics represent milder forms. From a psychopathology perspective, TS is often concurrent with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); these disorders appear to define TS “types” TS only, TS+OCD, and TS+OCD+ADHD. Additional clinic...
Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marco A. Grados, Carol A. Mathews Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
Clinical course of Tourette syndromeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion: Although tics are the sine qua non of TS, they are often not the most enduring or impairing symptoms in children with TS. Measures used to enhance self-esteem, such as encouraging strong friendships and the exploration of interests, are crucial to ensuring positive adulthood outcome in TS.
Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Michael H. Bloch, James F. Leckman Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
Neuropsychological aspects of Tourette syndrome: A reviewEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract: Tourette syndrome (TS) is assumed to result from frontostriatal dysfunction, which would be expected to result in impairments in neuropsychological functions. This possibility has been explored in a number of studies that have assessed the performance of patients with TS within major cognitive domains and on tests involving executive functioning. We aim to summarize the main findings of these studies while evaluating the influence of task limitations and potentially critical confounding factors such as the presence of comorbidity. Although there is clearly a need for improved study design, we tentatively suggest ...
Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Clare M. Eddy, Renata Rizzo, Andrea E. Cavanna Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
Tourette syndrome and comorbid early-onset schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions: The 2.5% prevalence of schizophrenia in our TS sample exceeds the 1% expected rate of schizophrenia in the general population (chi-square=9.14; P=.0025). The six cases of COS (before 13 years of age) exceeds the expected rate of 1–2 per 100,000 (chi-square=4499; P=.0001). The 752-fold increase in observed rates of comorbid TS and COS over expected rates suggests a role for unknown common underlying etiologic factors. Based on clinical features, patients with TS and comorbid COS, AdolOS, or AduOS do not have different conditions. We conclude with suggestions for further research.
Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jacob Kerbeshian, Chun-Zi Peng, Larry Burd Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
Aims and ScopeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: journals
The many faces of Gilles de la Tourette syndromeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) has come a long way since 1980 when the senior author began her ‘Tourette career.’ In the early days, case reports on the clinical phenomenology were being published, substantial cohorts were very rare, and the main treatment was haloperidol. Most of the publication originated from the USA. The only book published on GTS was that by Arthur Shapiro et al. in 1978. The then ‘high-powered’ investigations included EEGs, brain CT scans, and blood tests. Few clinicians understood the cause(s) and even fewer the prevalence and epidemiology. One has only to remember ploughing through In...
Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mary May Robertson, Andrea Eugenio Cavanna Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals
Gilles de la Tourette: The man behind the syndromeEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article concentrates on his life and includes previously untranslated passages from authors of the time and, for the first time, a full English translation of his obituary written by Henry Meige.
Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hugh Rickards, Andrea Eugenio Cavanna Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals
"It's Important for Me to Get My Jabs In:" Passive Aggressive Behavior on VH-1's "Sex Rehab"Email this article to a colleague.
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Dr. Drew is always good for shedding light on mental health issues; Keri Ann's passive aggressive note to Kendra, on the third episode of VH-1's "Sex Rehab," ought to provide some good material to process in the group's sessions. Check out this clip to watch passive aggresion in action:http://www.vh1.com/video/play.jhtml?id=1626189&vid=455635Notice how Keri Ann, unwilling to own her own anger, declares, "This is her anger..." referring to her castmate, Kendra. Passive aggressive people operate by getting others to act out the anger that they are harboring. If you have time, check out the rest of the episode and watch h...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Signe Whitson, L.S.W. Tags: Relationships Sex Therapy Dr. Drew hidden anger passive aggressive passive aggressive note sex addiction Source Type: consumer
Commentary: Opening Up Perspectives on Autonomy and Relatedness in Parent--Children Dynamics: Anthropological InsightsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Many studies have shown widely varying human child-rearing practices; no child is ever a tabula rasa in the eyes of the culture. The article by McShane et al. (2009) on parenting themes of autonomy and relatedness among Inuit migrants from the northern countryside to Ottawa, a medium-sized city and the capital of Canada, offers important findings on previously less-studied child-rearing among Inuit in that southern urban setting. More broadly, the article contributes insights into how child-rearing practices and beliefs reflect local conceptions of the person and the world, and how the child should be prepared to live in i...
Source: Culture - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rasmussen, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Commentary: Autonomy and Relatedness Reconsidered: Learning from the InuitEmail this article to a colleague.
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Psychology has long struggled with defining constructs while preserving their meaning within a cultural context. Autonomy and relatedness have been construed as a dichotomy, which does not contribute to the understanding of how humans can act autonomously while being attached to one another. It is more fruitful to discuss the constructs in the context of an inclusive relationship in which autonomy and relatedness are proposed to be compatible as they are located on different dimensions: agency and interpersonal distance, respectively. The nuances of the constructs and the dialogical process, which includes the middle groun...
Source: Culture - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Luciano, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
The Mediating Role of Objects in Recollections of Adult Women Survivors of Child Sexual AbuseEmail this article to a colleague.
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Recollection of child sexual abuse involves complex issues of agency—both in the past and in the present. Adult women survivors face the further obstacle of ingrained cultural tendencies to question women’s testimony. Ambiguity and ambivalence are found in adult women’s accounts of their past abuse and present particular dilemmas. Drawing on social remembering approaches developed in memory studies, it is argued that recollections have to negotiate issues of incidence and intentionality in the past as well as the potential contribution made by non-human participants (e.g. objects, spaces, bodies). Using e...
Source: Culture - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Reavey, P., Brown, S. D. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Commentary: Recalling as a Holistic Experience: Objects, Emotions and Meanings UnitedEmail this article to a colleague.
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Reavey and Brown (2009), in their article ‘The Mediating Role of Objects in Recollections of Adult Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse’, make an interesting review of recollections of child abuse episodes in four women. They intend to give an account, in terms of agency, responsibility and integrity, of reports of past traumatic experiences in which particular objects are considered. The mediation of objects in recollection of past memories is discussed as a relevant contribution, positioning objects as semiotic resources for the apprehension of idiosyncratic experiences and personal sense-making. It is state...
Source: Culture - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: del Rio, M. T., Molina, M. E. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Commentary: Discrepancies Drive Remembering and Show the Particularity of an Individual: A Commentary on Reavey & BrownEmail this article to a colleague.
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Remembering is driven by discrepancies (interdependencies) resulting from contradiction and develops toward resolution (stabilization) of them. Reavey and Brown (2009) depict female survivors of child sexual abuse who struggle to stabilize their recollections. By using a mediating network including physical objects, they reduce the indeterminacy of meanings of actions and events and attempt to properly construct identity and agency of participants of abuse including them. The present study of Reavey and Brown has the potential to explore the particularity of an individual. The author and colleagues have concerned themselve...
Source: Culture - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mori, N. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Agency and Power of Single Children in Multi-Generational Families in Urban Xiamen, ChinaEmail this article to a colleague.
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This paper examines ethnographic data collected over six months from Xiamen, China, on children as active agents in their relationships with their parents and grandparents. It explicates the usefulness of the conceptual tools of ‘agency’ and ‘interdependent power’ derived from social relational theory in demonstrating the bilateral influences between children, grandparents and parents. Ways in which children’s agency is enhanced in their interactions with the adult caregivers are explicated. It provides a reinterpretation of the ‘little emperor’ syndrome in contemporary urban China.
Source: Culture - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Goh, E. C.L., Kuczynski, L. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Commentary: Forms of Relationship Construction and the Power of the ChildEmail this article to a colleague.
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The work by Goh and Kuczynski (2009) is important beyond the specific context of China. Using social relational theory, the authors examine family dynamics in the contemporary nursing practices of five families in Xiamen, China. While they succeed in identifying relations and patterns of interaction, they do not explain the mechanism that enables the emergence of these patterns. In this article, I suggest a complementary way, which does not exclude theirs, to show how developments and concepts derived from general systems theory and from the general perspective of dynamic systems could contribute to understanding the relat...
Source: Culture - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rodriguez, L. P. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Life Course Staging as Cultural and Subjective Practice: Review, Critique, and Theoretical PossibilitiesEmail this article to a colleague.
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This paper identifies and critically assesses various research approaches to subjective and cultural-historical notions of life stages through the lens of comparative-cultural, psychometric, discursive psychological and ethnographic perspectives. Included is an overview of 48 studies of subjective attributions of life stages (1984—2007) covering 14 national settings, with a discussion of their limitations. Possibilities for cross-fertilizing critical gender theory with life stage theory are briefly discussed. It is suggested that analytic notions of citationality and hegemony, both pioneered in the context of gender ...
Source: Culture - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Janssen, D. F. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Commentary: About the Danger of Relying on Common VocabularyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Janssen (2009) raises the criticism that life stages and related concepts are not clearly defined and that even within the same study or data pool different conceptualizations can be found. A lack of clear definitions and the resulting difficulties are, nevertheless, not exclusive to life stage research. The general need for unambiguous definitions of the terminology used, even if these limit broader concepts to a certain scope of meaning, is stressed in order to avoid misunderstandings and to foster— especially interdisciplinary— communication.
Source: Culture - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Watzlawik, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Review Essay: Rituals and Knowledge Construction: Ethical Dilemmas on Creating OppositionsEmail this article to a colleague.
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What is knowledge construction for? Mesopotamian rituals were practiced in order to grasp the future and guide war strategies. Nowadays, scientific rules are developed to avoid mysticism—constructing more accurate laws to explain the reality. Both rituals and science were, and usually are, grounded in a conception that to know is to decipher the correct meaning behind the expressive relief of the world. Contemporary studies on anthropology have shown that the opposition between nature and culture is the basis of a number of problems in human sciences aiming to comprehend the intricate relation between body and violen...
Source: Culture - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Silva Guimaraes, D. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Examining Evidence for Autonomy and Relatedness in Urban Inuit ParentingEmail this article to a colleague.
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Inuit have experienced significant lifestyle changes in the past 50 years. Most recently, urbanization has resulted in greater numbers of Inuit living in urban centres in southern Canada. Little is known about Inuit parenting, and nothing has been published on Inuit parenting in an urban context. The present study sought to address this gap by describing the parenting of Inuit living in a large Canadian city and examining emergent themes for evidence of autonomy and relatedness. In partnership with the Tungasuvvingat Inuit Family Resource Centre, 39 Inuit parents completed an interview about their parenting experiences. Ba...
Source: Culture - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: McShane, K. E., Hastings, P. D., Smylie, J. K., Prince, C., The Tungasuvvingat Inuit Family Resource Centre Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
The Minimalist Self: The Japanese ExperienceEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this continuing series on sense of self, Sarah Luczaj explores a piece of research comparing the well-being of Japanese and North American students, drawing conclusions about the roles of gratitude and peaceful disengagement.Tags: independence, mindful awareness, news and research, relationships, series on sense of self, society
Source: CounsellingResource.com News and Features - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sarah Luczaj Tags: General independence mindful awareness news and research relationships series on sense of self society Source Type: news
Woo Me With Your WordsEmail this article to a colleague.
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It's all in how you say it.
Source: Psychology Today - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ilana Simons, Ph.D. Tags: Social Life Word Watch Source Type: consumer
Languages Are VanishingEmail this article to a colleague.
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Is there a problem?
Source: Psychology Today - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Roy F. Baumeister Tags: Evolutionary Psychology Word Watch Source Type: consumer
Fuggedaboutit—Alpha Male LinguisticsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Posturing dominance through words.
Source: Psychology Today - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Conrad McCallum Tags: Gender Word Watch Source Type: consumer
A Funny Little PoemEmail this article to a colleague.
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And a symptom of intelligence and creativity.
Source: Psychology Today - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mark Peters Tags: Creativity Word Watch Source Type: consumer
Who is the Most Violent Person in Your Family?Email this article to a colleague.
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You may be surprised.Last week twenty-year-old Jim told his mother that he has always been leery of his younger, but larger brother, Andrew. Jim's cautiousness around Andrew dates back to the time Andrew shoved him off a dump truck breaking both of Jim's wrists. The boys were six and five-years-old. The brothers have rarely seen eye-to-eye and as young adults tolerate each other, are cordial, but nothing more. Their mother had hoped they would be best friends at this point in their lives.The story was related to me by the boys' mother who is upset by her sons' current relationship, but understands it better after Jim's exp...
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Susan Newman, Ph.D. Tags: Anxiety Behavioral Economics Child Development Evolutionary Psychology Happiness Parenting Personality Psychiatry Relationships Resilience Self-Help Stress abuse best friends brother andrew brothers brothers and sisters c Source Type: consumer
Do You Grab Life by the Horns or Sit on the Sidelines?Email this article to a colleague.
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"The only things in this life that you really regret are the risks you didn't take. And God knows if you see a chance to be happy, you grab it with both hands and to hell with the consequences."--Grumpy Old MenI couldn't have said it any better. I hope I don't have to wait until I'm a fictional grumpy old man to realize this! Sure, life aint easy. But amid all the zings and zaps are quite a few tasty morsels. And if you aren't open to them, they will pass you by. Which type of person are you? Do you grab life by the balls (intriguing mental image, I admit) or tie yourself to the mast? As it turns out, this isn't such a sil...
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Scott Barry Kaufman, Ph.D. Tags: Personality agreeableness big-five colin deyoung conscientiousness dimensions of personality emotional stability grumpy old man Individual differences intellect jacob b. hirsh jacob hirsch meni mental image meta-traits neurom Source Type: consumer
Hedonism (Sensuality) Doesn't ExistEmail this article to a colleague.
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Some psychologists have talked about pleasure seeking or hedonism as a personality trait. I believe, however, that the construct of 'pleasure seeking' is invalid. Nobody seeks sensual pleasure. Here's why.
The phenomenon of satiation disproves the construct of hedonism (sensuality). Suppose, for example, that a theorist defined sensuality to include pleasure from eating and sex. Such a construct implies that the need for eating can be satiated by sexual activity and vice versa. Since this is obviously invalid, the construct of sensuality is invalid.
When a person seeks sensual pleasures, he or she is motivated by separate ...
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - November 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Steven Reiss, Ph.D. Tags: Personality antecedent variables antecedents antiquity avoidance constructs experience pleasure hedonism logical error personality theory personality trait physical activity pleasure sex psychologists satiation sensual pleasu Source Type: consumer
Enjoying Your EmotionsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Emotions have a bad rep these days. Especially in medical research, emotions are usually the enemies. This orientation is understandable with respect to rage, but laughing and crying also are treated as pathological. There are many studies of a new diagnosis called Emotional Lability (EL) and the even more extreme one, Emotional Incontinence (EI). "For Heaven's sake, stop crying: you are making a mess all over my new tablecloth."
It seems to have occurred to only a few researchers that the absence of emotional expression might be a far wider problem, and possibly a much more damaging one. There is only one diagnosis that h...
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - November 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Thomas Scheff, Ph.D. Tags: Anxiety Child Development Happiness Health Personality Psychiatry Relationships Self-Help ancient theory anger catharsis crying diagnosis emotional expression enemies fear grief horror movies medical research muscles Source Type: consumer
The Four Moral Emotions: Guilt, Shame, Embarrassment, and PrideEmail this article to a colleague.
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In my last post, I wrote about the evolutionary value of emotions. One reason emotions are useful is that they get us to react quickly in response to danger. Although our rational (as opposed to emotional) minds do a lot to keep us at the top of the food chain, rational thinking is sometimes too slow for handling a threat (e.g. fighting a tiger). Sometimes, we need to react more quickly--and our emotions, like fear and surprise, help us do that.
But of course supplying speedy reactions to tigers is not the only use of emotion. In this light, recent research on emotion has focused not just on issues of an individual's self-...
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - November 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ilana Simons, Ph.D. Tags: Animal Behavior Anxiety Evolutionary Psychology Happiness Neuroscience Personality Relationships Social Life basic emotion basic emotions better chance bump cultures Debra Mashek disgust Extinction heartbeat ilana simons Source Type: consumer
The Four Moral EmotionsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In my last post, I wrote about the evolutionary value of emotions. One reason emotions are useful is that they get us to react quickly in response to danger. Although our rational (as opposed to emotional) minds do a lot to keep us at the top of the food chain, rational thinking is sometimes too slow for handling a threat (e.g. fighting a tiger). Sometimes, we need to react more quickly--and our emotions, like fear and surprise, help us do that. But of course supplying speedy reactions to tigers is not the only use of emotion. In this light, recent research on emotion has focused not just on issues of an individual's self-...
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - November 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ilana Simons, Ph.D. Tags: Evolutionary Psychology Morality Personality basic emotion basic emotions better chance bump cultures Debra Mashek disgust Extinction heartbeat ilana simons Jeffrey Stuewig Jessica Tracy June Price Tangney landlord litera Source Type: consumer
Libel in Fact: Aspiring to Rational Judgments Using DSM-IEmail this article to a colleague.
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A 1964 poll Fact magazine invited members of the American Psychiatric Association to comment on then-Senator Barry Goldwater's personality. Last week, I continued my examination of the results of the poll, particularly focusing on the difference between, intuitive, automatic-seeming perceptions of personality versus logical, analytical reactions (see here).An example of a likely intuitive reaction was a respondent's comment regarding the Senator: "He frightens the hell out of me."In contrast to such intuitive reactions, diagnostic evaluations of Senator Goldwater ought to be more logical and analytical. Psychiatrists are t...
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - November 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John D. Mayer, Ph.D. Tags: Personality American Psychiatric Association checklists delusions hallucinations diagnostic and statistical manual diagnostic evaluations disorganized speech dsm iii dsm iv tr fact magazine impressions manifestations mental disorde Source Type: consumer
Fair PlayEmail this article to a colleague.
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Recently, while finishing up delivering a talk in Silicon Valley, I found myself struck by a deep sense of dread. I hadn't brought enough copies of hand out materials for the unexpectedly large group. This meant that at any moment a small mob of otherwise friendly people might turn against me, driven to expressing mild rage from a sense of unfairness. It was enough to put me on edge for some time until I labeled what was going on.Fairness is the fifth and final domain of threat or reward I have written up in a series of posts, the others being Status, Certainty, Autonomy and Relatedness. These five ideas together make up t...
Source: Psychology Today Work Center - November 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David Rock Tags: Neuroscience Social Life Work autonomy being ethical deep sense dread enormous sums ethics fair fair play fairness fairness issues injustice large group mundane situations pain and pleasure political clashes relatedness Source Type: consumer
How Much Should One Spend on An Engagement Ring?Email this article to a colleague.
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A common norm regarding how much a man should spend on an engagement ring is three months of his annual salary. One reason for placing such a heavy financial burden on this particular courtship ritual is that it serves as an honest signal of a man's commitment to his prospective wife. In other words, pretenders need not apply.Clearly though, in the same way that people do not always leave 15% of their bill as a tip (even though this is the norm) but rather adjust it up or down as a function of other factors (e.g., service quality), one would expect that the price paid for an engagement ring might too be linked to several e...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - November 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gad Saad, Ph.D. Tags: Evolutionary Psychology Gender Relationships Sex annual salary average incomes bria bridewealth cost of ring courtship ritual descriptive statistics engagement rings exact issue extraneous variables g service lee cronk marr Source Type: consumer
Emotion and the LawEmail this article to a colleague.
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Psychological Perspectives series: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation From questions surrounding motives to the concept of crimes of passion, the intersection of emotional states and legal practice has long interested professionals as well as the public—recent cases involving extensive pretrial publicity, highly charged evidence, and instances of jury nullification continue to make the subject particularly timely. With these trends in mind, Emotion ...
Source: Springer Psychology titles - November 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: organizations
10 Habits of Happy CouplesEmail this article to a colleague.
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What does it take to be happy in a relationship? If you’re working to improve your marriage, here are the 10 habits of happy couples.1. Go to bed at the same time Remember the beginning of your relationship, when you couldn’t wait to go to bed with each other to make love? Happy couples resist the temptation to go to bed at different times. They go to bed at the same time, even if one partner wakes up later to do things while their partner sleeps.<!--more--> 2. Cultivate common interests After the passion settles down, it’s common to realize that you have few interests in common. But don’t minimize the import...
Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center - November 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dr. Mark Goulston Tags: Relationships anonymity common interests couples default mode different times disagreement Forgiveness happy couples love mark goulston marriage marriage advice mate Memory passion spirit temptation Source Type: consumer
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the California Verbal Learning Test--Second Edition (CVLT-II) in a Traumatic Brain Injury SampleEmail this article to a colleague.
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The latent structure of the California Verbal Learning Test—Second Edition (CVLT-II) was examined in a clinical sample of 223 persons with traumatic brain injury that had been screened to remove individuals with complicating premorbid (e.g., psychiatric) or comorbid (e.g., financial compensation seeking) histories. Analyses incorporated the z scores from 12 CVLT-II variables. Maximum-likelihood confirmatory analyses were performed to test the fit and parsimony of four hypothetical models. A four-factor model, consisting of Attention Span, Learning Efficiency, Delayed Memory, and Inaccurate Memory, met all the a prior...
Source: Assessment - November 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: DeJong, J., Donders, J. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
A Psychometric Examination of Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI) ScoresEmail this article to a colleague.
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The factor structure of the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI) was assessed in a sample of 272 African American college students using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. The fit indices from the confirmatory analyses did not support the seven-factor first-order model or two alternative higher-order models suggested by the developers, but yielded numerous recommendations for modifications. A post hoc exploratory factor analysis indicated that MIBI items were best represented by a five-factor structure.
Source: Assessment - November 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vandiver, B. J., Worrell, F. C., Delgado-Romero, E. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
A Brief Assessment of the Interpersonal Circumplex: The IPIP-IPCEmail this article to a colleague.
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Three studies are presented that demonstrate the psychometric properties and initial validation of the International Personality Item Pool—Interpersonal Circumplex (IPIP-IPC). The IPIP-IPC is a brief 32-item assessment of the interpersonal cirucmplex designed to be used when time is limited or when participants have difficulty understanding the adjective items used in more traditional assessments of the interpersonal circumplex. In Study 1, 501 participants were examined to develop the IPIP-IPC and demonstrate the circular structure of the IPIP-IPC scales and their relation to the five-factor model of personality. St...
Source: Assessment - November 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Markey, P. M., Markey, C. N. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Contemplating the Presence of Third Party Observers and Facilitators in Psychological EvaluationsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Significant controversy surrounds how psychologists should balance competing interests when considering whether and under what conditions third parties should be permitted to be present during psychological evaluations. This is especially true in forensic contexts where much is often at stake for those being assessed. Unfortunately, existing professional statements on this issue provide limited guidance to practitioners on how to think about this issue. In this article, the authors (a) distinguish between different types of third party participants, (b) highlight the competing interests that underlie third party presence d...
Source: Assessment - November 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Otto, R. K., Krauss, D. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
An Item-Level Psychometric Analysis of the Personality Assessment Inventory: Clinical Scales in a Psychiatric Inpatient UnitEmail this article to a colleague.
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Multi-item multiscale self-report measures are increasingly used in inpatient assessments. When considering a measure for this setting, it is important to evaluate the psychometric properties of the clinical scales and items to ensure that they are functioning as intended in a highly distressed clinical population. The present study examines scale properties for a self-report measure frequently employed in inpatient assessments, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). In addition to examining internal consistency statistics, this study extends prior PAI research by considering key issues related to inpatient assessment...
Source: Assessment - November 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Siefert, C. J., Sinclair, S. J., Kehl-Fie, K. A., Blais, M. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
A Review of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--Adolescent (MMPI-A) and the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) With an Emphasis on Juvenile Justice SamplesEmail this article to a colleague.
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The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—Adolescent (MMPI-A) and Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) are frequently used objective personality self-report measures. Given their widespread use, the purpose of the current study was to examine and compare the literature base for the two instruments. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted between the years 1992 and 2007 using the PsycINFO Database. Results indicate the publication of 277 articles, books, book chapters, monographs, and dissertation abstracts on the MMPI-A. This was compared with the results of a comparable search for the MAC...
Source: Assessment - November 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Baum, L. J., Archer, R. P., Forbey, J. D., Handel, R. W. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--III and Malingering in Traumatic Brain Injury: Classification Accuracy in Known GroupsEmail this article to a colleague.
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A known-groups design was used to determine the classification accuracy of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—III (WAIS-III) variables in detecting malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND) in traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI patients were classified into the following groups: (a) mild TBI not-MND (n = 26), (b) mild TBI MND (n = 31), and (c) moderate/severe (M/S) TBI not-MND (n = 26). A sample of 80 general clinical patients was used for comparison. Verbal IQ, Verbal Comprehension Index, and Working Memory Index detected approximately 25% of malingerers with a false positive (FP) error rate of approximately 5% in t...
Source: Assessment - November 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Curtis, K. L., Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Sex Differences in Sum Scores May Be Hard to Interpret: The Importance of Measurement InvarianceEmail this article to a colleague.
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In most assessment instruments, distinct items are designed to measure a trait, and the sum score of these items serves as an approximation of an individual’s trait score. In interpreting group differences with respect to sum scores, the instrument should measure the same underlying trait across groups (e.g., male/female, young/old). Differences with respect to the sum score should accurately reflect differences in the latent trait of interest. A necessary condition for this is that the instrument is measurement invariant. In the current study, the authors illustrate a stepwise approach for testing measurement invari...
Source: Assessment - November 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Slof-Op 't Landt, M.C.T., van Furth, E.F., Rebollo-Mesa, I., Bartels, M., van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M., Slagboom, P.E., Boomsma, D.I., Meulenbelt, I., Dolan, C.V. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
Brooding and Pondering: Isolating the Active Ingredients of Depressive Rumination With Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation ModelingEmail this article to a colleague.
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Depressive rumination, as assessed by Nolen-Hoeksema’s Response Styles Questionnaire (RSQ), predicts the onset, chronicity, and duration of depressed mood. However, some RSQ items contain depressive content and result in a heterogeneous factor structure. After the a priori elimination of items potentially confounded with depressed item content, Treynor, Gonzalez, and Nolen-Hoeksema identified two factors within the remaining RSQ rumination sub-scale that were differentially related to depression: brooding and pondering. However, Treynor et al. used a nonstandard form and administration of the RSQ. The present study s...
Source: Assessment - November 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Armey, M. F., Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., Mennin, D. S., Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., Kecmanovic, J., Alloy, L. B. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals
